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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Neurochemical networks“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Neurochemical networks"
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Amirah, Farah. „The neurochemical underpinnings of autism spectrum disorder“. International Journal of Clinical Medical Research 3, Nr. 1 (22.01.2025): 16–17. https://doi.org/10.61466/ijcmr3010004.
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Autism spectrum disorder encompasses a range of neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental conditions marked by deficits in social interaction and communication, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors or interests, alongside atypical sensory processing. Environmental, immunological, genetic, and epigenetic factors contribute to the pathophysiology of autism, triggering neuroanatomical and neurochemical changes early in central nervous system development. Numerous neurochemical pathways contribute to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder; however, the interactions among these intricate networks and their role in the emergence of core autism symptoms remain poorly understood. Additional research on neurochemical changes in autism is essential to elucidate the early neurodevelopmental differences that contribute to the significant heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder, thereby informing new strategies for treatment and prevention.
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Khani, Abbas, und Gregor Rainer. „Neural and neurochemical basis of reinforcement-guided decision making“. Journal of Neurophysiology 116, Nr. 2 (01.08.2016): 724–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01113.2015.
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Decision making is an adaptive behavior that takes into account several internal and external input variables and leads to the choice of a course of action over other available and often competing alternatives. While it has been studied in diverse fields ranging from mathematics, economics, ecology, and ethology to psychology and neuroscience, recent cross talk among perspectives from different fields has yielded novel descriptions of decision processes. Reinforcement-guided decision making models are based on economic and reinforcement learning theories, and their focus is on the maximization of acquired benefit over a defined period of time. Studies based on reinforcement-guided decision making have implicated a large network of neural circuits across the brain. This network includes a wide range of cortical (e.g., orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex) and subcortical (e.g., nucleus accumbens and subthalamic nucleus) brain areas and uses several neurotransmitter systems (e.g., dopaminergic and serotonergic systems) to communicate and process decision-related information. This review discusses distinct as well as overlapping contributions of these networks and neurotransmitter systems to the processing of decision making. We end the review by touching on neural circuitry and neuromodulatory regulation of exploratory decision making.
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Marotta, Rosa, Maria C. Risoleo, Giovanni Messina, Lucia Parisi, Marco Carotenuto, Luigi Vetri und Michele Roccella. „The Neurochemistry of Autism“. Brain Sciences 10, Nr. 3 (13.03.2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10030163.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to complex neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests, and altered sensory processing. Environmental, immunological, genetic, and epigenetic factors are implicated in the pathophysiology of autism and provoke the occurrence of neuroanatomical and neurochemical events relatively early in the development of the central nervous system. Many neurochemical pathways are involved in determining ASD; however, how these complex networks interact and cause the onset of the core symptoms of autism remains unclear. Further studies on neurochemical alterations in autism are necessary to clarify the early neurodevelopmental variations behind the enormous heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder, and therefore lead to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of autism. In this review, we aim to delineate the state-of-the-art main research findings about the neurochemical alterations in autism etiology, and focuses on gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, serotonin, dopamine, N-acetyl aspartate, oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin, melatonin, vitamin D, orexin, endogenous opioids, and acetylcholine. We also aim to suggest a possible related therapeutic approach that could improve the quality of ASD interventions. Over one hundred references were collected through electronic database searching in Medline and EMBASE (Ovid), Scopus (Elsevier), ERIC (Proquest), PubMed, and the Web of Science (ISI).
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Jiménez-Jiménez, Félix, Hortensia Alonso-Navarro, Elena García-Martín und José Agúndez. „Neurochemical Features of Rem Sleep Behaviour Disorder“. Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, Nr. 9 (31.08.2021): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11090880.
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Dopaminergic deficiency, shown by many studies using functional neuroimaging with Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), is the most consistent neurochemical feature of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) and, together with transcranial ultrasonography, and determination of alpha-synuclein in certain tissues, should be considered as a reliable marker for the phenoconversion of idiopathic RBD (iRBD) to a synucleopathy (Parkinson’s disease –PD- or Lewy body dementia -LBD). The possible role in the pathogenesis of RBD of other neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline, acetylcholine, and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters; hormones such as melatonin, and proinflammatory factors have also been suggested by recent reports. In general, brain perfusion and brain glucose metabolism studies have shown patterns resembling partially those of PD and LBD. Finally, the results of structural and functional MRI suggest the presence of structural changes in deep gray matter nuclei, cortical gray matter atrophy, and alterations in the functional connectivity within the basal ganglia, the cortico-striatal, and the cortico-cortical networks, but they should be considered as preliminary.
