Thematische Bibliographien / Oyster contamination / Zeitschriftenartikel
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Oyster contamination“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 20. Februar 2023

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1

COLE, MARY TOWNSEND, MARILYN B. KILGEN, and CAMERON R. HACKNEY. "Evaluation of Methods for Extraction of Enteric Virus from Louisiana Oysters." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.8.592.

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Six techniques were evaluated for recovery of poliovirus from Louisiana oysters. The methods were compared for percent recovery rates, toxicity, ease of extraction, bacterial contamination, and final volume of oyster concentrate. Oyster samples were contaminated with 30–40 plaque forming units of Poliovirus type 1 and processed by six variations of adsorption-elution-precipitation and elution-precipitation methods. The method developed by Ellender et al. (Natural enterovirus and fecal coliform contamination of gulf coast oysters. J. Food Prot. 43:105–110) was judged to be the preferred method
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COOK, DAVID W., and R. D. ELLENDER. "Relaying to Decrease the Concentration of Oyster-Associated Pathogens." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.3.196.

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Oysters experimentally contaminated with indicator bacteria, Salmonella and poliovirus were used in relaying studies designed to measure microbial elimination under a variety of environmental conditions. Two factors, level of microorganism in the oyster and temperature of the water, were important in determining the length of time necessary to purge the contaminating organisms. Oysters under physiological stress cleansed at a slower rate than did healthy oysters. Based on the expected level of pathogen contamination in naturally polluted oysters, healthy relaid oysters were capable of cleansin
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Boher, S., and L. Schwartzbrod. "Study of Viral Purification of Oysters." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 3-4 (February 1, 1993): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0321.

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Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were experimentally contaminated by immersion in seawater containing rotaviruses SAl 1 for one hour. The rotaviruses SAl 1 had previously been adsorbed over algae (Dunaliella primolecta). Oyster depuration was then studied. The depuration was performed by immersion in closed loop circuit and in semi open circuit. In the semi open circuit, the seawater is replaced every 24 hours. It was shown that the rotaviruses, whether free or fixed on algae, were inactivated very rapidly when the seawaterwascontinuously treated with U.V. (intensity ranging from 46.5 to 94 mW.s/cm
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Jeamsripong, Saharuetai, Rungtip Chuanchuen, and Edward Atwill. "Assessment of Bacterial Accumulation and Environmental Factors in Sentinel Oysters and Estuarine Water Quality from the Phang Nga Estuary Area in Thailand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 1970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091970.

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This study characterized microbiological and chemical contamination of oyster meat and estuarine water in Phang Nga, Thailand. Pooled oyster meats (n = 144), estuarine waters (n = 96) and environmental parameters were collected from March, 2016 to February, 2017, and assessed for levels of total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC), Escherichia coli (EC), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP), presence of Salmonella and Shigella and levels of heavy metals (Mn, Pb and Cd). The prevalence of TC, FC and EC were in 99.3%, 94.4% and 93.1% of oyster meat and 94.8%, 79.2%, and 78.1% of water, respectively
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SU, YI-CHENG, QIANRU YANG, and CLAUDIA HÄSE. "Refrigerated Seawater Depuration for Reducing Vibrio parahaemolyticus Contamination in Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas)." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 1111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.6.1111.

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The efficacy of refrigerated-seawater depuration for reducing Vibrio parahaemolyticus levels in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) was investigated. Raw Pacific oysters were inoculated with a mixed culture of five clinical strains of V. parahaemolyticus (105 to 106 most probable number [MPN] per g) and depurated with refrigerated seawater (5°C) in a laboratory-scale recirculation system equipped with a 15-W gamma UV sterilizer. Depuration with refrigerated seawater for 96 h reduced V. parahaemolyticus populations by >3.0 log MPN/g in oysters harvested in the winter. However, 144 h of de
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Jeamsripong, Saharuetai, and Edward R. Atwill. "Modelling of Indicator Escherichia coli Contamination in Sentinel Oysters and Estuarine Water." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (June 4, 2019): 1971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111971.

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This study was performed to improve the ability to predict the concentrations of Escherichia coli in oyster meat and estuarine waters by using environmental parameters, and microbiological and heavy metal contamination from shellfish growing area in southern Thailand. Oyster meat (n = 144) and estuarine waters (n = 96) were tested for microbiological and heavy metal contamination from March 2016 to February 2017. Prevalence and mean concentrations of E. coli were 93.1% and 4.6 × 103 most probable number (MPN)/g in oyster meat, and 78.1% and 2.2 × 102 MPN/100 mL in estuarine water. Average 7-da
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Brandão, Maria Aparecida da RessurreiÇão, Amanda Teixeira Sampaio Lopes, Maria Tereza da Silva Neta, Rhyan Barros Farias de Oliveira, Rachel Passos Rezende, George Rêgo Albuquerque, Verônica Dias Gonçalves, Dália dos Prazeres Rodrigues, Guisla Boehs та Bianca Mendes Maciel. "Microbiological Quality and Prevalence of β-Lactam Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae)". Journal of Food Protection 80, № 3 (16 лютого 2017): 488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-098.

