Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „ONOFIC APPROACH“

Onodi cell mucoceles are rare entities that can cause devastating ocular complications if not treated promptly. Delays in the diagnosis are possible because of the wide range of differential diagnoses of unilateral retrobulbar optic neuropathy. We describe a new case of Onodi cell mucocele in a 39-year-old woman, and we present a comprehensive review of the literature on this entity. To the best of our knowledge, no review of Onodi cell mucoceles has been previously published. Our review found that 69% of patients with an Onodi cell mucocele experienced an improvement in vision after surgical decompression. The vast majority of these patients underwent endoscopic decompression; the timing of surgical decompression did not appear to affect outcomes in terms of vision. Onodi cell mucocele requires a high degree of clinical suspicion for diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach to management that involves primary care physicians, ophthalmologists, and otolaryngologists. Early surgical treatment via an endoscopic approach is recommended for most patients, regardless of the duration of their ophthalmologic signs and symptoms.

A closed-form expression for the N-loop contribution to the generating functional can be written down using the heat kernel [Formula: see text]. If [Formula: see text] where Aμ and V are functions of the background field, then by using quantum-mechanical techniques, this heat kernel can be expanded in powers of the background field, allowing one to compute Green's functions. We demonstrate that one can also employ to this end a distinct functional approach developed by Onofri, which circumvents both loop-momentum integrals and the quantum-mechanical path integral. We illustrate the technique by computing the two-point function in scalar electrodynamics to one-loop order.

Systematic development of a UHPLC method by QbD approach as performed for simultaneous determination of aglycone (genistein, daidzein, biochanin A and formononetin) and glycoside (genistin, daidzin, sissotrin, ononin) forms of isoflavones.

Objective. The Onodi cell is the posterior-most ethmoid air cell and an important anatomical variant because of the intimate spatial relationship with the optic nerve, internal carotid artery, and sellar floor during sphenoid sinus surgery. The authors evaluated the incidence of Onodi cells, their clinical importance, and the association between preoperative radiological findings and surgical findings. Study Design. Case series with chart review. Setting. Tertiary care medical center. Methods. The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 162 cases, including preoperative paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNS CT) findings and the findings with the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETSA). They evaluated the prevalence of Onodi cells and the clinical manifestations in the patients with these cells. They also examined the clinical significance of these cells during EETSA. Results. Onodi cells were identified in the preoperative PNS CT of 53 patients, whereas Onodi cells were observed in 54 (33.3%) of the 162 patients at EETSA. The Onodi cells were bilateral in 23 patients and unilateral in 31. In all cases, the Onodi cells limited the exposure of the sellar floor. Only after removing these cells was the entire sellar floor exposed so that the tumors could be removed completely. Conclusion. Onodi cells were observed more frequently than in previous studies, and 98.1% of them were identified on preoperative PNS CT. When reviewing PNS CT images preoperatively, one needs to identify the presence of Onodi cells. The Onodi cells must be removed to completely resect tumors located in the sellar region during EETSA.

Onodi cells are posterior ethmoid cells superolateral to the sphenoid sinus that is intimately associated with the optic nerve. Embryologically, they are derived from ethmoid cells that have undergone dedifferentiation. The anatomic relationship of the Onodi cell to the optic nerve and the internal carotid artery has not been clearly documented in the literature. Forty-four sagittal sections of cadaver heads and 83 CT scans of the sinuses were examined. Case studies of three patients with Onodi cell sinusitis are presented. Two patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery, and the other chose conservative medical management. The cadaver specimens revealed Onodi cells in 14% (6/44 sections). They were located lateral, superior, or superolateral to the sphenoid sinus. These relationships were further delineated by studying CT scans of the sinuses of 76 patients. Six patients (8%) had Onodi cells. Four of them had a dehiscence of the optic nerve adjacent to the Onodi cell. Twelve patients (16%) demonstrated a dehiscence of the internal carotid artery. These findings have important implications in endoscopic sinus surgery. The anatomic variability of the posterior ethmoids, sphenoid sinus, internal carotid artery, and optic nerve makes this surgical approach particularly challenging.

AbstractComputed tomography (CT) provides an excellent map for the sinus surgeon aswell as providing information about the extent of disease and the presence of bony destruction. Surgeons need to be aware of the anatomical configuration of the sinuses and the presence of any structural changes such as a dehiscent lamina papyracea, asymmetric skull base, low level of posterior skull base or an Onodi cell, which place the patient at increased risk. Described here is a six-step guide to help the sinus surgeon avoid missing any of the radiologically important features.

The research of theoretical and methodological issues of assessing the quality of the economic space of Russian regions has been conducted. The concepts of economic space and its quality, institutional environment of economic space have been substantiated. In order to determine the integral indicator of the standard of living and the quality of the economic space, the method of a systematic approach has been applied, which allowed the authors to justify and identify the system-forming indicators of the quality of the ec onomic space and the features of the relationship between them. The developed method of assessing the quality of economic space at the meso-level allows you to form a rating of investment attractiveness of the subjects of the Federation and determine the integral indicator of the quality of life of the population of the regions. The results of the study can be used in the development of investment rating and typology of Russian regions, implementation of social policy and state regulation of spatial development.

Excitotoxicity is a type of neurodegenerative disorder. It caused by excessive glutamate receptor activation, which leads to neuronal malfunction and fatality. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are found in glutamatergic neurons, and their excessive activation is primarily responsible for excitotoxicity. They are activated by both glutamate binding and postsynaptic depolarization, facilitating Ca2+ entry upon activation. Therefore, they are now widely acknowledged as being essential targets for excitotoxicity issues. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analyses have demonstrated that nobiletin efficiently targets the binding pocket of the NMDA receptor protein and exhibits stable dynamic behavior at the binding site. In this study, five potential neuroprotectants, nobiletin, silibinin, ononin, ginkgolide B, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), were screened against the glutamate NMDA receptors in humans via computational methods. An in silico ADMET study was also performed, to predict the pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile for the expression of good drug-like behavior and a non-toxic nature. It was revealed that nobiletin fulfills the criteria for all of the drug-likeness rules (Veber, Lipinski, Ghose, Muegge, and Egan) and has neither PAINS nor structural alerts (Brenks). In conclusion, nobiletin demonstrated a possible promising neuroprotectant activities compared to other selected phytochemicals. Further, it can be evaluated in the laboratory for promising therapeutic approaches for in vitro and in vivo studies.

Falling revenues and rising costs have put US nuclear plants in financial trouble, and some threaten to close. To understand the potential private and social consequences, we examine the abrupt closure of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) in 2012. Using a novel econometric approach, we show that the lost generation from SONGS was met largely by increased in-state natural gas generation. In the twelve months following the closure, natural gas generation costs increased by $350 million. The closure also created binding transmission constraints, causing short-run inefficiencies and potentially making it more profitable for certain plants to act noncompetitively. (JEL D24, L25, L94, L98, Q42, Q48)

We consider the action for N = 1 and N = 2 spinning particles in the presence of a background gravitational field. The action for the gravitational field induced by one-loop effects is examined to lowest order in the metric. This is the one-dimensional analogue of calculations performed in two-dimensional nonlinear sigma models. The inherent infrared divergences are quite severe, and it is found that the effective action depends crucially on how they are treated, as is the case in two-dimensional nonlinear sigma models. Using one approach, an intractable infrared divergence arises, while with another technique, the effective action vanishes. A calculational technique introduced by Onofri is employed. A novel N = 4 spinning particle is considered briefly.PACS No.: 12.60Jv

Red clover consists of the overground parts and inflorescence of Trifolium pratense L., a leguminous plant belonging to the genus Trifolium. It is widely distributed worldwide and has long been used in traditional medicine. In this study, a combination approach using UPLC-MS and network pharmacology was applied to explore the quality control markers for the quality assessments of red clover. Firstly, UPLC-MS was used to identify the compounds in different parts of red clover. Twenty-eight compounds were totally identified. According to the traditional clinical efficacy of red clover, a compound-target-function network was constructed by network pharmacology to discover the main active compounds based on the identified compounds. Nine compounds of chlorogenic acid, daidzin, calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, genistin, ononin, daidzein, genistein, formononetin, and biochanin A were filtrated and further confirmed in rat plasma in view of the blood-absorbed components taking effects. Finally, a novel method for simultaneously detecting the nine quality control markers was developed by UPLC-QQQ-MS in an effort to assess the quality of red clover. For all samples, the average contents of the nine compounds measured from high to low consist of formononetin, ononin, biochanin A, genistin, daidzin, calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, genistein, daidzein, and chlorogenic acid. The samples from Gansu province showed the best quality in the three producing areas This study provides new strategies to explore the quality control markers and develops a novel method for the quality assessment of red clover.

