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Thematische Bibliographien / Organised beings / Bücher

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Bücher zum Thema „Organised beings“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 14. Februar 2022

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1

Bruckert, Chris. Trafficking in human beings and organized crime: A literature review. Ottawa, Ont: Research and Evaluation Branch, Community, Contract and Aboriginal Policing Services Directorate, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 2003.

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2

Bruckert, Chris. Trafficking in human beings and organized crime: A literature review. [Ottawa]: Research and Evaluation Branch, Community, Contract and Aboriginal Policing Services Directorate, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 2002.

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3

International Association of Landscape Ecology. Working Group 'Culture and Landscape'. International Conference. Cultural aspects of landscape: First International Conference organized by the Working Group 'Culture and Landscape' of the International Association for Landscape Ecology (IALE), Castle Groeneveld, Baarn, The Netherlands, 28-30 June 1989. Herausgegeben von Svobodov́ Hana. Wageningen, Netherlands: Pudoc, 1990.

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4

Doughton, Morgan J. A business of my very own!: How the opportunity is being organized to challenge disadvantaged youth. Washington, D.C. (1651 Fuller Street, NW, Washington 20009): National Association of Neighborhoods, 1992.

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5

Almqvist, Kjerstin. Refugee children: Effects of organized violence and forced migration on young children's well-being and development. Sweden: Dept. of Psychology, Göteborg University, 1997.

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6

Nice), Colloque international sur la pensée antique (5th 1995 Faculté des lettres de. Les origines de l'homme d'après les anciens: Vème colloque international sur la pensée antique : actes du colloque organisé par le CRHI (Centre de recherches d'histoires des idées) : les 5-7 octobre 1995 à la Faculté des lettres de Nice. Sophia-Antipolis: Université de Nice, 1998.

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7

52 secrets to being a c.o.r.e. employee!: (capable. organized. reliable. empowered.) : an insider's guide to unlimited career success. Oxnard, Calif: Vanguard Press, 2009.

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8

Filenko, O. F. Antropogennye vlii︠a︡nii︠a︡ na vodnye ėkosistemy: Po materialam konferent︠s︡ii, posvi︠a︡shchennoĭ 100-letii︠u︡ so dni︠a︡ rozhdenii︠a︡ prof. N.S. Stroganova. Moskva: T-vo nauch. izd.KMK, 2005.

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9

Volchet︠s︡kai︠a︡, T. S. Combating organized crime: Criminal-procedural and criminalistic aspects of combating human trafficking in human beings, illegal drug and arms trafficking, environmental crimes : materials of the international conference dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the Department of Criminal Procedure, Criminalistics and Legal Informatics. Kaliningrad: I. Kant State University of Russia Press, 2009.

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10

Osipitan, Taiwo. Nigerian criminal law and the Geneva conventions: Being paper presented at the National Workshop on International Humanitarian Law organised by the Department of Jurisprudence and International Law, 7th-9th January 1992. [Lagos?]: T. Osipitan, 1992.

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11

Party building in Nigeria: Building the DA as a revolutionary party : being papers presented at orientation courses organized by the Nigerian Peoples Institute for Democracy (NIPID), Party School of the Democratic Alternative (DA). Abuja: Democratic Alternative, 2009.

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12

A, Aalen F. H., Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Dept. of Geography. und Irish Planning Institute, Hrsg. The Future of the Irish rural landscape: Papers presented at a conference organised by the Dept. of Geography, Trinity College, Dublin, and the Irish Planning Institute held at Trinity College, Dublin, 19th March 1985. [Dublin]: Dept. of Geography, Trinity College Dublin, 1985.

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13

The Spiritual Art of Being Organized. Winter's Daughter Press, 2004.

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14

You Can Work It Being Smart Being Creative Being Assertive Being In Control Getting Organized And Attaining Goals. Continental, 2008.

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15

Matthews, Rupert. Avoid Being a 1920's Gangster! Book House (2010), 2010.

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16

Sullivan, Mark D. Seeking the Roots of Health and Action in Biological Autonomy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195386585.003.0010.

