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Thematische Bibliographien / Optical interrupter / Zeitschriftenartikel

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Optical interrupter“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 9. Februar 2022

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1

Zhao, Xing-hai, Guang-cun Shan, Qing Yang, Bo Yang und Yang Gao. „Optical interrupter for high peak power transfer in laser initiation systems“. Applied Optics 49, Nr. 31 (29.10.2010): 6189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.49.006189.

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2

Lin, Samuel I. En, Jhih Hung Wang, Yu Chi Chang und Jian Fu Huang. „Study of the Parametric Design and Experiment of a Single Unit Integrated Laser Photo-Interrupter“. Advanced Materials Research 422 (Dezember 2011): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.422.353.

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High-power lasers (>+21dBm), because of their ability to transmit long distance signals, have gradually become the common solution for signal transmission systems including regional cable television, Fiber To The Home (FTTH), and gigabit passive optical networks (GPON). However, if protective design is not implemented at the client-side facility, users may be exposed to health hazards caused by the high-power laser, e.g. direct eye exposure to laser beams. High-power optical adapters with photo-interrupters use metal shutter to prevent direct laser beam exposure to the eyes. They have progressively replaced conventional optical adapters and have entered the market mainstream. Our study uses the elastic-plastic theory together with parametric design to investigate the effect of geometry on the initial photo-interrupter spring-back angle. Once the metal spring-back stabilizes after several attempts of insertion and extraction, the initial springing-back angles are found to be the same as the simulated results. In our study, it is observed that factors including the ratio of the notch width to the total width of the metal shutter plate and the relationship with the boundary conditions have significant influence on the springing-back angle. These can be used as references in design control.

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3

Tekletsadik, K. „Optical fibre investigation of the arc dynamics of a spiral arc current limiting interrupter“. IEE Proceedings - Generation, Transmission and Distribution 142, Nr. 6 (1995): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-gtd:19952101.

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4

Kühn, B., B. Weber, D. Gentsch und M. Kurrat. „Influence of Varying Gaps Between TMF Contacts on Constricted High Current Vacuum Arcs“. PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY 6, Nr. 1 (2019): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ppt.2019.1.103.

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The behavior of high current arcs in vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) is interesting for research and industrial development purpose which lead to further products. To improve the interruption capability of VCB, two approaches to control the arc have been proven successful. Applying transversal magnetic fields (TMF) on the arc is use for industrial VCB in medium voltage ranges. For greater gap distances the behavior of the arc is less thoroughly investigated. <br /> In this paper, the appearance of metal vapor arcs drawn by common TMF contacts in a vacuum-test-interrupter is investigated. An adapted drive mechanism enables to interrupt a fixed current with varying gaps from 5 to 25 mm and a constant opening time. Breaking operations with a 50 Hz current are observed with a high speed camera. With increasing gap distance a changed arc appearance can be observed. The goals of this work are to be understood as a feasibility study for optical evaluation methods for vacuum arcs under TMF.

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5

Pei, X., A. C. Smith und R. Shuttleworth. „Experimental Tests of a Resistive SFCL Integrated With a Vacuum Interrupter“. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 26, Nr. 3 (April 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2016.2537144.

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6

Shao, H., M. Yamaguchi, S. Fukui, T. Sato und Y. Watanabe. „A Study on DC Hybrid Three-Phase Fault Current Limiting Interrupter“. IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 14, Nr. 2 (Juni 2004): 800–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2004.830276.

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7

Fontchastagner, J., O. Chadebec, H. Schellekens, G. Meunier und V. Mazauric. „Coupling of an electrical arc model with FEM for vacuum interrupter designs“. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 41, Nr. 5 (Mai 2005): 1600–1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2005.845023.

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8

Johnson, D., J. Barber und H. Laquer. „Commutating direct current out of a vacuum interrupter with a GTO thyristor“. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 22, Nr. 6 (November 1986): 1552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.1986.1064737.

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9

Li, L., und W. Erzhi. „Application of the Multiple Grid Method in Electric Field Calculation of High-Voltage Interrupter“. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 40, Nr. 2 (März 2004): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2004.825461.

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10

Sato, T., M. Yamaguchi, S. Fukui, Y. Watanabe, T. Matsumura und H. Shimizu. „A study on DC S/N transition type superconducting fault current limiting interrupter“. IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 13, Nr. 2 (Juni 2003): 2088–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2003.812985.

