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1
Zweben, Carl. „Metal-matrix composites for electronic packaging“. JOM 44, Nr. 7 (Juli 1992): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03222270.
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Robbani, Syifa, Farah Fahma und Sugiarto Sugiarto. „CELLULOSIC PADS AS MATRIX SACHET ANTIMICROBIAL: A REVIEW“. AGROINTEK 15, Nr. 2 (03.06.2021): 554–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/agrointek.v15i2.9366.
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The advancement of active packaging technology has contributed to the need for customer assurance of the quality and protection of fresh foods and agricultural products. An example of active packaging to maintain food quality and improve product protection is the use of antimicrobial pads. Antimicrobial pads are a type of active packaging that releases active agents into the headspace food packaging in order to prevent, inhibit or destroy the growth of microorganisms.. Antimicrobial pads are very easy to apply to food products by placing them on the bottom of the product or inserting them into the packaging material. This literature study discusses the characterization of cellulose as a major component in the manufacture of pads, techniques for the incorporation of antimicrobial compounds into pads, and suitable applications for the inhibition of microorganisms in food products. Apart from that, this literature study also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of antimicrobial pads as active packs.
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Aintila, A., und E. Järvinen. „Packaging of Dot‐matrix Electroluminescent Display Module“. Microelectronics International 2, Nr. 2 (Februar 1985): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb044170.
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Khurana, Amrik L., und Chi-Tang Ho. „Determination of Interaction of Packaging and Food Components with Packaging Matrix by HPLC“. Journal of Liquid Chromatography 12, Nr. 9 (Juli 1989): 1679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01483918908049534.
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Tajuddin, Tamrin, Irman Amri, Syach Reza Syamsuddin und Asih Ahistasari. „Proposed Packaging of Assar Fish Products with Methods Quality Function Deployment“. Journal of Industrial System Engineering and Management 1, Nr. 2 (20.10.2022): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.56882/jisem.v1i2.8.
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Generally, selling fish asar by the community, the seller only wraps or packs fish asar in the traditional way, using banana leaves. Traditional asar fish packaging is still carried out in the Sorong city area, especially in the market and its surroundings. So action or change is needed so that the asar fish which is the interest of the residents of the city of Sorong is still protected by the cleanliness and quality of the asar fish product. The packaging used to pack asar fish products is Polypropylene (PP) plastic packaging. The choice of packaging with this material is because it is strong, resistant to chemicals, heat, oil, transparent, and flexible. Quality Function Deployment is a product development system that starts from product design, manufacturing processes until the product is in the hands of consumers, where product development is based on consumer desires. This study aims to produce packaging designs for asar fish products that meet consumer desires using the Quality Function Deployment method. The research begins with distributing questionnaires, identifying consumer desires, determining the value of importance rating, technical response, technical correlation matrix, relation matrix, planning matrix, determining target specifications, making House of Quality. The resulting packaging design is a rectangle measuring 35 cm x 18 cm, made of Polypropylene (PP) plastic, packaging using a sticker measuring 12 cm x 12 cm, and the packaging is pressed using a sealer.
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Bastarrachea, Luis, Dana Wong, Maxine Roman, Zhuangsheng Lin und Julie Goddard. „Active Packaging Coatings“. Coatings 5, Nr. 4 (06.11.2015): 771–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings5040771.
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Active food packaging involves the packaging of foods with materials that provide an enhanced functionality, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant or biocatalytic functions. This can be achieved through the incorporation of active compounds into the matrix of the commonly used packaging materials, or by the application of coatings with the corresponding functionality through surface modification. The latter option offers the advantage of preserving the packaging materials’ bulk properties nearly intact. Herein, different coating technologies like embedding for controlled release, immobilization, layer-by-layer deposition, and photografting are explained and their potential application for active food packaging is explored and discussed.
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Shao, Linying, Yuewei Xi und Yunxuan Weng. „Recent Advances in PLA-Based Antibacterial Food Packaging and Its Applications“. Molecules 27, Nr. 18 (13.09.2022): 5953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27185953.