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The roots of biological autonomy and health are the same. Goals make biology distinct as a science, for without goals, we cannot understand why a biological trait exists. Organisms are autonomous biological entities because they define what is inside and what is outside themselves. This boundary between inner and outer gives the organism a self-referential purpose. Claude Bernard made experimental physiology possible with his concept of the internal environment, but he was unable to explain how the organism established the boundary between itself and its environment. Hence, homeostasis portrays the organism as reactive not active. Autopoiesis is an alternative defining characteristic of living beings. It generates biological autonomy through additional biological constraint on chemical processes, not through a special vital force. Healthy organisms can construct their own environmental niche. For humans, this niche is social and is constructed with a social physiology. Both exercise and education increase health by increasing capacity for niche construction.

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17

Felton, Sandra. Messie No More: Understanding and Overcoming the Roadblocks to Being Organized. Revell, 2002.

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18

Lever, Andrew, und Sian Coggle. Nature and demographics: Epidemiology of infective organisms. Herausgegeben von Patrick Davey und David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0304.

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An infection is an interaction between a host and a parasitic microorganism, with the interaction being deleterious to the host. Its occurrence and outcome are a combination of the nature of the organism, the site at which it is found, and the competence of the host defensive (immune) system. There are around 1500 documented agents that are infectious for man. This chapter reviews the epidemiology of infective organisms.

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19

Pierre, Hauck. Part IV Transnational Organised Crime as Matter of Certain Branches of International Law, 21 Transnational Organised Crime and International Criminal Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198733737.003.0021.

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At first sight, transnational organised crime (TOC) and international criminal law (ICL) are completely separate: the four ICL core crimes constitute the most heinous crimes, committed by political and military leaders of armed conflicts, whereas TOC as lower-level deviance being committed by private individuals falls short of that. This chapter takes a closer look at this relationship and discovers the lines between these two areas to be blurred: because, as international crimes, they have already been discussed in that context (e.g. while drafting the Rome Statute), and nowadays TOC can even amount to one of the four core crimes de lege lata in individual cases. Apart from that, TOC can also evolve into international crimes de lege ferenda once universal jurisdiction can be established. The chapter concludes that although TOC typically characterizes crime that is different to the four core ICL crimes, both areas approximate greatly in different ways.

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20

Wald, Priscilla. Replicant Being. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456368.003.0021.

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In 1980, the Supreme Court determined that a genetically modified organism was patentable. Ten years later, the California Supreme Court ruled that a person did not have ownership rights in his cells. Both cases were crucial for the development of biotechnology as a multibillion dollar business. Both also contributed to changing conceptions of the human and of life itself. This chapter chronicles legal and political efforts to resolve the hazy definitions of life and the human as they move through the mainstream media and popular culture and contribute to an emerging narrative of humanity for a global age.

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21

Springer, Steve, Kimberly Persiani und Brandy Alexander. Organized Teacher's Guide to Being a Creative Teacher, Grades K-6, Third Edition. McGraw-Hill Education, 2019.

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22

Latifa, Hénia, und Groupe de recherche sur la variabilité du climat et l'homme en Tunisie., Hrsg. Variabilité du climat et stratégies d'adaptation humaine en Tunisie: Actes du colloque international organisé par le GREVACHOT, Tunis, 8-10 décembre 1994. [Tunis]: Université du Tunis I, 1996.

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23

Brozgal, Lia, und Sara Kippur, Hrsg. Being Contemporary. Liverpool University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781781382639.001.0001.

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Being Contemporary emerges from a sense of critical urgency to probe the notion of ‘the contemporary’, and the place of the contemporary critic, in French literary and cultural studies today. Consisting of twenty-two critical essays written by scholars in the field of French studies, the volume offers a sustained reflection on the status of the contemporary in French culture and takes a close look at the contemporary moment itself, as well as its concomitant discourse of crisis. The volume is split into four sections. The first section, ‘Conceptualizing the Contemporary’, offers distinct disciplinary approaches to broader questions about time, period, and categorization. The second section, ‘Contemporary Politics and French Thought’, brings broader theoretical inquiries to bear on the political sphere. The third section, ‘The Second World War and Vichy: Present Perspectives’, rearticulates the concern that the difficult negotiation of the past continues to haunt the present. The fourth section, ‘Writing the Contemporary Self’, features essays that probe the limits of autobiographical writing and self-representation. The fifth section, ‘Novel Rereadings’, offers new interpretations of monumental works of French fiction by literary giants such as Flaubert, Colette, Proust, Beckett. The sixth and final section, ‘Memory: Past and Future’, concludes with three different approaches to memory and representation. The essays in this volume, organised by theme rather than by definitions or denotations, encourage an expansive and elastic theoretical framework that charts a broad conceptual course and attempts to define what it means to ‘be contemporary’ both broadly and in terms of practice.

