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Thematische Bibliographien / On-site wastewater systems / Zeitschriftenartikel

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „On-site wastewater systems“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 20. Februar 2023

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1

Branz, S., J. Tolliver, and M. Brandt. "Community On-site Wastewater Systems." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2001, no. 11 (January 1, 2001): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864701790860010.

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2

Scandura, J. E., and M. D. Sobsey. "Viral and bacterial contamination of groundwater from on-site sewage treatment systems." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 11-12 (June 1, 1997): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0724.

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On-site septic tank-soil absorption systems treating domestic wastewater have contaminated groundwaters with enteric viruses and other pathogens and caused drinking waterborne outbreaks. The factors influencing pathogen transport, survival and fate at on-site wastewater treatment systems remain inadequately characterised. We studied the survival and transport of a model enterovirus (BE-1) and faecal coliform bacteria in four on-site wastewater treatment systems (three conventional and one low pressure, small pipe diameter, pumped system) located in sandy soils typical of the coastal plains. Se

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3

Hellström, Daniel, and Lena Jonsson. "Evaluation of small on‐site wastewater treatment systems." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 17, no. 6 (November 2006): 728–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777830610702548.

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4

Fastenau, Frits A., Jaap H. J. M. van der Graaf, and Gerard Martijnse. "Comparison of Various Systems for On-Site Wastewater Treatment." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1990): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0181.

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Diffuse pollution, caused by direct discharges from individual houses, small built-up nuclei, farms, camp-sites, etc., for which connection to central wastewater treatment systems is unfeasible, may be significantly reduced by on-site treatment. Based on a large scale research, including intensive field-research work on 14 systems of different types and sizes in a range equal to population equivalents (p.e) of 5 - 200 persons, 8 different types of system were compared. The comparison involved technological features, such as removal efficiency, reliability, operational and maintenance aspects,

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C. Roland Mote. "A Parallel Distribution Controller for On-Site Wastewater Systems." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 2, no. 2 (1986): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26724.

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6

McCray, John E., and Sara H. Christopherson. "On-Site Wastewater Systems and Interactions with the Environment." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 13, no. 8 (August 2008): 653–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(2008)13:8(653).

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7

Yamagata, H., M. Ogoshi, Y. Suzuki, M. Ozaki, and T. Asano. "On-site water recycling systems in Japan." Water Supply 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0020.

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Non-potable urban water reuse is Japan's main water reuse practice, which includes water for environmental uses, in-stream flow augmentation, toilet flushing, and industrial reuse. On-site water recycling systems reclaim wastewater on site as well as harvest rainwater in one or more large buildings and distributing the reclaimed water within the buildings for non-potable reuse. Based on our survey conducted in 1999 on current status of on-site water recycling systems in 23 wards of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government District, the following findings are reported in this paper: (1) on the average

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Whitehead, J. H., and A. Leventhal. "On-site wastewater management system design and landslide risk assessment." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 10 (May 1, 2005): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0351.

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On-site wastewater management system design and performance is significant in assessing landslide risk in areas with potential for slope instability. Much of the development in Pittwater, NSW, local government area is on steep coastal land which has a history of slope instability. Concern over cases of poorly performing or failing on-site wastewater systems and the recognition that these and newly designed systems could be contributory to slope instability has been a factor in Pittwater Council, NSW, requiring that landslide risk assessment be undertaken for new and amended on-site wastewater

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Ho, G., S. Dallas, M. Anda, and K. Mathew. "On-site wastewater technologies in Australia." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 6 (September 1, 2001): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0346.

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Domestic wastewater reuse is currently not permitted anywhere in Australia but is widely supported by the community, promoted by researchers, and improvised by up to 20% of householders. Its widespread implementation will make an enormous contribution to the sustainability of water resources. Integrated with other strategies in the outdoor living environment of settlements in arid lands, great benefit will be derived. This paper describes six options for wastewater reuse under research by the Remote Area Developments Group (RADG) at Murdoch University and case studies are given where productiv

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Kuan, Wen-Hui, Ching-Yao Hu, Li-Wei Ke, and Jung-Ming Wu. "A Review of On-Site Carwash Wastewater Treatment." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 5764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105764.