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11

Chen, Hai, Xiaoming Liu, Jia Boyan, Peiyuan Li, Wentao Jiang, Shiqi Ma und Xusong Zhang. „Improved NSPSO Algorithm and Its Application in Static Insulation Optimization of Vacuum Interrupter“. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 31, Nr. 8 (November 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2021.3103733.

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12

Khakpour, A., R. Methling, St Franke, S. Gortschakow und D. Uhrlandt. „Emission Spectroscopy During High-Current Anode Modes in Vacuum Arc“. PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY 4, Nr. 3 (2017): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ppt.2017.3.249.

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A vacuum interrupter reaches its interruption limit once high-current anode phenomena occur. High-current anode modes lead to an increase of the anode surface temperature and an increased generation of metal vapor, which may result in a weakening of the dielectric recovery strength after current zero. In this work, different discharge modes in a vacuum arc for AC 50 Hz including diffuse, footpoint, anode spot type 1 and type 2, and anode plume are investigated. Electrodes made of CuCr7525 with diameter of 10 mm are used. The final gap length is about 20 mm. Time and space resolved optical emission spectroscopy is used to examine the temporal and spatial distribution of atomic and ionic copper lines. The distribution of atomic and ionic lines parallel and perpendicular to the anode surface is investigated. Radiator density is also determined for CuI, CuII, and CuIII near the anode surface.

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13

Hori, T., A. Otani, K. Kaiho, I. Yamaguchi, M. Morita und S. Yanabu. „Study of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Using Vacuum Interrupter Driven by Electromagnetic Repulsion Force for Commutating Switch“. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 16, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2006): 1999–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2006.881809.

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14

Shao, Hongtian, Tomoyuki Satoh, Mitsugi Yamaguchi, Satoshi Fukui, Jun Ogawa, Takao Satoh und Hiroyuki Ishikawa. „A study on DC hybrid three-phase fault current limiting interrupter for a power distribution system“. Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 426-431 (Oktober 2005): 1380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2005.01.070.

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15

Wang, X. H., H. Yuan, D. X. Liu, A. J. Yang, P. Liu, L. Gao, H. B. Ding, W. T. Wang und M. Z. Rong. „A pilot study on the vacuum degree online detection of vacuum interrupter using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy“. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 49, Nr. 44 (05.10.2016): 44LT01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/49/44/44lt01.

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16

Gsellmann, J., und K. Kordesch. „An Improved Interrupter Circuit for Battery Testing: A Function Generator for the Resistance‐Free Recording of Current/Voltage Curves“. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 132, Nr. 4 (01.04.1985): 747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2113951.

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17

VanMil, Brenda L., Robert E. Stahlbush, Rachael L. Myers-Ward, Yoosuf N. Picard, S. A. Kitt, J. M. McCrate, S. L. Katz, D. Kurt Gaskill und Charles R. Eddy. „Basal Plane Dislocation Mitigation in 8º Off-Cut 4H-SiC through In Situ Growth Interrupts during Chemical Vapor Deposition“. Materials Science Forum 615-617 (März 2009): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.615-617.61.

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Conversion of basal plane dislocations (BPD) to threading edge dislocations (TED) in 8° off-cut 4H-SiC within an n+ buffer layer would eliminate the nucleation site for Shockley-type stacking faults in active device regions grown on such buffer layers. To that end, the propagation and conversion of BPDs through in situ growth interrupts is monitored using ultraviolet photoluminescence (UVPL) wafer mapping. The optimized growth interrupt scheme lasts for 45 minutes with a propane mass flow of 10 sccm at growth temperature. This scheme has shown a conversion efficiency of up to 99% for samples with electron (hole) concentrations < 5x1014 cm-3 (8x1015 cm-3). Samples subjected to a 45 or 90 minute interrupt under 10 sccm of propane, regardless of conversion efficiency, exhibit a “slit” in the surface morphology associated with each BPD and oriented perpendicular to the off-cut and BPD propagation direction. Repetition of the optimal interrupt sequence with a 5 μm epilayer spacer grown between the two interrupts resulted in the same conversion efficiency as a single optimal growth interrupt. Incorporation of the optimal interrupt into an n+ layer is more complicated as attempts to do so in layers doped with nitrogen to 2x1018, 2x1017 and 2x1016 cm-3 resulted in conversion efficiencies of ~6%.

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18

Xiaoming, L., W. Erzhi und C. Yundong. „Dynamic Arc Modeling Based on Computation of Couple Electric Field and Flow Field for High Voltage SF<tex>$_6$</tex>Interrupter“. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 40, Nr. 2 (März 2004): 601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2004.825462.