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In order to reduce environmental pollution and resource waste, food packaging materials should not only have good biodegradable ability but also effective antibacterial properties. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the most commonly used biopolymer for food packaging applications. PLA has good physical properties, mechanical properties, biodegradability, and cell compatibility but does not have inherent antibacterial properties. Therefore, antibacterial packaging materials based on PLA need to add antibacterial agents to the polymer matrix. Natural antibacterial agents are widely used in food packaging materials due to their low toxicity. The high volatility of natural antibacterial agents restricts their application in food packaging materials. Therefore, appropriate processing methods are particularly important. This review introduces PLA-based natural antibacterial food packaging, and the composition and application of natural antibacterial agents are discussed. The properties of natural antibacterial agents, the technology of binding with the matrix, and the effect of inhibiting various bacteria are summarized.
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Dörnyei, Krisztina Rita, Anna-Sophia Bauer, Victoria Krauter und Carsten Herbes. „(Not) Communicating the Environmental Friendliness of Food Packaging to Consumers—An Attribute- and Cue-Based Concept and Its Application“. Foods 11, Nr. 9 (09.05.2022): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11091371.
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While consumer understanding of and preferences for environmentally friendly packaging options have been well investigated, little is known about the environmentally friendly packaging attributes communicated to consumers by suppliers via packaging cues. We thus propose a literature-based attribute-cue matrix as a tool for analyzing packaging solutions. Using a 2021 snapshot of the wafer market in nine European countries, we demonstrate the tool’s utility by analyzing the cues found that signal environmentally friendly packaging attributes. While the literature suggests that environmentally friendly packaging is increasingly used by manufacturers, our analysis of 164 wafer packages shows that communication is very limited except for information related to recyclability and disposal. This is frequently communicated via labels (e.g., recycling codes, Green Dot) and structural cues that implicitly signal reduced material use (e.g., less headspace and few packaging levels). Our attribute–cue matrix enables researchers, companies, and policymakers to analyze and improve packaging solutions across countries and product categories. Our finding that environmentally friendly packaging attributes are not being communicated to consumers underscores a pressing need for better communication strategies. Both direct on-pack and implicit communication should help consumers choose more environmentally friendly packaging. Governments are encouraged to apply our tool to identify communication gaps and adopt labeling regulations where needed.
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Zhao, Zhan Feng. „High Power LED Packaging Materials and Tooling“. Advanced Materials Research 763 (September 2013): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.763.229.
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The high power light emitting diodes unit internal structure was elaborated from materials and tooling point of view, the unit matrix frame layout for mass production was presented for copper sheet stamping. The tooling stations were decomposed and optimized for packaging processes. The optical lens body molding cavity layout was proposed for unit matrix transfer molding. The packaging materials and tooling was analyzed from the materials processes and automatic stamping & transfer molding. Design scheme for packaging materials processes can be referenced for high power LED unit devices.
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Muzeza, Celia, Veronica Ngole-Jeme und Titus Alfred Makudali Msagati. „The Mechanisms of Plastic Food-Packaging Monomers’ Migration into Food Matrix and the Implications on Human Health“. Foods 12, Nr. 18 (07.09.2023): 3364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12183364.
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The development of packaging technology has become a crucial part of the food industry in today’s modern societies, which are characterized by technological advancements, industrialization, densely populated cities, and scientific advancements that have increased food production over the past 50 years despite the lack of agricultural land. Various types of food-packaging materials are utilized, with plastic being the most versatile. However, there are certain concerns with regards to the usage of plastic packaging because of unreacted monomers’ potential migration from the polymer packaging to the food. The magnitude of monomer migration depends on numerous aspects, including the monomer chemistry, type of plastic packaging, physical–chemical parameters such as the temperature and pH, and food chemistry. The major concern for the presence of packaging monomers in food is that some monomers are endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) with a capability to interfere with the functioning of vital hormonal systems in the human body. For this reason, different countries have resolved to enforce guidelines and regulations for packaging monomers in food. Additionally, many countries have introduced migration testing procedures and safe limits for packaging monomer migration into food. However, to date, several research studies have reported levels of monomer migration above the set migration limits due to leaching from the food-packaging materials into the food. This raises concerns regarding possible health effects on consumers. This paper provides a critical review on plastic food-contact materials' monomer migration, including that from biodegradable plastic packaging, the monomer migration mechanisms, the monomer migration chemistry, the key factors that affect the migration process, and the associated potential EDC human health risks linked to monomers' presence in food. The aim is to contribute to the existing knowledge and understanding of plastic food-packaging monomer migration.