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Schwarz, Adam J., Alessandro Gozzi, Alessandro Chessa und Angelo Bifone. „Voxel Scale Complex Networks of Functional Connectivity in the Rat Brain: Neurochemical State Dependence of Global and Local Topological Properties“. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/615709.
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Network analysis of functional imaging data reveals emergent features of the brain as a function of its topological properties. However, the brain is not a homogeneous network, and the dependence of functional connectivity parameters on neuroanatomical substrate and parcellation scale is a key issue. Moreover, the extent to which these topological properties depend on underlying neurochemical changes remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated both global statistical properties and the local, voxel-scale distribution of connectivity parameters of the rat brain. Different neurotransmitter systems were stimulated by pharmacological challenge (d-amphetamine, fluoxetine, and nicotine) to discriminate between stimulus-specific functional connectivity and more general features of the rat brain architecture. Although global connectivity parameters were similar, mapping of local connectivity parameters at high spatial resolution revealed strong neuroanatomical dependence of functional connectivity in the rat brain, with clear differentiation between the neocortex and older brain regions. Localized foci of high functional connectivity independent of drug challenge were found in the sensorimotor cortices, consistent with the high neuronal connectivity in these regions. Conversely, the topological properties and node roles in subcortical regions varied with neurochemical state and were dependent on the specific dynamics of the different functional processes elicited.
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Frisaldi, Elisa, Alessandro Piedimonte und Fabrizio Benedetti. „Placebo and Nocebo Effects: A Complex Interplay Between Psychological Factors and Neurochemical Networks“. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 57, Nr. 3 (13.01.2015): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2014.976785.
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Brodowicz, Justyna, Edmund Przegaliński, Christian P. Müller und Malgorzata Filip. „Ceramide and Its Related Neurochemical Networks as Targets for Some Brain Disorder Therapies“. Neurotoxicity Research 33, Nr. 2 (25.08.2017): 474–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12640-017-9798-6.
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Samardžija, Bobana, Milan Petrović, Beti Zaharija, Marta Medija, Ana Meštrović, Nicholas J. Bradshaw, Ana Filošević Vujnović und Rozi Andretić Waldowski. „Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster Carrying a Human Full-Length DISC1 Construct (UAS-hflDISC1) Showing Effects on Social Interaction Networks“. Current Issues in Molecular Biology 46, Nr. 8 (03.08.2024): 8526–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb46080502.
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Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a scaffold protein implicated in major mental illnesses including schizophrenia, with a significant negative impact on social life. To investigate if DISC1 affects social interactions in Drosophila melanogaster, we created transgenic flies with second or third chromosome insertions of the human full-length DISC1 (hflDISC1) gene fused to a UAS promotor (UAS-hflDISC1). Initial characterization of the insertion lines showed unexpected endogenous expression of the DISC1 protein that led to various behavioral and neurochemical phenotypes. Social interaction network (SIN) analysis showed altered social dynamics and organizational structures. This was in agreement with the altered levels of the locomotor activity of individual flies monitored for 24 h. Together with a decreased ability to climb vertical surfaces, the observed phenotypes indicate altered motor functions that could be due to a change in the function of the motor neurons and/or central brain. The changes in social behavior and motor function suggest that the inserted hflDISC1 gene influences nervous system functioning that parallels symptoms of DISC1-related mental diseases in humans. Furthermore, neurochemical analyses of transgenic lines revealed increased levels of hydrogen peroxide and decreased levels of glutathione, indicating an impact of DISC1 on the dynamics of redox regulation, similar to that reported in transgenic mammals. Future studies are needed to address the localization of DISC1 expression and to address how the redox parameter changes correlate with the observed behavioral changes.
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Ziminski, Joseph J., Polytimi Frangou, Vasilis M. Karlaftis, Uzay Emir und Zoe Kourtzi. „Microstructural and neurochemical plasticity mechanisms interact to enhance human perceptual decision-making“. PLOS Biology 21, Nr. 3 (10.03.2023): e3002029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002029.
