Zeitschriftenartikel: „Modbus TCP communication protocol“

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Jaloudi, Samer. "Communication Protocols of an Industrial Internet of Things Environment: A Comparative Study." Future Internet 11, no. 3 (2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi11030066.

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Most industrial and SCADA-like (supervisory control and data acquisition) systems use proprietary communication protocols, and hence interoperability is not fulfilled. However, the MODBUS TCP is an open de facto standard, and is used for some automation and telecontrol systems. It is based on a polling mechanism and follows the synchronous request–response pattern, as opposed to the asynchronous publish–subscribe pattern. In this study, polling-based and event-based protocols are investigated to realize an open and interoperable Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environment. Many Internet of Things (IoT) protocols are introduced and compared, and the message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) is chosen as the event-based, publish–subscribe protocol. The study shows that MODBUS defines an optimized message structure in the application layer, which is dedicated to industrial applications. In addition, it shows that an event-oriented IoT protocol complements the MODBUS TCP but cannot replace it. Therefore, two scenarios are proposed to build the IIoT environment. The first scenario is to consider the MODBUS TCP as an IoT protocol, and build the environment using the MODBUS TCP on a standalone basis. The second scenario is to use MQTT in conjunction with the MODBUS TCP. The first scenario is efficient and complies with most industrial applications where the request–response pattern is needed only. If the publish–subscribe pattern is needed, the MQTT in the second scenario complements the MODBUS TCP and eliminates the need for a gateway; however, MQTT lacks interoperability. To maintain a homogeneous message structure for the entire environment, industrial data are organized using the structure of MODBUS messages, formatted in the UTF-8, and then transferred in the payload of an MQTT publish message. The open and interoperable environment can be used for Internet SCADA, Internet-based monitoring, and industrial control systems.

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Li, Yan Xia, Mo Li Zhang, Dan Mei Niu, and Xiao Ling Zhang. "Design and Implementation of Embedded System Based on Modbus TCP/IP." Advanced Materials Research 532-533 (June 2012): 667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.667.

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It is the requirements of limited resources and realtime in embedded system. Design of network communication system based on embedded system is hard. In this paper, we propose the architecture of embedded network using Modbus TCP/IP protocol, analyze the composition of Modbus TCP/IP protocol. It is that Modbus protocol information can be made in the TCP/IP protocol of the Internet transmission, and thus extend the application of Modbus protocol. The network communication system is designed and implemented on the ARM platform using non-blanking socket in Linux. The system is available, stable and worthy of popularization.

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Shang, Wen Li, Sheng Shan Zhang, and Ming Wan. "Modbus/TCP Communication Anomaly Detection Based on PSO-SVM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (January 2014): 1745–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.1745.

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Industrial firewall and intrusion detection system based on Modbus TCP protocol analysis and whitelist policy cannot effectively identify attacks on Modbus controller which exactly take advantage of the configured rules. An Industrial control systems simulation environment is established and a data preprocessing method for Modbus TCP traffic captured is designed to meet the need of anomaly detection module. Furthermore a Modbus function code sequence anomaly detection model based on SVM optimized by PSO method is designed. And the model can effectively identify abnormal Modbus TCP traffic, according to frequency of different short mode sequences in a Modbus code sequence.

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Bednarek, Marcin, Tadeusz Dąbrowski, and Wiktor Olchowik. "Selected Practical Aspects of Communication Diagnosis in the Industrial Network." Journal of KONBiN 49, no. 1 (2019): 383–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2019-0020.

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Abstract Industrial networks combine elements of distributed control systems: process stations, operator stations and engineering stations. DCS stations often communicate using a dedicated, closed communication protocol. The industrial networks can be also used to manage communication between the stations of various systems, separate in terms of configuration. The process station communicates here with an external operator station, that is the SCADA system. For this purpose, the process stations and the SCADA systems can also communicate according to standard communication protocols, e.g. Modbus TCP. The paper examines the selected variants of diagnosing the communication status between the process station and the external operator station conducted according to the Modbus TCP protocol. The practical methods of finding the communication system unfitness causes are discussed.

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Chen Tiejun, and Yang Shaoming. "Implementation of the Modbus/TCP Protocol on the STM32." Journal of Convergence Information Technology 8, no. 2 (2013): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/jcit.vol8.issue2.11.

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Meng, Fanwen, Yuxiang Zhang, and Dongkai Yang. "Design of Communication Among Vision System, PLC and Industrial Robot based on Modbus-TCP protocol." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1288 (August 2019): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1288/1/012083.

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Tidrea, Alexandra, Adrian Korodi, and Ioan Silea. "Cryptographic Considerations for Automation and SCADA Systems Using Trusted Platform Modules." Sensors 19, no. 19 (2019): 4191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194191.

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The increased number of cyber threats against the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and automation systems in the Industrial-Internet-of-Things (IIoT) and Industry 4.0 era has raised concerns in respect to the importance of securing critical infrastructures and manufacturing plants. The evolution towards interconnection and interoperability has expanded the vulnerabilities of these systems, especially in the context of the widely spread legacy standard protocols, by exposing the data to the outside network. After gaining access to the system data by launching a variety of attacks, an intruder can cause severe damage to the industrial process in place. Hence, this paper attempts to respond to the security issue caused by legacy structures using insecure communication protocols (e.g., Modbus TCP, DNP3, S7), presenting a different perspective focused on the capabilities of a trusted platform module (TPM). Furthermore, the intent is to assure the authenticity of the data transmitted between two entities on the same (horizontal interoperation) or different (vertical interoperation) hierarchical levels communicating through Modbus TCP protocol based on functionalities obtained by integrating trusted platform modules. From the experimental results perspective, the paper aims to show the advantages of integrating TPMs in automation/SCADA systems in terms of security. Two methods are proposed in order to assure the authenticity of the messages which are transmitted, respectively the study presents the measurements related to the increased time latency introduced due to the proposed concept.