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ABSTRACTThe microbiological quality of oysters reflects the microbiological quality of their habitats because they are filter feeders. The objective of this study was to assess the bacterial composition of the edible oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae in urban and preserved estuaries. Particularly, we assessed the presence of pathogenic bacteria, investigated antibiotic susceptibility in bacterial isolates, and quantified β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaKPC) via quantitative PCR of oyster DNA. Our results detected total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and enterobacteria i
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Zakhour, Maha, Haifa Maalouf, Ilaria Di Bartolo, Larissa Haugarreau, Françoise S. Le Guyader, Nathalie Ruvoën-Clouet, Jean-Claude Le Saux, Franco Maria Ruggeri, Monique Pommepuy, and Jacques Le Pendu. "Bovine Norovirus: Carbohydrate Ligand, Environmental Contamination, and Potential Cross-Species Transmission via Oysters." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 19 (August 13, 2010): 6404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00671-10.

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ABSTRACT Noroviruses (NoV) are major agents of acute gastroenteritis in humans and the primary pathogens of shellfish-related outbreaks. Previous studies showed that some human strains bind to oyster tissues through carbohydrate ligands that are similar to their human receptors. Thus, based on presentation of shared norovirus carbohydrate ligands, oysters could selectively concentrate animal strains with increased ability to overcome species barriers. In comparison with human GI and GII strains, bovine GIII NoV strains, although frequently detected in bovine feces and waters of two estuaries o
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BRILLHART, CRYSTAL D., and LYNN A. JOENS. "Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Oysters Served Raw in Restaurants." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 6 (June 1, 2011): 1025–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-443.

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To determine if Salmonella-contaminated oysters are reaching consumer tables, a survey of raw oysters served in eight Tucson restaurants was performed from October 2007 to September 2008. Salmonella spp. were isolated during 7 of the 8 months surveyed and were present in 1.2% of 2,281 oysters tested. This observed prevalence is lower than that seen in a previous study in which U.S. market oysters were purchased from producers at bays where oysters are harvested. To test whether the process of refrigerating oysters in restaurants for several days reduces Salmonella levels, oysters were artifici
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Florini, Styliano, Esmaeil Shahsavari, Arturo Aburto-Medina, Leadin S. Khudur, Stephen M. Mudge, David J. Smith, and Andrew S. Ball. "Are Sterols Useful for the Identification of Sources of Faecal Contamination in Shellfish? A Case Study." Water 12, no. 11 (November 2, 2020): 3076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113076.

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This work aimed to identify the major source(s) of faecal pollution impacting Salcott Creek oyster fisheries in the UK through the examination of the sterol profiles. The concentration of the major sewage biomarker, coprostanol, in water overlying the oysters varied between 0.01 µg L−1 and 1.20 µg L−1. The coprostanol/epicoprostanol ratio ranged from 1.32 (September) to 33.25 (February), suggesting that human sewage represents the key input of faecal material into the estuary. However, a correlation between the sterol profile of water above the oysters with that of water that enters from Tiptr
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TAMBER, SANDEEP, ALEX MONTGOMERY, KATIE ELORANTA, and ENRICO BUENAVENTURA. "Enumeration and Survival of Salmonella enterica in Live Oyster Shellstock Harvested from Canadian Waters." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-318.

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ABSTRACT Since 2015, 11 recalls of live oyster shellstock have been issued in Canada due to the presence of Salmonella enterica. Six of those recalls took place in 2018. To understand this increase, fundamental information is needed on the relationship between S. enterica and oysters. The aims of this study were to address important data gaps concerning the levels of Salmonella in naturally contaminated oysters and the ability of this pathogen to survive in live oyster shellstock. Enumeration data were evaluated for five oyster and clam samples collected from the east coast of Canada from 2015
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LYDON, KERI ANN, MELISSA FARRELL-EVANS, and JESSICA L. JONES. "Evaluation of Ice Slurries as a Control for Postharvest Growth of Vibrio spp. in Oysters and Potential for Filth Contamination." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 7 (July 1, 2015): 1375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-557.

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Raw oyster consumption is the most common route of exposure for Vibrio spp. infections in humans. Vibriosis has been increasing steadily in the United States despite efforts to reduce the incidence of the disease. Research has demonstrated that ice is effective in reducing postharvest Vibrio spp. growth in oysters but has raised concerns of possible contamination of oyster meat by filth (as indicated by the presence of fecal coliform bacteria or Clostridium perfringens). This study examined the use of ice slurries (<4.5°C) to reduce Vibrio growth. Ice slurries showed rapid internal cool
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Ueki, Y., K. Akiyama, T. Watanabe, and T. Omura. "Genetic analysis of noroviruses taken from gastroenteritis patients, river water and oysters." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 1 (July 1, 2004): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0016.