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Minina, N. N., und O. V. Sinelnikova. „Biodegradable food packaging as a criterion for ensuring food safety“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1206, Nr. 1 (01.06.2023): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1206/1/012044.
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Abstract Product packaging is important today as protection and as attracting attention to the product. However, packaging should, first of all, protect products from the negative effects of the environment and prevent rapid deterioration of products. The composition and types of packaging material are regulated in all countries. Most of the food packaging is made of various types of plastic, because it has many positive properties that characterize the packaging, but the degradation period of plastic packaging is about 200 years. Plastic waste breaks down into the smallest particles and is included in the food chain, causing great harm to every link, including humans. The most promising direction today is the synthesis of biodegradable polymers. Of particular interest is the creation of biodegradable multifunctional packaging materials based on biopolymers that contain antimicrobial compounds and antioxidants. This type of packaging is a multilayer film consisting of a base (matrix) and various fillers. The matrix usually includes hydrocolloids (polysaccharides and proteins), lipids or some combined materials. The most promising direction in the manufacture of biodegradable packaging is the creation of polymer nanocomposites, the matrix of which is based on polysaccharides, and the additions are combined nanofibers, which can be represented by gelatin or cellulose, and a filler represented by inorganic nanoparticles (metal oxides). Such packages significantly increase the shelf life of food products, and accordingly make products safer and of higher quality. However, such materials require further study, because their effect on the human body is unknown. In the last decade, biodegradable packages have been developed that increase the shelf life of products with temperature fluctuations, reduce the number of microorganisms and, accordingly, extend the shelf life of products. Scientists have developed methods for obtaining biodegradable packages from protein hydrolysates of keratin-containing raw materials and waste from sugar beet factories. This direction in the production of biodegradable packages is the most promising, because firstly, production waste is disposed of, secondly, food packaging is produced that does not harm human health and extends the shelf life of products, thirdly, such packaging has a short degradation period, does not harm natural ecosystems and is safely included in food chains.
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Ervina Efzan, Mohd Noor, Nordin Siti Syazwani und J. Emerson. „Properties of Aluminum Matrix Composite (AMCs) for Electronic Packaging“. Materials Science Forum 857 (Mai 2016): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.857.18.
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In this study, the microstructure of prepared AMCs with the homogenous distribution of fly ash analyzed using optical microscope. The microstructure having refinement of structure with the decreasing of Si-needle structure and increasing the area of eutectic α-Al matrix as shown in Figure 3. Besides, as the increasing amount of fly ash incorporated, there are more petal-like dark structure existed in the microstructure. The density of the AMCs decreased as the incorporation of fly ash increased. While the hardness strength of the AMCs increased with the incorporation of fly ash. The addition of fly ash particles improved the physical and mechanical properties of the AMCs.
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Lai, Liyan, Bing Niu, Yuxiao Bi, Yigui Li und Zhuoqing Yang. „Advancements in SiC-Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites for High-Performance Electronic Packaging: A Review of Thermo-Mechanical Properties and Future Trends“. Micromachines 14, Nr. 8 (25.07.2023): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14081491.
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With the advancement of semiconductor technology, chip cooling has become a major obstacle to enhancing the capabilities of power electronic systems. Traditional electronic packaging materials are no longer able to meet the heat dissipation requirements of high-performance chips. High thermal conductivity (TC), low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), good mechanical properties, and a rich foundation in microfabrication techniques are the fundamental requirements for the next generation of electronic packaging materials. Currently, metal matrix composites (MMCs) composed of high TC matrix metals and reinforcing phase materials have become the mainstream direction for the development and application of high-performance packaging materials. Silicon carbide (SiC) is the optimal choice for the reinforcing phase due to its high TC, low CTE, and high hardness. This paper reviews the research status of SiC-reinforced aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu) electronic packaging materials, along with the factors influencing their thermo-mechanical properties and improvement measures. Finally, the current research status and limitations of conventional manufacturing methods for SiC-reinforced MMCs are summarized, and an outlook on the future development trends of electronic packaging materials is provided.