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Experience and training are known to boost our skills and mold the brain’s organization and function. Yet, structural plasticity and functional neurotransmission are typically studied at different scales (large-scale networks, local circuits), limiting our understanding of the adaptive interactions that support learning of complex cognitive skills in the adult brain. Here, we employ multimodal brain imaging to investigate the link between microstructural (myelination) and neurochemical (GABAergic) plasticity for decision-making. We test (in males, due to potential confounding menstrual cycle effects on GABA measurements in females) for changes in MRI-measured myelin, GABA, and functional connectivity before versus after training on a perceptual decision task that involves identifying targets in clutter. We demonstrate that training alters subcortical (pulvinar, hippocampus) myelination and its functional connectivity to visual cortex and relates to decreased visual cortex GABAergic inhibition. Modeling interactions between MRI measures of myelin, GABA, and functional connectivity indicates that pulvinar myelin plasticity interacts—through thalamocortical connectivity—with GABAergic inhibition in visual cortex to support learning. Our findings propose a dynamic interplay of adaptive microstructural and neurochemical plasticity in subcortico-cortical circuits that supports learning for optimized decision-making in the adult human brain.
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De Pascalis, Vilfredo. „Brain Functional Correlates of Resting Hypnosis and Hypnotizability: A Review“. Brain Sciences 14, Nr. 2 (24.01.2024): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14020115.
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This comprehensive review delves into the cognitive neuroscience of hypnosis and variations in hypnotizability by examining research employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and electroencephalography (EEG) methods. Key focus areas include functional brain imaging correlations in hypnosis, EEG band oscillations as indicators of hypnotic states, alterations in EEG functional connectivity during hypnosis and wakefulness, drawing critical conclusions, and suggesting future research directions. The reviewed functional connectivity findings support the notion that disruptions in the available integration between different components of the executive control network during hypnosis may correspond to altered subjective appraisals of the agency during the hypnotic response, as per dissociated and cold control theories of hypnosis. A promising exploration avenue involves investigating how frontal lobes’ neurochemical and aperiodic components of the EEG activity at waking-rest are linked to individual differences in hypnotizability. Future studies investigating the effects of hypnosis on brain function should prioritize examining distinctive activation patterns across various neural networks.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Neurochemical networks"
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Butler, Jasmine J. „Action of 5-HT2A receptors on neurotransmitter systems in the mouse brain : application to psychedelics“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025BORD0026.
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Le sous-type de récepteur de la sérotonine 2A (5-HT2AR) suscite un grand intérêt suite aux recherches clinique et préclinique sur les psychédéliques sérotoninergiques. Ces composés ont une action agoniste convergente sur le 5-HT2AR et ont des propriétés antidépressives et anxiolytiques. Cet intérêt s’ajoute à des données antérieures montrant que l'antagonisme du récepteur 5-HT2AR, qui fait partie du profil pharmacologique des antipsychotiques atypiques, pourrait avoir des effets bénéfiques dans plusieurs pathologies dont la schizophrénie. Néanmoins, l’impact des 5-HT2AR sur le fonctionnement cérébral, en particulier sur la neurotransmission, est peu connu. Les réseaux cérébraux fonctionnels ont été conceptualisés en corrélant des signaux électriques ou métaboliques entre les régions du cerveau grâce à l'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle ou l'encéphalographie. Ces études de neuroimagerie ont montré que les psychédéliques modifient la connectivité de réseaux cérébraux mais elles ne peuvent pas évaluer la neurochimie des systèmes de neurotransmetteurs et leur interaction. Cette thèse aborde l'hypothèse selon laquelle les agonistes 5-HT2AR psychédéliques perturbent l'organisation fonctionnelle des systèmes de neurotransmetteurs à l'échelle du cerveau. Le contenu tissulaire des neurotransmetteurs classiques (glutamate et GABA) et monoaminergiques (sérotonine, dopamine et noradrénaline) et de leurs métabolites a été mesuré dans 28 régions du cerveau de souris après l'administration d'un agoniste et d'un antagoniste 5-HT2AR de haute affinité, le TCB-2 et le MDL100,907, respectivement. Pour promouvoir une organisation cohérente des systèmes de neurotransmetteurs, les souris ont été placées dans un paradigme d'exploration forcée et leur comportement a été filmé avant la quantification neurochimique post-mortem. Un défi important de cette thèse fut la manipulation d'un large nombre de données neurochimiques