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As oysters are eaten raw in Japan, their contamination with the non-bacterial agent of gastroenteritis has become a serious health problem. As it is well known that oysters tend to concentrate noroviruses (NV) in their digestive diverticula, NV may be linked with the acute gastroenteritis. However, since NV cannot be cultivated in cell cultures, and they have genetic diversity, the behaviour of NV in the aquatic environment is little known. In this study, NV samples were taken from gastroenteritis patients; from the river flowing into the oyster-farming area; and from oysters harvested from th
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Lowther, James A., Nicole E. Gustar, Andrew L. Powell, Rachel E. Hartnell, and David N. Lees. "Two-Year Systematic Study To Assess Norovirus Contamination in Oysters from Commercial Harvesting Areas in the United Kingdom." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 16 (June 8, 2012): 5812–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01046-12.

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ABSTRACTThe contamination of bivalve shellfish with norovirus from human fecal sources is recognized as an important human health risk. Standardized quantitative methods for the detection of norovirus in molluscan shellfish are now available, and viral standards are being considered in the European Union and internationally. This 2-year systematic study aimed to investigate the impact of the application of these methods to the monitoring of norovirus contamination in oyster production areas in the United Kingdom. Twenty-four monthly samples of oysters from 39 United Kingdom production areas, c
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Shieh, Y. S. Carol, Kevin R. Calci, and Ralph S. Baric. "A Method To Detect Low Levels of Enteric Viruses in Contaminated Oysters." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 4709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.11.4709-4714.1999.

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ABSTRACT Direct isolation and identification of pathogenic viruses from oysters implicated in gastroenteritis outbreaks are hampered by inefficient methods for recovering viruses, naturally occurring PCR inhibitors, and low levels of virus contamination. In this study we focused on developing rapid and efficient oyster-processing procedures that can be used for sensitive PCR detection of viruses in raw oysters. Poliovirus type 3 (PV3) Sabin strain was used to evaluate the efficacy of virus recovery and the removal of PCR inhibitors during oyster-processing procedures. These procedures included
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Florini, Styliani, Esmaeil Shahsavari, Tien Ngo, Arturo Aburto-Medina, David J. Smith, and Andrew S. Ball. "Factors Influencing the Concentration of Fecal Coliforms in Oysters in the River Blackwater Estuary, UK." Water 12, no. 4 (April 11, 2020): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041086.

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Contamination of water systems can not only entail high risks to human health but can also result in economic losses due to closure of beaches and shellfish harvesting areas. Understanding the origin of fecal pollution at locations where shellfish are grown is essential in assessing associated health risks—as well as the determining actions necessary to remedy the problem. The aim of this work is to identify the species-specific source(s) of fecal contamination impacting waters overlying the shellfisheries in the Blackwater Estuary, East Anglia, UK. Over a twelve-month period, water samples we
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VENTRONE, IOLE, JULIEN SCHAEFFER, JOANNA OLLIVIER, SYLVAIN PARNAUDEAU, TIZIANA PEPE, JACQUES LE PENDU, and FRANÇOISE S. LE GUYADER. "Chronic or Accidental Exposure of Oysters to Norovirus: Is There Any Difference in Contamination?" Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 3 (March 1, 2013): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-296.

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Bivalve molluscan shellfish such as oysters may be contaminated by human pathogens. Currently, the primary pathogens associated with shellfish-related outbreaks are noroviruses. This study was conducted to improve understanding of oyster bioaccumulation when oysters were exposed to daily contamination or one accidental contamination event, i.e., different modes of contamination. Oysters were contaminated with two representative strains of norovirus (GI.1 and GII.3) and then analyzed with real-time reverse transcription PCR. Exposure to a repeated virus dose for 9 days (mimicking a growing area
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Chung, H., L. A. Jaykus, G. Lovelace, and M. D. Sobsey. "Bacteriophages and bacteria as indicators of enteric viruses in oysters and their harvest waters." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0494.

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Reliable indicators are needed to detect enteric virus contamination of bivalve molluscan shellfish and their harvest waters. Concentrations of male-specific (F+) coliphages, Bacteroides fragilis phages, Salmonella phages and several indicator bacteria in wastewater, estuarine receiving water and its oysters were examined for their ability to predict the presence and levels of faecal contamination and enteric viruses in oysters. Enteric viruses in oysters were detected by cell culture and RT-PCR methods. F+ coliphages, Salmonella phages, B fragilis phages and faecal indicator bacteria (faecal
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Yamashita, T., K. Sakae, Y. Ishihara, and S. Isomura. "A 2-year survey of the prevalence of enteric viral infections in children compared with contamination in locally-harvested oysters." Epidemiology and Infection 108, no. 1 (February 1992): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800049608.