Background and Objectives: Understanding the anatomical variation in the sphenoid sinus is important to fully expose the sellar floor and clivus. Materials and Methods: The Onodi cell and intersphenoid sinus septation based on preoperative paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNS CT) and the surgical records of 877 patients who underwent the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETSA) were retrospectively reviewed. Results: An intersphenoid sinus septum (ISS) blocking the clivus was defined as a pseudoclivus. Complete and incomplete pseudoclivuses were found in 2.97% and 10.5% of patients, respectively. Intraoperative and PNS CT ISS findings differed in 17.1% of patients. Misconceptions regarding a ridge or vertical ISS and confusion between an incomplete pseudoclivus and a vertical ISS were common. Conclusions: Because intraoperative and PNS CT findings may differ, anatomical variation in the paraclival area should be evaluated carefully. A pseudoclivus mimicking the clivus is important to attain a fully exposed EETSA surgical view.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug resistant pathogen associated with high mortality and morbidity in patients having compromised immunity. The efflux systems of S. maltophilia include SmeABC and SmeDEF proteins, which assist in acquisition of multiple-drug-resistance. In this study, proteome based mapping was utilized to find out the potential drug targets for S. maltophilia strain k279a. Various tools of computational biology were applied to remove the human-specific homologous and pathogen-specific paralogous sequences from the bacterial proteome. The CD-HIT analysis selected 4315 proteins from total proteome count of 4365 proteins. Geptop identified 407 essential proteins, while the BlastP revealed approximately 85 non-homologous proteins in the human genome. Moreover, metabolic pathway and subcellular location analysis were performed for essential bacterial genes, to describe their role in various cellular processes. Only two essential proteins (Acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]—UDP-N acetyl glucosamine O-acyltransferase and D-alanine-D-alanine ligase) as candidate for potent targets were found in proteome of the pathogen, in order to design new drugs. An online tool, Swiss model was employed to model the 3D structures of both target proteins. A library of 5000 phytochemicals was docked against those proteins through the molecular operating environment (MOE). That resulted in to eight inhibitors for both proteins i.e. enterodiol, aloin, ononin and rhinacanthinF for the Acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]—UDP-N acetyl glucosamine O-acyltransferase, and rhazin, alkannin beta, aloesin and ancistrocladine for the D-alanine-D-alanine ligase. Finally the ADMET was done through ADMETsar. This study supported the development of natural as well as cost-effective drugs against S. maltophilia. These inhibitors displayed the effective binding interactions and safe drug profiles. However, further in vivo and in vitro validation experiment might be performed to check their drug effectiveness, biocompatibility and their role as effective inhibitors.

Identifying potent drug combination from a herbal mixture is usually quite challenging, due to a large number of possible trials. Using an engineering approach of the feedback system control (FSC) scheme, we identified the potential best combinations of four flavonoids, including formononetin, ononin, calycosin, and calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside deriving from Astragali Radix (AR; Huangqi), which provided the best biological action at minimal doses. Out of more than one thousand possible combinations, only tens of trials were required to optimize the flavonoid combinations that stimulated a maximal transcriptional activity of hypoxia response element (HRE), a critical regulator for erythropoietin (EPO) transcription, in cultured human embryonic kidney fibroblast (HEK293T). By using FSC scheme, 90% of the work and time can be saved, and the optimized flavonoid combinations increased the HRE mediated transcriptional activity by ~3-fold as compared with individual flavonoid, while the amount of flavonoids was reduced by ~10-fold. Our study suggests that the optimized combination of flavonoids may have strong effect in activating the regulatory element of erythropoietin at very low dosage, which may be used as new source of natural hematopoietic agent. The present work also indicates that the FSC scheme is able to serve as an efficient and model-free approach to optimize the drug combination of different ingredients within a herbal decoction.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the analysis of an understudied problem in the economic literature. It proposes a valuation methodology for inputs that come from biodiversity-rich ecosystems/habitats and are used in agro-food production at zero input cost because there is not a market for such inputs. Design/methodology/approach Following Onofri et al. (2017), the authors computed the value of the marginal productivity of different inputs in three selected case studies (Angola, Mozambique and Brazil). Results are theory based and rigorous but show a strong contingency, case based, relative dimension that is captured, in the framework, by the “relativity ratio.” The ratio expresses the relative weight of the value generated by the input that comes from biodiversity-rich ecosystems/habitats in the per capita monthly available income of the farmer and aims at conveying additional insights to the economic valuation. Findings In this paper, the assessment of agricultural inputs value (price) in the absence of inputs markets is done, with an application to three different case studies. The inputs are peculiar since they come from habitats and ecosystems that are very biodiversity-rich. Originality/value The paper proposes a practical, though rigorous, methodology for the assessment of the value (price) of agricultural inputs in absence of inputs markets. Markets do not exist since the inputs come from biodiversity-rich habitats and ecosystems.

ABSTRACTObjective: to evaluate psychosocial aspects of personality wich can influence adherence in patients who underwent bariatric surgery. Method: this is an observational transversal study, from qualitative/quantitative approach, performed with 15 patients after surgery. Those were indicated by the nurses sector as the most assiduous and classified as low and high adherence by the coordinator of the Obesity and Related Disorders Surgery Department, after approved by the Research Ethical Committee of Onofre Lopes University Hospital n. 355/09. Data were collected in a public hospital located in Natal-RN (Brazil) by using a semi-structured questionnaire and the Zulliger test. Then, the questionnaire data were submitted to discourse analysis, according to Bardin parameters, and the Zulliger was analyzed by the Klopfer system. Results: the most of patients demonstrated satisfaction with surgery and improvements in different areas of life. Paradoxly, the low adherence group presented more proactive personality compared to the group with high adherence. Conclusion: there are difficulties in adherence evaluation, once active behaviors can be understood as low adherence, what may cause problems in the procedures. Descriptors: bariatric surgery; behavioral medicine; guideline adherence; obesity; feeding behavior; public health; quality of life.RESUMOObjetivo: verificar aspectos psicossociais e de personalidade que podem influenciar na adesão terapêutica de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Método: estudo observacional, quantitativo e qualitativo, de corte transversal, realizado com 15 pacientes pós-cirúrgicos. Estes foram indicados pelo setor de enfermagem como mais assíduos e classificados em baixa e alta aderência pelo coordenador do Serviço de Cirurgia da Obesidade e Doenças Relacionadas. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa/Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes n. 355/09 e os dados foram coletados em um hospital da rede pública de saúde de Natal-RN (Brasil), com um questionário semi-estruturado e de um teste projetivo (Zulliger). Posteriormente, foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo seguindo os parâmetros de Bardin e o Zulliger foi corrigido de acordo com o sistema Klopfer. Resultados: a maior parte dos pacientes demonstrou satisfação com a cirurgia e melhoras em diversas esferas da vida. Paradoxalmente, o grupo classificado como tendo baixa aderência apresentou características de personalidade proativa em relação ao grupo considerado de alta aderência. Conclusão: a avaliação da aderência faz-se dificultosa uma vez que comportamentos ativos podem ser compreendidos como baixa aderência, podendo gerar entraves nas condutas. Descritores: cirurgia bariátrica; medicina do comportamento; fidelidade a diretrizes; obesidade; comportamento alimentar; saúde pública; qualidade de vida.RESUMENObjetivo: determinar los aspectos psicosociales de la personalidad que pueden influenciar la adhesión en los pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. Método: estudio observacional cualitativo y cuantitativo, transversal, realizado con 15 pacientes después de la cirugía. Estos fueron identificados por el personal de enfermería como más frecuentes y clasificados como de alta y baja adhesión por el coordinador del Departamento de Cirugía de la Obesidad y Trastornos Relacionados. Este estúdio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética del Hosptial Universitario Onofre Lopes n. 355/09 y los datos fueron recogidos en un hospital público de Natal-RN (Brasil), obtenidos a través de un cuestionario semiestructurado y el técnica proyectiva de Zulliger. Después, los datos del cuestionario fueron sometidos a análisis del discurso según Bardin, y el Zulliger se analizó en el sistema de Klopfer. Resultados: la mayoría de los pacientes estaban satisfechos con la cirugía y obtenieran mejoras en diversos ámbitos de la vida. Paradójicamente, el grupo clasificado como de baja adhesión mostró una personalidad más proactiva comparandose al grupo de alta adherencia. Conclusión: hay dificultades en la evaluación de la adhesión, a medida que el comportamiento activo puede ser entendido como baja adhesión, lo que puede causar problemas en los procedimientos. Descriptores: cirugia bariátrica; medicina de la conducta; adhesión a directriz; obesidad; conducta alimentaria; salud pública; calidad de vida.