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Wu, Hua Zhu, Le Jun Zhang та Chun Guang Zhang. "Realization of Ethernet and RS485 Communication Gateway Based on μC/OS-II System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 39 (листопад 2010): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.39.416.

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In order to realize the interconnection between RS485 interface equipments and industrial Ethernet to satisfy the information integration needs from enterprise equipment control layer to management layer, the paper introduces a realizing method of embedded Ethernet gateway based on μC/OS-II system. This method use LM3S8962 micro-controller which integrate Ethernet controller as control core to finish the conversion between Modbus and TCP/IP protocol by opening up a data buffer, and to enhance the speed of data communication. Compared with other embedded gateway it has simple hardware structure, easy software and strong anti-interference, etc.

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Mzrieb, Hossam. "Performance Evaluation of UDP, DCCP and TCP in Congested Wired Networks." International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change 10, no. 3 (2019): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijissc.2019070103.

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Communication through the internet is one of the dominant methods of exchanging information. TCP and UDP are the transport layer protocols responsible for transit of nearly all Internet communications. Due to the growth of real-time audio and video applications, UDP is being used more frequently as a transport protocol, but unlike TCP, UDP has no mechanism for congestion control leading to wasted bandwidth and poor performance, so the DCCP protocol has appeared as a replacement for UDP. In this article, the author performs some simulations using NS2 for Drop Tail and RED queuing models to evaluate the performance of TCP, UDP, DCCP CCID2, and DCCP CCID3 protocols in congested wired networks. The performance metrics used are throughput, end to end delay, number of sent and lost packets. The obtained results show that the DCCP CCID2 performs the best throughput with the minimum of delay as compared to UDP, TCP, and DCCP CCID3.

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Fang, Xiao, Lin Chen, and Hong Zhi Yin. "The Measurement and Control System of Agricultural Greenhouse Based on Network." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 1488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.1488.

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A network measurement and control system based on STM32 is designed for the control of greenhouse temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, etc. ModbusRTU serial bus is used for managing the greenhouse environment instrumentation network and signal acquisition. The remote control of greenhouse is achieved by LWIP Ethernet and Modbus/TCP communication protocol, and the network control of multispan greenhouse is realized by them. MCGS(Monitorand Control Generated System) is used for the design of human machine interaction. The control system can reach producing requirements, high reliability, easy to operate and maintain.

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Ovaz Akpinar, Kevser, and Ibrahim Ozcelik. "Development of the ECAT Preprocessor with the Trust Communication Approach." Security and Communication Networks 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2639750.

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In the past several years, attacks over industrial control systems (ICS) have become increasingly frequent and sophisticated. The most common objectives of these types of attacks are controlling/monitoring the physical process, manipulating programmable controllers, or affecting the integrity of software and networking equipment. As one of the widely applied protocols in the ICS world, EtherCAT is an Ethernet-based protocol; thus, it is exposed to both TCP/IP and ICS-specific attacks. In this paper, we analyze EtherCAT field-level communication principles from the security viewpoint focusing on the protocol vulnerabilities, which have been rarely analyzed previously. Our research showed that it lacks the most common security parameters, such as authentication, encryption, and authorization, and is open to Media Access Control (MAC) spoofing, data injection, and other advanced attacks, which require superior skills. To prevent, detect, and reduce attacks over the EtherCAT-based critical systems, first, we improved the open-source Snort intrusion detection/prevention system (IDS/IPS) to support packets that are not processed over transport and network layers. Second, by incorporating a vulnerability analysis, we proposed the EtherCAT (ECAT) preprocessor. Third, we introduced a novel approach called trust-node identification and applied the approach as three rules into the preprocessor. In this sense, the ECAT preprocessor differs from other supported ICS preprocessors in the literature, such as DNP3 and Modbus/TCP. Besides supporting traditional rule expansion, it is also able to handle layer 2 packets and to apply deep packet inspection on EtherCAT packets using the trust-node approach. This method first identifies engineering-station approved nodes based on EtherCAT network information (ENI) configuration files and then deeply inspects incoming packets, considering protocol specifications. The improvements and approach have been tested on the physically developed testbed environment and we have proved that proposals can detect related attacks and provide a basic level of security over the EtherCAT-implemented systems.

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Moghimi, Mojtaba, Jiannan Liu, Pouya Jamborsalamati, et al. "Internet of Things Platform for Energy Management in Multi-Microgrid System to Improve Neutral Current Compensation." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 3102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113102.

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In this paper, an Internet of Things (IoT) platform is proposed for Multi-Microgrid (MMG) system to improve unbalance compensation functionality employing three-phase four-leg (3P-4L) voltage source inverters (VSIs). The two level communication system connects the MMG system, implemented in Power System Computer Aided Design (PSCAD), to the cloud server. The local communication level utilizes Modbus Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is used as the protocol for global communication level. A communication operation algorithm is developed to manage the communication operation under various communication failure scenarios. To test the communication system, it is implemented on an experimental testbed to investigate its functionality for MMG neutral current compensation (NCC). To compensate the neutral current in MMG, a dynamic NCC algorithm is proposed, which enables the MGs to further improve the NCC by sharing their data using the IoT platform. The performance of the control and communication system using dynamic NCC is compared with the fixed capacity NCC for unbalance compensation under different communication failure conditions. The impact of the communication system performance on the NCC sharing is the focus of this research. The results show that the proposed system provides better neutral current compensation and phase balancing in case of MMG operation by sharing the data effectively even if the communication system is failing partially.