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Kawecka, Agnieszka, Agnieszka Cholewa-Wójcik und Tadeusz Sikora. „Development of recommendations on the hierarchy of activities regarding the implementation of the BRC standard in relation to the safety of packaging using the AHP method“. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, Nr. 11 (113) (31.10.2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.239858.
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The British Retail Consortium Global Standard for Food Safety enjoys great popularity among food industry companies, the number of companies with the certified standard is rising every year. The packaging used for food packaging has a very large impact on the safety and quality of the packaged food. The purpose of the study was to indicate the requirements of the standard in relation to packaging, which should be implemented firstly by enterprises of the food industry. In the research part, the AHP analysis was conducted on the basis of the experts' recommendations. Decision matrixes for every criterion: hazard analysis concerning packaging, purchase procedure, packaging acceptance procedure were developed. A decision matrix for the main criterion as a result of criteria decision matrix was developed, global decision hierarchy was also developed. Research clearly showed that the most important activity (among the proposed) is hazard analysis, with a 0.517 weighted sum value. In many of the detailed requirements of the standard, hazard analysis and risk assessment (0.333 weighted sum value) are the basis for many activities, including establishing a purchasing procedure (0.163 weighted sum value), accepting packaging (0.297 weighted sum value), or many others. The relevance of this study is the identification of the hierarchy of importance of activities performed within the framework of ensuring the quality and safety of food packaging. A reasonable approach is presented. The AHP method allows indicating the sequence of activities during the implementation of the BRC standard, as evidenced by pilot studies carried out on the basis of procedures related to the safety of packaging. The standard sets up requirements for packaging in the form of packaging management procedure, in which it should be stated how the site operates with packaging. Moreover, there are requirements concerning hazard analysis in relation to packaging
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Wang, Huating, Kendra M. Norris und Louis M. Mansky. „Involvement of the Matrix and Nucleocapsid Domains of the Bovine Leukemia Virus Gag Polyprotein Precursor in Viral RNA Packaging“. Journal of Virology 77, Nr. 17 (01.09.2003): 9431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.17.9431-9438.2003.
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ABSTRACT The RNA packaging process for retroviruses involves a recognition event of the genome-length viral RNA by the viral Gag polyprotein precursor (PrGag), an important step in particle morphogenesis. The mechanism underlying this genome recognition event for most retroviruses is thought to involve an interaction between the nucleocapsid (NC) domain of PrGag and stable RNA secondary structures that form the RNA packaging signal. Presently, there is limited information regarding PrGag-RNA interactions involved in RNA packaging for the deltaretroviruses, which include bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and human T-cell leukemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and -2, respectively). To address this, alanine-scanning mutagenesis of BLV PrGag was done with a virus-like particle (VLP) system. As predicted, mutagenesis of conserved basic residues as well as residues of the zinc finger domains in the BLV NC domain of PrGag revealed residues that led to a reduction in viral RNA packaging. Interestingly, when conserved basic residues in the BLV MA domain of PrGag were mutated to alanine or glycine, but not when mutated to another basic residue, reductions in viral RNA packaging were also observed. The ability of PrGag to be targeted to the cell membrane was not affected by these mutations in MA, indicating that PrGag membrane targeting was not associated with the reduction in RNA packaging. These observations indicate that these basic residues in the MA domain of PrGag influence RNA packaging, without influencing Gag membrane localization. It was further observed that (i) a MA/NC double mutant had a more severe RNA packaging defect than either mutant alone, and (ii) RNA packaging was not found to be associated with transient localization of Gag in the nucleus. In summary, this report provides the first direct evidence for the involvement of both the BLV MA and NC domains of PrGag in viral RNA packaging.
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Falcão, Gabriella Amorim Muniz, Tatiara Gomes de Almeida, Fernanda Menezes de Sousa, Lindembergue Pereira Costa Júnior, Laura Hecker de Carvalho, Gloria Maria Vinhas und Yêda Medeiros Bastos de Almeida. „Effect of organoclay and corn straw on the properties of polycaprolactone composite films“. Research, Society and Development 11, Nr. 13 (28.09.2022): e85111333808. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i13.33808.
