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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Neutrality-based companie“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Neutrality-based companie"
1
Deng, Jing, Yun Zhang, Xiaoyun Xing und Cheng Liu. „Can Carbon Neutrality Commitment Contribute to the Sustainable Development of China’s New Energy Companies?“ Sustainability 14, Nr. 18 (09.09.2022): 11308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811308.
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Developing new energy is one of the most important measures to implement global carbon neutrality. Under the constraints of carbon emission reduction, the question of how to achieve the sustainable development of new energy enterprises has become an important issue among managers and investors. This study selects Chinese listed companies in the new energy industry as the research sample, employs the DID method and uses panel data to explore the role of carbon neutrality commitment in the sustainable growth of new energy companies. The results show that the carbon neutrality commitment has greatly improved the sustainable development of Chinese new energy companies, with the internal profitability and external investor sentiment of the enterprises being important mediating variables. Moreover, the effect of the carbon neutrality commitment on the sustainable growth of non-state-owned new energy firms is much more significant compared with that of state-owned enterprises, and the effect is more robust in the east than in the central and western regions. Based on the conclusions, this study provides practical implications for managers, investors and policymakers in order to promote the sustainable growth of new energy firms.
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Yang, Xi. „How Should Oil Companies and New Energy Companies Compete and Cooperate in the Context of Carbon Neutralization? A Strategy Analysis Approach Based on Cooperative Game Theory“. Modern Economics & Management Forum 3, Nr. 2 (06.05.2022): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/memf.v3i2.785.
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The promulgation of "carbon neutrality" target has brought new impetus to the development of new energy enterprises, and also brought challenges to the development of traditional oil enterprises. The analysis of competition and cooperation between new energy enterprises and petroleum enterprises is of great significance to the optimization of energy structure. Based on this motivation, this paper establishes a game model to analyze the development strategy decision of oil enterprises and new energy industry, and constructs a cooperation–competition game model for new energy enterprises and oil enterprises under the government premise of supporting the development of new energy products. According to dynamics analysis of model parameters, the stability conditions of equilibrium points are obtained. Based on the analysis of evolutionary stable states, it is concluded that oil enterprises and new energy enterprises should chose the development strategy of cooperating with each other under the effect of "carbon neutrality" target.
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Kervola, Henri, Erika Kallionpää und Heikki Liimatainen. „Delivering Goods Using a Baby Pram: The Sustainability of Last-Mile Logistics Business Models“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 21 (28.10.2022): 14031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114031.
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This study compares the differences in the attitudes of last-mile delivery companies operating with different business models toward economic, environmental, and social sustainability. The economic perspective focuses on productivity, the environment, and social sustainability, and where the environment and social sustainability are concerned, on carbon neutrality goals and means, and on what societal factors companies consider important, respectively. In this multi-case qualitative study, a literature review was carried out and 11 semi-structured expert interviews were conducted in companies representing three business model categories: crowdshipping companies, last-mile providers, and traditional logistics service providers. Based on this study, crowdshipping and last-mile companies were largely loss making, whereas logistics service providers were profitable. The first two groups invest heavily in growth, which explains the loss. All logistics service providers, half of the last-mile providers, and no crowdshipping companies set a carbon neutrality target. The biggest difference in environmental measures comes from the fact that in the crowdshipping business model deliveries are performed partly in conjunction with other travel, emphasizing job creation in society and freedom of work. In contrast, the last-mile and traditional logistics companies emphasized the responsibilities of the employer. For the scientific community, this study provides new insights into the subject from the perspective of different business models. For management, this research provides insight into the views of other companies that can be utilized in future decision making. For example, if the legislation of crowdshipping becomes clearer, then traditional companies could consider using it in their own operations to overcome labor shortages.
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Oommen, Koshy P., Sijin Kurian und Dr Justin Joy. „Carbon Dioxide Neutralization Across the Global Supply Chain“. ECS Transactions 107, Nr. 1 (24.04.2022): 12131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.12131ecst.
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The increased impacts of climatic change and global warming has led many organizations to adopt green initiatives in several areas of their business processes. Many multinational companies are moving towards reduction of carbon emission across its various operations. Carbon neutrality is the process where steps are taken to achieve net zero carbon dioxide emissions. This article proposes measures to achieve carbon neutrality across the supply chain globally. As part of its sustainability initiative, organizations have decided to reduce carbon consumption across their plants. This calls for estimation of carbon dioxide emissions and reducing the carbon footprint in the entire supply chain process. It also involves gauging greenhouse CO2 emissions during the transportation process for all TMC regions and transportation models used by various companies. The main calculations include total CO2 emissions, CO2 emissions per ton of goods transported, CO2 emissions per transport Km. These calculations are done based on factors such as full truck load, less truck load, sea mode of transportation, and air mode of transportation. An analysis is performed on the resulting calculation figures for different modes of transportation such as road, air, and sea. The analysis shows that there is an increase in overall CO2 for air mode of transportation. The least increase in overall Co2 is sea mode of transportation. Through this analysis, it helps the company to take better decisions regarding the mode of transportation that they need to adopt to achieve carbon neutrality.