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Priyanti, Ika, Adi Abimanyu, Dr Muhtadan, and Saminto, ST. "DESIGN OF DECY-13 CYCLOTRON DAQ SYSTEM." Jurnal Forum Nuklir 13, no. 3 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jfn.2019.13.3.5458.

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PSTA BATAN (Center of Science and Accelerator Technology) has been developed the 13 MeV cyclotron named DECY-13 for producing radioisotope. That cyclotron has five subsystems and hasn’t established by communication standard protocol yet. In order to make cyclotron communicate effectively, this paper presented the design of data acquisition with OPC (OLE for Process Control) based standard protocol and it has established in DECY-13’s Instrumentation and Control System by case study method. We used Modbus TCP/IP architecture to make all of HMI from five subsystems building communication with each other to Server Computer (OPC Server). OPC Server and OPC Client has configured by NI OPC Server and NI LabVIEW. Data acquisition has monitored by LabVIEW. Configuration of the system for 13 MeV cyclotron and performance test result showed in RMSE value from Reflected Drive Amp Power is 13,94 %, Magnetic Field is 11,2 % ; Forward Final Amp Power is 5,24 % ; Forward Drive Amp Power is 1,98 % ; MPS current is 1,87 % ; Beam Current and A2 Sensor are 1,85 % ; B2 Sensor is 1,77 % ; Bias Current is 1,71%. Based on monitoring and test result, the design of DAQ system has succeeded and established the communication from several different data types from subsystems with OPC protocol standard

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González, Isaías, Antonio José Calderón, and José María Portalo. "Innovative Multi-Layered Architecture for Heterogeneous Automation and Monitoring Systems: Application Case of a Photovoltaic Smart Microgrid." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (2021): 2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042234.

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Intelligent energy facilities, e.g., smart grids and microgrids are the evolution of traditional energy grids through digital transformation. These modern paradigms are expected to foster the utilization of renewable energies, sustainable development, and resilience of the power grid. A barrier found when deploying experimental smart grids and microgrids consists of handling the heterogeneity of the required hardware and software components as well as the available commercial equipment. Despite the fact that there is various architecture proposed in previous literature, it commonly lacks experimental validation, specification of involved equipment concerning industrial/proprietary or open-source nature, and concretization of communication protocols. To overcome such drawbacks, this paper proposes an innovative multi-layered architecture to deploy heterogeneous automation and monitoring systems for microgrids. The architecture is structured into six functional layers to organize the hardware and software equipment in an integrated manner. The open protocol Modbus TCP is chosen to harmonize communications, enabling the interconnection of equipment from industrial and energy scopes, indeed of open-source nature. An experimental photovoltaic-based smart microgrid is reported as the application case to demonstrate the suitability and validity of the proposal.

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Wan, Ming, Yan Song, Yuan Jing, and Junlu Wang. "Function-Aware Anomaly Detection Based on Wavelet Neural Network for Industrial Control Communication." Security and Communication Networks 2018 (September 12, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5103270.

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Function control, which is an essential link in industrial automation, is undergoing a growing integration with ICTs (Information Communication Technologies) because of the flexible manufacturing and convenient interoperability in CPSs (Cyber-Physical Systems). However, it has also brought the increasing dangers of cyberattacks caused by malicious or intentional industrial process control exploitations. In order to effectively detect these cyber intrusions and anomalies, this paper proposes a function-aware anomaly detection approach based on WNN (Wavelet Neural Network), which perceives the abnormal function control changes in industrial control communication. By appropriately extracting the time-related function control characteristics from industrial communication packets, this approach builds an optimized wavelet neural network to model the normal function control behaviors and calculates the detection threshold to differentiate the aberrant industrial process control activities. Additionally, a real-world control system, whose communication protocol is Modbus/TCP, is simulated to furnish the analyzed function control data. According to the experimental results, we fully demonstrate this approach has the fine detection accuracy and adequate real-time capability.

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Si, Yunpeng, Nikhil Korada, Raja Ayyanar, and Qin Lei. "A High Performance Communication Architecture for a Smart Micro-Grid Testbed Using Customized Edge Intelligent Devices (EIDs) With SPI and Modbus TCP/IP Communication Protocols." IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics 2 (2021): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojpel.2021.3051327.

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Soetedjo, Aryuanto, Yusuf Ismail Nakhoda, and Choirul Saleh. "An Embedded Platform for Testbed Implementation of Multi-Agent System in Building Energy Management System." Energies 12, no. 19 (2019): 3655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193655.

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This paper presents a hardware testbed for testing the building energy management system (BEMS) based-on the multi agent system (MAS). The objective of BEMS is to maximize user comfort while minimizing the energy extracted from the grid. The proposed system implements a multi-objective optimization technique using a genetic algorithm (GA) and the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) to control the room temperature and illumination setpoints. The agents are implemented on the low cost embedded systems equipped with the WiFi communication for communicating between the agents. The photovoltaic (PV)-battery system, the air conditioning system, the lighting system, and the electrical loads are modeled and simulated on the embedded hardware. The popular communication protocols such as Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and Modbus TCP/IP are adopted for integrating the proposed MAS with the existing infrastructures and devices. The experimental results show that the sampling time of the proposed system is 16.50 s. Therefore it is suitable for implementing the BEMS in a real-time where the data are updated in an hourly or minutely basis. Further, the proposed optimization technique shows better results in optimizing the comfort index and the energy extracted from the grid compared to the existing methods.