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19

ROSENBERG, ARNOLD L. „GUIDELINES FOR DATA-PARALLEL CYCLE-STEALING IN NETWORKS OF WORKSTATIONS II: ON MAXIMIZING GUARANTEED OUTPUT“. International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 11, Nr. 01 (März 2000): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054100000107.

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We derive efficient guidelines for scheduling data-parallel computations within a draconian mode of cycle-stealing in networks of workstations. In this computing regimen, (the owner of) workstation A contracts with (the owner of) workstation B to take control of B's processor for a guaranteed total of U time units, punctuated by up to some prespecified number p of interrupts which kill any work A has in progress on B. On the one hand, the high overhead — of c time units — for setting up the communications that supply workstation B with work and receive its results recommends that A communicate with B infrequently, supplying B with large amounts of work each time. On the other hand, the risk of losing work in progress when workstation B is interrupted recommends that A supply B with a long sequence of small bundles of work. In this paper, we derive two sets of scheduling guidelines that balance these conflicting pressures in a way that optimizes, up to low-order additive terms, the amount of work that A is guaranteed to accomplish during the cycle-stealing opportunity. Our non-adaptive guidelines, which employ a single fixed strategy until all p interrupts have occurred, produce schedules that achieve at least [Formula: see text] units of work. Our adaptive guidelines, which change strategy after each interrupt, produce schedules that achieve at least [Formula: see text] (low-order terms) units of work. By deriving the theoretical underpinnings of our guidelines, we show that our non-adaptive schedules are optimal in guaranteed work-output and that our adaptive schedules are within low-order additive terms of being optimal.

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20

Gay, Richard, Heiko Mantel und Henning Sudbrock. „An Empirical Bandwidth Analysis of Interrupt-Related Covert Channels“. International Journal of Secure Software Engineering 6, Nr. 2 (April 2015): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsse.2015040101.

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Interrupt-related covert channels (IRCCs) utilize hardware interrupts for enabling communication between processes. This article provides an empirical evaluation of IRCC vulnerabilities, based on an actual exploit. The evaluation combines experiments with an information-theoretic analysis for computing the channel bandwidth. The evaluation shows that a bandwidth of multiple bits per second is achievable in a desktop system via interrupts of a network interface card. This result clarifies the significance of this IRCC vulnerability for one particular system. The exploit presented is configurable, and the article provides a solution for computing an optimal exploit configuration for a given system. While side channels based on hardware interrupts have been discussed before, this is the first empirical evaluation of covert channels based on hardware interrupts.

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21

Samoichuk, Kyrylo, Sergey Kiurchev, Vadym Oleksiienko, Nadiya Palyanichka und Valentina Verholantseva. „RESEARCH INTO USAGE EFFICIENCY OF THE PULSATION MACHINE WITH A VIBRATING ROTOR FOR MILK HOMOGENIZATION“. EUREKA: Life Sciences 6 (30.11.2016): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2016.00236.

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The modification of rotor-pulsation machine – pulsation machine with a vibrating rotor (PM with VR) has been researched in the work. Rotor in such modification not only rotates but also oscillates axially with the frequency about 3000 min-1 and amplitude 0,5–1,0 mm. The aim of this research was to define specific features of milk homogenization process in PM with VR and disperse characteristics of milk emulsion. Analytical researches resulted in finding dependence of milk emulsion acceleration as a main factor of milk fat particles breakup subject to the design and kinematic parameters of PM with VR. Experimental researches were carried out on the laboratory setup of the pulsation machine with a vibrating rotor which was designed by the authors. The subject of experimental researches is cow's milk. The sizes of milk fat globules after homogenization were measured by the optical microscope equipped with a digital camera. The researches resulted in defining characteristics of milk emulsion dispersing in PM with VR. Thus acceleration grows when diameter, oscillation amplitude and rotation frequency of the rotor are increased, and channels length of the rotor and stator, the gap between them are decreased and the number of rotor openings is 4 or less. Empirical dependence between the average diameter of the fat globule (0,7–1,9 μm) and the average emulsion acceleration ((1–10)·103 m/s2) in the interrupter of PM with VR is defined which proves that the emulsion flow acceleration is the main cause of homogenization of PM with VR with 92 % confidence. High quality of the milk emulsion after processing in PM with VR has been proved. The crankshaft rotation frequencies up to 2880 rpm and rotor oscillation amplitude of 1 mm enable to receive milk emulsion with the average dispersion about 0,8 μm that corroborates using PM with VR in the industrial conditions for milk homogenization to be perspective.