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Briguet, Julien. „The States Invisible Hand: Chinese SOEs Facing EU Antitrust Law“. Journal of World Trade 52, Issue 5 (01.10.2018): 839–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2018036.
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We argue that the European Commission (EC) case law on mergers involving Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) suffers from several flaws. First, it is inconsistent with the set of criteria initially set out in the EC case law for SOEs. Secondly, the EC’s assessment is based on an ownership bias that ignores the institutional environment in which Chinese SOEs operate. Third, it violates the basic legal rationale to maintain and ensure competitive neutrality between private and public companies in merger review. We argue in favour of a more systematic application of the single entity theory to restore the consistency of the case law. This appears a necessity in the case of Chinese investments in the EU. Indeed, due to its broad influence over its economy and its financial system, Chinese SOEs may enjoy an exorbitant privilege that could jeopardize the principle of competitive neutrality at the core of EU competition law. One should recognize that the antitrust law is a point of tension between the Western understanding of corporate law and the Chinese state capitalism based on a radically different institutional environment. A more consequential implementation of the principle of competitive neutrality is necessary to take into account this institutional environment.
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Memeti, Nora, und Agata Jurkowska-Gomulka. „SOEs, Foreign Investments & Competition: A View from the Gulf States“. World Competition 44, Issue 4 (01.12.2021): 507–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2021027.
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State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) directly compete with private companies, including foreign investors. The scope of applicability of competition law towards SOEs constitutes one of the key features of national competition protection regimes. Two approaches (models) can be identified in this area: the equality approach (competition law applied in the same manner towards the public and the private sector; the model is based on the neutrality principle); and the differentiation approach (excluding fully the application of competition law on SOEs). The second model is usually justified by important social and economic goals, mainly by a necessity to provide highquality public services. However, the differentiation model may negatively affect both domestic competition and the investment atmosphere. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries adopted competition laws that generally put SOEs and the public sector in a broader sense out of scrutiny of competition law regime. The paper aims to check what reasons lie behind a rejection of the neutrality principle in GCC’s competition laws, specifically if competition protection regimes are patterned on antitrust laws from liberal economies. By identifying how the differentiation approach to addressees of competition laws is reflected at a legislative or practical level in most GCC’s countries, the article tends to assess the impact of national competition laws on Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) in the Gulf region. competition law, Gulf States, neutrality principle, State-owned enterprises, foreign investments, national champions
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Kim, Jong Woo. „A Comparative Law Study of the Committee for Carbon Neutrality in Korea and the UK* 이 논문 또는 저서는 2021년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임 (NRF-2021S1A5B5A17058688)“. Korean Public Land Law Association 100 (30.11.2022): 533–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30933/kpllr.2022.100.533.
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Disasters caused by the climate crisis continue around the world. Record-breaking heatwaves and floods continue in Korea, and the scale of damage is gradually increasing. In order to respond to the climate crisis, the world is striving to achieve carbon neutrality, and Korea is one of the target countries. Because carbon neutrality is not just a recommendation, but an obligation to be legalized and followed by domestic law, countries around the world are enacting carbon neutrality laws to respond to the climate crisis. The UK is a country that has legislated greenhouse gas reduction targets to respond to the climate crisis early. In the United Kingdom, the people, private companies, organizations, and the country have come together to deal with disasters caused by the climate crisis and to respond to it, and have proceeded with various policies and legislation to respond to the climate crisis. Afterwards, the Climate Change Committee was established based on the 「Climate Change Act」 to promote policies to respond to the climate crisis. The Climate Change Commission maintains political neutrality and consistently promotes climate policies, gaining a lot of trust from the government and the public as an institution specializing in responding to the climate crisis. Korea also introduced various climate crisis response policies from the UK, one of which is the UK Climate Change Commission. Korea has established the ‘2050 Carbon Neutral Green Growth Committee’ modeled on the UK’s Climate Change Committee to play a role as a central organization in Korea’s climate crisis response policy. However, unlike the United Kingdom, where the Climate Change Committee was established early, there are some points for improvement in Korea because the system for achieving the goal of carbon neutrality was introduced not long ago. Therefore, we would like to analyze the UK's Climate Change Committee and discuss the improvement plans of Korea's 2050 Carbon Neutral Green Growth Committee, which will play a central role in responding to the climate crisis in the future.