The endoscopic transethmoidal approach is favored for the lack of external scars, a wide field of view, and rapid recovery time. But the effect of iatrogenic trauma should not be ignored due to the removal of the uncinate process and anterior and posterior ethmoidal sinus. Anatomically, the optic nerve is close to the sphenoid sinus and Onodi cell. In order to preserve the uncinate process and ethmoidal sinus, we perform endoscopic transsphenoidal optic canal decompression (ETOCD), which is less invasive. However, the anatomy of sphenoid sinus is quite variable, and the anatomical landmarks are rare. Therefore, identifying the position of optic canal is particularly important during surgery. To solve this, we use a postprocessing technique to identify the position of the optic nerve and internal carotid artery on the sphenoid sinus wall. Our results find that VA in 13 patients improved, with a total improve rate of 59.1%. No serious complications were found. We also found that the length of optic canal is different and the medial wall of the optic canal was the longest (p<0.05). The middle section of the optic canal is the narrowest, which was significantly different from cranial mouth and orbital mouth (p<0.05). We assumed that decompression may not require removal of all medial wall. If we remove the length of the shortest wall on the medial wall of the optic canal, the compression may be relieved. Thus, ETOCD was a feasible, safe, effective, and less-invasive approach for patients with TON. The CT postprocessing imaging facilitated recognition of the optic canal during surgery. The decompression length of the medial wall may not need to be completely removed, especially near the cranial mouth.

IntroductionAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with variable and complex clinical manifestations that requires a multidisciplinary approach. However, face-to-face treatment in this population may experience barriers, such as difficulty accessing physical therapists or other professionals. As a result, strategies (eg, telerehabilitation) emerged to facilitate treatment and physical therapy monitoring. This study aims to evaluate the effects of remote versus face-to-face home-based exercise programmes on clinical outcomes and treatment adherence of people with ALS.Methods and analysisThis is a single-blind randomised clinical trial protocol that will include 44 people with clinical diagnosis of ALS at any clinical stage and aged between 18 and 80 years. Participants will be randomised into two groups after face-to-face evaluation and perform a home-based exercise programme three times a week for 6 months. A physical therapist will monitor the exercise programme once a week remotely (phone calls—experimental group) or face-to-face (home visits—control group). The primary outcome measure will be functional capacity (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised). Secondary outcomes will include disease severity (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Severity Scale), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale), pain (Visual Analogue Scale and body pain diagram), adverse events and adherence rate. Outcomes will be initially evaluated face-to-face and revaluated remotely every 2 months and 1 month after interventions. Linear mixed models will compare outcome measures between groups and evaluations (α=5%).Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the research ethics committee of Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (no. 3735479). We expect to identify the effects of an exercise programme developed according to ALS stages and associated with remote or face-to-face monitoring on clinical outcomes using revaluations and follow-up after interventions.Trial registration numberBrazilian Registry Clinical Trials (RBR-10z9pgfv).

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The approach to sphenoid sinus still remains a clinical challenge, despite the arrival of endoscopy, computed tomography (CT) and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The complex and variable anatomy of the sphenoid sinus can be difficult to appreciate with standard axial or coronal CT images of the sinus. The study was done with the objective to study the anatomy of the sphenoid sinus and its variations, and to compare the prevalence of variants obtained in our study with the reported cases in the literature.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The CT scans of 168 normal slides obtained from 84 patients with paranasal sinus were analysed using triplanar imaging provided by 64-slice spiral CT. The prevalence of each of the sphenoid sinus variation was also analysed. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Results showed that the prevalence of pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process, greater wing of the sphenoid, and the pterygoid process was 17.85%, 22.61% and 32.14%, respectively. Protrusion of the internal carotid artery, optic nerve, maxillary nerve, and the vidian nerve was 47.61%, 36.90%, 25% and 26.19%, respectively. Dehiscence of internal carotid artery, optic nerve, maxillary nerve, and the vidian nerve was 30.95%, 29.76%, 14.28% and 22.61%, respectively. The prevalence of pneumatization in the Onodi cells was seen in 17.85% of the cases. Association of septa with an internal carotid artery was seen in 29.7% of the cases. Septa attachment to the optic nerve was also observed in 27.3% of the cases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The triplanar imaging (section thickness of 1 mm) is a better three-dimensional image of the sphenoid sinus, compared to coronal imaging. Triplanar imaging guides the surgical approach of the sphenoid sinus with mentally reconstructed three-dimensional images.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

Background and purpose: The sphenoid sinus is characterized by the frequency of anatomical variants that cause operative difficulties and complications during the transphenoidal approach. These variants involve the geographic factor and the type of skin phenotype. Most of the studies have been carried out on European, North African and Asian populations. Some studies have been found in sub-Saharan Africa but not in Côte d’Ivoire. The aim was to determine, from CT data, the anatomical characteristics of the sphenoid sinus in the Ivorian population. Methods: Cranioencephalic computed tomography images of 100 patients (80 men and 20 women aged 16 to 71) were used for the study. These were patients who presented with head trauma without injury to the base of the skull. Were studied the anatomical characteristics of the sphenoid sinus. Results: The type of pneumatization was sellar in 58% sinuses, pre sellar in 41% and conchal in 1% of cases. The presellar type predominated in women (60%) and the sellar type in men (65.5%). Extensions were present in 66.34% of cases, more frequent in men (70%), in the sellar type (79.31%), and in the anterior clinoid process (46.20%). The procidence of vasculo-nervous structures was more frequent in men (52.62%) and in the sellar type (62.07%), the procidence of the internal carotid artery was bilateral in 30.69% of sinuses, that of the optic nerve was mainly unilateral left (07.92%) more frequent in women ( 10%) and in the sellaire type (09.43%). Dehiscence was present in 15% of cases. Dominance was straight in 63.64% of the sinuses. The Onodi cell was present in 65% of sinuses. The ostium was bilateral in (45%) of the sinuses. Conclusion: The Ivorian sphenoid sinus is highly pneumatized, facilitating access to the surgeon; the sellar type is the most frequent. On the other hand, the frequency of procidence and dehiscence of vasculo-nervous elements increases the risk of surgical complications. Differences between genders and between types of pneumatization should be considered in sphenoid sinus procedures. KEY WORDS: Sphenoid Sinus, Computed Tomography, Anatomic Variation, Ivorian. Background and purpose: The sphenoid sinus is characterized by the frequency of anatomical variants that cause operative difficulties and complications during the transphenoidal approach. These variants involve the geographic factor and the type of skin phenotype. Most of the studies have been carried out on European, North African and Asian populations. Some studies have been found in sub-Saharan Africa but not in Côte d’Ivoire. The aim was to determine, from CT data, the anatomical characteristics of the sphenoid sinus in the Ivorian population. Methods: Cranioencephalic computed tomography images of 100 patients (80 men and 20 women aged 16 to 71) were used for the study. These were patients who presented with head trauma without injury to the base of the skull. Were studied the anatomical characteristics of the sphenoid sinus. Results: The type of pneumatization was sellar in 58% sinuses, pre sellar in 41% and conchal in 1% of cases. The presellar type predominated in women (60%) and the sellar type in men (65.5%). Extensions were present in 66.34% of cases, more frequent in men (70%), in the sellar type (79.31%), and in the anterior clinoid process (46.20%). The procidence of vasculo-nervous structures was more frequent in men (52.62%) and in the sellar type (62.07%), the procidence of the internal carotid artery was bilateral in 30.69% of sinuses, that of the optic nerve was mainly unilateral left (07.92%) more frequent in women ( 10%) and in the sellaire type (09.43%). Dehiscence was present in 15% of cases. Dominance was straight in 63.64% of the sinuses. The Onodi cell was present in 65% of sinuses. The ostium was bilateral in (45%) of the sinuses. Conclusion: The Ivorian sphenoid sinus is highly pneumatized, facilitating access to the surgeon; the sellar type is the most frequent. On the other hand, the frequency of procidence and dehiscence of vasculo-nervous elements increases the risk of surgical complications. Differences between genders and between types of pneumatization should be considered in sphenoid sinus procedures. KEY WORDS: Sphenoid Sinus, Computed Tomography, Anatomic Variation, Ivorian.