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24

Lindberg, Casey M., Meredith A. Banasiak, Ryan M. Shindler und Esther M. Sternberg. Place and Well-Being. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190241254.003.0007.

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Various fields of research have developed to better understand the health and behavioral effects of environmental characteristics such as air quality and the way our homes and neighborhoods are organized. A synergy of many previously disparate fields of research is underway, aided in part by recent advances in technology. Better sensors, including wearable physiological and environmental monitors, are enabling researchers to more readily study the interactions between environment characteristics and both mental and physical well-being. This new evidence-based research direction adds a much-needed layer of quantitative data to previous, largely qualitative, findings. Moreover, an increased understanding of the environment’s effects on humans can result in not just the alleviation of negative environmental characteristics but also the promotion of positive environmental characteristics. This chapter offers samples of environmental effects on human health and well-being in the following categories: environmental quality, natural systems, sensory environments, physical activity, safety, and social connectedness.

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25

Erdal, Kristi. Adulteration of Children's Sports: Waning Health and Well-Being in the Age of Organized Play. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2020.

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26

Adulteration of Children's Sports: Waning Health and Well-Being in the Age of Organized Play. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2018.

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27

Kenney, Padraic. “You Have the Consolation of Being Very Much in the Fight”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199375745.003.0005.

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Political prisoners leave behind a cause and a movement, and endeavor to represent them and to stay in contact while behind bars. They live in a world beyond the imagining of most of their fellow citizens. Whatever a movement loses when its leaders and enthusiasts go to jail, it faces the difficult challenge of keeping them relevant to the cause. This chapter explores the mechanics, limitations, and opportunities of letter writing, and examines the history of escapes from prison. Prisoner assistance movements in many cases—in particular Polish leftists fighting for independence, Irish Republicans, and the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa—were organized and led by women. Communists in Poland and around the world organized prisoner assistance as a way to inspire and mobilize support for the cause

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28

Lombardo, Robert M. Street Crew Neighborhoods. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037306.003.0009.

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This chapter focuses on the organized crime neighborhoods of Chicago, with particular emphasis on five communities in the metropolitan area with a history of being associated with organized crime: Taylor Street, Grand Avenue, Twenty-sixth Street, the North Side, and the suburb of Chicago Heights. These communities are the locations of the five original “street crews,” or branches, of the Chicago Outfit. In addition to these areas, a number of other Chicago communities have a reputation of being associated with organized crime. These communities differ, however, in that they are all descendant from the five original street crew neighborhoods. The chapter reviews the history of organized crime in each of these street crew neighborhoods and offers a sociological explanation for their emergence in conformance with social organizational theories of crime. It argues that Mafia traditions had no bearing on the existence of racket subcultures in these neighborhoods; instead, organized crime was the direct result of machine politics and the differential organization of these communities.

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29

The Joy Of Being A Control Freak The 8020 Way To A Happy Healthy Organized Life. Booklocker.com, 2011.

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30

Les origines de l'homme d'apres les anciens: Veme colloque international sur la pensee antique : Actes du colloque organise par le CRHI (Centre de recherches ... lettres, arts, et sciences humaines de Nice). Universite de Nice, 1998.

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31

The invaders: How humans and their dogs drove Neanderthals to extinction. 2015.

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32

Huneman, Philippe, und Charles T. Wolfe. Man-Machines and Embodiment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190490447.003.0011.

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A common and enduring early modern intuition is that materialists reduce organisms in general and human beings in particular to automata. Wasn’t a famous book of the time (1748) entitled L’Homme-Machine? In fact, the machine is employed as an analogy, and there was a specifically materialist form of embodiment, in which the body is not reduced to an inanimate machine, but is conceived as an affective, flesh-and-blood entity. This paper discusses how mechanist and vitalist models of organism exist in a more complementary relation than hitherto imagined, with conceptions of embodiment resulting from experimental physiology. From La Mettrie to Bernard, mechanism, body and embodiment are constantly overlapping, modifying and overdetermining one another; embodiment came to be scientifically addressed under the successive figures of vie organique and then milieu intérieur, thereby overcoming the often lamented divide between scientific image and living experience.

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33

Decoeur, Henri. The Potential Role of the UN Security Council in the Suppression of State Organized Crime. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823933.003.0008.