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Jeong, YiNa, SuRak Son, SangSik Lee, and ByungKwan Lee. "A Total Crop-Diagnosis Platform Based on Deep Learning Models in a Natural Nutrient Environment." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (2018): 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101992.

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This paper proposes a total crop-diagnosis platform (TCP) based on deep learning models in a natural nutrient environment, which collects the weather information based on a farm’s location information, diagnoses the collected weather information and the crop soil sensor data with a deep learning technique, and notifies a farm manager of the diagnosed result. The proposed TCP is composed of 1 gateway and 2 modules as follows. First, the optimized farm sensor gateway (OFSG) collects data by internetworking sensor nodes which use Zigbee, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth protocol and reduces the number of sensor data fragmentation times through the compression of a fragment header. Second, the data storage module (DSM) stores the collected farm data and weather data in a farm central server. Third, the crop self-diagnosis module (CSM) works in the cloud server and diagnoses by deep learning whether or not the status of a farm is in good condition for growing crops according to current weather and soil information. The TCP performance shows that the data processing rate of the OFSG is increased by about 7% compared with existing sensor gateways. The learning time of the CSM is shorter than that of the long short-term memory models (LSTM) by 0.43 s, and the success rate of the CSM is higher than that of the LSTM by about 7%. Therefore, the TCP based on deep learning interconnects the communication protocols of various sensors, solves the maximum data size that sensor can transfer, predicts in advance crop disease occurrence in an external environment, and helps to make an optimized environment in which to grow crops.

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Radoglou Grammatikis, Panagiotis, Panagiotis Sarigiannidis, Georgios Efstathopoulos, and Emmanouil Panaousis. "ARIES: A Novel Multivariate Intrusion Detection System for Smart Grid." Sensors 20, no. 18 (2020): 5305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185305.

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The advent of the Smart Grid (SG) raises severe cybersecurity risks that can lead to devastating consequences. In this paper, we present a novel anomaly-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS), called ARIES (smArt gRid Intrusion dEtection System), which is capable of protecting efficiently SG communications. ARIES combines three detection layers that are devoted to recognising possible cyberattacks and anomalies against (a) network flows, (b) Modbus/Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) packets and (c) operational data. Each detection layer relies on a Machine Learning (ML) model trained using data originating from a power plant. In particular, the first layer (network flow-based detection) performs a supervised multiclass classification, recognising Denial of Service (DoS), brute force attacks, port scanning attacks and bots. The second layer (packet-based detection) detects possible anomalies related to the Modbus packets, while the third layer (operational data based detection) monitors and identifies anomalies upon operational data (i.e., time series electricity measurements). By emphasising on the third layer, the ARIES Generative Adversarial Network (ARIES GAN) with novel error minimisation functions was developed, considering mainly the reconstruction difference. Moreover, a novel reformed conditional input was suggested, consisting of random noise and the signal features at any given time instance. Based on the evaluation analysis, the proposed GAN network overcomes the efficacy of conventional ML methods in terms of Accuracy and the F1 score.

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Chen, Gin Shan. "Research of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Power Generator Monitoring System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (November 2012): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.735.

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To design and implement a stand-alone photovoltaic power generator monitoring system with remote control functions. The hardware architecture consists of solar cells, solar charger, DC/AC inverter, energy storage device, energy consumption equipment, electrical load, PLC controller, I/O card, router, and supervisory control computer, while the software is composed of programmable software and graphic supervisory control software. With the self-developed solar charger, the conversion efficiency of this system achieves 93.26%. Besides, with maximum power point tracking function, the solar cells could continuously output maximum power. The user-friendly human-machine interface would transmit the information acquired by PLC controller, through MODBUS TCP communications protocol, to the remote computer; this would supervise and control the voltage, electric current, power, fault detection, network monitoring, and run chart function in the photovoltaic energy generating system; and the supervised and controlled data would be recorded in detail and stored into the database for further study and analyses. The experiment confirms the convenient operation of this system that it could effectively supervise and control the conditions of the system.

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Saminathan, Sasippriya, and K. Geetha. "Real-Time Health Care Monitoring System using IoT." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.24 (2018): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.24.12141.

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Incorporation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in healthcare industry explored the possibilities to optimize the supply of all the available medical resources and provide reliable, efficient healthcare services to the aged people and patients with physical disabilities and chronic illness. In consumer electronics and growing costs of healthcare a vision of connected e-health has evolved which constitute Personal Health Devices (PHD). Present day mobile devices are capable enough to gather data from various sensors and often play a role in physical fitness gateway and then data are collected in PHDs. The network overhead and suitability of the proposed solution for the different environment is presented which includes the integration of different wireless interfaces with cloud services. The work focuses on adapting the MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport) communication model. This protocol is preferred over CoAP which is one-one protocol because it is one of the lightweight protocols used in TCP/IP and it has the feature of many to many communication models. The evaluation of the work is on a PHD prototype device and feasibility of the solution is discussed. The proposed work is to design and develop a Real-time healthcare monitoring system using IoT which is featured with Random Forest algorithm for heart disease prediction by gathering patient’s data from various PHD sensors and timely alert the caretaker as well as a doctor by sending messages through MQTT. It monitors the patient’s physiological parameters remotely and diagnoses the heart diseases as early as possible.The main motto is to reduce the cost of healthcare and give people the awareness about health and fitness.

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Liu, Chun, and Kun Tan. "Research and Implementation of the Secure Database-Update Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 1752–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.1752.