As an emerging role in new-generation on-chip communication, optical networks-on-chip (ONoCs) provide ultra-high bandwidth, low latency, and low power dissipation for data transfers. However, the thermo-optic effects of the photonic devices have a great impact on the operating performance and reliability of ONoCs, where the thermal-aware control with accurate measurements, e.g., thermal sensing, is typically applied to alleviate it. Besides, the temperature-sensitive ONoCs are prone to be attacked by the hardware Trojans (HTs) covertly embedded in the counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs) from the malicious third-party vendors, leading to performance degradation, denial-of-service (DoS), or even permanent damages. In this article, we focus on the tampering and snooping attacks during the thermal sensing via micro-ring resonator (MR) in ONoCs. Based on the provided workflow and attack model, a new structure of the anti-HT module is proposed to verify and protect the obtained data from the thermal sensor for attacks in its optical sampling and electronic transmission processes. In addition, we present the detection scheme based on the spiking neural networks (SNNs) to implement an accurate classification of the network security statuses for further high-level control. Evaluation results indicate that, with less than 1% extra area of a tile, our approach can significantly enhance the hardware security of thermal sensing for ONoC with trivial costs of up to 8.73%, 5.32%, and 6.14% in average latency, execution time, and energy consumption, respectively.

e4757031This study’s go analyzing constant devices in the State Plan of Education in Prisons (PEEP) of the state of Alagoas (Brazil) related to the prison units’ teacher training. There the acknowledgment of how important is to discuss the training aspects of the docents who act in the prison system, in order to make evident the advances, limits, and possibilities regarding training, as to their implications to exercise of teaching. The research has a qualitative character supported by the descriptive-analytic and interpretive perspective, with the approach of qualitative-quantitative complementarity. As methodological procedures, there were used bibliographic studies and the answering of a survey by the administrators linked to Alagoas’ prison units educational process. The analysis of the information gathered was made by documental analysis as well as it searched to interpret the event by the meaning that the participants attribute to what they say and do. The research’s results made evident the advance of the educational grounds that referenced the PEEP, namely: the respect regarding the students’ identities, experience, and knowledge, the problematization of the reality in which the educational process occurs, and the dialog as principle of education, important factors that may subsidize the prison units teachers’ training; one of the limits is the distancing between these fundamentals and the propositions to the training and acting of the teachers; and as possibilities a revision of the PEEP and the establishing of partnerships between the government instances and public universities on behalf of the training of teachers who act in the prison system.ResumoEste estudo teve como objetivo analisar dispositivos constantes no Plano Estadual de Educação nas Prisões (PEEP) do Estado de Alagoas relacionados à formação de professores/as das unidades prisionais. É reconhecida a importância de discutir aspectos da formação docente dos/as profissionais que atuam no âmbito prisional, no sentido de evidenciar avanços, limites e possibilidades tanto no que diz respeito à formação, quanto às suas implicações para o exercício da docência. A pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo, respaldada pela perspectiva de investigação analítico-descritiva e interpretativa, com abordagem de complementaridade qualitativa-quantitativa. Como procedimentos metodológicos foram realizados pesquisa e estudo bibliográficos e aplicado um questionário para gestoras vinculados ao processo educacional das unidades prisionais alagoanas. A análise das informações coletadas se deu pela análise documental, bem como buscou interpretar o sentido do evento a partir do significado que as participantes atribuem ao que falam e fazem. Dos resultados, a pesquisa evidenciou como avanço os fundamentos educacionais que referendam o PEEP, a saber: o respeito às identidades, às experiências e aos saberes dos estudantes, a problematização da realidade na qual ocorre o processo educacional e o diálogo como princípio da educação, importantes fatores que podem subsidiar a formação dos/as professores/as das unidades prisionais; um dos limites é o distanciamento entre estes fundamentos e as proposições para a formação e a atuação dos/as professores/as; e como possibilidades uma revisão dos dispositivos constantes no PEEP e a realização de parcerias das instâncias governamentais com universidades púbicas em prol da formação de professores/as que atuam nas unidades prisionais.ResumenEste estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar dispositivos constantes en el Plano Estadual de Educação nas Prisões (PEEP) del Estado de Alagoas (Brasil) relacionados a la formación de profesores de las unidades penitenciarias. Es reconocida la importancia de discutir aspectos de la formación de los docentes que actúan en el ámbito penitenciario, en el sentido de por en evidencia avances, límites y posibilidades a la formación y sus implicaciones al ejercicio de la docencia. La investigación es de carácter cualitativo, respaldada por la perspectiva de investigación analítico-descriptiva e interpretativa, con enfoque de complementariedad cualitativa-cuantitativa. Como metodología fueran realizadas investigaciones y estudios bibliográficos y aplicado un cuestionario para gestores vinculados al proceso educacional de las unidades penitenciarias. El análisis ocurrió a través de los resultados documentados y interpretación del sentido del evento por parte de los participantes a partir del significados que atribuyen a lo que hablan y hacen, poniendo como avance los fundamentos que refrendan el PEEP: el respeto a las identidades, a las experiencias y a los saberes de los estudiantes, la problematización de la realidad en que ocurre el proceso educacional y el diálogo como principio de la educación, importantes factores para la formación de los profesores de las unidades penitenciarias; como límite hay el distanciamiento entre eses fundamentos y las proposiciones para la formación y la actuación de los profesores; y como posibilidades la revisión del PEEP y cooperación entre las instancias gubernamentales y universidades públicas en beneficio de la formación de profesores que actúan en el sistema penitenciario.Palavras-chave: Educação nas prisões, Plano Estadual de Educação, Formação de professores/as, Estado de Alagoas.Keywords: Education in Prisons, State Plan of Education, Teacher training, State of Alagoas.Palabras-clave: Educación en las penitenciaras, Plan Estadual de Educación, Formación de Profesores, Estado de Alagoas.ReferencesALAGOAS. Resolução Normativa CEE nº 02. Conselho Estadual de Educação. Alagoas, 2014.ALAGOAS. Plano Estadual de Educação nas Prisões (Biênio 2016-2017). Alagoas, 2015.ALAGOAS. Relatório Mensal das Atividades de Assistência Educacional do Sistema Penitenciário Alagoano. Supervisão de Educação / GEPL/SERIS, 2014.ALAGOAS. Relatório Mensal das Atividades de Assistência Educacional do Sistema Penitenciário Alagoano. Supervisão de Educação / GEPL/SERIS, 2015.ALAGOAS. Relatório Mensal das Atividades de Assistência Educacional do Sistema Penitenciário Alagoano. Supervisão de Educação / GEPL/SERIS, 2016.BOGDAN, R.; BIKLEN, S. Investigação qualitativa em educação: uma introdução à teoria e aos métodos. Portugal: Porto Editora, 2010.BRASIL. Constituição (1988). Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil, 1988. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/Constituicao.htm. Acesso em: 11 set. 2016.BRASIL. Lei de Execução Penal. Lei nº 7.210. Congresso Nacional. Brasília, 1984. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L7210.htm Acesso em: 11 set. 2016.BRASIL. Resolução Normativa nº 03. Congresso Nacional. Brasília, 2009. Disponível em: http://portal.mec.gov.br/component/docman/?task=doc_downloadgid=10028...htm Acesso em: 11 set. 2016.BRASIL. Resolução Normativa CNE nº 02. Congresso Nacional. Brasília, 2010. Disponível em: http://portal.mec.gov.br/index.php?option=com_docmanview=downloadalias=5142-rceb002-10category_slug=maio-2010-pdfItemid=30192 Acesso em: 11. Set. 2016BRASIL. Decreto nº 7.626. Congresso Nacional. Brasília, 2011. Disponível em: http:// www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2011-2014/2011/Decreto/D7626.htm Acesso em: 11 set. 2016CHIZZOTTI, Antonio. Pesquisa qualitativa em ciências humanas e sociais. 6 ed. São Paulo: Vozes, 2011.FOUCAULT, Michel. Vigiar e punir: nascimento da prisão. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2010.FREIRE, Paulo. Pedagogia do oprimido. 65. ed. Rio de Janeiro/São Paulo: Paz e Terra, 2018.GIL, A. C. Como elaborar projetos de pesquisa. São Paulo: Atlas, 2002.LÜDKE, M.; ANDRÉ, M. E. D. A. Pesquisa em educação: abordagens qualitativas. 2. ed. São Paulo: EPU, 2013.ONOFRE, Elenice. Desafio histórico na educação prisional brasileira: ressignificando a formação de professores... um quê de utopia?. Campinas, Revista HISTERDBR On-line, n. 47, p. 205-219. 2012. Disponível em: https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/histedbr/article/view/8640048 Acesso em: 16 mar. 2017.ONOFRE, E. M. C.; MENOTT, C. C. Formação de professores e educação na prisão: construindo saberes, cartografando perspectivas. Formação Docente – Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa sobre Formação de Professores, v. 8, n. 15, p. 149-162, 31 dez. 2016. Disponível em: https://revformacaodocente.com.br/index.php/rbpfp/article/view/146 Acesso em: 02 fev. 2018.SILVA, Maria da Conceição Valença da. EJA em penitenciária e a formação de professores: desafios de uma experiência. In: CALADO, Alder Júlio Ferreira; SILVA, Alexandre Magno Tavares da (Orgs.). Educação como Diálogo e Produção de Saberes. João Pessoa: Ideia, 2001.SILVA, Maria da Conceição Valença da. A prática docente de EJA: o caso da Penitenciária Juiz Plácido de Souza em Caruaru. Recife: Centro Paulo Freire/Bagaço, 2006.SILVA, Maria da Conceição Valença da. A EJA no Brasil e as políticas públicas para a educação de pessoas privadas de liberdade. In: DIÓGENES, Elione Maria Nogueira;SILVA, Maria da Conceição Valença da (Orgs.). Políticas públicas em educação: episteme e práticas. Curitiba: CRV, 2017.SOUZA, João Francisco. Práticas pedagógicas e formação de professores. 2. ed. Recife: Ed. Universitária UFPE, 2012.