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Chapter 7 discusses the potential role of the UN Security Council in the suppression of state organized crime. It suggests that in situations involving armed violence or a terrorist threat, state organized crime can be characterized as a threat to the peace, which opens the door for the adoption by the Security Council of coercive measures under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. It proposes that the Security Council require UN member states to establish state organized crime as a criminal offence in their domestic law and to cooperate to bring offenders to justice. It also proposes that the Security Council require member states to freeze the assets owned by state officials suspected of being involved in state organized crime.

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34

Kockelman, Paul. Secrecy, Poetry, and Being-Free. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190636531.003.0003.

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This chapter asks two questions: What are some of the secrets of networks? And what might constitute their poetics, an aesthetic means of revealing their secrets? It leverages the relation between codes and channels, delving into two topics that link them: degrees of freedom and secrets. By degrees of freedom is meant the number of independent dimensions needed to specify the state of a system. This chapter argues that even relatively commensurate systems, which have identical degrees of freedom, can have different secrets—understood as inherent symmetries that organize their sense-making capacities. This chapter also shows how channels as well as codes can have inherent secrets (in addition to their ability to keep and reveal secrets in more stereotypic ways). By extending the notion of poetics, it shows how such systems can be made to reveal their secrets. As will be seen, all this is a way of reinterpreting the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (i.e., the idea that the language one speaks affects the way one thinks), such that this hypothesis can be usefully applied to media more generally (such as interfaces, algorithms, infrastructure, and networks).

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35

Clarke, Andrew. Metabolism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0008.

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Metabolism is driven by redox reactions, in which part of the difference in potential energy between the electron donor and acceptor is used by the organism for its life processes (with the remainder being dissipated as heat). The key process is intermediary metabolism, by which the energy stored in reserves (glycogen, starch, lipid, protein) is transferred to ATP. In aerobic respiration the electrons released from reserves are passed to oxygen, which is thereby reduced to water. Not all ATP regeneration involves oxygen as the final electron acceptor, and not all oxygen is used for ATP regeneration, but oxygen consumption is often the simplest and most practical way to measure the rate of intermediary metabolism and the errors in doing so are believed to be small. The costs of existence, as estimated by resting metabolism, represent only a part (~ 25%) of the daily energy expenditure of organisms. The costs of the organism’s ecology (growth, reproduction, movement and so on) are additional to existence costs. Resting metabolic rate increases with cell temperature, indicating that it costs more energy to maintain a warm cell than it does a cool or cold cell. The temperature sensitivity of resting metabolism is highly conserved across organisms.

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36

Decoeur, Henri. The Potential Role of International Criminal Tribunals in the Suppression of State Organized Crime. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823933.003.0009.

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Chapter 8 outlines the potential merits and challenges of prosecuting individuals suspected of being involved in state organized crime before international criminal courts and tribunals. It identifies potential advantages common to international criminal courts and tribunals, namely the unavailability of jurisdictional immunities as a procedural bar, the greater likelihood of a genuine investigation, the existence of formal rules to deal with concurrent claims of jurisdiction, the capacity to address complex cases of system criminality, and the expressive potential of international criminal courts and tribunals. It then considers the respective advantages and disadvantages of different institutional mechanisms that could be used or adapted for the prosecution of state organized crime, examining in turn the International Criminal Court, ad hoc tribunals, and the future criminal chamber of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights.

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37

S, Volchet︠s︡kai︠a︡ T., und Rossiĭskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. I. Kanta., Hrsg. Combating organized crime: Criminal-procedural and criminalistic aspects of combating human trafficking in human beings, illegal drug and arms trafficking, environmental crimes : materials of the international conference dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the Department of Criminal Procedure, Criminalistics and Legal Informatics. Kaliningrad: I. Kant State University of Russia Press, 2009.

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38

Gillett, Grant, und Rom Harré. Discourse and Diseases of the Psyche. Herausgegeben von K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini und Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0022.

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The discursive approach to psychiatry, taking as it does an ethological approach to the human organism, directs us to rules and story lines that structure our ways of dealing with the challenges thrown up by particular situated positions in our discursive world. For human beings this means engaging with the sense they are making of the world and the words they use to try and communicate that (to themselves and others). Doing things with words is behavior that draws on certain skills attuned to prompts, cues, expectations, and so on, all of which can go seriously awry in any setting where certain features are unfamiliar or where one of the participants is "impaired" or out of step with prevailing norms and assumptions. Discursive competence and the reality of the human psyche as a mode of being-in-relation-with others crucially depends on intact neural function and brain pathways slowly and cumulatively developed throughout life and is vulnerable to disruption of that substrate. Hysteria (or conversion disorder) and dementia represent two very different situations in which the discursive mismatch between an individual and his or her context of being causes the voice (and soul) of a person to be "lost in translation" so that understanding what is happening and then care and restoration demand a great deal of us not just as biomedical scientists but also as human beings who are reaching out to those who suffer and try to endure (patients) so as to help hold them in being.