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22

Kyuregyan, A. S. „Optimal Doping of Diode Current Interrupters“. Semiconductors 52, Nr. 3 (März 2018): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063782618030144.

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23

Gopalakrishnan, S., A. S. Mujumdar und M. E. Weber. „Optimal off-time in interrupted electroosmotic dewatering“. Separations Technology 6, Nr. 3 (Juli 1996): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-9618(96)00153-1.

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24

Neiburg, É. V. „Optimal selection of slabs of interrupted foundations“. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 27, Nr. 1 (Januar 1990): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02306675.

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25

Dudina, Olga, und Alexander Dudin. „Optimization of Queueing Model with Server Heating and Cooling“. Mathematics 7, Nr. 9 (21.08.2019): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7090768.

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The operation of many real-world systems, e.g., servers of data centers, is accompanied by the heating of a server. Correspondingly, certain cooling mechanisms are used. If the server becomes overheated, it interrupts processing of customers and needs to be cooled. A customer is lost when its service is interrupted. To prevent overheating and reduce the customer loss probability, we suggest temporal termination of service of new customers when the temperature of the server reaches the predefined threshold value. Service is resumed after the temperature drops below another threshold value. The problem of optimal choice of the thresholds (with respect to the chosen economical criterion) is numerically solved under quite general assumptions about the parameters of the system (Markovian arrival process, phase-type distribution of service time, and accounting for customers impatience). Numerical examples are presented.

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26

Stern, H. I. „Optimal control of a facility with periodic interrupted demand“. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 73, Nr. 3 (Juni 1992): 577–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00940057.

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27

Aspnes, D. E., Y. C. Chang, A. A. Studna, L. T. Florez, H. H. Farrell und J. P. Harbison. „Direct optical measurement of surface dielectric responses: Interrupted growth on (001) GaAs“. Physical Review Letters 64, Nr. 2 (08.01.1990): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.64.192.

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28

Kim, Ji-Chul, Kyung-Soo Kim und Soohyun Kim. „Note: A compact three-axis optical force/torque sensor using photo-interrupters“. Review of Scientific Instruments 84, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2013): 126109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4827683.

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29

Кюрегян, А. С. „Оптимальное легирование диодных прерывателей тока“. Физика и техника полупроводников 52, Nr. 3 (2018): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2018.03.45622.8550.

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AbstractAn analytical solution to the problem of a decrease in energy losses Ω in diode current interrupters is derived for the stage of recovery of the blocking ability due to optimization of the dopant distribution N ( x ) over the structure thickness. The distribution N ( x ) close to optimal is found; it makes it possible to decrease Ω by 30–55% compared with standard design interrupters with homogeneously doped high-resistivity layers.

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30

Islam, Baharul, Saiful Islam, Subroto Kumar Roy, Nur Kutubul Alam, Tahmidur Rahman und Md Habibullah Sarkar. „Interrupted Midline Fascial Closure to Prevent Burst Abdomen in Emergency Laparotomy: Comparison between Continuous and Interrupted closure“. TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 30, Nr. 2 (03.12.2018): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v30i2.39141.

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Burst abdomen represents one of the most frustrating and difficult postoperative complication that concerns every abdominal surgeon. It occurs because of various predisposing factors which can be prevented to some extend by having knowledge regarding them. Despite many years of experience, the optimal technique of laparotomy closure remains controversial. The varieties of surgical excess as well as the varieties of abdominal closure techniques are the main difficulties in the proper standardization of this procedure. In this paper a randomized prospective study was designed to compare with a interrupted and continuous technique for closing a midline abdominal fascia in emergency laparotomy. A total of 300 patients of acute abdominal condition who underwent laparotomy were randomized into two groups of 150 patients in each group. Total 22(7.33%) of 300 patients developed burst in the postoperative period. Fourteen (14) (9.33%) in continuous arms and eight (08) (5.33%) patients in interrupted arms developed burst. Burst abdomen occurring mostly 40-60 years age group with a male to female ratio of 1.68: 1. Cough, anemia, malnutrition, DM, intraperitoneal sepsis, wound infection, uremia and abdominal distension were the important predisposing factors for the incidence of burst abdomen. Interrupted suturing was associated with significantly reduced the burst abdomen when comparing with continuous closure.TAJ 2017; 30(2): 69-75

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31

Nikitin, L. V., D. N. Kudryavcev, I. V. Shashkov und A. P. Kazakov. „Investigation of Magnetorheological Suspensions by Optical Methods“. Solid State Phenomena 152-153 (April 2009): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.152-153.151.