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The packaging industry requires materials capable of offering barriers to the entry of microorganisms, with the ability to protect and maintain the characteristics of the packaging content. The use of fillers can enhance these barrier properties to the polymeric material. This work investigates the effect of incorporating different fillers (organophilic clay and corn straw) on the rheological, thermal, mechanical and permeability characteristics of polycaprolactone (PCL) processed in an internal laboratory mixer. The results of torque rheometry suggest polymer matrix degradation during processing did not increase, nor the thermal stability of the matrix. Composite films showed higher tensile strength, higher stiffness and lower elongation. Incorporation of the fillers in the PCL matrix reduced the permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide gases of the produced films. Adding up to 1% of organoclay C20A or corn straw to PCL leads to a material that combines maintenance or improvement of properties combined with lower permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide, which confirms the potential use of these systems in packaging industry.
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Vasile, Cornelia, und Mihaela Baican. „Progresses in Food Packaging, Food Quality, and Safety—Controlled-Release Antioxidant and/or Antimicrobial Packaging“. Molecules 26, Nr. 5 (26.02.2021): 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051263.
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Food packaging is designed to protect foods, to provide required information about the food, and to make food handling convenient for distribution to consumers. Packaging has a crucial role in the process of food quality, safety, and shelf-life extension. Possible interactions between food and packaging are important in what is concerning food quality and safety. This review tries to offer a picture of the most important types of active packaging emphasizing the controlled/target release antimicrobial and/or antioxidant packaging including system design, different methods of polymer matrix modification, and processing. The testing methods for the appreciation of the performance of active food packaging, as well as mechanisms and kinetics implied in active compounds release, are summarized. During the last years, many fast advancements in packaging technology appeared, including intelligent or smart packaging (IOSP), (i.e., time–temperature indicators (TTIs), gas indicators, radiofrequency identification (RFID), and others). Legislation is also discussed.
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Ediyilyam, Sreelekha, Bini George, Sarojini Sharath Shankar, Thomas Thuruthiyil Dennis, Stanisław Wacławek, Miroslav Černík und Vinod V. T. Padil. „Chitosan/Gelatin/Silver Nanoparticles Composites Films for Biodegradable Food Packaging Applications“. Polymers 13, Nr. 11 (21.05.2021): 1680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111680.
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The food packaging industry explores economically viable, environmentally benign, and non-toxic packaging materials. Biopolymers, including chitosan (CH) and gelatin (GE), are considered a leading replacement for plastic packaging materials, with preferred packaging functionality and biodegradability. CH, GE, and different proportions of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used to prepare novel packaging materials using a simple solution casting method. The functional and morphological characterization of the prepared films was carried out by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Visible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical strength, solubility, water vapor transmission rate, swelling behavior, moisture retention capability, and biodegradability of composite films were evaluated. The addition of AgNPs to the polymer blend matrix improves the physicochemical and biological functioning of the matrix. Due to the cross-linking motion of AgNPs, it is found that the swelling degree, moisture retention capability, and water vapor transmission rate slightly decrease. The tensile strength of pure CH–GE films was 24.4 ± 0.03, and it increased to 25.8 ± 0.05 MPa upon the addition of 0.0075% of AgNPs. The real-time application of the films was tested by evaluating the shelf-life existence of carrot pieces covered with the composite films. The composite film containing AgNPs becomes effective in lowering bacterial contamination while comparing the plastic polyethylene films. In principle, the synthesized composite films possessed all the ideal characteristics of packaging material and were considered biodegradable and biocompatible food packaging material and an alternate option for petroleum-based plastics.
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Pramana, A., M. A. Kurniawan, Y. Zamaya, A. R. Ningsih, A. Sutikno, D. Kurnia, I. Yunita et al. „Packaging design as a marketing and branding strategy for Kampar pineapple chips products“. E3S Web of Conferences 373 (2023): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337304008.