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SUMMARYWe studied, for two years, the prevalence of indigenous human enteric viruses in wild oysters gathered each month from the bottom of Mikawa Bay, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Viruses were detected periodically in 9 out of 54 oyster pools prepared by the acid or polyethylene glycol precipitation method although all these 9 pools met current national bacteriological safety standards. Since most of the serotypes of the enteric viruses detected in the oysters were identical with those of viruses isolated from sick children living in the area, it is suggested that contamination of enteric viruses
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Rodrigues, Inês C., Nânci Santos-Ferreira, Daniela Silva, Carla Chiquelho da Silva, Ângela S. Inácio, Maria São José Nascimento, and Paulo Martins da Costa. "A One-Year Systematic Study to Assess the Microbiological Profile in Oysters from a Commercial Harvesting Area in Portugal." Microorganisms 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2023): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020338.

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As filter-feeding animals farmed in water bodies exposed to anthropogenic influences, oysters can be both useful bioremediators and high-risk foodstuffs, considering that they are typically consumed raw. Understanding the dynamic of bacterial and viral load in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) tissues, hemolymph, outer shell surface biofilm, and farming water is therefore of great importance for microbiological risk assessment. A one-year survey of oysters collected from a class B production area (Canal de Mira, on the Portuguese western coast) revealed that these bivalve mollusks have a good
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Green, Timothy J., Chen Yin Walker, Sarah Leduc, Trevor Michalchuk, Joe McAllister, Myron Roth, Jasmine K. Janes, and Erik T. Krogh. "Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Norovirus Dispersal in an Oyster Growing Region in the Northeast Pacific." Viruses 14, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040762.

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Contamination of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, by human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major constraint to sustainable shellfish farming in coastal waters of the Northeast Pacific. HuNoV is not a marine virus and must originate from a human source. A barrier to effective management is a paucity of data regarding HuNoV dispersal in the marine environment. The main objective of this study was to identify the spatial distribution and persistence of HuNoV in an active shellfish farming region in the Northeast Pacific. Market-size C. gigas were sequentially deployed for two-week intervals at 12 sites
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BALLESTEROS, Eliete Rodrigues, Vanessa da Costa ANDRADE, Edison BARBIERI, Aline Bartelochi PINTO, Raphaela Sanches de OLIVEIRA, and Ana Júlia Fernandes Cardoso de OLIVEIRA. "Qualidade microbiológica de ostras (Crassostrea sp) e de águas coletadas em cultivos e em bancos naturais de Cananéia (SP)." Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 42, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2016v42n1p134.

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The consumption of marine organisms, especially bivalve molluscs, might affect the human health, once that they concentrate in their tissues, suspended particles, including pathogenic microorganisms. Cananeia region is the largest oyster producer in the state of São Paulo, and in 1999 was founded the Cooperostra (Cooperative), which promotes the oysters depuration process in sterile tanks, leading to reduce and/or eliminate retained substances in their tissues. This study aims (i) evaluate the water quality in the adjacencies of the natural oysters’ beds and during the steps of the depuration
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Miles, M. Scott, Ronald F. Malone, and John E. Supan. "Evaluation of Triploid Oysters as a Tool to assess Short- and Long-term Seafood Contamination of Oil Spill-impacted Areas." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 1958–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.1958.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this field and laboratory study was to evaluate the use of triploid Eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, as a bioindicator of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in oil spill-impacted areas. Bivalve mollusks have shown to be valuable tools for assessing the short-term (weeks to months) bioavailability and impact of hydrophobic contaminants following oil and chemical spills. Approximately 1-year after the initial Deepwater Horizon spill, PAH concentrations were measured in sediment and caged oysters at sites within the Northern Barataria Bay. Two (2
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Humphrey, T. J., and K. Martin. "Bacteriophage as models for virus removal from Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) during re-laying." Epidemiology and Infection 111, no. 2 (October 1993): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800057034.

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SummaryA study was undertaken to examine the feasibility of using naturally-occurring bacteriophages to assess the impact of re-laying on levels of viral contamination inCrassostrea gigas, the Pacific oyster. Two phages were chosen. One, male-specific (F+), was enumerated usingSalmonella typhimurium. The other, a somatic phage, was detected using an, as yet, uncharacterizedEscherichia coli. Investigations, using a variety of re-laying sites, demonstrated that numbers of F+ phage in oyster tissue declined more rapidly than those of somatic phage. For example, in oysters placed in commercially-u
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Doyle, A., D. Barataud, A. Gallay, J. M. Thiolet, S. Le Guyaguer, E. Kohli, and V. Vaillant. "Norovirus foodborne outbreaks associated with the consumption of oysters from the Etang de Thau, France, December 2002." Eurosurveillance 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.09.03.00451-en.