e5421064This study aims to present an analysis and discussion of the conceptions and inter-institutional educational practices in the functioning of the Socio-Educational System of the Municipality of São Carlos - São Paulo. The research problem is identified by the following guiding question: What are the conceptions and educational practices for the functioning of the Socio-educational System in the Municipality of São Carlos? In order to answer this question, the content analysis was used in the scientific process, supported by an epistemological approach that aims to produce the concrete thinking in the process of abstraction, analysis and synthesis of reality, of historical-dialectic materialistic basis in the production of knowledge. The research results identified perspectives of cooperation between institutions for the functioning of the investigation and reception procedures of young people accused of committing offences. A willingness of public authorities to bring together responsibilities between institutions and society partners was identified in order to seek a better articulation of socio-educational work and offer a more adequate structure to young people, guided by technical-scientific, repressive-reproductive and humanist-existential educational trends. In the diversity of conceptions and specificities in the functions of each institution, there is a commitment to consolidate a pedagogy of cooperation in order to minimize the problems of violence and infractions involving the young population.ResumoEste estudo tem por objetivo apresentar uma análise e discussão das concepções e das práticas educativas interinstitucionais no funcionamento do Sistema Socioeducativo do Município de São Carlos – São Paulo. O problema de pesquisa é sintetizado pela seguinte questão norteadora: Quais são as concepções e as práticas educativas para o funcionamento do Sistema Socioeducativo no Município de São Carlos? De maneira a responder a essa questão, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo no processo científico, sustentada por uma abordagem epistemológica que visa produzir o concreto pensado no processo de abstração, análise e síntese da realidade, de fundamento materialista histórico-dialético na produção de conhecimento. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam perspectivas de cooperação entre as instituições para o funcionamento dos procedimentos de apuração e de acolhimento aos jovens acusados da prática infracional. Identificou-se uma vontade dos agentes do poder público em congregar as responsabilidades entre instituições e parceiros da sociedade, de modo a buscar uma melhor articulação do trabalho socioeducativo e oferecer uma estrutura mais adequada aos jovens, orientados pelas tendências educativas técnico-científica, repressivo-reprodutivista e humanista-existencial. Na diversidade de concepções e de especificidades nas funções de cada instituição, depreende-se um engajamento para a consolidação de uma pedagogia da cooperação, em vista de minimizar as problemáticas de violências e de infrações que envolvem a população jovem.Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar un análisis y discusión de las concepciones y prácticas educativas interinstitucionales en el funcionamiento del Sistema Socioeducativo del Municipio de São Carlos - São Paulo. El problema de la investigación es identificado por la siguiente pregunta norteadora: ¿cuáles son las concepciones y las prácticas educativas para el funcionamiento del Sistema Socioeducativo en el municipio de São Carlos? De manera a responder esta cuestión, se utilizó el análisis de contenido en el proceso científico, apoyado por un enfoque epistemológico que tiene como objetivo producir lo concreto pensando en el proceso de abstracción, análisis y síntesis de la realidad, de fundamento materialista histórico-dialéctico en la producción de conocimiento. Los resultados de la investigación identifican las perspectivas de la cooperación entre instituciones para el funcionamiento de los procedimientos de averiguación y de acogida de los jóvenes acusados de práctica infraccional. Se identificó una voluntad por parte de los agentes del poder público de aunar las responsabilidades entre instituciones y colaboradores de la sociedad para buscar una mejor articulación de la labor socioeducativa y ofrecer una estructura más adecuada a los jóvenes, orientados por las tendencias educativas técnico-científicas, represivas-reproductivistas y humanistas-existenciales. En la diversidad de concepciones y especificidades de las funciones de cada institución, surge el compromiso para consolidación de una pedagogía de cooperación, a fin de minimizar las problemáticas de infracciones que involucra a la población joven.Palavras-chave: Adolescentes, Ato infracional, Educação não?escolar, Sistema socioeducativo.Keywords: Adolescents, Infractional act, Non-school education, Socio-educational system.Palabras claves: Adolescentes, Acto infracional, Educación no?escolar, Sistema socioeducativo.ReferencesBARDIN, Laurence. Análise de conteúdo. Lisboa, Portugal: Edições 70, 2010.BOURDIEU, Pierre; PASSERON, Jean Claude. La reproduction – Éléments pour une théorie du système d’enseignement. Paris – France : Minuit, 1972.BRASIL. Presidência da República. Resolução 113. Secretaria Especial dos Direitos Humanos. Conselho Nacional dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente. Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo – SINASE. Brasília – DF: CONANDA, 2006. Disponível em: https://www.legisweb.com.br/legislacao/?id=104402. Acesso em 14 jun. 2021BRASIL, Lei 8.069, de 13 de julho de 1990. Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA). Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/LEIS/L8069.htm. Acesso em: 14 jun. 2021.BRASIL. Lei 12.594, de 18 de janeiro de 2012. Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo (SINASE). Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2011-2014/2012/lei/l12594.htm. Acesso em: 14 jun. 2021.CIFALI, Ana Cláudia; CHIES-SANTOS, Mariana; ALVAREZ, Marcos César. Justiça juvenil no Brasil: continuidades e rupturas. Tempo Social, [S. l.], v. 32, n. 3, p. 197-228, 2020. DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2020.176331. Disponível em: https://www.revistas.usp.br/ts/article/view/176331. Acesso em: 9 jun. 2021. CHIZZOTTI, Antonio. Pesquisa em ciências humanas e sociais. 4. ed. São Paulo: Cortez, 2000.DARDOT; Pierre; LAVAL, Christian. A nova razão do mundo: ensaio sobre a sociedade neoliberal. São Paulo – SP: Boitempo, 2016, p. 416.FRANCISCO, Julio Cesar. Fundamentos da educação não escolar em unidade de internação: dilemas para o redirecionamento social de adolescentes em conflito com a lei. ATOS DE PESQUISA EM EDUCAÇÃO, p. 332-358, 2019. Disponível em:https://bu.furb.br/ojs/index.php/atosdepesquisa/article/view/6670. Acesso em 9 jun. 2021.FRANCISCO, Julio Cesar; MARTINS, Marcos Francisco. Perspectivas da educação não escolar no trato com jovens infratores. Educação e Realidade, v. 42, nº1, 283-297, 2017. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-623654637. Acesso em: 9 jun. 2021.FRANCISCO, Julio Cesar; LOPES, Roseli Esquerdo. Adolescentes em situação de conflito com a lei e o atendimento inicial integrado: entrevista com o Padre Agnaldo Soares Lima. CRÍTICA EDUCATIVA, v. 5, p. 324-332, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.criticaeducativa.ufscar.br/index.php/criticaeducativa/article/view/421. Acesso em: 9 jun. 2021.FRANCISCO, Julio Cesar; ONOFRE, Elenice C. Desafios na execução do atendimento socioeducativo de jovens em privação de liberdade. REVISTA COMUNICAÇÕES, v. 25, p. 247-269, 2019. Disponível em:DOI: https://doi.org/10.15600/2238-121X/comunicacoes.v25n3p247-269. Acesso em: 9 jun. 2021.FOUCAULT, Michel. Surveiller et Punir – La naissance de la prison. France : Éditions Gallimard, 1975, p. 352.FRANCO, Maria Laura Barbosa. Análise de Conteúdo. 4. ed. Brasília: Liber Livro, 2012.GADOTTI, Moacir. História das ideias pedagógicas. 8. ed. São Paulo: Ática, 1999.GHIGLIONE, Rodolphe; MATALON, Benjamin. Les enquêtes sociologiques: théories et pratique. Paris: Armand Colin Éditeur, 1985.GOHN, Maria da Glória. Educação não formal e cultura política. 5. ed. São Paulo: Cortez, 2011.INSTITUTO INNOVARE. Prêmio Innovare 2007. 2007. Disponível em: http://www.premioinnovare.com.br/praticas/l/implantacao-do-nai-nucleo-de-atendimento-integrado-cumprimento-do-art-88-inciso-v-do-estatuto-da-crianca-e-do-adolescente-882. Acesso em: 7 jan. 2021.KRIPPENDORFF, Klaus. Content analysis: an introduction to its methodology. The Sage context series. Volume 5. London: Sage Publications Lda., 1980.LIBÂNEO, José Carlos. Didática. São Paulo: Cortez, 1994.LÜDKE, Menga; ANDRÉ, Marli Eliza Dalmazo. Pesquisa em Educação: abordagens qualitativas. São Paulo: EPU, 2012.MARTINS, Marcos Francisco. Educação não escolar: discussão terminológica e mapeamento dos fundamentos das tendências. Contrapontos, Itajaí, v. 16, n. 1, p. 40-61, 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/contrapontos.v16n1.p40-61MARTINS, Marcos Francisco. Formação do educador social e proposições de um perfil de intelectual orgânico. In: GARRIDO, Noêmia de Carvalho et al. (orgs.). Desafios e perspectivas da Educação Social: um mosaico em construção. São Paulo: Expressão e Arte Editora, 2010. p. 40-60.SAVIANI, Dermeval. Escola e Democracia. 42ª Edição. 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e4523063This study aims to raise, in science productions in the area, the aspects researchers have reflected on the educational and professional formation, in places such as the APAC prison system, and how this formation contributes to the social reintegration of individuals deprived of liberty. Thus, this research brings a qualitative approach and a methodological procedure based on a systematic review of the literature with a state-of-knowledge research, carried out in scientific productions found in the Google Scholar database and the digital repository of the Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). The texts analysis faces us to reflect on the structural and social conditions found in Brazilian prison systems and the role of the State and public policies in the social reintegration process of individuals deprived of liberty. Based on the study, we perceived the urgency of implementing educational and professional formation policies within Brazilian prison systems, which in fact promote the emancipation and social reintegration of these individuals. The activities carried out at APAC focus on educational formation, work, and human valorization. According to the texts, the institution is a viable alternative in the process of humanization, recovery, and social reintegration of individuals deprived of liberty, and these results are observed in the low rates of recidivism.ResumoEste artigo busca levantar, em produções científicas da área, os aspectos que os pesquisadores têm refletido sobre a formação educacional e profissional em ambientes como o sistema prisional APAC e como essa formação tem contribuído para a reintegração social dos sujeitos privados de liberdade. Assim, esta pesquisa traz uma abordagem qualitativa, tendo como procedimento metodológico a revisão sistematizada de literatura do tipo estado do conhecimento, realizada em produções científicas localizadas no banco de dados do Google Acadêmico e no repositório eletrônico do Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). As análises dos textos nos afrontam a refletir sobre as condições estruturais e sociais em que se encontram os sistemas prisionais brasileiros e o papel do Estado e das políticas públicas frente ao processo de reintegração social dos sujeitos privados de liberdade. Com base no estudo, foi possível perceber a urgência de implementação de políticas de formação educacional e profissional dentro dos sistemas prisionais brasileiros, que, de fato, promovam a emancipação e reintegração social desses sujeitos. As atividades realizadas na APAC focam na formação educacional, no trabalho e na valorização humana. A instituição é apontada, nos textos, como uma alternativa viável no processo de humanização, recuperação e reintegração social dos sujeitos privados de liberdade, cujos resultados são observados nos baixos índices de reincidência.ResumenEste artículo busca plantear, en las producciones científicas del área, los aspectos que los investigadores han reflexionado sobre la formación educativa y profesional, en entornos como el sistema penitenciario APAC, y cómo esta formación ha contribuido a la reinserción social de sujetos privados de libertad. Así, esta investigación presenta un abordaje cualitativo, utilizando como procedimiento metodológico la revisión sistemática de literatura del tipo estado del conocimiento, realizada en producciones científicas ubicadas en la base de datos Google Scholar y en el repositorio electrónico de la Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). El análisis de los textos nos enfrenta a reflexionar sobre las condiciones estructurales y sociales de los sistemas penitenciarios brasileños y el papel del Estado y las políticas públicas en el proceso de reintegración social de los sujetos privados de libertad. A partir del estudio, fue posible percibir la urgencia de implementar políticas educativas y de formación profesional dentro de los sistemas penitenciarios brasileños, que de hecho promuevan la emancipación y reintegración social de estos sujetos. Las actividades que se llevan a cabo en APAC se centran en la formación educativa, el trabajo y la valorización humana. La institución se señala, en los textos, como una alternativa viable en el proceso de humanización, recuperación y reintegración social de los sujetos privados de libertad, cuyos resultados se observan en las bajas tasas de reincidencia.Palavras-chave: Educação, Trabalho, Sistema prisional.Keywords: Education, Work, Prison system.Palabras claves: Educación, Trabajo, Sistema penitenciario.ReferencesARAKAKI, Fernanda Franklin Seixas et al. A ressocialização do apenado na Associação de Proteção e Assistência a Condenados (APAC) de Manhuaçu sob a perspectiva de Imannuel Kant e Jurgen Habermas. In: SEMINÁRIO CIENTÍFICO DO UNIFACIG: SOCIEDADE, CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA, 4., 2018, Manhuaçu. Anais [...]. Manhuaçu: FACIG, 2018a. p. 1-10. Disponível em: http://pensaracademico.facig.edu.br/index.php/semiariocientifico/article/view/941. Acesso em: 31 out. 2019.ARAKAKI, Fernanda Franklin Seixas et al. Conscientização da ressignificação do perfil e lugar do reeducando (recuperando) da APAC. In: SEMINÁRIO CIENTÍFICO DO UNIFACIG: SOCIEDADE, CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA, 4., 2018, Manhuaçu. Anais [...]. Manhuaçu: FACIG, 2018b. p. 1-6. Disponível em: http://pensaracademico.unifacig.edu.br/index.php/semiariocientifico/article/view/939/830. Acesso em: 31 out. 2019.BARATTA, Alessandro. Ressocialização ou controle social: uma abordagem crítica da reintegração social do sentenciado. R. F. A.: Universidade de Saarland, [s.d.]. Disponível em: http://www.egov.ufsc.br/portal/sites/default/files/anexos/13248-13249-1-PB.pdf. Acesso em: 18 jul. 2020. BRASIL. Lei nº 7.210, de 11 de julho de 1984. Institui a Lei de Execução Penal. Brasília, DF: Presidência da República, 1984. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l7210.htm. Acesso em: 03 out. 2019.BRASIL. Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Brasília, DF: Presidência da República, 1988. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicaocompilado.htm. Acesso em: 05 out. 2019.BRASIL. Decreto nº 7.626, de 24 de novembro de 2011. Institui o Plano Estratégico de Educação no âmbito do Sistema Prisional. Brasília, DF: Presidência da República, 2011. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2011-2014/2011/decreto/d7626.htm. Acesso em: 21 mai. 2020.BRASIL. Departamento Penitenciário Nacional (Depen). Levantamento Nacional de Informações Penitenciárias: dezembro de 2019. Brasília: Depen, 2019. Disponível em: https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZTlkZGJjODQtNmJlMi00OTJhLWFlMDktNzRlNmFkNTM0MWI3IiwidCI6ImViMDkwNDIwLTQ0NGMtNDNmNy05MWYyLTRiOGRhNmJmZThlMSJ9. Acesso em: 16 jun. 2020.CABRAL, Paula. A EJA nos espaços de privação e restrição de liberdade: as apropriações das diretrizes da UNESCO no redirecionamento do trabalho dos professores. 2019. 497 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis. 2019. Disponível em: http://www.uniedu.sed.sc.gov.br/index.php/pos-graduacao/trabalhos-de-conclusao-de-bolsistas/trabalhos-de-conclusao-de-bolsistas-a-partir-de-2018/ciencias-humanas/doutorado-4/768-a-eja-nos-espacos-de-privacao-e-restricao-de-liberdade-as-apropriacoes-das-diretrizes-da-unesco-no-direcionamento-do-trabalho-de-professores-as/file. Acesso em: 30 out. 2020.FRATERNIDADE BRASILEIRA DE ASSISTÊNCIA AOS CONDENADOS (FBAC). Itaúna, MG, 2019. Disponível em: http://www.fbac.org.br/. Acesso em: 30 out. 2019.INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA (IBGE). Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua: PNAD Contínua: Educação 2018. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2019. Disponível em: https://static.poder360.com.br/2019/06/00e02a8bb67cdedc4fb22601ed264c00.pdf. Acesso em: 17 abr. 2020.INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA (IBGE). Desemprego. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.ibge.gov.br/explica/desemprego.php. 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Background: As the Technology node scales down to deep sub-micron regime, the design of static random-access memory (SRAM) cell becomes a critical issue because of increased leakage current components. These leakage current components prevent to design a low power processor as large of the processor power is consumed by the memory part. Objective: In this paper, a SRAM cell is designed based on ON/OFF logic (ONOFIC) approach. Static noise margin (SNM) of the cell for the different states are calculated and evaluated by using butterfly as well as noise (N) curves with the help of Cadence tools at 45 nm technology node. Methods: ONOFIC approach helps to reduce the leakage current components which makes a low power memory cell. A performance comparison is made between the conventional six-transistor (6T) SRAM cell and memory cell using ONOFIC approach. Results: Low value of power delay product (PDP) is the outcome of ONOFIC approach as compared to conventional cell. ONOFIC approach decreases PDP by 99.99% in case of hold state. Conclusions: ONOFIC approach improves the different performance metrics for the different states of the SRAM cell.