qui, au-delà de l’aspect quantitatif, permet une approche corrélative incorporant la théorie des graphes pour construire des réseaux de connectivité neurochimique. Cette nouvelle analyse a entraîné le développement d'un code accompagnant le lancement d'une base de données neurochimiques pour rendre accessible ces donnéesThe serotonin 2A receptor subtype (5-HT2AR) has gained interest following a resurgenceof clinical and pre-clinical research on serotonergic psychedelics, compounds withconverging agonist action on the 5-HT2AR. Psychedelics have antidepressant andanxiolytic properties, particularly when paired with therapy. Antagonism at the 5-HT2AR,as part of the pharmacological profile of atypical antipsychotics, may have benefits forschizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Despite their clinical relevance, the known impact of5-HT2ARs on brain function, particularly neurotransmission, is limited. Functional brainnetworks have been conceptualised by correlating electrical or metabolic neuroimagingsignals between brain regions using functional magnetic resonance imaging orencephalography. These studies have shown that psychedelic 5-HT2AR agonists alterthe connectivity of these brain-wide networks. However, neuroimaging is currently unableto assess the neurochemistry of neurotransmitter systems and their interplay. This thesisaddresses the hypothesis that psychedelic 5-HT2AR agonists disrupt the functionalorganization of brain-wide neurotransmitter systems. Tissue content of both classical(glutamate and GABA) and monoaminergic (serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline)neurotransmitters and their metabolites were measured in 28 regions of the mouse brainfollowing high-affinity 5-HT2AR agonist and antagonist, TCB-2 and MDL100,907respectively. To promote a coherent organisation of neurotransmitter systems mice wereplaced in a forced exploration paradigm and their behaviour was filmed before postmortemneurochemical quantification. A significant challenge of this thesis lies inmanipulating such a large neurochemical dataset that, beyond quantitative modulation,allows for a correlative approach incorporating graph theory to build networks ofneurochemical connectivity. This novel analysis prompted the development of code toaccompany the launch of a neurochemical database, including this dataset, makinganalysis using this new approach accessible.The obtained results demonstrate that a variety of compounds across the 28 brain regionsform distinct neurobiological networks that can be monitored with high-pressure liquidchromatography coupled to electrochemical detection. A striking density ofneurochemical correlations between brain regions in vehicle-treated animals wasobserved, with a distinct regional organisation for dopamine and noradrenaline. The 5-HT2AR agonist TCB-2 (0.3, 3, and 10 mg/kg) as well as the 5-HT2AR antagonist MDL-100,907 (0.2 mg/kg) reduced the number of correlations and disrupted the organisationof correlations for all neurotransmitters across the brain. Some effects of TCB-2, notablyon serotonergic parameters were independent of 5-HT2ARs in several brain regions.Other effects including behavioural parameters such as head twitches or components ofthe exploratory behaviour, as well as the levels of serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenalinein the anterior cingulate cortex were reduced by MDL-100,907 pretreatment. MDL-100,907 alone had very few effects on the quantity of neurochemicals across brainregions. Overall, this thesis highlights that 5-HT2ARs likely play an important role iniiiorganising the coherence of neurotransmitter systems in response to a forced exploratorybehaviour whether or not it is associated with quantitative changes. The thesis offers anew paradigm to address the function of neurotransmitter systems. It enlarges theunderstanding of the mechanism of psychedelic action in the brain including vast brainterritories (sensory, motor, cognitive) with some lateralized effects, and alteredconnectivity of neurotransmission systems
Bücher zum Thema "Neurochemical networks"
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Ashraf, Ghulam. Neurochemical Systems and Signaling: From Molecules to Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2023.
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Neurochemical Systems and Signaling: From Molecules to Networks. CRC Press LLC, 2023.
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Ashraf, Ghulam. Neurochemical Systems and Signaling: From Molecules to Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2023.
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Ashraf, Ghulam. Neurochemical Systems and Signaling: From Molecules to Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2023.
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Ashraf, Ghulam. Neurochemical Systems and Signaling: From Molecules to Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2023.
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Ashraf, Ghulam. Neurochemical Systems and Signaling: From Molecules to Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2023.
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Carrión, Victor G., John A. Turner und Carl F. Weems. Sleep. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190201968.003.0005.