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Kim, Jong Woo. „A Comparative Law Study of the Committee for Carbon Neutrality in Korea and the UK* 이 논문 또는 저서는 2021년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임 (NRF-2021S1A5B5A17058688)“. Korean Public Land Law Association 100 (30.11.2022): 533–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30933/kpllr.2022.100.533.
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Disasters caused by the climate crisis continue around the world. Record-breaking heatwaves and floods continue in Korea, and the scale of damage is gradually increasing. In order to respond to the climate crisis, the world is striving to achieve carbon neutrality, and Korea is one of the target countries. Because carbon neutrality is not just a recommendation, but an obligation to be legalized and followed by domestic law, countries around the world are enacting carbon neutrality laws to respond to the climate crisis. The UK is a country that has legislated greenhouse gas reduction targets to respond to the climate crisis early. In the United Kingdom, the people, private companies, organizations, and the country have come together to deal with disasters caused by the climate crisis and to respond to it, and have proceeded with various policies and legislation to respond to the climate crisis. Afterwards, the Climate Change Committee was established based on the 「Climate Change Act」 to promote policies to respond to the climate crisis. The Climate Change Commission maintains political neutrality and consistently promotes climate policies, gaining a lot of trust from the government and the public as an institution specializing in responding to the climate crisis. Korea also introduced various climate crisis response policies from the UK, one of which is the UK Climate Change Commission. Korea has established the ‘2050 Carbon Neutral Green Growth Committee’ modeled on the UK’s Climate Change Committee to play a role as a central organization in Korea’s climate crisis response policy. However, unlike the United Kingdom, where the Climate Change Committee was established early, there are some points for improvement in Korea because the system for achieving the goal of carbon neutrality was introduced not long ago. Therefore, we would like to analyze the UK's Climate Change Committee and discuss the improvement plans of Korea's 2050 Carbon Neutral Green Growth Committee, which will play a central role in responding to the climate crisis in the future.
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Wang, Dan, und Juheng Yang. „Carbon Neutrality Strategies for Chinese International Oil Company Based on the Rapid Development of Global Carbon Market“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 18 (09.09.2022): 11350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811350.
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A comprehensive solution for the Chinese international oil company to achieve carbon neutrality, through participation in the global carbon market, is developed. In this work, the overall landscape and operation mechanism of global carbon market is clearly and systematically illustrated by comparing the characteristics of the cap-and-trade system and the carbon tax. The feasibility of developing a global liquidity carbon market is pointed out by finding the connections among compulsory and voluntary carbon markets around the world. Based on the profound understanding of global carbon market, three levels of carbon trading strategies are proposed to help Chinese oil companies reduce emission cost: (1) Develop low carbon projects and trade in one jurisdiction; (2) develop low carbon projects and trade in different jurisdictions; and (3) trade carbon credits or allowance with physical commodities. Three decision-making methods are provided, respectively, for the above three levels of carbon trading strategies by introducing a shadow pricing model for carbon emission rights.
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Huang, Birong, Zilong Wang und Yuan Gu. „ESG Investment Scale Allocation of China’s Power Grid Company Using System Dynamics Simulation Modeling“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, Nr. 4 (18.02.2023): 3643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043643.
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In recent years, with the global recognition of the concept of sustainable development, the international market attaches great importance to the Environment, Society, and Governance (ESG) investment performance of enterprises. The “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goal puts forward requirements for Chinese enterprises to carry out ESG investment. As a large state-owned enterprise in China, power grid companies need to take the lead in ESG investment. Based on the System Dynamics (SD) theory, this paper establishes the simulation model of ESG-responsible investment of power grid companies, including the environmental investment sub-module, social investment sub-module, and governance investment sub-module. Taking a provincial Power Grid Company as an example, the numerical simulation of ESG investment of power grid companies is carried out. The actual input-output efficiency of ESG investment of power grid companies is reflected through the mapping relationship between key indicators and investment amount, and the ESG investment scale and investment weight of the Power Company in the coming years are predicted. Compared with the traditional static analysis method, this model can provide a theoretical basis for power grid companies to carry out ESG investment decisions.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Neutrality-based companie"
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Corsalini, Matteo. „Church and Business Autonomy in The Secular Economy: A Comparative Study on Corporate Law and Religion“. Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1170945.