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For a safety critical computer, large-scale data like database which has to be transferred in an instant time cannot be voted directly. This paper proposes a database update algorithm for safety critical computer based on status vote,which is to vote the database status instead of database itself. This algorithm can solve the problem of voting too much data in a short time, and compare versions of database of different modules in real time. A Markov model is built to calculate the safety and reliability of this algorithm. The results show that this algorithm meets the update requirement of safety critical computer. 1. Communication protocol for database update 1.1 TFTP protocol TFTP is a simple protocol for transporting document. It usually uses the UDP protocol to realize but the TFTP does not require the specific agreement of implementation and can implement with TCP in special occasions. [This agreement is designed for small file transferring, so it doesn't have function many FTP usually does; it can only acquire or write the file from the server and not able tot list directory, not authenticate. It transfers 8 bits of data with three models: netascii, the eight-bit ASCII form; octet, the eight-bit source data type; mail, no longer supported, it returns the data back directly to the user rather than saved as a file. 1.2 SRTP Ethernet security real-time data transfer protocol

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Xuan, Luo, and Li Yongzhong. "Research and Implementation of Modbus TCP Security Enhancement Protocol." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1213 (June 2019): 052058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1213/5/052058.

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Tien, Chin-Wei, Tse-Yung Huang, Ping-Chun Chen, and Jenq-Haur Wang. "Using Autoencoders for Anomaly Detection and Transfer Learning in IoT." Computers 10, no. 7 (2021): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers10070088.

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With the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, more and more smart devices are connected to the Internet. Since these devices were designed for better connections with each other, very limited security mechanisms have been considered. It would be costly to develop separate security mechanisms for the diverse behaviors in different devices. Given new and changing devices and attacks, it would be helpful if the characteristics of diverse device types could be dynamically learned for better protection. In this paper, we propose a machine learning approach to device type identification through network traffic analysis for anomaly detection in IoT. Firstly, the characteristics of different device types are learned from their generated network packets using supervised learning methods. Secondly, by learning important features from selected device types, we further compare the effects of unsupervised learning methods including One-class SVM, Isolation forest, and autoencoders for dimensionality reduction. Finally, we evaluate the performance of anomaly detection by transfer learning with autoencoders. In our experiments on real data in the target factory, the best performance of device type identification can be achieved by XGBoost with an accuracy of 97.6%. When adopting autoencoders for learning features from the network packets in Modbus TCP protocol, the best F1 score of 98.36% can be achieved. Comparable performance of anomaly detection can be achieved when using autoencoders for transfer learning from the reference dataset in the literature to our target site. This shows the potential of the proposed approach for automatic anomaly detection in smart factories. Further investigation is needed to verify the proposed approach using different types of devices in different IoT environments.

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Zhang, Wen Xia, Yan Wang, and Shu Hua Li. "Analysis Framework of Freemodbus." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 1610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.1610.

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Modbus is a popular network protocol in the industrial manufacturing environment. A modbus communication stack requires two layers:the modbus application protocol which defines the data model and functions and a Network layer. The FreeMODBUS provides an implementation of the modbus application protocol and supports RTU/ASCII transmission models. The paper introduces the analysis of FreeMODBUSs whole framework and the serial links implementation. According to the analysis, it is easily to realize the modbus protocol stack on the chip which FreeMODBUS hasnt realized and so quickly to finish the product design.

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Naskar, Saptarshi, Krishnendu Basuli, and Samar Sen Sarma. "Serial port data communication using MODBUS protocol." Ubiquity 2008, January (2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1348478.1348477.

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Chen, Zai Ping, and Zhi Tong Chen. "Based on Profibus-DP and Modbus Protocol Conversion Inverter Communication Interface Design." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 2447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.2447.

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With the development of factory automation technology, Profibus-DP fieldbus and Modbus protocol has become the most widely used communication technology at home and abroad, but the choices which can accomplish the data conversion between these two devices is not enough. According to the Modbus RTU communication agreement for the use of frequency converter, the article provides a kind of communication interface based on Profibus-DP and the Modbus communication protocol conversion which mainly introduces its hardware and software design scheme, and expounds the dependability and real-time performance of the communication interface.

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Lai, Yingxu, Huijuan Gao, and Jing Liu. "Vulnerability Mining Method for the Modbus TCP Using an Anti-Sample Fuzzer." Sensors 20, no. 7 (2020): 2040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20072040.

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Vulnerability mining technology is used for protecting the security of industrial control systems and their network protocols. Traditionally, vulnerability mining methods have the shortcomings of poor vulnerability mining ability and low reception rate. In this study, a test case generation model for vulnerability mining of the Modbus TCP based on an anti-sample algorithm is proposed. Firstly, a recurrent neural network is trained to learn the semantics of the protocol data unit. The softmax function is used to express the probability distribution of data values. Next, the random variable threshold and the maximum probability are compared in the algorithm to determine whether to replace the current data value with the minimum probability data value. Finally, the Modbus application protocol (MBAP) header is completed according to the protocol specification. Experiments using the anti-sample fuzzer show that it not only improves the reception rate of test cases and the ability to exploit vulnerabilities, but also detects vulnerabilities of industrial control protocols more quickly.

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Yan, Yin Fa, Shi Fu Zhang, Yue Hai Zhang, Feng Gang Zuo, and Fa De Li. "Design of Network Power Meter Based on Modbus TCP." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.939.

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To implement fast transmation for a large amount of the electricity parameters and timely measurement, the network power meter is developed based on Modbus TCP. The power meter mainly uses 32bits ARM processor STM32F103RBT6, thighly integrated Delta-Segma ADC CS5451 and Ethernet chip W5100 built-in hardwired TCP/IP stack. According to the meter usage on the testing spot, the measurement precision and communication speed of the network power meter can well meet the power industry requirements.