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In recent years, people’s environmental awareness has increased. The high density of the urban population has caused a considerable increase in the demand for car washing services, which has created large quantities of car wash wastewater. The main pollutants in car wash wastewater are detergents, dirt, oil, and grease. Untreated wastewater released into rainwater sewer systems or other water bodies may pollute the water and generate excessive bubble foams, which negatively affects urban appearance. Car washes are divided into mechanical car washes and manual or self-service car washes. In gen

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Randall, C. W. "Changing needs for appropriate excreta disposal and small wastewater treatment methodologies or The future technology of small wastewater treatment systems." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2004): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0789.

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Recent developments will strongly influence the design and utilization of small wastewater treatment systems in the future, e.g. population increases in non-sewered rural areas and developing countries; increasing impairment of surface water quality; the construction of occupied high-rise buildings in metropolitan areas; the development of planned but somewhat isolated communities, growing shortages of water that mandate reuse of wastewaters. It is well known that there is a very strong linkage between wastewater disposal methods in rural areas and developing countries and the general health o

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Pundsack, Jonathan, Richard Axler, Randall Hicks, Jerald Henneck, Delwin Nordman, and Barbara McCarthy. "Seasonal Pathogen Removal by Alternative On-Site Wastewater Treatment Systems." Water Environment Research 73, no. 2 (March 2001): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143001x139182.

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13

Herrmann, Inga, Brenda Vidal, and Annelie Hedström. "Discharge of indicator bacteria from on-site wastewater treatment systems." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 91 (2017): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.21416.

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14

Weiss, Philipp, David Eveborn, Erik Kärrman, and Jon Petter Gustafsson. "Environmental systems analysis of four on-site wastewater treatment options." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 52, no. 10 (August 2008): 1153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.06.004.

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15

Ritter, W. F., and R. P. Eastburn. "A review of denitrification in on-site wastewater treatment systems." Environmental Pollution 51, no. 1 (1988): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(88)90238-2.

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16

Abdullah, H., A. Abusam, A. Mydlarczyk, A. Al-Dhafeeri, F. Al-Ajeel, A. Ali, M. Al-Jomaa, and R. Al-Yaseen. "Performance Evaluation of Commercial Package Systems Used in Kuwait for on-Site Treatment and Reuse of Domestic Wastewater." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 14, no. 1 (2023): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2023.14.1.1410.

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Kuwait’s wastewater management scheme consists of a huge centralized sewerage system that transports all wastewater generated for treatment at central municipal plants for wastewater treatment. However, there are a few remote sites that are still not connected to the public sewerage system. In such sites, on-site systems such as conventional septic tank or package systems are commonly used. This study assessed the performance of two package systems used in Kuwait for on-site wastewater treatment and reuse. Wastewater samples were collected weekly for five months from influent and effluent stre

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Huntsman, Brent E., Charles A. Staples, Carter G. Naylor, and Jim-Bob Williams. "Treatability of Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Surfactants in On-Site Wastewater Disposal Systems." Water Environment Research 78, no. 12 (November 2006): 2397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143005x72966.

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18

Williamson, Eric. "Cold Climate Performance Analysis of On-Site Domestic Wastewater Treatment Systems." Water Environment Research 82, no. 6 (June 2010): 512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143009x12529484815557.

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19

Kohler, Laura E., JoAnn Silverstein, and Balaji Rajagopalan. "Resilience of On-Site Wastewater Treatment Systems after Extreme Storm Event." Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment 6, no. 2 (May 2020): 04020008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jswbay.0000909.

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20

Dey, Ayanangshu, and Dennis D. Truax. "Evaluation of On-site Wastewater Disposal Systems in Mississippi Coastal Areas." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 223, no. 5 (November 9, 2011): 2145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-1011-6.

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21

Finch, S. D., D. E. Radcliffe, and L. T. West. "Modeling Trench Sidewall and Bottom Flow in On-Site Wastewater Systems." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 13, no. 8 (August 2008): 693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(2008)13:8(693).

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22

Joy, Douglas, Claude Weil, Anna Crolla, and Shelly Bonte-Gelok. "New technologies for on-site domestic and agricultural wastewater treatment." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, S1 (January 1, 2001): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-100.

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Recently publicized problems of water quality in rural parts of Canada are again bringing increasing attention to methods of dealing with wastewater in rural environments. This includes wastewater from both domestic (principally single-family homes) and agricultural sources. Previous practices which relied on dispersal with little treatment are increasingly unacceptable not only because of the recognition of the weakness of this approach but also because of the increasing intensification of land use in rural areas. Thus the need for additional and improved technologies for treating wastewater,

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Humphrey, C. P., M. A. O'Driscoll, and M. A. Zarate. "Controls on groundwater nitrogen contributions from on-site wastewater systems in coastal North Carolina." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 6 (September 1, 2010): 1448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.417.