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In January 2003, the Institut de Veille Sanitaire received notification of clusters of gastroenteritis (GE) thought to be associated with consumption of oysters harvested from Etang de Thau in the south of France. At the same time Italy reported an outbreak (200+ cases) associated with oysters from the Etang de Thau. An investigation was carried out to determine the source and vehicle of the outbreaks. Descriptive analysis of reported clusters in France, microbiological analysis of stool and oyster samples, genotyping of noroviruses and an environmental investigation of the Etang de Thau were
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Rupnik, Agnieszka, William Doré, Leon Devilly, James Fahy, Amy Fitzpatrick, Wiebke Schmidt, Kevin Hunt, Francis Butler, and Sinéad Keaveney. "Evaluation of Norovirus Reduction in Environmentally Contaminated Pacific Oysters During Laboratory Controlled and Commercial Depuration." Food and Environmental Virology 13, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12560-021-09464-2.

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AbstractNorovirus contamination of oysters is the lead cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis and a significant food safety concern for the oyster industry. Here, norovirus reduction from Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas), contaminated in the marine environment, was studied in laboratory depuration trials and in two commercial settings. Norovirus concentrations were measured in oyster digestive tissue before, during and post-depuration using the ISO 15216-1 quantitative real-time RT-PCR method. Results of the laboratory-based studies demonstrate that statistically significant reductions of u
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Lo, Yung-Tsun, Chia-Lan Wang, Bai-Hsung Chen, Chung-Wen Hu, and Chung-Hsi Chou. "Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella in Market Raw Oysters in Taiwan." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 5 (March 30, 2017): 734–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-336.

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ABSTRACT We tested 137 samples of domestic shucked oysters and 114 samples of imported oysters collected from traditional retail markets and supermarkets during 2010 and 2011 in Taiwan for the presence of Salmonella. We obtained a total of 91 Salmonella isolates, representing nine serotypes, from 80 of the domestic samples. We did not find any Salmonella in the imported oysters. The presence of Salmonella contamination tended to be specific to the area from which the oysters were harvested: the Dongshih area had a significantly higher contamination rate (68.8%) than the Budai (20.0%) and Wangg
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Rebelo, M. F., M. C. R. Amaral, and W. C. Pfeiffer. "Oyster condition index in Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828) from a heavy-metal polluted coastal lagoon." Brazilian Journal of Biology 65, no. 2 (May 2005): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842005000200019.

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The condition index (CI) of oysters represents an ecophysiological approach to estimate meat quality and yield in cultured bivalve mollusks. In the present study, the CI of oysters from a heavy-metal polluted bay was analyzed with respect to Zn and Cd contamination in soft tissues, spawning, and polychaete infestation. The CI was calculated through a new technique based on molds made to measure the volume of oyster-shell internal cavities. The higher CI values (over 9 in the dry season) were probably related availability of suspended particles rich in organic matter in the bay, while the rapid
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Provost, Keleigh, Brooke A. Dancho, Gulnihal Ozbay, Robert S. Anderson, Gary P. Richards, and David H. Kingsley. "Hemocytes Are Sites of Enteric Virus Persistence within Oysters." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 23 (September 23, 2011): 8360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.06887-11.

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ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to determine how enteric viruses persist within shellfish tissues. Several lines of novel evidence show that phagocytic blood cells (hemocytes) of Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) play an important role in the retention of virus particles. Our results demonstrated an association of virus contamination with hemocytes but not with hemolymph. Live oysters contaminated overnight with hepatitis A virus (HAV) and murine norovirus (MNV) had 56% and 80% of extractable virus associated with hemocytes, respectively. Transfer of HAV-contaminated hemocytes to naïv
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Pietri, Ch, B. Hugues, J. M. Crance, D. Puel, C. Cini, and R. Deloince. "Hepatitis a Virus Levels in Shellfish Exposed in a Natural Marine Environment to the Effluent from a Treated Sewage Outfall." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 11-12 (November 1, 1988): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0289.

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) contamination studies and cell-culturable virus determination were undertaken on oysters (Crassostrea angulata) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) kept for six months in the sea near the outfall of a sewage treatment plant. Shellfish and seawater samples were collected on 11 occasions at roughly 15-day intervals during this period. A radioimmunoassay revealed HAV contamination indices (P/N ≥ 2.1) in 3 oyster and 6 mussel samples and 1 sea-water sample. When a radiocompetition test was run on these samples, however, specificity was noted in one mussel sample only (P/N = 2.4).
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Csadek, Isabella, Peter Paulsen, Pia Weidinger, Kathrine H. Bak, Susanne Bauer, Brigitte Pilz, Norbert Nowotny, and Frans J. M. Smulders. "Nitrogen Accumulation in Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Slurry Exposed to Virucidal Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment." Life 11, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11121333.