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In this work we studied magnetorheological suspensions, which are produced by dispersion of magnetic particles in liquid polymer matrix, based on natural and synthetic rubber. Such suspensions are the raw materials for creation of new high-elastic magneto-controlled composite materials (magnitoelastics[1-4]). Processes of aggregation and structurization of magnetic particles in suspension are also examined. We discovered that motion of magnetic clusters in oligomer solution has interrupted character. Such behavior can be explained by interaction of magnetic clusters moving in not uniform magnetic field with polymer net fragments. Evaluation of polymer net’s elastic properties was calculated.

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32

Komínek, Petr. „Heat Supply Optimization“. Advanced Materials Research 1041 (Oktober 2014): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1041.139.

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Due to the energetic evaluation of buildings, the solutions for optimal heat supply are a problem of current interest. The topicality of this problem is underlined by the European Union requirements for reducing the energetic demands of buildings by the year 2020.From the operational point of view, most of the heating systems seem to be optimal; however, with the use of the results of this detailed analysis it is possible to make even further improvement. The objective is not to supply more heat energy than necessary in order to achieve energy saving. This reduction of heat supply can be achieved by the use of the heat accumulation potential of the building by means of appropriately chosen heating mode. By operation modes are meant a mode with constant heating and a mode with interrupted heating.In this sample case of non-stationary simulation during the interrupted heating regime it is possible to demonstrate the potential saving achieved by the chosen interrupted heating mode. The case study is conducted on a secondary school building. In this project, supported by the specific investigation project on the Faculty of Civil Engineering, I carried out an experiment of an interrupted mode, which was also supported by a theoretical part, in which a non-stationary calculation was used.This contribution suggests the possibility to save energy by optimization of the heat supply. It also presents the difference between a stationary and non-stationary solution to this problem.

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Kawabe, Ken-ichi, und Akihiko Yokoyama. „Minimization of Interrupted Power by Optimal Power Flow Control with Multiple UPFCs“. IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 129, Nr. 12 (2009): 1457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.129.1457.

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34

Pierre, P., J. Farenc, P. Destruel und M. Lescure. „X‐ray sensor based on a plastic optical fiber for monitoring high voltage interrupters“. Review of Scientific Instruments 67, Nr. 2 (Februar 1996): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146638.

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35

Zhang, Ruijie, Xiaoyan Liu, Zhaopeng Wang und Fei Gao. „Effects of interrupted aging on the intergranular corrosion behavior of Al–Cu–Mg–Ag heat-resistant alloy“. World Journal of Engineering 13, Nr. 6 (05.12.2016): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-09-2016-0079.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to research the effects of interrupted aging on the corrosion behavior of Al–Cu–Mg–Ag heat-resistant alloy by means of intergranular corrosion (IGC) testing, potentiodynamic polarization combined with optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Design/methodology/approach The results show that the IGC began on the grain boundaries and continued along the grain boundary. The corrosion resistance property of Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloy was enhanced by interrupted aging. The precipitations of the interrupted aged sample both in the grains and on the grain boundaries were fine, and the chain-like phases on the grain boundary were distributed nearly continuously. Findings The corrosion resistance of Al–Cu–Mg series Al alloy with equilibrium phase (Al2Cu) is notably determined by precipitation-free zone (PFZ) as the self-corrosion potentials of (Al2Cu), PFZ and the matrix satisfied the relation EPFZ < Eθ<EMatrix. Originality/value The connections of the PFZ on both sides of the grain boundary decreased the corrosion resistance of Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloy treated by the single aging.

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Davenport, J. M., und M. E. Duffy. „Current Interrupt System“. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 18, Nr. 1 (Januar 1989): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00994480.1989.10748737.

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37

Huang, S., Z. H. Ming, Y. L. Soo, Y. H. Kao, T. Chang, L. P. Fu, G. D. Gilliland, J. Klem und M. Hafich. „Studies of Interfacial Roughness of GaAs/AlAs Superlattices by Grazing Incidence X-Ray Scattering“. Modern Physics Letters B 11, Nr. 24 (20.10.1997): 1057–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984997001274.