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The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of soil type and separation distance to water table on dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations in groundwater adjacent to on-site wastewater systems. Groundwater nitrogen species (NO3−-N and NH4+-N) and groundwater levels adjacent to 16 on-site systems in three different soil groups (group I- sand, group II- coarse loams and group III -sandy clay loams) were monitored for 15 months (January 2007–March 2008) in coastal North Carolina. On-site systems in soil group I had the highest concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (median of

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Gunady, Maria, Natalia Shishkina, Henry Tan, and Clemencia Rodriguez. "A Review of On-Site Wastewater Treatment Systems in Western Australia from 1997 to 2011." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/716957.

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On-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) are widely used in Western Australia (WA) to treat and dispose of household wastewater in areas where centralized sewerage systems are unavailable. Septic tanks, aerobic treatment units (ATUs), and composting toilets with greywater systems are among the most well established and commonly used OWTS. However, there are concerns that some OWTS installed in WA are either performing below expected standards or failing. Poorly performing OWTS are often attributed to inadequate installation, inadequate maintenance, poor public awareness, insufficient local

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Fastenau, Frits A., Jaap H. J. M. van der Graaf, and Gerard Martijnse. "Bottlenecks in the Implementation of On-Site Wastewater Treatment Plants on a Large Scale in The Netherlands." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1990): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0214.

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More than 95 % of the total housing stock in the Netherlands is connected to central sewerage systems and in most cases the wastewater is treated biologically. As connection to central sewerage systems has reached its economic limits, interest in on-site treatment of the domestic wastewater of the remaining premises is increasing. A large scale research programme into on-site wastewater treatment up to population equivalents of 200 persons has therefore been initiated by the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment. Intensive field-research work did establish that the techn

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Jenssen, P. D., and R. L. Siegrist. "Technology Assessment of Wastewater Treatment by Soil Infiltration Systems." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1990): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0187.

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Infiltration of wastewater in buried soil infiltration systems has been promoted as a low cost, effective alternative for treatment and disposal of wastewater flows from commercial developments and small communities. Unlike many mechanical wastewater treatment systems, soil infiltration systems are subject to complex, far-reaching influences related to natural site conditions and the interaction of wastewater with a dynamic soil and ground water system. As a result, design and performance relationships are not always well defined and systems are often implemented based on local tradition and e

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Thoma, K., P. A. Baker, and E. B. Allender. "Design Methods for the Development of Wastewater Land Disposal Systems." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0020.

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Recent changes in legislation governing water quality management of receiving water bodies have led to a reappraisal of wastewater land disposal techniques. However, more stringent regulations have also necessitated the development of a multi-disciplinary planning approach, to ensure that land based wastewater disposal is functionally and environmentally sustainable in the long-term. Of principal concern are the long term impact of nutrients, salt and other potential contaminants on the soils of the receiving site and on downstream water quality. Assessment of hydrological, soil physical and g

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Patel, T., N. O'Luanaigh, and L. W. Gill. "The efficiency of gravity distribution devices for on-site wastewater treatment systems." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 2 (August 1, 2008): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.364.

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A detailed analysis of different types of gravity distribution devices, designed to split on-site wastewater effluent equally between percolation trenches, has been carried out both in the laboratory and also in the field under realistic loading conditions. Five different types of distribution device have been compared: a V-notch distribution box, stilling chamber box, T-splitters with and without baffles and tipping bucket device. The trials carried out in the laboratory with clean water showed that flow distribution for all devices was sensitive to both the off-level installation angles and

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Kohler, Laura E., JoAnn Silverstein, and Balaji Rajagopalan. "Modeling on-site wastewater treatment system performance fragility to hydroclimate stressors." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 12 (October 7, 2016): 2917–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.467.

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Increasing variability of climate-related factors, especially precipitation and temperature, poses special risks to on-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTS), which depend on subsurface saturation conditions for treatment and dispersion of wastewater. We assess OWTS fragility – the degree to which a system loses functionality – as a step to characterizing the resilience of residential wastewater treatment systems. We used the frequency and indexed severity of OWTS failures and resulting repairs to quantify fragility as a function of hydroclimate variables, including precipitation, temperatur

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HU, SHUNFU, and JIANPENG ZHOU. "DEVELOPING A GIS-BASED INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ON-SITE WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 18, no. 04 (June 2008): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194008003738.