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Viral contamination of edible bivalves is a major food safety issue. We studied the virucidal effect of a cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) source on two virologically different surrogate viruses [a double-stranded DNA virus (Equid alphaherpesvirus 1, EHV-1), and a single-stranded RNA virus (Bovine coronavirus, BCoV)] suspended in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM). A 15 min exposure effectuated a statistically significant immediate reduction in intact BCoV viruses by 2.8 (ozone-dominated plasma, “low power”) or 2.3 log cycles (nitrate-dominated, “high power”) of the initial viral load. The
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Le Guyader, Fran�oise S., Sylvain Parnaudeau, Julien Schaeffer, Albert Bosch, Fabienne Loisy, Monique Pommepuy, and Robert L. Atmar. "Detection and Quantification of Noroviruses in Shellfish." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 3 (December 1, 2008): 618–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01507-08.

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ABSTRACT Noroviruses (NoVs) are the most common viral agents of acute gastroenteritis in humans, and high concentrations of NoVs are discharged into the environment. As these viruses are very resistant to inactivation, the sanitary consequences are contamination of food, including molluscan shellfish. There are four major problems with NoV detection in shellfish samples: low levels of virus contamination, the difficulty of efficient virus extraction, the presence of interfering substances that inhibit molecular detection, and NoV genetic variability. The aims of this study were to adapt a kit
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LOWTHER, JAMES A., KATHLEEN HENSHILWOOD, and DAVID N. LEES. "Determination of Norovirus Contamination in Oysters from Two Commercial Harvesting Areas over an Extended Period, Using Semiquantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 7 (July 1, 2008): 1427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.7.1427.

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The human health risk associated with the consumption of molluscan shellfish grown in sewage-contaminated waters is well established. Noroviruses, which cause gastroenteritis, are the principal agents of shellfish-related illness. Fecal-indicator quality standards based on Escherichia coli are well established in Europe and elsewhere. However, norovirus outbreaks after consumption of shellfish meeting these standards still occur, and the need to improve consumer health protection is well recognized. Alternative approaches proposed include direct monitoring of viral pathogens and the use of alt
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Doré, William J., Kathleen Henshilwood, and David N. Lees. "Evaluation of F-Specific RNA Bacteriophage as a Candidate Human Enteric Virus Indicator for Bivalve Molluscan Shellfish." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 1280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.4.1280-1285.2000.

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ABSTRACT Escherichia coli is a widely utilized indicator of the sanitary quality of bivalve molluscan shellfish sold for human consumption. However, it is now well documented that shellfish that meet the E. coli standards for human consumption may contain human enteric viruses that cause gastroenteritis and hepatitis. In this study we investigated using F-specific RNA bacteriophage (FRNA bacteriophage) to indicate the likely presence of such viruses in shellfish sold for consumption. FRNA bacteriophage and E. coli levels were determined over a 2-year period for oysters (Crassostrea gigas) harv
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Ramos, Roberta Juliano, Murilo Anderson Pereira, Letícia Adélia Miotto, Renata D'Aquino Faria, Nelson Silveira Junior, and Cleide Rosana Werneck Vieira. "Ocurrence of Vibrio spp., positive coagulase staphylococci and enteric bacteria in oysters (Crassostrea gigas) harvested in the south bay of Santa Catarina island, Brazil." Food Science and Technology 32, no. 3 (June 7, 2012): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-20612012005000061.

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The aim of this study was to assess the contamination of oysters (Crassostrea gigas), harvested in six different regions of the South Bay of Santa Catarina Island, with Coliforms at 45 ºC, Escherichia coli, Vibrio spp., positive coagulase staphylococci, and Salmonella sp. over a period of one year. One hundred eighty oyster samples were collected directly from their culture sites and analyzed. Each sample consisted of a pool of 12 oysters. All of the samples analyzed showed absence of Salmonella, 18 (10%) samples showed presence of Escherichia coli, 15 (8.3%) samples were positive for V. algin
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36

Elsisura, Irish B., and Mary Amor G. Figueroa. "Growth and Yield Performance of Oyster Mushroom Cultivated in Combined Cassava Peels, Coconut Residue and Coffee Waste Substrates." American Journal of Environment and Climate 1, no. 1 (April 8, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajec.v1i1.206.

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The oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is an edible mushroom that belongs to the class of Basidiomycetes. It has reached sufficient market maturity because of its flavor, shelf-life durability, and protein and fiber content. Besides their nutritional, medicinal, and economic value, they may help the country’s agricultural waste management, bridge environmental issues, and contribute to climate change resolution advancements. A study on different varieties of agricultural substrates derived from waste materials such as cassava peels, coconut residue, and coffee waste was investigated and com
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Downey, Autumn S., and Thaddeus K. Graczyk. "Maximizing Recovery and Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts from Spiked Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Tissue Samples." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 21 (September 7, 2007): 6910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01027-07.