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This thesis explores the intersection between business and religion from a legal perspective. Initial discussions take their cue from classical law and religion scholarship on the rights of autonomy and self-direction of ecclesiastical entities to organise their internal religious affairs. As a general matter, religious internal affairs include areas that range from the self-determination to carry out worship services and religious teachings as from the right to settle property disputes, or appoint spiritually qualified ministers without intrusion by state interference. Seen it this way, these scholarly debates have assessed and explained that there are some areas of ecclesiastical governance that the law recognises to be the sole business of churches, and not of governments.
In light of this, to think of the relation between religion and ‘business’ in a legal sense, this thesis argues, is first of all to think of the role of religious freedom in preserving a zone of legal autonomy where ecclesiastical entities can freely express their option of a religious way of life. This is what scholars on both sides of the Atlantic call ‘corporate religious freedom’. At any rate, and church autonomy apart, the term ‘corporate’ might bear several other legal meanings that keep the content of the institutional dimension of religious freedom in flux. For instance, US legal doctrine has used this term to describe a recent trend where courts moved initially to protect churches and, from there, to recognising the religious freedom rights of another corporate entity: the for-profit company. What bears note here is that at the centre of this ‘corporate/business’ turn in law and religion are not so much church-affiliated entities as freestanding business enterprises that mix religion with an entirely profit-oriented governance structure and mindset.
It is against this background that a central aim for this thesis is to introduce an evolutionary pattern of corporate religious freedom. One in which, if this right was originally designed to maximise church autonomy in the organisation of religious affairs (read, business), it is now stretching beyond traditional houses of worship to maximise the business autonomy of commercial enterprises in secular commerce. In addition, this study asks, and attempts to answer, the difficult questions: is this ‘business turn’ in law and religion also emerging in Europe? And if so, what implications will this have on conventional legal understandings of ‘the religious’ and ‘the secular’ under European law?
Buchteile zum Thema "Neutrality-based companie"
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Corsalini, Matteo. „Neutrality-based companies“. In Business, Religion and the Law, 113–50. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003340829-6.
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2
Aydemir, Salih Berkan, und Tugba Kaya. „TOPSIS Method for Multi-Attribute Group Decision Making Based on Neutrality Aggregation Operator Under Single Valued Neutrosophic Environment: A Case Study of Airline Companies“. In Neutrosophic Operational Research, 471–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57197-9_22.
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3
Meisel, John B., und Timothy S. Sullivan. „Convergence of the Internet and Telecommunications“. In Networking and Telecommunications, 73–88. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-986-1.ch008.
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The local exchange telephone market is no longer considered to be a natural monopoly as a result of technological advancements. In particular, the power, versatility, and adaptability of digital technology has enabled traditional telecommunications companies to transition their network architecture from one based on copper wires and circuit switches dedicated to the provision of high quality transmission of point-to-point voice signals to a multi-faceted, general network based on fiber optic cables and packet switches capable of providing an array of voice, data, and video services. A network layers model is introduced to conceptualize the process of convergence to the Internet model. Convergence is fundamentally changing the nature of what it means to be a telecommunications company and promises to alter the market structure of many voice, data, and video markets. Convergence has pitted wireline telecommunications companies in a fierce rivalry with cable companies for voice, data, and, increasingly, video services. More generally, this research provides a framework to explain the convergence of communications networks and identifies and analyzes key issues that confront public policymakers. One key competition issue, termed network neutrality, addresses the concern that the evolving broadband network architecture will enable network providers to favor the provider’s services or affiliated services at the expense of independent rivals.
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Yu, Poshan, Shucai Xu, Ziling Cheng und Michael Sampat. „Does the Development of New Energy Vehicles Promote Carbon Neutralization?“ In Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability, 109–31. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4829-8.ch006.
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This chapter aims to study whether and how current practices based on the development of new energy vehicles can help promote carbon neutrality in China and in turn contribute to the improvement of global issues related to climate change. Meanwhile, this chapter will explore the role of the government in promoting the development of new energy vehicles in the aspect of sustainable development through policies. How do these institutions promote the development of new energy vehicles in various companies and different provinces in China? How will these developments in turn affect stakeholders in various sectors? This chapter will investigate the impact of China's devotion to the field of new energy vehicles on the sustainable development and low-carbon economy issue. Cases from China will be used to illustrate the improvement the new energy vehicle will make to the low-carbon economy. This chapter will provide suggestions for the government to deal with the problems that occur in the field of new energy vehicles and solve the confronted problems in the aspect of climate change.
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Aaltio, Iiris. „Managerial Careers, Gender, and Information Technology Field“. In Human Computer Interaction, 2030–36. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-87828-991-9.ch133.