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The architecture of healthy sleep rests upon a network of several interacting neurochemical systems, an arrangement that is easily disrupted by the experience of traumatic stress. As a result, sleep may be among the most susceptible of behaviors to have a negative impact as a result of trauma. Sleep disturbances, or “parasomnias,” such as nightmares, sleepwalking, and insomnia are one of the most prominent hallmarks of PTSD, and the study of these sleep-specific symptoms can provide a window into the underlying pathology of the disorder. The current chapter reviews the preclinical animal literature that has informed our understanding of the brain structures that are involved in the development of these parasomnias. In reviewing adult and child studies of disrupted sleep in PTSD, a distinction is made between the subjective and objective assessment of sleep quality, with a call made for an emphasis on objective measurements in future research.
Buchteile zum Thema "Neurochemical networks"
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Ezhov, Alexandr A., Andrei G. Khromov und Svetlana S. Terentyeva. „On Neurochemical Aspects of Agent-Based Memory Model“. In Advances in Neural Networks – ISNN 2016, 375–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40663-3_43.
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KELLEY, ANN E. „Neurochemical Networks Encoding Emotion and Motivation“. In Who Needs Emotions?, 29–78. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195166194.003.0003.
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Devinsky, Orrin, und Mark D’esposito. „Memory and Memory Disorders“. In Neurology Of Cognitive And Behavioral Disorders, 275–301. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195137644.003.0008.
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Abstract Understanding of the neural basis of memory function has advanced rapidly during the past few decades. Numerous neuropsychological and neurophysiological studies of memory function reveal a system of dissociable processes, not a unitary system. Anatomical studies in humans and other primates map these dissociable processes onto distributed neural networks. Neuro pharmacological studies reveal that different neurotransmitter systems play distinct roles in the various memory processes. Memory is not localized to one brain region or restricted to one neurotransmitter system. The theoretical distinctions of memory functions developed by psychologists and neuroscientists provide a meaningful framework for understanding the symptoms of memory disorders. New therapies will likely arise from advances in understanding the neuroanatomical and neurochemical underpinnings of memory function.
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Smith, Yoland, und J. P. Bolam. „Combined approaches to experimental neuroanatomy: combined tracing and immunocytochemical techniques for the study of neuronal microcircuits“. In Experimental Neuroanatomy, 239–68. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199633265.003.0011.
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Abstract Most of the chapters in this volume have so far dealt with individual techniques in experimental neuroanatomy at the electron microscopic level. From these techniques we can identify projection neurones and examine the morphology of their afferent terminals. Moreover, the structural characteristics of the post-synaptic target of a set of anterogradely labelled terminals can be analysed from material containing immunostained structures, or intracellularly labelled neurones. These approaches in themselves produce valuable information concerning neuronal elements within the microcircuits and networks of the brain. However, the amount of data obtained using such approaches is limited in the sense that the identified structure is examined ‘in isolation’. In order to establish the position of an identified neurone, or population of terminals within the neural network in relation to other neuronal elements, it is necessary to know the nature of the terminals afferent to a labelled neurone, or the nature of the post-synaptic targets of identified terminals. By this we mean that it is necessary to know the origin, neurochemical nature, and pattern of innervation of the synaptic terminals afferent to an identified neurone. Similarly, it is important to know the morphology, the chemical nature and the synaptic output of the neurones that are post-synaptic to a specific population of labelled terminals. Thus, to establish the microcircuitry or neuronal networks of a particular area of the brain it is necessary to combine the individual experimental approaches in a single experimental animal.
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Alexander, Rebecca, und Justine Megan Gatt. „Resilience“. In Genes, brain, and emotions, 286–303. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793014.003.0020.
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Resilience refers to the process of adaptive recovery following adversity or trauma. It is likely to include an intertwined series of dynamic interactions between neural, developmental, environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors over time. Neuroscientific research suggests the potential role of the brain’s threat and reward systems, as well as executive control networks. Developmental research provides insight into how the environment may affect these neural systems across the lifespan towards greater risk or resilience to stress. Genetic work has revealed numerous targets that alter key neurochemical systems in the brain to influence mental health. Current challenges include ambiguities in the definition and measurement of resilience and a simplified focus on resilience as the absence of psychopathology, irrespective of levels of positive mental functioning. Greater emphasis on understanding the protective aspects of resilience and related well-being outcomes are important to delineate the unique neurobiological factors that underpin this process, so that effective interventions can be developed to assist vulnerable populations and resilience promotion.
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Pradhan, Basant. „Social Psychiatry“. In The WASP Textbook on Social Psychiatry, herausgegeben von Rama Rao Gogineni, Andres J. Pumariega, Roy A. Kallivayalil, Marianne Kastrup und Eugenio M. Rothe, 273—C22P115. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197521359.003.0022.