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Herath, H. M. K. K. M. B., S. V. A. S. H. Ariyathunge, and H. D. N. S. Priyankara. "Development of a Data Acquisition and Monitoring System Based on MODBUS RTU Communication Protocol." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 6 (2020): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jun479.

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MODBUS is a serial communication protocol use in industry, which developed by Modicon in 1979. The most common usage of the MODBUS communication protocol is the Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC). The aim of this study is to develop a system for acquiring and analyze measured values from the power measuring device and display them on C# developed GUI. The main objective is to develop an algorithm for MODBUS RTU communication protocol for data acquisition process. In this study, a single power measuring device was used with the aid of MODBUS RTU and RS-485 communication protocols, and data shown in the device was visualized on the C# developed GUI application and analyze them according to the user’s requirement. Data acquisitions from the holding registers were made by using the MODBUS Function Code three. The test results were observed and verified accuracy by performing several trials. Data was collected from the power measuring device which was attached to the industrial soft starter panel of a milling machine. Voltage, Current, Total Harmonic Distortion and Power Factor for each phase were retrieved to the C# devolved computer application and verify results with the real-time data of the power measuring device.

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Si, Qing Hua, Hai Bo Xu, Jun Xu, Gao Yang Xu, and Zhen Feng Ye. "Application of Modbus Protocol in the Automatic Safety Device." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.765.

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The traditional HMI ( human-machine interface ) of automatic safety device is lack of beauty and friendship. With the development of smart grid, there are more and more high requirements of the HMI. The automatic safety device was divided into the HMI module and the device main body. An industrial touch screen which supports for Modbus protocol, was selected as the HMI module of the automatic safety device. The HMI data was extracted into the standard data of Modbus protocol, and mapped to the unified address space of Modbus protocol. Modbus RTU mode was used to achieve the data communication between the HMI module and the device main body. This method not only makes the display content richer, interface more user-friendly, but also makes the product development cycle shorter and the product more scalable.

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Han, Tao, Xue Feng Lai, Liang Wen Yan, and Zai Feng Zhang. "Method and Realization of Central Air-Conditioning Control Strategy Communication Based on STM32." Advanced Materials Research 1039 (October 2014): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1039.328.

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Abstract. With the SIEMENS S7-200 PLC and HMI based on KingView being the master, a slave station of STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller is developed based on MODBUS protocol. The establishment and program designing of communication protocol using RS485/RS232 between master and slave is introduced firstly. Then the process of debugging between the microcontroller and PC, the microcontroller and the PLC is elaborated. Thus serial communication is implemented based on MODBUS protocol in RTU mode. The system will be applied in central air-conditioning control system. A good control effect will be obtained as the controlling strategy and main algorithm can be computed in the STM32 slave station.

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Kartika, Emillia, Ta'ali Ta'ali, and Hastuti Hastuti. "Sistem Monitoring dan Kontrol Motor AC 3 Phasa Melalui Inverter dengan Protokol Modbus Menggunakan Visual Basic Berbasis Atmega 2560." JTEV (Jurnal Teknik Elektro dan Vokasional) 6, no. 2 (2020): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jtev.v6i2.108911.

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A three-phase induction motor is one of the electric machines and is classified as an AC motor that is widely used in the industrial world. The development of control systems in the industry will not be separated from the data communication system. To send data from the field (sensor) to the controller, for communication between controllers, to send data from the controller to the computer, all require data communication. One of the most widely used data communication systems in industrial control systems is the Modbus protocol. Even in the world of education there are also many studies that develop control systems using modbus communication. The speed regulation of three phase induction motor can be done in various ways one of them is by using Variable Speed Drive which functions to adjust the frequency of the source so as to get the desired motor speed (rpm). Communication between VSD, Arduino and PC with the MODBUS protocol is a system built to be able to monitor the performance of a three phase induction motor.

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L, Rajesh, and Penke Satyanarayana. "Detection and Blocking of Replay, False Command, and False Access Injection Commands in SCADA Systems with Modbus Protocol." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (September 27, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8887666.

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Industrial control systems (ICS) are being used for surveillance and controlling numerous industrial process plants in national critical infrastructures. Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system is a core component in ICS systems for continuous monitoring and controlling these process plants. Legacy SCADA systems are working in isolated networks and using proprietary communication protocols which made them less exposed to cyber threats. In recent times, these ICS systems have been connected to Internet and corporate networks for data sharing and remote monitoring. They are also using open protocols and operating systems. This leads to vulnerabilities of the system to cyberattacks. Cybersecurity threats are more prevalent than ever in ICS systems. These attacks may be external or internal. Modbus is a widely deployed communication protocol for SCADA communications. There is no security in design of Modbus protocol, and it is vulnerable to numerous cyberattacks. In this paper, we worked for False Command Injection attack, False Access Injection attack, and replay attacks on Modbus protocol. Initially, a real-time SCADA testbed was set up, and we envisaged the impact of these attacks on Modbus protocol data using the testbed. In this work, we used local area network (LAN) environment only for simulating the attacks. We assumed that the attacks penetrated the LAN network. We proposed and developed (a) a method to detect replay attacks by incorporating time stamp and sequence number in Modbus communications and (b) a frame filtering module which will block unauthorized attacks like False Command Injection and False Access Injection attacks to reach programmable logic controller (PLC). Numbers of attacks were simulated and the performance of the method was measured using attack block rate (ABR). It blocked 97% of malicious Modbus transactions or attacks to reach the PLC. It protects SCADA systems from attackers, which is a core component of industrial control systems. The solution enhanced the security of SCADA systems with Modbus protocol.

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He, Yue Jun. "Development of Key Reliability Tester." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 890–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.890.