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Careers are organizational and institutional, and they have know-how-based contexts. Managerial careers from a gender perspective, gendered “blind spots” in organizations and the invisibility of women in management have been an object of study since the 1970s. Gender is a part of socially constructed individual identity. Gendered identities in organizations are defined and redefined in relationships as people become socially constructed through work groups, teams and interactions. Because of this social construction, femininity and masculinity grow into human behavior and outlook. Understanding gender as an activity and a term in the making (Calás & Smircich, 1996), it is a constitution of an activity, even when institutions appear to see woman and man as a stable distinction (Korvajärvi, 1998). Beyond work-life and organizations, there are multiple institutional and gendered structures. The information technology (IT) industry and companies are also an institutional construction with gendered dimensions, and they also participate on the creation of femininity and masculinity. Career can be seen as a conceptual artefact that reflects a culture and rhetorical context in its use. It is a kind of window to a network of values, institutions and functions, where actual careers are made. Usually, the formal organization is based on neutrality and equality, but a closer look reveals the deeper social structures that make it different to women and men. There is a concept of an abstract and neutral worker, and this worker is supposed to be highly competent, work-oriented and available, committed to work-life without any knit to private life. These characteristics support a good career climb in an organizational hierarchy, and many of these characteristics better suit men than women (Metcalfe & Altman, 2001). For instance, home responsibilities make often working hours less flexible for women than men. The notion of an essential person with no gender characteristics does not recognize these issues, whereas taking gender as a research topic shows that work-life as a context differs between women and men.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Neutrality-based companie"
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Auzina, Anita, Andra Zvirbule und Eliza Liga Lamberga. „ECO-INNOVATION AS A FACTOR IN THE COMPETITIVENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION COMPANIES“. In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s21.070.
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Climate change and global environmental challenges pose an existential threat to the world, including Europe. Dealing with the current climate and environmental challenges requires an urgent and ambitious response. The global challenges are also an opportunity for companies, especially those engaged in environmental protection, to innovate, as they both increase their competitiveness and export potential. The relevance of the research problem is additionally supported by the fact that the European Union is committed to achieving climate neutrality by 2050 and fulfilling its obligations under the Paris Climate Agreement as well as making the implementation of the European Green Deal an obligation for each EU Member State. Accordingly, identify the role of eco-innovation in the competitiveness of companies based on the guidelines of the European Green Deal. The research employed the following methods to achieve the aim: case study, PEST analysis, expert analysis methods. Information sources used: specific economic literature, published research papers, scientific conference proceedings from databases: EBSCO, ScienceDirect and Scopus, as well as the European Union�s legal acts and directives, statistical data from Eurostat, European Innovation Scoreboard reports and World Economic Forum competitiveness reports.
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Soliman, Mohamed Ahmed. „Beyond Zero Flaring & Monetization Strategies in Global Circular Carbon Economy“. In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31910-ms.
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Abstract As of January 2022, and directly after the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP26, the total number of countries announced their pledges to net zero emission or carbon neutrality reached 136 countries. Also, 24 major cities and 683 major companies announced their pledges to achieve net zero emissions or carbon neutrality. Gas flaring is one of the major contributors to global warming that can be tackled through the strategic design of new facilities or deployment of new technologies to minimize the flaring. The World Bank reported in July 2020 that the satellite data shows global gas flaring in 2019 increased to levels last seen in 2009 to 150 billion cubic meters (BCM) compared to 145 BCM in 2018 as shown in Figure 1. For the last 30 years, the total global flaring is hovering around 150 billion cubic meters per year with no sign of slowing down. Gas flaring is not only a major global polluter but also wastes scarce hydrocarbon resources that can be utilized in reducing the global gas emissions by replacing liquid hydrocarbon or coal in power generation. The approximate value of the global flared gas is equivalent to 900 million barrel of crude oil per year assuming gas heating value of 1050 btu/scf which represent about 2.5% of the global oil production. Figure 1Global Gas Flaring as of 20200 This paper presents in detail different innovative and proven methodologies for eliminating, reducing or monetizing the global gas flaring to meet each company and country commitments to net zero emissions or carbon neutrality. Achieving zero flaring for any industrial facilities starts before the project design by setting the different strategies to minimize the flaring during the life time of the project. Early adoption of different technologies like low leakage valves, ultrasonic flowmeters at strategic plant locations, flowback flared gas to existing low pressure compressors, installing flare gas recovery and direct onsite utilization of flared gas energy. Different strategies will be discussed to achieve zero flaring during project design and operations as well as upgrades to existing facilities. Zero flaring strategies depend on three main pillars; Reduce, Recycle, Reuse. The primary reasons for gas flaring at the plant level are equipment failure, process upsets, purge and pilot gas, valve leakage, equipment maintenance, startup or shutdown activities and finally emergency gas flaring. To further minimize gas flaring during emergencies, a new flare gas recovery system (FGRS) was developed and patents were filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The objective of the invention is to eliminate the hydrocarbon gas flaring to atmosphere for any upset scenario for any oil and gas plants. The invention includes utilizing multiple ejectors in parallel with provision of different ejectors operating at different pressures that will allow the system to be used to recover flare gas over a range of different flow rates corresponding to different emergency release scenarios. The ejector based FGRS was granted under U.S. Patent No. 10,429,067 in October 2019 to utilize the ejector based FGRS concept for emergency flare gas recovery. Also, two new patents are under filing to utilize the liquid as motive fluid instead of the gas. Finally, many technology providers and startups are currently working on overcoming the challenges of monetizing the flare gas. These companies are using the Insitu monetization techniques to overcome the challenges of flare gas such as scattered availability in remote locations with small quantities. Some of the solutions include converting the gas to power for Insitu use in Bitcoin mining or Insitu conversion to chemicals and petroleum products for easy transportation.