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On-site wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs) collect, treat, and dispose wastewater from dwellings that are not connected to municipal wastewater collection and treatment systems. They serve about 25% of the total population in the United States from an estimated 26 million homes, businesses, and recreational facilities nationwide. There is currently no adequate coordinated information management system for on-site WWTFs. Given the increasing concern about environmental contamination and its effect on public health, it is necessary to provide a more adequate management tool for on-site WWTF

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Olivier, L., V. Dubois, Y. LeGat, and C. Boutin. "Statistical analysis of the effluent quality of 231 on-site sanitation facilities in France monitored during a 6-year period." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.252.

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Abstract On-site wastewater treatment systems are approved by the French regulation based on the results of platform tests following the European standard NF EN 12566-3. In addition to this approval for the treatment system, at least 90% of outlet concentrations have to be below 30 mg L−1 for total suspended solids (TSS) and 35 mg L−1 for biochemical oxygen demand. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effluent quality of these treatment systems on site, i.e. under real operating conditions, and to assess their performances. Between 2011 and 2016, 1,286 treated wastewater samples were taken

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Watanabe, T., K. Kuniyasu, and H. Ohmori. "Anaerobic and Aerobic Submerged Bio-Filter System for Small Scale On-Site Domestic Sewage Treatment." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0014.

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In order to prevent water pollution and satisfy the demands for flush toilets in regions where a public sewerage system has not been in service, some on-site small scale domestic wastewater treatment processes called GAPPEI JOHKASOU have been developed to treat black water and gray water together in an individual house. Prior to its technical development, the characteristics of wastewater discharged from individual houses should be measured. The possibility of application of anaerobic filter is examined for processing organic wastewater at low concentration like in domestic wastewater, and an

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Boguniewicz-Zablocka, Joanna, Iwona Klosok-Bazan, Andrea G. Capodaglio, and Joanna Ploskonka. "Planning the optimal solution for wastewater management in rural areas - case study." MATEC Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 01035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817401035.

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Water management and associated wastewater management is an inseparable element of life and development of modern societies. Collection and treatment of wastewater has a significant impact on the environment and economy, both at the local and global level. It is therefore necessary to proceed to activities that ensure proper wastewater management, especially in rural and low-density areas, where it is necessary to search for optimal solutions with regard to sewage systems, including wastewater treatment plants. One of the solution for wastewater treatment from houses without access to sewerage

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Mattila, H., E. Santala, and J. Aho. "Consumer managed co-operative - a solution for progressing wastewater management in rural areas." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2004): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0886.

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In Finland the question of appropriate wastewater treatment in rural areas has become very prominent during the last years. The new Environmental Protection Act stipulates that wastewaters must be treated to the extent that they cannot have a negative impact on nature. The Ministry of the Environment is currently preparing a decree specifying the requirements. The draft of the decree proposes that on-site treatment units should decrease the BOD load by 90, total phosphorus load by 85 and total nitrogen load by 40 per cent. To meet the new requirements, the old systems that include septic tanks

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Gibbons, Andrew, Kristofor R. Brye, Sam Dunn, Edward E. Gbur, Andrew N. Sharpley, and Wen Zhang. "Increased Effluent Dosage Effects on On-Site Wastewater Treatment Systems of Differing Architecture Type." Journal of Environmental Protection 06, no. 06 (2015): 651–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2015.66059.

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Penn, Roni, Manfred Schütze, Jens Alex, and Eran Friedler. "Impacts of onsite greywater reuse on wastewater systems." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 8 (February 6, 2017): 1862–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.057.

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Together with significant water savings that onsite greywater reuse (GWR) may provide, it may also affect the performance of urban sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In order to examine these effects, an integrated stochastic simulation system for GWR in urban areas was developed. The model includes stochastic generators of domestic wastewater streams and gross solids (GSs), a sewer network model which includes hydrodynamic simulation and a GS transport module, and a dynamic process model of the WWTP. The developed model was applied to a case study site in Israel. For the v

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Willers, H. C., X. N. Karamanlis, and D. D. Schulte. "Potential of closed water systems on dairy farms." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 5 (March 1, 1999): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0229.