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39

Shipman, Pat. Hito to inu ga Neanderutāru-jin o zetsumetsu saseta. 2015.

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40

Minnich, Jerry. The Wisconsin Almanac: Being a Loosely Organized Compendium of Facts, History, Lore, Remembrances, Puzzles, Recipes, and Both Household and Gardenin. North Country Press, Inc, 1989.

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41

Wheat, L. Joseph, und Lynn Guptill. Histoplasmosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0076.

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Histoplasma was initially described from a lesion in a horse by Rivolta in 1873, who named the organism Cryptococcus farciminosum. In 1905, Samuel Darling noted the presence of intracellular organisms in many tissues, including the lungs, of a patient suspected of succumbing to miliary tuberculosis (Darling 1906). Darling named the organism Histoplasma capsulatum , because it appeared to be an encapsulated protozoan-like organism. In 1912, mycologist Henrique da Rocha-Lima reviewed Darling’s slides and noted the cytological similarities between Darling’s Histoplasma organism and Cryptococcus farciminosum. Cryptococcus farciminosum was reclassified as Histoplasma farciminosum in 1934, and in 1985 it was again reclassified as a variant of Histoplasma capsulatum (var. farciminosum ) (Weeks et al. 1985).William De Monbreun cultured the organism from the blood of a child suffering from an unexplained febrile disease in 1934, and demonstrated it to be a dimorphic fungus (De Monbreun 1934). De Monbreun and others reported naturally occurring histoplasmosis in a dog in 1939, and subsequently demonstrated experimentally that clinically inapparent histoplasmosis occurred in dogs (De Monbreun 1939). De Monbreun and others speculated that animals might serve as the source of histoplasmosis in human beings. However, C.W. Emmons demonstrated in 1949 that Histoplasma capsulatum is a soil saprophyte, and that inhalation of aerosolized microconidia and mycelial fragments served as the source of infection (Emmons 1949).The prevalence of histoplasmosis in endemic regions was estimated to be more than 50% based on positive skin tests for histoplasmin (Edwards et al. 1969). Active histoplasmosis has been identifi ed in up to 50% of dogs in endemic regions based on culture at necropsy of healthy animals (Turner et al. 1972a). The case prevalence of disseminated histoplasmosis at a veterinary teaching hospital in an endemic region of the mid-western USA of 43 cases in cats and 12 cases in dogs per 100,000 hospital records per year has been estimated (Clinkenbeard et al. 1988; Kaplan 1973). Dogs and cats with outdoor exposure are reportedly at greater risk for histoplasmosis than those with minimal time outdoors. However, some completely indoor cats become ill with histoplasmosis (Davies and Troy 1996; Johnson et al. 2004). Young to middle-aged dogs of hunting and sporting breeds have historically been reported at greatest risk for acquiring histoplasmosis (Selby et al. 1981). Risk factors for cats have not been systematically studied.Infection by Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum is not contagious except in unusual situations. Rare cases of horizontal transmission have been reported. Horizontal transmission is associated with conjugal contraction of individuals with cutaneous lesions of the genitalia (Sills et al. 1973) and by solid organ transplantation of infected organs (Limaye et al. 2000). No documented cases of transmission from animals to human beings or vice versa have been reported. In contrast to Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, equine infection by Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum is contagious and is transmitted by bites of contaminated flies or ticks as well as through skin traumatized with contaminated tack (Kohn 2006).

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42

Brown, Deborah J., und Calvin G. Normore. Descartes and the Ontology of Everyday Life. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836810.001.0001.