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Soliman, Mohamed Ahmed. „Beyond Zero Flaring & Monetization Strategies in Global Circular Carbon Economy“. In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31910-ms.
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Abstract As of January 2022, and directly after the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP26, the total number of countries announced their pledges to net zero emission or carbon neutrality reached 136 countries. Also, 24 major cities and 683 major companies announced their pledges to achieve net zero emissions or carbon neutrality. Gas flaring is one of the major contributors to global warming that can be tackled through the strategic design of new facilities or deployment of new technologies to minimize the flaring. The World Bank reported in July 2020 that the satellite data shows global gas flaring in 2019 increased to levels last seen in 2009 to 150 billion cubic meters (BCM) compared to 145 BCM in 2018 as shown in Figure 1. For the last 30 years, the total global flaring is hovering around 150 billion cubic meters per year with no sign of slowing down. Gas flaring is not only a major global polluter but also wastes scarce hydrocarbon resources that can be utilized in reducing the global gas emissions by replacing liquid hydrocarbon or coal in power generation. The approximate value of the global flared gas is equivalent to 900 million barrel of crude oil per year assuming gas heating value of 1050 btu/scf which represent about 2.5% of the global oil production. Figure 1Global Gas Flaring as of 20200 This paper presents in detail different innovative and proven methodologies for eliminating, reducing or monetizing the global gas flaring to meet each company and country commitments to net zero emissions or carbon neutrality. Achieving zero flaring for any industrial facilities starts before the project design by setting the different strategies to minimize the flaring during the life time of the project. Early adoption of different technologies like low leakage valves, ultrasonic flowmeters at strategic plant locations, flowback flared gas to existing low pressure compressors, installing flare gas recovery and direct onsite utilization of flared gas energy. Different strategies will be discussed to achieve zero flaring during project design and operations as well as upgrades to existing facilities. Zero flaring strategies depend on three main pillars; Reduce, Recycle, Reuse. The primary reasons for gas flaring at the plant level are equipment failure, process upsets, purge and pilot gas, valve leakage, equipment maintenance, startup or shutdown activities and finally emergency gas flaring. To further minimize gas flaring during emergencies, a new flare gas recovery system (FGRS) was developed and patents were filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The objective of the invention is to eliminate the hydrocarbon gas flaring to atmosphere for any upset scenario for any oil and gas plants. The invention includes utilizing multiple ejectors in parallel with provision of different ejectors operating at different pressures that will allow the system to be used to recover flare gas over a range of different flow rates corresponding to different emergency release scenarios. The ejector based FGRS was granted under U.S. Patent No. 10,429,067 in October 2019 to utilize the ejector based FGRS concept for emergency flare gas recovery. Also, two new patents are under filing to utilize the liquid as motive fluid instead of the gas. Finally, many technology providers and startups are currently working on overcoming the challenges of monetizing the flare gas. These companies are using the Insitu monetization techniques to overcome the challenges of flare gas such as scattered availability in remote locations with small quantities. Some of the solutions include converting the gas to power for Insitu use in Bitcoin mining or Insitu conversion to chemicals and petroleum products for easy transportation.
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Dahanayake, Anushanka, Gayashika Fernando und Migara Liyanage. „Assessment of Nationally Determined Contributions of Sri Lankan Power Sector“. In The SLIIT International Conference on Engineering and Technology 2022. Faculty of Engineering, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/wntn3562.