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Pineapple is a popular crop in the peatlands of Riau province. One of the centers for pineapple production in Riau Province is Kualu Nanas Village, Tambang District, Kampar Regency. Pineapple is processed into chips, one of Riau Province's typical souvenirs. The pineapple chip industry in Kampar Regency faces various obstacles, such as very simple product packaging, short shelf life, varied or negotiable prices, and sub-optimal distribution and marketing. This study aimed to analyze marketing strategies and update the packaging design of pineapple chips to increase sales of pineapple chips. This research uses quantitative descriptive analysis methods (IFE and EFE matrix analysis) and qualitative descriptive analysis (SWOT analysis). Primary data was collected by survey method through interviews and field observations, while secondary data was collected by literature study. The IFE matrix has a score of 2.6165, while the matrix EFE score is 2,5195. One of the results of formulating the pineapple chips marketing strategy is the renewal of the packaging design and improving product marketing through digital marketing.
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Aryasomayajula, Lavanya, und Klaus-Juergen Wolter. „Carbon Nanotube Composites for Electronic Packaging Applications: A Review“. Journal of Nanotechnology 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/296517.
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Composite engineering comprises of metal matrix composites. They have high strength-weight ratio, better stiffness, economical production, and ease of availability of raw materials. The discovery of carbon nanotubes has opened new possibilities to face challenges better. Carbon Nanotubes are known for their high mechanical strength, excellent thermal and electrical properties. Recent research has made progress in fabricating carbon nanotube metal matrix and polymer-based composites. The methods of fabrication of these composites, their properties and possible applications restricted to the field of electronic packaging have been discussed in this paper. Experimental and theoretical calculations have shown improved mechanical and physical properties like tensile stress, toughness, and improved electrical and thermal properties. They have also demonstrated the ease of production of the composites and their adaptability as one can tailor their properties as per the requirement. This paper reviews work reported on fabricating and characterizing carbon- nanotube-based metal matrix and polymer composites. The focus of this paper is mainly to review the importance of these composites in the field of electronics packaging.
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Azmi, K., M. I. M. Tajuddin und A. Azida. „The Influences of Cu-Coated SiCp on the Porosity and Thermal Expansion Behavior of Cu-SiCp Composites“. Advanced Materials Research 795 (September 2013): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.241.
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The widespread use of metal matrix composites as the packaging materials is due to their tailorable thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). For the same reason, silicon carbide reinforced copper matrix (Cu-SiCp) composites are highly rated as thermal management materials in the electronic packaging applications. However, the Cu-SiCp composites fabricated via the conventional powder metallurgy methods have inferior thermophysical properties due to the presence of porosity in the interface of copper matrix and the SiCp reinforcement. In order to improve the bonding between the two constituents, the SiCp were coated with copper via electroless coating process. Based on the experimental results, the CTE values of the copper coated Cu-SiCp composites were found significantly lower than those of the non-Coated Cu-SiCp composites. The CTEs of the composites tend to decrease as the porosity increases. The significant difference in the CTE values was related to the presence of sub-micron gap between the copper matrix and the SiCp reinforcement.
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Salmas, Constantinos E., Aris E. Giannakas, Maria Baikousi, Areti Leontiou, Zoe Siasou und Michael A. Karakassides. „Development of Poly(L-Lactic Acid)/Chitosan/Basil Oil Active Packaging Films via a Melt-Extrusion Process Using Novel Chitosan/Basil Oil Blends“. Processes 9, Nr. 1 (03.01.2021): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010088.
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Following the global trend toward a cyclic economy, the development of a fully biodegradable active packaging film is the target of this work. An innovative process to improve the mechanical, antioxidant, and barrier properties of Poly(L-Lactic Acid)/Chitosan films is presented using essential basil oil extract. A Chitosan/Basil oil blend was prepared via a green evaporation/adsorption method as a precursor for the development of the Poly(L-Lactic Acid)/Chitosan/Basil Oil active packaging film. This Chitosan/Basil Oil blend was incorporated directly in the Poly(L-Lactic Acid) matrix with various concentrations. Modification of the chitosan with the Basil Oil improves the blending with the Poly(L-Lactic Acid) matrix via a melt-extrusion process. The obtained Poly(L-Lactic Acid)/Chitosan/Basil Oil composite films exhibited advanced food packaging properties compared to those of the Poly(L-Lactic Acid)/Chitosan films without Basil Oil addition. The films with 5%wt and 10%wt Chitosan/Basil Oil loadings exhibited better thermal, mechanical, and barrier behavior and significant antioxidant activity. Thus, PLLA/CS/BO5 and PLLA/CS/BO10 are the most promising films to potentially be used for active packaging applications.