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This paper aims to describe the characteristics of the hardware and software control systems of the key reliability tester, including the mechanical design and design method. The tester adopts STC89C51 as the control core. It can be run separately, as well as used as the slave, which utilizes the standard MODBUS-RTU communication protocol through the RS-485 bus and PC machine (host) to form a MODBUS network. Furthermore, it is combined with the host monitoring platform to form a MODBUS network in order to achieve network control. The control software of the key reliability tester includes a master control program and a communication program. The communication program will be described in detail.

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Figueroa-Lorenzo, Añorga, and Arrizabalaga. "A Role-Based Access Control Model in Modbus SCADA Systems. A Centralized Model Approach." Sensors 19, no. 20 (2019): 4455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204455.

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Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Supervisory Control systems and Data Acquisition (SCADA) networks implement industrial communication protocols to enable their operations. Modbus is an application protocol that allows communication between millions of automation devices. Unfortunately, Modbus lacks basic security mechanisms, and this leads to multiple vulnerabilities, due to both design and implementation. This issue enables certain types of attacks, for example, man in the middle attacks, eavesdropping attacks, and replay attack. The exploitation of such flaws may greatly influence companies and the general population, especially for attacks targeting critical infrastructural assets, such as power plants, water distribution and railway transportation systems. In order to provide security mechanisms to the protocol, the Modbus organization released security specifications, which provide robust protection through the blending of Transport Layer Security (TLS) with the traditional Modbus protocol. TLS will encapsulate Modbus packets to provide both authentication and message-integrity protection. The security features leverage X.509v3 digital certificates for authentication of the server and client. From the security specifications, this study addresses the security problems of the Modbus protocol, proposing a new secure version of a role-based access control model (RBAC), in order to authorize both the client on the server, as well as the Modbus frame. This model is divided into an authorization process via roles, which is inserted as an arbitrary extension in the certificate X.509v3 and the message authorization via unit id, a unique identifier used to authorize the Modbus frame. Our proposal is evaluated through two approaches: A security analysis and a performance analysis. The security analysis involves verifying the protocol's resistance to different types of attacks, as well as that certain pillars of cybersecurity, such as integrity and confidentiality, are not compromised. Finally, our performance analysis involves deploying our design over a testnet built on GNS3. This testnet has been designed based on an industrial security standard, such as IEC-62443, which divides the industrial network into levels. Then both the client and the server are deployed over this network in order to verify the feasibility of the proposal. For this purpose, different latencies measurements in industrial environments are used as a benchmark, which are matched against the latencies in our proposal for different cipher suites.

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Bai, Q., B. Jin, D. Wang, Y. Wang, and X. Liu. "Compact Modbus TCP/IP protocol for data acquisition systems based on limited hardware resources." Journal of Instrumentation 13, no. 04 (2018): T04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/13/04/t04004.

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Ren, Meng Meng, Xiao Chang Ni, Bo Pang, Tong Li, and Zhen Ming Song. "Design of Wireless Data Transmission Module Based on ModBus Protocol." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 2548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.2548.

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According to current technological situation that most of the existing Modbus networks are based on cable and the disadvantages of cable in bus architecture such as troubles during installation, much inconvenience in maintenance debugging and the potential safety hazard following high non-isolated, a design proposal based on Modbus digital transmission module is presented to realize the communication function without cable. During the design proposal, a wireless RF A7108 chip offered by SHENGKE electronic company is selected as the transmission carrier, which is followed by the transmit-receive pattern of Modbus protocol. And the transmission reliability of wireless data is guaranteed by the CRC check of every frame in the process of data transmission. This design can improve the problem of cable dependence in the traditional bus system and has a certain practical value within 500 meters radius in the industry with cable arrangement difficulty.

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Leng, Jian Wei, and Xiang Lian Fu. "Design and Application of Energy Monitoring System Based on Serial Port Server and B/S Framework Configuration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 1613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.1613.

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Data acquisition card or Daisy chain serial model are widely used in energy monitoring system, but there are still problems to be solved such as the unity of data specification and performance of real time is not high. We proposed that using signal conversion module to unified signal, using serial port servers to achieve standard Modbus RTU protocol to TCP/IP protocol conversion, supplemented by optical fiber transmission to collect data. Thus realizing the unity of data acquisition specifications and improving the data transfer rate and real-time performance, also solving the problems of points dispersion, distance is too long and can not eliminate interference.

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Lucchi, Elena, Luisa Dias Pereira, Mirco Andreotti, et al. "Development of a Compatible, Low Cost and High Accurate Conservation Remote Sensing Technology for the Hygrothermal Assessment of Historic Walls." Electronics 8, no. 6 (2019): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8060643.

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This article aims to properly assess the hygrothermal properties of walls located in historic buildings, this study discloses the development of a remote sensing technology compatible with an in-situ measurement implemented in Palazzo Tassoni (Italy). As required by the international recommendations adapted to cultural heritage (CH), this monitoring system balances CH conservation, performance aspects and economic costs using an integrated multidisciplinary approach. Electronics for measurement of environmental parameters is composed of sensor measurements, data acquisition system and data storage and communication system. Data acquisition system, equipped with standard modbus-rtu interface, is designed to run standalone and it is based on two cloned single board PCs to reduce the possibility of data loss. In order to reduce the costs, RaspberryPI single board PCs were chosen. These run a C/C++ software based on standard modbus library and designed to implement multi-client server TCP/IP to allow communication with other devices. Storage and communication systems are based on an industrial PC; it communicates with sensor measurements’ system through a modbus-TCPIP bridge. PC runs a Labview software to provide data storage on a local database and graphical user interface to properly see all acquired data. Herein, some sensing options and approaches of measurement are described, unveiling different possible ways of enhancing the retrofit of CH with adapted technology.