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A series of type-II GaAs/AlAs superlattices epitaxially grown with different interrupts have been investigated using the techniques of grazing incidence X-ray scattering and diffraction. The interrupts are specifically designed to alter the interfacial roughness in the superlattices for the present study. Various structural parameters including the layer thickness, interfacial roughness, and intra-layer correlation lengths of fluctuations in the quantum-well widths have been determined. These results are compared with measurements made on the same set of samples using photoluminescence and optical imaging techniques.

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Goudar, Suma P., Sanket S. Shah und Girish S. Shirali. „Echocardiography of coarctation of the aorta, aortic arch hypoplasia, and arch interruption: strategies for evaluation of the aortic arch“. Cardiology in the Young 26, Nr. 8 (Dezember 2016): 1553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951116001670.

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AimEchocardiography is the modality of choice for the diagnosis and serial follow-up of aortic arch pathology. In this article, we review the types of obstruction of the aortic arch, various classification schemes of coarctation of the aorta and interrupted aortic arch, methodology for optimal echocardiographic imaging of the aortic arch, and key echocardiographic measurements for accurate diagnosis of obstruction and hypoplasia of the aortic arch. Finally, we will discuss the limitations of echocardiography in optimal imaging of the aortic arch and the use of other non-invasive imaging modalities such as CT or MRI to provide additional information in these cases.BackgroundCoarctation of the aorta is the more common lesion of the two, with an estimated incidence of four in every 10,000 live births in the United States of America. Interrupted aortic arch is rarer, with an incidence of 19 per one million live births.1 There is a spectrum of pathology of obstruction of the aortic arch, ranging from coarctation of the aorta with and without hypoplasia of the arch to interrupted aortic arch. Both these lesions are frequently encountered in congenital cardiology practice, and will be discussed in the remainder of this article. Obstruction of the aortic arch in the setting of hypoplastic left heart structures or atresia of the aortic valve is beyond the scope of this review and will not be discussed further.

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Halvax, Peter, Michele Diana, Yoshihiro Nagao, Jacques Marescaux und Lee Swanström. „Experimental Evaluation of the Optimal Suture Pattern With a Flexible Endoscopic Suturing System“. Surgical Innovation 24, Nr. 3 (21.03.2017): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1553350617697184.

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Background. The ability to perform reliable, secure endoluminal closure of the gastrointestinal tract wall, is a prerequisite to support the progress of the emerging field of endoluminal surgery. Along with advanced clipping systems, flexible endoscopic suturing devices are commercially available. Current systems can replicate traditional surgical suturing patterns in the endoluminal environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the optimal endoluminal suturing technique using a flexible endoscopic suturing device. Materials and Methods. Procedures were performed on bench-top simulators containing 20 explanted porcine stomachs. A standardized 3-cm full-thickness incision was created on the anterior wall of each stomach using monopolar cautery. The gastrotomy was closed endoscopically using an over-the-scope suturing device (OverStitch, Apollo Endosurgery; Austin, TX). Three different techniques were used: single stitches, figure-of-8 pattern, and running suture. Material consumption and operation time were recorded and bursting pressure measurement of the closure was performed. Results. No statistically significant differences were identified in suturing time. Suturing time (minutes) was slightly shorter with the figure-of-8 technique (41.14 ± 4.6) versus interrupted (45.75 ± 1.1) versus continuous (51.44 ± 10.0), but the difference was not statistically significant. The number of sutures required was greater in the interrupted group. No significant difference was found in the burst pressure (mm Hg): figure-of-8 (45.85 ± 26.2) versus interrupted (30.5 ± 22.89) versus continuous (32.0 ± 26.5). In the figure-of-8 group, 85.5% of cases were leakproof above 30 mm Hg, while in the other groups only 50% of cases were so. Conclusion. A figure-of-8 suturing pattern seems to be the preferable suturing technique with the endoscopic suturing device.

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Munoz, D. P., D. M. Waitzman und R. H. Wurtz. „Activity of neurons in monkey superior colliculus during interrupted saccades“. Journal of Neurophysiology 75, Nr. 6 (01.06.1996): 2562–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.6.2562.