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Haroon, Saim, Fakhr Un Nisa und Sara Musaddiq. „Cellulose Acetate Antimicrobial Membranes Enabled By Thialzolodines For Potential Applications In Packaging“. Pakistan Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 3, Nr. 1 (20.06.2022): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/pjbb.v3i1.92.
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Fabrication of new antimicrobial cellulose triacetate packaging membranes is the main focus of the present study. The integration of 2-aryl substituted benzothiazoles in a polymeric matrix of cellulose triacetate is used to fabricate these membranes. FT-IR and SEM are used to characterize these membranes. When assessed against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the modified packaging membranes demonstrated positive antimicrobial activities.
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Sharma, Shubham, Lilly Mulrey, Megan Byrne, Amit K. Jaiswal und Swarna Jaiswal. „Encapsulation of Essential Oils in Nanocarriers for Active Food Packaging“. Foods 11, Nr. 15 (05.08.2022): 2337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11152337.
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Active packaging improves a packaging system’s effectiveness by actively integrating additional components into the packaging material or the headspace around the packaging. Consumer demand and awareness have grown enough to replace chemical agents with natural active agents. Essential oils (EOs) are extensively distributed throughout nature but at low levels and sometimes with poor recovery yields, which poses an issue with their application in food. Due to the instability of EOs when added directly into a food product, they require encapsulation before being added to a packaging matrix such as liposomes, solid-lipid nanoparticles, nano-emulsions, cyclodextrins, and nanostructured lipid nano-carriers. This article is focused on the encapsulation of EOs in different types of nanocarriers. Nanocarriers can improve the efficiency of active substances by providing protection, stability, and controlled and targeted release. The advantages of the many types of nanocarriers that contain active substances that can be used to make antibacterial and antioxidant biopolymeric-based active packaging are discussed. A nanocarrier-encapsulated EO enables the controlled release of oil, stabilizing the packaging for a longer duration.
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Raj, Vinnarasi A., Karthikumar Sankar, Pandiarajan Narayanasamy, Innasi Ganesh Moorthy, Natesan Sivakumar, Shyam Kumar Rajaram, Ponmurugan Karuppiah et al. „Development and Characterization of Bio-Based Composite Films for Food Packing Applications Using Boiled Rice Water and Pistacia vera Shells“. Polymers 15, Nr. 16 (18.08.2023): 3456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15163456.
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Customer demand for natural packaging materials in the food industry has increased. Biocomposite films developed using boiled rice water could be an eco-friendly and cost-effective packaging product in the future. This study reports the development of bio-based films using waste materials, such as boiled rice water (matrix) and Pistacia vera shells (reinforcement material), using an adapted solution casting method. Several film combinations were developed using various concentrations of plasticizing agent (sorbitol), thickening agent (oil and agar), and stabilizing agents (Arabic gum, corn starch, and Pistacia vera shell powder). Various packaging properties of the film were analyzed and examined to select the best bio-based film for food packaging applications. The film fabricated with Pistacia vera shell powder in the biocomposite film exhibited a reduced water solubility, swelling index, and moisture content, as compared to polyethene packaging material, whereas the biocomposite film exhibited poor antimicrobial properties, high vapor transmission rate, and high biodegradability rate. The packaging properties and characterization of the film indicated that the boiled rice water film with Pistacia vera shell powder was suitable for packaging material applications.
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Benjamin, Shuki, Kobi Hasharoni, Stanislav Stepanov, Gideon Katz, Amir Geron und Michael Mesh. „Packaging of 1.3 Tb/s Full Duplex Optical Interconnect“. International Symposium on Microelectronics 2013, Nr. 1 (01.01.2013): 000873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2013-thp41.