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The nationally determined contributions (NDCs) aim to attend long-term temperature goals, which have been imposed by the Paris agreement to strengthen climate change efforts. Fossil fuel is the major energy source in power generation in Sri Lanka, contributing 67% of total input energies. Sri Lanka is intended to achieve 70% renewable energy in the power sector by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality in the power sector by 2050 through its NDCs. This study analysed the NDCs in the Sri Lankan power sector. The study was carried out through Asia-Pacific Integrated Assessment Model (AIM/End-use), a recursive dynamic least-cost optimisation framework based on bottom-up modelling principles. The Sri Lankan Power sector has been categorised into a few sectors based on the fuels used in power generation. It mainly considers thermal coal, thermal oil, and hydro. It will also consider all the existing power generation technologies, committed technologies and technologies identified as candidates. A business-as-usual scenario (BAU) and three alternatives NDC were considered in this study. These NDCs include enhancing renewable energy by adding 3867 MW, converting existing fuel oil-based combined cycle power plants to natural gas and establishing new natural gas plants, and improving the efficiency of transmission and distribution network (lost reduction 0.5% compared with BAU by 2030). The study analysed the output data and confirmed the feasibility of meeting GHG emission reduction targets through consideration of selected NDCs in the time span of 2020-2030. The GHG emissions from the BAU scenario and three countermeasure scenarios were analysed in 2015-2050. The input primary energy supply was determined to compare the variation in energy with the effect of NDCs. KEYWORDS: Power Sector, Nationally Determined Contributions, Sri Lanka, AIM/Enduse, CO2 Mitigation.
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Chudnovsky, B., I. Chatskiy und A. Lazebnikov. „Evaluation of Gas Turbine Combustors Running on Renewable Fuels Produced From Carbon Dioxide Aimed for Greenhouse Emission Reduction“. In ASME 2021 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2021-60860.
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Abstract Over the past decades there has been a dramatic increase in natural gas burning as the benign fossil fuel, offering far lower emissions than oil or coal. Its place had been established in a clean, or at least, cleaner energy future. Today, the national and international energy policy has been shifted to carbon neutrality — achieving net zero carbon emissions — and as result has moved natural gas from the “benign” to the “menace” category At present, there are chiefly two alternatives for fuel carbon neutrality under discussion: power-to-gas (PtG) producing methane (or synthetic natural gas, SNG, hydrogen etc.) and power-to-liquid, which stores electric power in the form of methanol. In opposite to other synthetic or fossil fuels, like synthetic methane, NG or hydrogen, methanol burning leads to significant reductions in emissions of nitrogen oxides without any substantial firing system design change. Burning of synthetic methane or hydrogen requires significant effort for NOx reduction. Hydrogen as a fuel offers many advantages in power production. It is a carbon-free fuel that can decarbonize power and heat generation, and transportation, to help meet long-term CO2 emission-reduction targets. However, things are different for NOx emissions are a different matter. The more hydrogen is added to a NG, the higher the NOx is anticipated. Dry Low NOx (DLN) combustor has traditionally mixed NG with sufficient air upstream the combustor, so burning can take place in a lean atmosphere to maintain a relatively cool flame and thus keep NOx down. That approach does not work so well when more hydrogen enters the picture due to auto ignition occurring in the premix zone. Some companies already have diffusion-type combustor technology where fuel and air are supplied separately. Combustion of hydrogen, specifically in diffusion mode, implies combustion with a hotter flame, leading to higher combustion temperatures and the formation of local hot spots. These, in turn, can cause NOx to increase. The generalized solution is to cool the flame using diluents, such as demineralized water, steam or nitrogen. However, reducing NOx, by dilution reduces efficiency compared to a DLN combustor. Another option of providing wide load range of GT operation, while maintaining low NOx emissions is fuel dilution with flue gas being recirculated from the exhaust (FGR - Flue gas recirculation). The present paper discusses the effect of burning renewable fuels produced from carbon dioxide and hydrogen which are being diluted with a flow of FGR on GT performance and emissions reduction in diffusion combustors. For the prediction of the combustion behavior a methodology that combines experimental work and computational simulations was used. Given the fact that due to the increase in renewable energy introduction into the grid, addition of renewable fuel-based energy produced from carbon dioxide becomes very significant. Hence, the development of enhanced firing systems burning synthetic clean fuels with low emissions is challenging and should be promoted. Using renewable fuels for energy supply would reduce the unfavorable impact of CO2 and allow meeting the targets established in the Kyoto and Paris Protocols.
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Finidori, Jean-Christophe JC. „How to Digitalize Green LNG and Value Carbon-Neutral LNG Cargos with Blockchain Technology and Digital Assets“. In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211792-ms.