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1. Recent studies of the monkey superior colliculus (SC) have identified several types of cells in the intermediate layers (including burst, buildup, and fixation neurons) and the sequence of changes in their activity during the generation of saccadic eye movements. On the basis of these observations, several hypotheses about the organization of the SC leading to saccade generation have placed the SC in a feedback loop controlling the amplitude and direction of the impending saccade. We tested these hypotheses about the organization of the SC by perturbing the system while recording the activity of neurons within the SC. 2. We applied a brief high-frequency train of electrical stimulation among the fixation cells in the rostral pole of the SC. This momentarily interrupted the saccade in midflight: after the initial eye acceleration, the eye velocity decreased (frequently to 0) and then again accelerated. Despite the break in the saccade, these interrupted saccades were of about the same amplitude as normal saccades. The postinterruption saccades were usually initiated immediately after the termination of stimulation and occurred regardless of whether the saccade target was visible or not. The velocity-amplitude relationship of the preinterruption component of the saccade fell slightly above the main sequence for control saccades of that amplitude, whereas postinterruption saccades fell near the main sequence. 3. Collicular burst neurons are silent during fixation and discharge a robust burst of action potentials for saccades to a restricted region of the visual field that define a closed movement field. During the stimulation-induced saccadic interruption, these burst neurons all showed a pause in their high-frequency discharge. During an interrupted saccade to a visual target, the typical saccade-related burst was broken into two parts: the first part of the burst began before the initial preinterruption saccade; the second burst began before the postinterruption saccade. 4. We quantified three aspects of the resumption of activity of burst neurons following saccade interruption: 1) the total number of spikes in the pre- and postinterruption bursts, was very similar to the total number of spikes in the control saccade burst; 2) the increase in total duration of the burst (preinterruption period + interruption + postinterruption period) was highly correlated with the increase in total saccade duration (preinterruption saccade + interruption + postinterruption saccade); and 3) the time course of the postinterruption saccade and the resumed cell discharge both followed the same monotonic trajectory as the control saccade in most cells. 5. The same population of burst neurons was active for both the preinterruption and the postinterruption saccades, provided that the stimulation was brief enough to allow the postinterruption saccade to occur immediately. If the postinterruption saccade was delayed by > 100 ms, then burst neurons at a new and more rostral locus related to such smaller saccades became active in association with the smaller remaining saccade. We interpret this shift in active locations within the SC as a termination of the initial saccadic error command and the triggering of a new one. 6. Buildup neurons usually had two aspects to their discharge: a high-frequency burst for saccades of the optimal amplitude and direction (similar to burst neurons), and a low-frequency discharge for saccades of optimal direction whose amplitudes were equal to or greater than the optimal (different from burst neurons). The stimulation-induced interruption in saccade trajectory differentially affected these two components of buildup neuron discharge. The high-frequency burst component was affected in a manner very similar to the burst neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)

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Hua, Zhengli, Wenzhong Luo, Tao He, Qiang Lei, Longzhou Wang und Xianghong Liu. „Effect of Melting Interruption on Composition and Microstructure of BT22 Ingot in VAR“. MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 10008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032110008.

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BT22 ingot was remelted by vacuum arc remelting (VAR) furnace with a melting rate of 20kg/min. The power of VA R was interrupted for five minutes when the weight of the remelted ingot is approximately 4000 kg. The melting process was then resumed at the same melting rate after the five minutes interruption. Optical microscopy (OM), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) were utilized to analyze the microstructure, composition and distribution of elements. No significant microstructural difference was oberved at the remelting interrupted region. The variation of Al, Mo, V, Cr, Fe contents between the melting interruption region and normal region is within 0.23 wt%. The distribution of elements in equiaxed grains of the melting interruption region and the normal regions were compared by EPMA analysis. The contents of Al, V, Fe and Cr increase from the center of equiaxed grains to their grain boundaries. The content of Mo decreases from the center of equiaxed grains to their grain boundaries. The trend of element content in the normal region is similar to that of the melting interrupted region. Key words: BT22; ingot; composition; microstructure

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Koteles, Emil S., B. S. Elman, C. Jagannath und Y. J. Chen. „Temperature‐dependent optical spectra of single quantum wells fabricated using interrupted molecular beam epitaxial growth“. Applied Physics Letters 49, Nr. 21 (24.11.1986): 1465–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.97304.

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Ahmad, Roslee, und M. B. A. Asmael. „Effect of Rare Earth Metals on Diffusion and Porosity Deformation of Al-11Si-2Cu Cast Alloy“. Advanced Materials Research 1133 (Januar 2016): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.305.

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The effect of rare earth additions on diffusion and porosity deformation of Al-11Si-Cu alloy was investigated. The microstructure was characterized by optical microscope. By adding small amount of La and Ce, the porosity can be reduced. As the amount of La and Ce were increased, the porosity defects were diffused and increased in microstructure. RE intermetallic indicates Al-Cu phase interrupted the quality of Al-Si-Cu casting alloy.