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A more sustainable water management on dairy farms is necessary because of rising tap water production costs and exhaustion of groundwater resources in an increasing number of areas. Alternative water sources like rain water collected from roofs and yards and effluents from on-site wastewater treatment should be considered. The objective of this paper is to discuss options for closed water systems on dairy farms. Animal drinking and cleaning of milking equipment are major water demands on dairy farms. In some regions large volumes are needed for grassland irrigation or manure flushing. Treatme

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Gill, Laurence, Bruce Misstear, Paul Johnston, Niall O’Luanaigh, H. Barthelemy, and S. W. Dean. "Natural Attenuation of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in On-Site Domestic Wastewater Treatment Systems." Journal of ASTM International 6, no. 3 (2009): 102170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai102170.

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Sélas, B., A. Lakel, Y. Andres, and P. Le Cloirec. "Wastewater reuse in on-site wastewater treatment: bacteria and virus movement in unsaturated flow through sand filter." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0016.

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In on-site wastewater treatment plants, effluents are pre-treated by septic tank and treated by soil infiltration or sand filtration systems, with unsaturated flow conditions. These systems remove efficiently carbon, nitrogen and suspended solids. But for microbial pollution, the treatment efficiency depends on the hydrodynamic behaviour and filtering media characteristics. Contamination of superficial water and groundwater due to pathogenic viruses and pathogenic bacteria is responsible for many diseases. The objective of this study is to approach the mechanisms and operating conditions to co

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Johannessen, Erik, Arild Schanke Eikum, and Tore Krogstad. "Evaluation of sampling methods for monitoring effluent phosphorus for on-site wastewater treatment systems." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 11 (June 1, 2012): 2049–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.107.

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More than 1,600 prefabricated on-site wastewater treatment plants are in operation in the Morsa watershed in Norway. As of 2010 a monitoring program on the performance of these plants is in effect. Sampling methods for wastewater treatment plants is discussed, and different methods are compared. The study includes six different plant models, of which all are prefabricated package plants. The parameters investigated were total phosphorus (Tot-P), orthophosphate (PO4-P) and suspended solids (SS). Diurnal curves showed no apparent repetitive variation over 24 h intervals, indicating good equaliza

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Levett, K. J., J. L. Vanderzalm, D. W. Page, and P. J. Dillon. "Factors affecting the performance and risks to human health of on-site wastewater treatment systems." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 7 (October 1, 2010): 1499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.434.

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Aerobic wastewater treatment systems (aerobic systems) are the preferred choice in a region overlying a karstic aquifer used for drinking water supplies, as they are thought to provide better protection to groundwater and human health than standard septic systems. However, aerobic systems in operation do not always perform to design standard; while this is often blamed on lack of maintenance, few studies have investigated the link directly. This study investigates the performance of domestic on-site wastewater treatment systems in South Australia, and compares effluent quality to maintenance r

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Pundsack, J. W., R. E. Hicks, and R. P. Axler. "Effect of alternative on-site wastewater treatment on the viability and culturability of Salmonella choleraesuis." Journal of Water and Health 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2005.0001.

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The objective of this study was to determine how alternative on-site wastewater treatment systems (i.e. subsurface flow constructed wetlands, intermittent sand filters and intermittent peat filters) affect the viability and culturability of Salmonella choleraesuis (serotype typhimurium, ATCC 23567). Influent was a high strength septic tank effluent (BOD5 240–344 mg L−1, TN ∼100 mg L−1, TP ∼ 15 mg L−1) at the Natural Resources Research Institute's (NRRI) alternative treatment system test facility in northern Minnesota. Treatment systems were inoculated with cultures of S. choleraesuis for 5–7 c

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Liljestrand, H. M., and S. M. Parten. "Design of On-Site Treatment Systems in Caliche Soils." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 10 (November 1, 1993): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0210.

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Caliche soils, weathered limestone soils of high calcium carbonate content and and low organic content, are common in regions with limestone sedimentary geology and arid to semi-arid climate. Currently, there are no standards other than hydraulic soil properties for the design and construction of on-site wastewater treatment systems in caliche soils. Experimental studies were performed to investigate biological transformation rates for organic carbon to inorganic carbon and organic nitrogen to nitrate, using four different caliche soils and the range of recommended hydraulic loading rates. The

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Talbot, Pierre, Ginette Bélanger, Martin Pelletier, Gilles Laliberté, and Yves Arcand. "Development of a biofilter using an organic medium for on-site wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 3-4 (August 1, 1996): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0461.