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Abstract In this paper we present our Blockchain-based solution to digitalize green LNG (liquefied natural gas); how with our digital asset, we create the differentiated-product carbon-neutrality LNG, leveraging innovation carbon-neutral business models in the natural gas eco-system. We design digital twins to represent a certain volume of non-fungible gas. We track the digital twin of a molecule, tagged with metadata. The purpose of our technical development is to create a "digital asset" (DA); a virtual representation of a volume of LNG associated with a specific LNG cargo, reflecting specific green attributes. The DA can be split into phases, corresponding to LNG supply chain steps, to represent a specific volume of GHG emitted. Our model incorporates the possibility for LNG stakeholders to offset and compensate GHG emitted they are directly/indirectly responsible for and/or accountable for. Additionally, LNG Stakeholders can interact on a specific volume (parceled), differentiating the same molecules of gas (fungible) with specific green attributes (non-fungible). We developed innovative digital assets’ features: – Fractionable (dividable digital asset, for a specific volume of LNG); – Transferable (change of ownership, for traceability along all value chain); – Transactional & Valuable (a Premium offers with evidence of low emission); and, Stackable (rewards mechanisms). This permits to provide a life-time value oriented service in a dynamic multi-actors model, to incentivize sustainable LNG with a premium, and value non-tangible assets. Lastly, we programmed a redistribution mechanism, governed by smart contracts, to transfer collected fees (value pool) to local communities, triggering positive impacts; contributing to UN SDGs achievement. Our Blockchain solution aims to establish a single origin of truth to provide LNG buyers and sellers with a decentralized interoperable view of carbon-neutral LNG cargoes; offering new capabilities to tackle issues LNG players are dealing with: clear delineation, silos approach (vs. collaborative), authoritative single source of information, data transparency, identified legitimate users, added-value generation; premium (attached / detached) in case of re-export, co-purchasing, borrowing & lending; and attribution of benefits of auditable emission intensities, including to big industrial gas consumers. LNG players can help entities meet their net-zero commitments by sourcing green LNG; supporting companies for their green/carbon neutral initiatives throughout the whole supply chain.
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Salminen, Vesa, Heikki Ruohomaa und Minna Takala. „Future Ecosystem Ensuring Competitiveness in Continuous Co-Evolution“. In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002245.
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The world is changing rapidly, and it is difficult to form clear understanding of future challenges and opportunities. Continuous demand on sustainability, carbon neutrality, circular economy and life cycle material chain management has changed societies and all industries fast. However, sustainable development and competitiveness are always based on being economically viable and circular economy itself is an economic theory. The amount of usable data in business environment is at the same time exponentially increasing. Technology opportunities as well are prominent to use the data in managing by data for the purpose of business co-evolution. Competitive landscape is shifting from well-defined industries to broader ecosystems and traditional enterprise boundaries are breaking down. This also means for busines transition towards platform economy e.g. enterprise production lines to networked intelligent value chains and ecosystems. Companies need in this disruptive situation an ecosystem strategy and analysis, which type of business model they are utilizing. Businesses are networking and transforming into ecosystems, emphasizing the management of interface processes. It is essential to understand digital ecosystem supporting business co-evolution. Data is a valuable currency that gives fuel for innovation and data driven co-evolution. Capturing of new data from various sources and executing it in business in transition requires human- oriented data-driven business architecture and strategy alignment on that basis towards circular economy business model and continuous coevolution. Circular economy ecosystems are based on economic theory, and they are not working if they are not economically viable. The goal of this article is to identify and analyze the life cycle material flow in circular economy in different business areas and find various business models and similarities in business practices. At the same time, this article attempts to develop framework for the strategic management of complex change through sustainable co-evolution in order to achieve a competitive edge for companies.This research is partly constructive, conceptual and analytical, because it introduces pathway to ecosystem strategy and introduces experiences of applying different evolutionary circular economy business models. Data for this concept creation has been collected over several years on continuous flow from ten different regional applied research and development projects. The data sources have also been interviews and workshops executed during projects on foresight and scenario planning basis. The researchers have been able to participate on creation of several regional ecosystems. Researchers have contributed on ecosystem strategy planning, decision making and continuous development practices.The complexity of co-evolution is difficult to manage without ecosystem- based approach. A generic perception of this research is that successful ecosystem needs clear ecosystem strategy and should set up a shared vision and evolutionary roadmap to serve as basis for common value creation, co- operation and ecosystem leadership. All ecosystem players can focus attention of ecosystems in the value propositions that are being pursued, not in corporate identity. It is important to understand that ecosystem is value driven. Ecosystems are defined around the roles, positions, and flows across the partners that create a value proposition. Nearly all business fields and enterprises face the need for transition towards data- driven circular economy business model and continuous coevolution through digital ecosystem.