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Gu, Jing Bo, та Chang Song Qi. "The Implementation and Application of Modbus Protocol in DC Panel Based on μC/Os-II". Applied Mechanics and Materials 421 (вересень 2013): 706–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.421.706.

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This paper introduces the basic concepts and functions of the DC panel. Then introduce the role of Modbus protocol in the DC panel. After that, the scheme concept and hardware platform of the protocol implementation are analyzed. And then this paper explains the realization of Modbus protocol in DC panel system that ported μC/OS-II based on ARM Cortex-M3. Due to DC panel system has multi-tasking and large amount of monitoring data, the concurrent problems handling multiple tasks in the μC/OS-II are analyzed and designed. Finally, the communication is implemented via DC panel battery module with DC panel system used in the program. The results show that the implementation of the protocol can achieve real-time and stable effects.

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Zhang, Xu Hui, Hong Bo Xia, and Ran Lin. "Communication Interface Design of Mitsubishi Touch Screen and DSP." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 4174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.4174.

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Aiming at the disunity problems of the interface types and protocols existing in the communication between the touch screen and the DSP controller, this paper puts forward a kind of communication method based on MODBUS protocol of the Mitsubishi touch screen and DSP controller. By using a standard RS232 interface and MODBUS RTU data transmission format realize the asynchronous communication between GOT touch screen and TMS320F2812 controller. Through the RS485 bus, DSP achieves the communication with ABB frequency converters. Using this method Mitsubishi touch screen, DSP and frequency converter finished communication. So that touch screen can display the working status of the ABB frequency converters in real time. It has been verified by test that data transmission is reliable and good real-time.

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Pătrăşcoiu, Nicolae, Cosmin Rus, Cecilia Roşulescu, and Nicoleta Negru. "Data acquisition system based on transducers with Modbus communication." MATEC Web of Conferences 342 (2021): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134205007.

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In this paper we propose an application written in LabVIEW through which a number of transducers or sensors are controlled so that the data from them are taken according to a certain algorithm and also this application realize the data processing. Control consists in selection for each of these transducers, their inputs selection and retrieves information from them. The physical connection between used transducers and master is made through RS-485 bus and the transmission protocol used is Modbus RTU.

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Titaev, Alexander. "Reducing update data time for exchange via MODBUS TCP protocol by controlling a frame length." Automatic Control and Computer Sciences 51, no. 5 (2017): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s014641161705008x.

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Wang, Hao Yu, Yi Zheng, and Tong Min Ge. "On the Simplification of Data Based on Standard MODBUS Protocol." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 1337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.1337.

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In order to obtain more rapid and effective communication, simplify the format information of the slave and the transmission logic under the appropriate project application requirements, and form the simplified scheme.

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Demir, Beşir, Ahmet Tumay, Mehmet Efe Ozbek, and Enver Cavus. "Design of a system solution that modernizes legacy supervisory control and data acquisition systems as an early detection system." Measurement and Control 51, no. 7-8 (2018): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294018782087.

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Background In industrial disasters, early detection of problems and crisis management are critical for saving the lives of people and reducing the impact of disasters. Purpose In this study, we design a special gateway system that bridges the gap between different communication protocols and enables legacy supervisory control and data acquisition systems to function early detection systems for potential industrial disasters. Methods The system uses a new queue mechanism to substantially improve the problem of data loss found in conventional supervisory control and data acquisition systems and utilizes identification (ID) prioritization to enable early detection of problems. The proposed system is implemented and tested on a Linux-based, 3G-capable Modbus gateway system. Modbus is used as the communication protocol and 3G technology is utilized to provide high-speed wireless data transfer components. The Modbus gateway device uses an ARM-based EP9302 processor and has digital input/output, relay outputs, and RS485 outputs. Conclusion This study is significant as it is the first work to show the application of the priority query execution method for Modbus gateway devices.

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Vani, M. P. "Study on Surveillance of Proactive Network Using Frame Work." Advanced Materials Research 1048 (October 2014): 550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1048.550.

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Proactive network offers several to communicate on protocol. Protocol has various features. Proactive protocol PNP is a general purpose communication. It has only one TCP port. Proactive communication is performed using proactive communication protocol. Procative network protocol is used over SSL. It uses ciphering which is used in order to perform secure communication. The IP address and TCP on which the message router is bound is printed on the standard output.

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Hou, Jing Jing, and Gen Wang Liu. "A Design of Li-Ion Battery Formation System Based on ARM Embedded Computer." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 998–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.998.

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Based on embedded ARM system and TCP\IP protocol and CAN-bus protocol, a filed-control-system of Li-ion Battery Formation was designed. TCP protocol has many advantages such as reliable and high speed; CAN-bus protocol also has many advantages such as high speed, high reliability and good resisting disturbance performance. We used TCP protocol achieve communication between Host Computer and Upper Computer, and used CAN-bus protocol between Upper Computer and Lower Computer. This system has such functions as inspection, formation management and battery separation. In this article we will describe the system structure, function, communication architecture and give a brief communication software code with QT programming language.

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Sosnovskiy, Yuri, Maria Lapina, Vitalii Lapin, and Massimo Mecella. "Software tools communication process models for Modbus TCP/RTU for diagnostics using machine learning approaches." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1069, no. 1 (2021): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1069/1/012033.

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Delai, Andre, Alberto Miyadaira, and Tania Lima. "AMASP (ASCII Master Slave Protocol): a Lightweight MODBUS Based Customizable Communication Protocol for General Applications." Journal of Communication and Information Systems 34, no. 1 (2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14209/jcis.2019.1.

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