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Abstract Social cognitive neuroscience is an emerging discipline that bridges across several disciplines and includes the concepts of social brain and social psychiatry. Simply speaking, social brain is the biological substrate of what social psychiatry entails. Our sociality is the outcome of an intricate and multi-dimensional relationship between the size of the social brain, the richness as well as the selectivity of its neural networks and the behavioral complexities emanating from the bonded relationships that underpin our social coalitions. Although no specific brain area is specifically designated as the social brain, accumulating data from the neuroimaging and cognitive neuroscience research reveal that distinct neuronal networks do subserve our social functionings and also that the social information processing may actually be different non-social information processing. Our various social functioning and the related processes serve as the operational domains for both the social brain as well as social psychiatry. Their scopes are quite broad and range from epidemiological/anthropological research and an indistinct boundary with individual or group psychotherapy at one end, and quite precise brain mapping, genetic, neurochemical studies and targeted neuromodulation and integrative psychiatric interventions at the other end. This chapter embarks upon these fascinating aspects from social cognitive neuroscience, biological, developmental and spiritual perspectives and also discusses some therapeutic implications, both actual and potential.
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Yue, Guangxin. „Regulation of Oxytocin on Empathy and Its Neural Mechanism“. In Oxytocin and Social Function [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.112743.
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Empathy is a multidimensional concept, including emotion and cognition. It plays a vital role in social communication, and it is very important for establishing harmonious relationships, trust, and mutual understanding. Empathy includes the ability to feel and understand the emotions of others, which can be learned and improved through various ways. Oxytocin is a neuropeptide, and its influence on social behavior and emotions has been widely studied. It is found that it can enhance emotional and cognitive empathy, as well as trust and cooperative behavior. Oxytocin acts on specific brain regions, such as the insula, amygdala, and reward circuitry, to modulate empathy-related neural processes. Oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms are also related to empathy. Future research could explore the effect of oxytocin interventions on individuals with empathy deficiency, investigate the relationship between oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism and empathy neural networks, and study the neural mechanisms of the influence of other neurochemical substances (such as dopamine) affecting empathy. In addition, further study on empathy of typical developing individuals could provide valuable insights into the symptoms and causes of various diseases. Finally, promoting the practical application and value transformation of research results related to empathy is helpful to develop intelligent systems that can simulate human empathy and enhance human-computer interactions.
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Brommelhoff Jessica A. und Sultzer David L. „Brain Structure and Function Related to Depression in Alzheimer's Disease: Contributions from Neuroimaging Research“. In Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease. IOS Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-542-5-295.
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The development of minimally invasive in vivo methods for imaging the brain has allowed for unprecedented advancement in our understanding of brain-behavior relationships. Structural, functional, and multimodal neuroimaging techniques have become more sophisticated in detecting structural and physiological abnormalities that may underlie various affective disorders and neurological illnesses such as depression in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In general, neuroimaging studies of depression in AD investigate whether depression is associated with damage to structures in specific neural networks involving frontal and subcortical structures or with functional disruption of cortical neural systems. This review provides an overview of how various imaging modalities have contributed to our understanding of the neurobiology of depression in AD. At present, the literature does not conclusively support any specific pathogenesis for depression, and it is not clear whether patients with AD and depression have histopathological and neurochemical characteristics that contribute to mood symptoms that are different from cognitively intact individuals with depression. Neuroimaging studies suggest that atrophy of temporal or frontal structures, white matter lesions in frontal lobe or subcortical systems, reduced activity in dorsolateral frontal cortex, or small vessel cerebrovascular disease may be associated with depression in AD. Conceptual, clinical, and methodological challenges in studying this relationship are discussed. Further work is needed to understand the specific brain structures, relevant white matter tracts, and interactions among them that are most important. This review concludes with potential directions for future research.
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HENDRY, S. H. C. „A Neurochemically Distinct Third Channel in the Macaque Lateral Geniculate Nucleus“. In Thalamic Networks for Relay and Modulation, 251–65. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-042274-9.50027-4.
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Roever, Paul, Khalid B. Mirza, Konstantin Nikolic und Christofer Toumazou. „A Convolutional Neural Network for Classification of Nerve Activity Based on Action Potential Induced Neurochemical Signatures“. In 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas45731.2020.9180734.
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