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ABSTRACT Numerous studies have documented the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum, an anthropozoonotic enteric parasite, in molluscan shellfish harvested for commercial purposes. Getting accurate estimates of Cryptosporidium contamination levels in molluscan shellfish is difficult because recovery efficiencies are dependent on the isolation method used. Such estimates are important for determining the human health risks posed by consumption of contaminated shellfish. In the present study, oocyst recovery was compared for multiple methods used to isolate Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from oyste
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Shen, Xiao Sheng, Bei Lei Qian, Wei Hua Wu, You Qiong Cai, and Cheng Chu Liu. "Elimination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Contamination in Shucked Oysters (Crassostrea plicatula) to with Natural Antimicrobial Agents TeaPolyphenols." Advanced Materials Research 320 (August 2011): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.320.427.

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In this study, the survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in suspension in the presence of tea-polyphenols for 6h was first examined. The shucked oysters containing V. parahaemolyticus then were exposed to 2048μg/mL , 1024 μg/mL and 512 μg/mL tea-polyphenols for 4h and the population ofV. parahaemolyticusin shucked oysters was determined every 1h. In addition, shucked oysters containingV. parahaemolyticusexposed into the dose of 1024 μg/mL tea-polyphenols were held at various temperature (0, 5, and 20°C) to examine survival ofV. parahaemolyticusevery 6h till 24h. Populations ofV. parahaemolyticus
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Tam, S. Y. K., and C. S. Mok. "Metallic contamination in oyster and other seafood in Hong Kong." Food Additives and Contaminants 8, no. 3 (May 1991): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652039109373982.

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Alzieu, C. L., J. Sanjuan, J. P. Deltreil, and M. Borel. "Tin contamination in Arcachon Bay: Effects on oyster shell anomalies." Marine Pollution Bulletin 17, no. 11 (November 1986): 494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(86)90636-3.

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41

Grodzki, Marco, Joanna Ollivier, Jean-Claude Le Saux, Jean-Côme Piquet, Mathilde Noyer, and Françoise S. Le Guyader. "Impact of Xynthia Tempest on Viral Contamination of Shellfish." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 9 (February 17, 2012): 3508–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07604-11.

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ABSTRACTViral contamination in oyster and mussel samples was evaluated after a massive storm with hurricane wind named “Xynthia tempest” destroyed a number of sewage treatment plants in an area harboring many shellfish farms. Although up to 90% of samples were found to be contaminated 2 days after the disaster, detected viral concentrations were low. A 1-month follow-up showed a rapid decrease in the number of positive samples, even for norovirus.
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Widiwurjani, Ida Retno Mulyani, Ilmatus Sa’diyah, and N. K. Sari. "Potential Of Various Types of Media for Breeding Oyster Mushroom F2." E3S Web of Conferences 328 (2021): 08015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132808015.

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This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Biotechnology 1 and Farmers' Land in Karanganyar village, Poncokusumo, Malang. The materials used in this study were white oyster mushroom F1 seeds, 70% alcohol, soybean seeds, corn seeds, rice, sawdust, rice bran and mushroom baglog. This study used an experimental design, namely Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 8 treatment levels B1 = corn kernels (100%), B2 = soybean seeds (100%), B3 = rice (100%), B4 = sawdust (100%), B5 = corn kernels (50%) + sawdust (40%) + rice bran (10%). Parameters observed were height of Mycelium-covered Media (
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Qureshi, Ateef A., Adel Mahasneh, Hashim Al-Sayed, Amal Al-Buflasa, and Mariam Al-Shuaibi. "Fecal Pollution of Pearl Oyster (Pinctada radiata)." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 3-4 (February 1, 1993): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0317.

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The physical parameters of the five sampling sites, such as the depth of the oyster beds, ranged from <1 to 20m; salinity, 40.98 to 56.75 g/L; pH, 7.76 to 7.95; temperature, 20.0 to 27.38°C; and dissolved oxygen, 5.60 to 5.96 mg/L. A wide range of distribution of the indicators of fecal pollution; total coliforms, 3.48 × 103 to 8.0 × 105/g; fecal coliforms, 2.97 × 102 to 3.2 × 105/g; and an enteric virus population of 0 to 4.66 virions/gof oyster meat, were detected. These observations indicate alarming levels of fecal contamination and waiiant serious concentrated efforts to contain th
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Fernández-Delgado, Milagro, Monica Contreras, María Alexandra García-Amado, Pulchérie Gueneau, and Paula Suárez. "Occurrence of Proteus mirabilis associated with two species of venezuelan oysters." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 49, no. 6 (December 2007): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652007000600004.

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The fecal contamination of raw seafood by indicators and opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms represents a public health concern. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of enteric bacteria colonizing oysters collected from a Venezuelan touristic area. Oyster samples were collected at the northwestern coast of Venezuela and local salinity, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen of seawater were recorded. Total and fecal coliforms were measured for the assessment of the microbiological quality of water and oysters, using the Multiple Tube Fermentation technique. Analyses w
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THEBAULT, A., J. C. LE SAUX, M. POMMEPUY, S. LE GUYADER, R. LAILLER, and J. B. DENIS. "Quantitative Approach of Risk Management Strategies for Hepatitis A Virus–Contaminated Oyster Production Areas." Journal of Food Protection 75, no. 7 (July 1, 2012): 1249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-411.