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In recent years, many authors identified peat-based systems as a very promising technology for on-site wastewater treatment. In that context, Premier Tech has been working, since 1988, on the development and commercialization of a peat-based biofilter suitable for on-site wastewater treatment. This research and development programme comprised three major phases: an experimental phase where one type of peat out of 21 was chosen to be used in biofilters; a second phase where two prototype biofilters were installed in the field and their performances followed for 5 years; and a third phase where

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Kärrman, E., Å. Erlandsson, D. Hellström, B. Björlenius, and P. Tidåker. "Centralised or decentralised sanitation in Swedish summerhouse areas in transition to permanent living?" Water Science and Technology 56, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.568.

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The standard of wastewater management is high in Sweden. Around 90% of the population is connected to central wastewater treatment plants with high requirements of nutrients removal; however, still the problem with algae blooms in the Baltic Sea exists. The aim of the VeVa project was to develop a simple and user-friendly Excel-based model to support environmental decisions of how to select wastewater systems for housing areas where no central sewer system exists. The VeVa model deals with two types of environmental issues: substance flow analysis and energy analysis. Six system structures wer

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Kazora, Amos Shyaka, and Khaldoon A. Mourad. "Assessing the Sustainability of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems in Rwanda." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2018): 4617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124617.

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Kigali city, the capital of Rwanda, relies on decentralized, on-site, wastewater systems due to the absence of central sewerage systems and the limited finances to construct sustainable sanitation infrastructures. However, the city has increasingly shown failures in managing these on-site systems either at individual or collective levels. This study aims at assessing the sustainability of the operated collective public semicentralized sewage systems in Kigali city. To fully cover the sustainability assessment of such collective systems, the methods used were field observation, questionnaires,

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Gray, S., and N. Booker. "Wastewater services for small communities." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0672.

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Connection to centralised regional sewage systems has been too expensive for small-dispersed communities, and these townships have traditionally been serviced by on-site septic tank systems. The conventional on-site system in Australia has consisted of an anaerobic holding tank followed by adsorption trenches. This technique relies heavily on the uptake of nutrients by plants for effective removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from the effluent, and is very seasonal in its efficiency. Hence, as these small communities have grown in size, the environmental effects of the septic tank discharges hav

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Tsuzuki, Yoshiaki, Thammarat Koottatep, Thitiphon Sinsupan, Supattra Jiawkok, Chira Wongburana, Suraphong Wattanachira, and Yuttachai Sarathai. "A concept for planning and management of on-site and centralised municipal wastewater treatment systems, a case study in Bangkok, Thailand. I: Pollutant discharge indicators and pollutant removal efficiency functions." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 9 (May 1, 2013): 1923–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.053.

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The concept of pollution load indicators for planning and management of the mixture conditions of centralised and on-site wastewater treatment systems has not been discussed in detail so far. In this paper, pollutant discharge (load) indicators and pollutant removal efficiencies were quantitatively analysed to develop a part of a strategy for planning and management of municipal wastewater treatment systems (WWTSs) under the mixture conditions in Bangkok, Thailand, as a case study. Pollutant discharge indicators of on-site WWTSs were estimated based on the relevant literature. Three kinds of p

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Gao, Qiuju, Kristin M. Blum, Pablo Gago-Ferrero, Karin Wiberg, Lutz Ahrens, and Patrik L. Andersson. "Impact of on-site wastewater infiltration systems on organic contaminants in groundwater and recipient waters." Science of The Total Environment 651 (February 2019): 1670–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.016.

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Dev, Aakash, Timo C. Dilly, Amin E. Bakhshipour, Ulrich Dittmer, and S. Murty Bhallamudi. "Optimal Implementation of Wastewater Reuse in Existing Sewerage Systems to Improve Resilience and Sustainability in Water Supply Systems." Water 13, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13152004.

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A transition from conventional centralized to hybrid decentralized systems has been increasingly advised recently due to their capability to enhance the resilience and sustainability of urban water supply systems. Reusing treated wastewater for non-potable purposes is a promising opportunity toward the aforementioned resolutions. In this study, we present two optimization models for integrating reusing systems into existing sewerage systems to bridge the supply–demand gap in an existing water supply system. In Model-1, the supply–demand gap is bridged by introducing on-site graywater treatment

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