Introduction: In the very large-scale integration (VLSI) industry, scaling plays an important role in providing compact size and high-speed digital circuits. The major drawbacks faced by logic circuits are power dissipation and process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations. In the VLSI industry, the prediction of variability tolerance capability is mandatory to know the future performance of the circuits. The impact of PVT variation is large in nanoscale logic circuits and it has the power to alter the output characteristics of any logic circuit. The reasons that cause PVT variations are manufacturing defects, environmental conditions, and mishandling issues. Aims and Objective: This paper aims to discuss the process variations and briefly describe the previous work related to variability and various factors involved in PVT simulations. It also provides the idea of Monte-Carlo simulation in the Cadence Virtuoso tool. Method: In this paper, the impact of PVT variations on different fin-shaped field effect transistor (FinFET) circuits was evaluated using the Cadence Virtuoso tool. Monte-Carlo simulation was performed on various leakage reduction techniques for the domino logic with the help of a multi-gate predictive technology model (PTM) FinFET at a 16nm technology node. Result: The footer-less domino logic (FLDL) circuit is designed and simulated using different leakage reduction techniques for reliability analysis. Conclusion: Cascaded leakage control transistor (CLCT) approach shows 81.75%, 67.83%, and 51.25% less statistical mean value for power dissipation as compared to conventional, on-off logic (ONOFIC), and alternative ONOFIC approaches in the case of FLDL OR2 logic circuit, respectively.