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Zhao, Guo Fang, und Zhan You Yan. „An Algorithm to Improve the Quality of Service in Mere Network“. Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (Januar 2013): 1282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.1282.

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Transmission of traffic in optical network, the network may interrupt transmission because some component failures. In order to avoid such things, and in order to ensure a reliable business streaming, we proposed an algorithm to improve the service quality of the optical network. This algorithm is that some links used the protected road in the optical network link. In addition, this algorithm also supports traffic grooming. By this algorithm, the success rate of the users establishing a connection can be improved, and the quality of service of the network can be ultimately improved.

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Aamodt, L. C., und J. C. Murphy. „Thermal effects in materials with continuously varying optical and thermal properties in one dimension“. Canadian Journal of Physics 64, Nr. 9 (01.09.1986): 1221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p86-213.

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The complex heat-flow pattern in a heterogeneous sample makes the thermal analysis of these materials difficult. In this paper, we consider heterogeneous materials with continuously varying parameters in one dimension. Although this analysis is directed toward photothermal applications, specifically those using broad-beam illumination, it has many features in common with general harmonic heat flow.The analysis shows that harmonic heat flow is interrupted by spatial variations in the sample's thermal and optical properties via two different types of heat barriers, one depending exclusively on thermal properties (thermal barriers) and the other depending upon both optical and thermal properties (optical–thermal barriers). Thermal barriers are created by spatial variations in thermal effusivity whereas the optical-thermal barriers are created by spatial variations in the ratio of the thermal-diffusion length to the optical-absorption length. The character of the optical–thermal barriers is affected by optical saturation in the sample.The temperature distribution in a heterogeneous sample is interpreted in terms of thermal waves providing an intuitive guide for analyzing heat flow in heterogeneous materials.The surface temperature is also obtained in a general form suitable for both heterogeneous and homogeneous calculations.

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Davies, M. A., J. R. Pratt, B. Dutterer und T. J. Burns. „Stability Prediction for Low Radial Immersion Milling“. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 124, Nr. 2 (29.04.2002): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1455030.

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Traditional regenerative stability theory predicts a set of optimally stable spindle speeds at integer fractions of the natural frequency of the most flexible mode of the system. The assumptions of this theory become invalid for highly interrupted machining, where the ratio of time spent cutting to not cutting (denoted ρ) is small. This paper proposes a new stability theory for interrupted machining that predicts a doubling in the number of optimally stable speeds as the value of ρ becomes small. The results of the theory are supported by numerical simulation and experiment. It is anticipated that the theory will be relevant for choosing optimal machining parameters in high-speed peripheral milling operations where the radial depth of cut is only a small fraction of the tool diameter.

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Nova, T. F., A. S. Disa, M. Fechner und A. Cavalleri. „Metastable ferroelectricity in optically strained SrTiO3“. Science 364, Nr. 6445 (13.06.2019): 1075–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw4911.

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Fluctuating orders in solids are generally considered high-temperature precursors of broken symmetry phases. However, in some cases, these fluctuations persist to zero temperature and prevent the emergence of long-range order. Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is a quantum paraelectric in which dipolar fluctuations grow upon cooling, although a long-range ferroelectric order never sets in. Here, we show that optical excitation of lattice vibrations can induce polar order. This metastable polar phase, observed up to temperatures exceeding 290 kelvin, persists for hours after the optical pump is interrupted. Furthermore, hardening of a low-frequency vibration points to a photoinduced ferroelectric phase transition, with a spatial domain distribution suggestive of a photoflexoelectric coupling.

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Keller, Petr. „Optimal Cutting Conditions for Surface Finishing of Parts Made of Photopolymers“. Materials Science Forum 862 (August 2016): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.862.192.

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The article deals with finishing parts manufactured by means of PolyJet 3D Printing additive technology using Objet500 Connex made of polymers with trade names "Vero White Plus" and "Digital ABS". A turning technology on a CNC turning lathe was used for finishing the surface of the parts. The goal of this article is to find optimal cutting conditions for finishing operations by turning of these materials with regard to the best surface quality possible even during interrupted cutting.

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Feng, Dejun, Letao Xu, Wei Wang und Hui Yang. „Radar target echo cancellation using interrupted-sampling repeater“. IEICE Electronics Express 11, Nr. 8 (2014): 20130997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.11.20130997.

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Kousaka, Takuji, und Hiroyuki Asahara. „Dynamical mechanism for interrupted circuit with switching delay“. IEICE Electronics Express 6, Nr. 12 (2009): 806–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.6.806.

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