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It is not yet known whether using the new molecular tools to monitor hepatitis A virus (HAV) in shellfish production areas could be useful for improving food safety. HAV contamination can be acute in coastal areas, such as Brittany, France, where outbreaks of hepatitis A have already occurred and have been linked to the consumption of raw shellfish. A quantitative probabilistic approach was carried out to estimate the mean annual risk of hepatitis A in an adult population of raw oyster consumers. Two hypothetical scenarios of contamination were considered, the first for a rare and brief event
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PARKER, ROGER W., ELLEN M. MAURER, A. BILL CHILDERS, and DONALD H. LEWISI. "Effect of Frozen Storage and Vacuum-Packaging on Survival of Vibrio Vulnificus in Gulf Coast Oysters (Crassostrea virginica)." Journal of Food Protection 57, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 604–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-57.7.604.

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Vibrio vulnificus contamination of raw oysters is a serious public health hazard, therefore, it is necessary to investigate the persistence of V. vulnificus in harvested and stored oysters. For this study, triplicate oyster samples were split into four treatment groups: control, normal-packaged; control, vacuum-packaged; inoculated, normal-packaged; and inoculated, vacuum-packaged. Oysters in the inoculated groups were individually injected with V. vulnificus to a level of approximately 1 × 106 CFU/g. Control oysters were already naturally contaminated to a level of approximately 1 × 104 CFU/g
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Drouaz, Najoua, Julien Schaeffer, Tibor Farkas, Jacques Le Pendu, and Françoise S. Le Guyader. "Tulane Virus as a Potential Surrogate To Mimic Norovirus Behavior in Oysters." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 15 (May 29, 2015): 5249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01067-15.

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ABSTRACTOyster contamination by noroviruses is an important health and economic problem. The present study aimed to compare the behaviors of Norwalk virus (the prototype genogroup I norovirus) and two culturable viruses: Tulane virus and mengovirus. After bioaccumulation, tissue distributions were quite similar for Norwalk virus and Tulane virus, with the majority of viral particles detected in digestive tissues, while mengovirus was detected in large amounts in the gills and mantle as well as in digestive tissues. The levels of persistence of all three viruses over 8 days were comparable, but
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Graczyk, Thaddeus K., Autumn S. Girouard, Leena Tamang, Sharon P. Nappier, and Kellogg J. Schwab. "Recovery, Bioaccumulation, and Inactivation of Human Waterborne Pathogens by the Chesapeake Bay Nonnative Oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 5 (May 2006): 3390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.5.3390-3395.2006.

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ABSTRACT The introduction of nonnative oysters (i.e., Crassostrea ariakensis) into the Chesapeake Bay has been proposed as necessary for the restoration of the oyster industry; however, nothing is known about the public health risks related to contamination of these oysters with human pathogens. Commercial market-size C. ariakensis triploids were maintained in large marine tanks with water of low (8-ppt), medium (12-ppt), and high (20-ppt) salinities spiked with 1.0 � 105 transmissive stages of the following human pathogens: Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, Giardia lamblia cysts, and microspo
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MONTANHINI, MAIKE TAÍS MAZIERO, and ROBERTO MONTANHINI NETO. "Changes in the Microbiological Quality of Mangrove Oysters (Crassostrea brasiliana) during Different Storage Conditions." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-255.

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This study aimed to determine the effect of temperature and period of postharvest storage on the microbiological quality and shelf life of raw mangrove oysters, Crassostrea brasiliana. A total of 150 dozen oysters were collected directly from the points of extraction or cultivation in southern Brazil, and in the laboratory, they were stored raw at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C for 1, 4, 8, 11, and 15 days. On each of these days, the oysters were subjected to microbiological analyses of aerobic mesophilic count, total coliforms, enterococci, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella. No
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Amado-Filho, GM, LT Salgado, MF Rebelo, CE Rezende, CS Karez, and WC Pfeiffer. "Heavy metals in benthic organisms from Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 68, no. 1 (February 2008): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842008000100013.

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The marine ecosystems of Todos os Santos Bay (TSB, The State of Bahia, Brazil) have been impacted by the presence on its coast of a large metropolitan area as well as of chemical and petrochemical activities. Despite its ecological importance, there is a lack of scientific information concerning metal contamination in TSB marine biota. Thus, we analyzed concentrations of metals in four species of marine benthic organisms (two seaweeds, Padina gymnospora and Sargassum sp. one seagrass, Halodule wrightii and one oyster, Crassostrea rhizophorae) in three sites from the TSB region that have been m
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