Resumo A narcolepsia, distúrbio neurológico crônico caracterizado pela sonolência diurna excessiva, pode ser associada à cataplexia, fragmentação do sono, alucinações relacionadas ao sono e paralisia do sono. Frequentemente, é confundida com outros transtornos, como Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH), epilepsia e até esquizofrenia, assim, por vezes, é diagnosticada inadequadamente. Objetiva-se relatar o diagnóstico diferencial bem-sucedido da narcolepsia na infância e suas dificuldades, realizado por uma equipe multidisciplinar, enfocando a atuação da psicologia do sono em avaliação e intervenção. Um menino de 10 anos foi recebido no Ambulatório de Narcolepsia e Apneia do Sono Infantil (AMBNAP), alocado no Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) com queixas de sonolência diurna excessiva, sono fragmentado e episódios de perda de tônus muscular. Foi submetido a entrevistas psiquiátrica e psicológica pormenorizadas, a exames, aplicação de escalas específicas para rastreio e diagnóstico de transtornos de sono e diário de sono, solicitação de recursos de mídia e de relatório escolar e avaliação neurológica. A partir da investigação multidisciplinar, o diagnóstico foi de Narcolepsia e Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS). O paciente foi submetido a técnicas da Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental (TCC) e segue em acompanhamento, apresentando resultados satisfatórios. Este estudo evidencia que uma equipe multidisciplinar especializada na área de sono atuando em conjunto com a Psicologia do Sono oportuniza o diagnóstico e intervenções precoces eficazes para o tratamento do distúrbio do sono na infância.

The public health consequences tied to our relationships with animals are significant. The COVID-19 pandemic and previous instances of zo- onotic disease emergence and re-emergence have demonstrated that human relationships with animals can have a profound impact on our health. In the US, the most prevalent human-animal relationship is the one we have with the animals that we eat. This relationship is defined and facilitated by intensive animal agriculture, a practice at high risk of causing zoonotic disease emergence. This Article explores the current regulatory regime governing intensive animal agriculture and argues that it is deficient in the context of zoonotic disease. It argues that this deficiency is a result of the legal anthropocentrism that manifests in practices inherent to intensive animal agriculture and demonstrates that such an approach is unable to adequately manage the risk of future zoonoses. This Article argues for a regulatory approach that acknowl- edges the interdependence of humans, animals, and the environment. It proposes Wild Law as the most appropriate framework to address the risk of zoonotic disease and concludes that intensive animal agriculture would not be permitted under a Wild Law approach due to its inherent inability to operate within the context of an interdependent human-an- imal-environment relationship.

AbstractThis paper presents a simple and rapid approach to the quantification of various glycosides using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Different classes of glycosides, represented by genistin and ononin (both monosaccharidic O-glycosides), rutin (a disaccharidic O-glycoside) and luteolin-6-C-glucoside (a monosaccharidic C-glycoside), were successfully separated using a mixture of ethyl acetate‒methanol‒glacial acetic acid‒formic acid (11:1:1:1, V/V) as the mobile phase followed by derivatisation with natural product–polyethylene glycol (NP–PEG) reagent. The method was validated for the quantification of these glycosides in accordance with the guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation. The general applicability of the validated approach is demonstrated with the analysis of a large number of glycosides including two glycosides (i.e. rutin, naringin) in commercial products.