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Far from being the founder of an austere reductionism, Descartes is committed to a rich, multilayered, and complex metaphysics. This book begins by locating Descartes’s work against the ancient and medieval background to which he is reacting. It proceeds to argue that his theory of distinctions requires what he explicitly endorses―that in addition to minds and modes, there are material substances of every size. These substances when appropriately configured form automata, self-sustaining, functionally integrated systems of which animals and human bodies are important sub-classes. Descartes’ conception of function, which is crucial to his characterization of these uniquely organized collections of matter, is shown to be compatible with his rejection of final causes in natural science, and gives him resources to account for composite beings which are not themselves substances. It is argued that besides automata, these composites include individual human beings, which are unions of minds and bodies individuated by minds. The unique modes which characterize the union, in particular, its passions, set the foundation for a social ontology that includes genuine social entities such as families and nation states. Societies are forged by individuals in acts of willing to join in union with others that Descartes takes to be of the essence of love. The result is a picture of Descartes very different from the myths that have come to surround him.

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43

Walsh, Denis M. Objectcy and Agency. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779636.003.0008.

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Organisms are like nothing else in the natural world. They are agents. Methodological vitalism is a view according to which the difference that organisms make to the natural world cannot be captured wholly if we treat them as mere objects. Understanding agency calls for a different kind of theory, an agent theory. Most of our scientific theories are object theories. The modern synthesis theory of evolution is a prominent example of object theory. Being the way it is, it cannot countenance the contribution to evolution that organisms make as agents. A comprehensive account of adaptive evolution requires an agent theory.

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44

Clarke, Andrew. Temperature and reaction rate. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0007.

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All other things being equal, physiological reaction rate increases roughly exponentially with temperature. Organisms that have adapted over evolutionary time to live at different temperatures can have enzyme variants that exhibit similar kinetics at the temperatures to which they have adapted to operate. Within species whose distribution covers a range of temperatures, there may be differential expression of enzyme variants with different kinetics across the distribution. Enzymes adapted to different optimum temperatures differ in their amino acid sequence and thermal stability. The Gibbs energy of activation tends to be slightly lower in enzyme variants adapted to lower temperatures, but the big change is a decrease in the enthalpy of activation, with a corresponding change in the entropy of activation, both associated with a more open, flexible structure. Despite evolutionary adjustments to individual enzymes involved in intermediary metabolism (ATP regeneration), many whole-organism processes operate faster in tropical ectotherms compared with temperate or polar ectotherms. Examples include locomotion (muscle power output), ATP regeneration (mitochondrial function), nervous conduction and growth.

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Stern, Rowena, Wootton Marianne und Claudia Castellani. Introduction to Taxonomy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199233267.003.0011.

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This chapter provides a general introduction to taxonomy. Taxonomy is the scientific discipline of describing, delimiting, and naming organisms. It is the foundation of biodiversity science, and taxonomic identification underpins studies of ecology, physiology, conservation, evolution, and more recently environmental policy, as issues and new legislation regarding sustainable management of our oceans have come to the forefront. Being able to identify and recognize planktonic organisms is key to both the protection and the sustainable management of marine resources.

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Herring, Emily. The Genotype/Phenotype Distinction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190490447.003.0017.

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In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, before Wilhelm Johannsen first distinguished between the hidden hereditary makeup of organisms (the genotype) and its macroscopic manifestations (the phenotype), theories postulating invisible internal particles meant to account for the external appearance of living organisms were devised. These were not just attempts at solving the problems of inheritance and generation, but also a way of addressing the intimate nature of the bodies of living beings. The problem of embodiment was—for naturalists such as Buffon, Darwin, and Weismann—the problem of understanding how the macroscopic level could be explained by the activity of the microscopic particular level. By the time Johannsen had coined the term “gene” in 1909 this problem had shifted into working out how organisms’ visible characters could explain the workings of the particles hidden within. This Reflection retraces the transition from one conception of embodiment to the other.

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Pioneer Association of Ontario, Canada: Organized at Toronto, September 4th, 1888 : York and Peel Pioneer Societies, being represented by delegates duly appointed. Toronto: Dudley & Burns, 1994.

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Fairer, David. Coleridge's Early Poetry, 1790–1796. Herausgegeben von Frederick Burwick. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199644179.013.0020.

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This article examines the early poetry of Samuel Taylor Coleridge written between 1790 and 1796, focusing on his 1796 Poems on Various Subjects. It suggests that this 1796 work shows a disingenuousness in which naivety is being performed alongside self-assurance, and that it was organised so that maturity and adolescence alternate, and youthful love-verses sit alongside a politically committed public voice. The article discusses the changes in the tone of the poem when memory distracts Coleridge from the immediate scene.

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Marine Biodiversity, Climatic Variability and Global Change. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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Levick, Stephen E. Clone Being: Exploring the Psychological and Social Dimensions. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2004.

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