Abstract Background In Brazil, many public hospitals face constant problems related to high demand vis-à-vis an overall scarcity of resources, which hinders the operations of different sectors such as the surgical centre, as it is considered one of the most relevant pillars for the proper hospital functioning, due to its complexity, criticality as well as economic and social importance. Proper asset management based on well-founded decisions is, therefore, a sine-qua-non condition for addressing such demands. However, subjectivity and other difficulties present in decisions make the management of hospital resources a constant challenge. Methods Thus, the present work proposes the application of a hybrid approach, formed by the QFD tools, fuzzy logic and SERVQUAL as a decision support tool for the quality planning of the surgical centre of the Onofre Lopes Teaching Hospital (Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes—HUOL). To accomplish such objective, it was necessary to discover and analyse the main needs of the medical team working in the operating room, through the application of the SERVQUAL questionnaire, associated with fuzzy logic. Results Then, the most relevant deficiencies were transformed into entries for the QFD-fuzzy, where they were translated into project requirements. Soon after, the analysis of the existing relationships between the inputs and these requirements was carried out, generating the ranking of actions with the greatest impact on the improvement of the surgical centre overall quality. Conclusions As a result, it was found that the proposed methodology can optimize the decision process to which hospital managers are submitted, improving the surgical centre operation efficiency.

AbstractDuring the construction and assembly of the Mars 2020 mission components at two different NASA cleanrooms, several fungal strains were isolated. Based on their colony morphology, two strains that showed yeast-like appearance were further characterized for their phylogenetic position. The species-level classification of these two novel strains, using traditional colony and cell morphology methods combined with the phylogenetic reconstructions using multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on several gene loci (ITS, LSU, SSU, RPB1, RPB2, CYTB and TEF1), and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was carried out. This polyphasic taxonomic approach supported the conclusion that the two basidiomycetous yeasts belong to hitherto undescribed species. The strain FJI-L2-BK-P3T, isolated from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Spacecraft Assembly Facility, was placed in the Naganishia albida clade (Filobasidiales, Tremellomycetes), but is genetically and physiologically different from other members of the clade. Another yeast strain FKI-L6-BK-PAB1T, isolated from the Kennedy Space Center Payload Hazardous and Servicing Facility, was placed in the genus Cystobasidium (Cystobasidiales, Cystobasidiomycetes) and is distantly related to C. benthicum. Here we propose two novel species with the type strains, Naganishia kalamii sp. nov. (FJI-L2-BK-P3T = NRRL 64466 = DSM 115730) and Cystobasidium onofrii sp. nov. (FKI-L6-BK-PAB1T = NRRL 64426 = DSM 114625). The phylogenetic analyses revealed that single gene phylogenies (ITS or LSU) were not conclusive, and MLSA and WGS-based phylogenies were more advantageous for species discrimination in the two genera. The genomic analysis predicted proteins associated with dehydration and desiccation stress-response and the presence of genes that are directly related to osmotolerance and psychrotolerance in both novel yeasts described. Cells of these two newly-described yeasts were exposed to UV-C radiation and compared with N. onofrii, an extremophilic UV-C resistant cold-adapted Alpine yeast. Both novel species were UV resistant, emphasizing the need for collecting and characterizing extremotolerant microbes, including yeasts, to improve microbial reduction techniques used in NASA planetary protection programs.

Abstract Fluidelastic instability (FEI) in tube arrays has been studied extensively experimentally and theoretically for the last 50 years, due to its potential to cause significant damage in short periods. Incidents similar to those observed at San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station indicate that the problem is not yet fully understood, probably due to the large number of factors affecting the phenomenon. In this study, a new approach for the analysis and interpretation of FEI data using machine learning (ML) algorithms is explored. FEI data for both single and two-phase flows have been collected from the literature and utilized for training a machine learning algorithm in order to either provide estimates of the reduced velocity (single and two-phase) or indicate if the bundle is stable or unstable under certain conditions (two-phase). The analysis included the use of logistic regression as a classification algorithm for two-phase flow problems to determine if specific conditions produce a stable or unstable response. The results of this study provide some insight into the capability and potential of logistic regression models to analyze FEI if appropriate quantities of experimental data are available.

Background: With the extensive development of endoscopic sinus surgery, iatrogenic medial rectus muscle injury should be treated with caution. Traditional methods to repair a ruptured medial rectus need an anterior orbitotomy approach, with more injury and difficulty in finding the posterior end of the ruptured medial rectus. Objective: To explore a new method to repair a ruptured medial rectus. Methods: Eight cases of iatrogenic medial rectus rupture after endoscopic sinus surgery were reviewed from July 2015 to January 2019. Assisted by image-guided navigation, the ruptured medial rectus was sutured under an endoscopic endonasal orbital approach. Two methods were designed to suture the ruptured medial rectus. Optic nerve and orbital decompression were performed in 5 cases with visual impairment. The extent of exotropia and diplopia were followed up for 5 to 33 months after surgery. Results: With the help of image guidance, the posterior and anterior ends of the ruptured medial rectus of all patients were pinpointed, and operations using medial rectus anastomosis were successfully completed in 7 patients. The exotropia of these patients was corrected, and they have recovered. The vision of 2 patients recovered. There were no minor or major complications intraoperatively or postoperatively. Conclusion: Assisted by image-guided navigation, medial rectus anastomosis under an endoscopic endonasal orbital approach is a feasible method. The key to preventing orbital complications is strict professional training, including identification of the Onodi air cell and correct application of powered instrumentation.

Abstract Fluidelastic instability (FEI) is well known to be a critical flow-induced vibration concern for the integrity of the tubes in nuclear steam generators. Traditionally, this has been assumed to occur in the direction transverse to the direction of flow but the tube failures at San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) in Los Angeles proved that this assumption is not generally valid. A simple tube-in-channel theoretical model was previously developed to predict streamwise as well as transverse FEI in a parallel triangular tube array. This predicted that this array geometry was particularly sensitive to streamwise FEI for high mass-damping parameters and small pitch ratios, the conditions in which the SONGS failures occurred. The advantage of this simple modelling approach is that no new empirical data are required for parametric studies of the effects of tube pattern and pitch ratio on FEI. The tube-in-channel model has been extended to in-line square, normal triangular and rotated square tube arrays and the stability of these geometric patterns are analyzed for the effects of varying pitch ratio and the mass-damping parameter. The results are compared with the available experimental data and conclusions are drawn regarding the relative vulnerability of these different tube array geometries to streamwise FEI.

Rice aggregation centers are tasked with checkmating substandard agricultural produce that are often encountered by the integrated millers during the course of buying from farm to farm to ensure already made market for their produce. Thus, it must be well placed to occupy strategic positions such that all different rice cultivating zones of the state get access to the facility. Given that these facilities will provide salient services, sets of demand points tasked with the provision storage, processing capability and a constant market for various rice farmers within the state. It is pertinent that these facilities are located properly considering all unique factors on ground. This study therefore aimed at a GIS-based multi criteria model for location of rice aggregation centers in Anambra State. The study was carried out using Geographical Information System (GIS) technology. Several GIS thematic layers were obtained and considered important factors in citing rice aggregation centers such as road network, Land Use and Land Cover (LULC), slope, river, cost distance, electricity network, floodplains, erosion plains and proximity to rice farms. It revealed optimal locations for siting a modular aggregation rice center at Nzam, Onoia, Aguleri, Nando, Akenu, Achalla, Ezira, Ndiokpalaeze, Ogbakuma and Uli. The goal throughout this study was to provide a reliable and complete analysis of siting modular rice aggregation centers in the agricultural zones in Anambra State. The approach and results obtained in this study are recommended as a spatial decision tool for site selection of modular rice aggregation centers in developing countries.

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus (SS) varies widely among different ethnic groups. Information regarding the prevalence and significance of SS variants among Hispanic groups is limited. This study aims to describe and analyze pneumatization and septation patterns of the SS in a Hispanic population. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 160 paranasal sinus computed tomographies were reviewed by a head and neck-specialized radiologist and 2 otolaryngologists. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The postsellar and sellar types were the most frequent patterns of pneumatization observed, with a prevalence of 52.5 and 40%, respectively. Accessory septations were present in 59.4% of the patients. Septa were inserting over the internal carotid artery (ICA) in 43.8% and over the optic nerve in 17.5% of the population. No significant association (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05) was observed when comparing the different accessory septation patterns among the types of the SS. The frequency of septa inserting on the ICA was significantly higher in postsellar types (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). Pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process, pterygoid processes, and greater wing was present in 20, 17.5, and 45.9% of the sinuses, respectively. Onodi cells were encountered in 40% of the sinuses. There were no significant differences in any of the pneumatization and septation variables when compared by gender and age (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Differences regarding anatomical variants and septations of the SS were observed in our study when compared with findings reported in other ethnic groups. Preoperative assessment of the anatomical variants of the SS in Mexican patients is imperative to select the most optimal surgical approach and prevent iatrogenic injuries to related neurovascular structures.