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The electro-optical packaging process of an optical interconnect device is described. The device has an aggregate full duplex bandwidth of 1.3 Tb/s. The optical interconnect is assembled from a standard printed-circuit-board (PCB), an optical module chip (icPhotonics™ module) and a large format fiber-bundle. The icPhotonics™ module is assembled from an organic substrate, an Application-Specific-Integrated-Circuit (ASIC) die, vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) matrix, Photo-diode (PD) matrix and 2 micro-lens-arrays (MLA's). The data is transmitted to and from a specially designed fiber-bundle through a second set of MLA's. Each optical device consists of a 12 × 14 matrix array, where each link transmits and receives in 8 Gb/s – totaling to a 1.344 Tb/s full duplex in each optical interconnect module and a bandwidth density of 64Gb/s/mm2 The icPhotonics™ module packaging is performed using five different flip-chip and reflow or glue steps – thus maximizing module density. The optical fiber-bundle assembly is performed after the PCB is populated, and completes a full optical-interconnect. Reliability studies had been performed successfully for the entire assembly. The optical-interconnect PCB's are routinely fabricated in a small series production scale and used as a crucial building block in Compass-EOS core-router system, creating a full mesh optical link between different line-cards and racks
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Hopkins, Douglas C., Yuan-Bo Guo, Herbert E. Dwyer und James D. Scofield. „Development of a SiC SSPC Module with Advanced High Temperature Packaging“. Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, HITEC (01.01.2010): 000310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-dhopkins-wp25.
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Development of a multi-chip power module (MCPM) is reported that uses advanced metal-matrix composite aluminum packaging to manage high thermally induced stresses in devices that incur 350°C transients. The MCPM uses parallel SiC devices to control 120A DC nominal, 1200A fault in a 270V DC system. Electrical system modeling is presented to characterize electrical fault transients that induce electrical and thermal stresses in the semiconductors and packaging. The characterization of the advanced aluminum-based packaging system, which uses composites, such as AlSiC, and direct bonded aluminum (DBA), is discussed to manage the thermal stresses and transient heat flow.
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Islam, Samantha, und Jonathan M. Cullen. „Criteria for Assessing Sustainability of Lignocellulosic Wastes: Applied to the Cellulose Nanofibril Packaging Production in the UK“. Polymers 15, Nr. 6 (07.03.2023): 1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15061336.
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Extensive use of petrochemical plastic packaging leads to the greenhouse gas emission and contamination to soil and oceans, posing major threats to the ecosystem. The packaging needs, hence, are shifting to bioplastics with natural degradability. Lignocellulose, the biomass from forest and agriculture, can produce cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), a biodegradable material with acceptable functional properties, that can make packaging among other products. Compared to primary sources, CNF extracted from lignocellulosic wastes reduces the feedstock cost without causing an extension to agriculture and associated emissions. Most of these low value feedstocks go to alternative applications, making their use in CNF packaging competitive. To transfer the waste materials from current practices to the packaging production, it is imperative to assess their sustainability, encompassing environmental and economic impacts along with the feedstock physical and chemical properties. A combined overview of these criteria is absent in the literature. This study consolidates thirteen attributes, delineating sustainability of lignocellulosic wastes for commercial CNF packaging production. These criteria data are gathered for the UK waste streams, and transformed into a quantitative matrix, evaluating the waste feedstock sustainability for CNF packaging production. The presented approach can be adopted to decision scenarios in bioplastics packaging conversion and waste management.
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Beltrán Sanahuja, Ana, und Arantzazu Valdés García. „New Trends in the Use of Volatile Compounds in Food Packaging“. Polymers 13, Nr. 7 (27.03.2021): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071053.
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In the last years, many of the research studies in the packaging industry have been focused on food active packaging in order to develop new materials capable of retaining the active agent in the polymeric matrix and controlling its release into food, which is not easy in many cases due to the high volatility of the chemical compounds, as well as their ease of diffusion within polymeric matrices. This review presents a complete revision of the studies that have been carried out on the incorporation of volatile compounds to food packaging applications. We provide an overview of the type of volatile compounds used in active food packaging and the most recent trends in the strategies used to incorporate them into different polymeric matrices. Moreover, a thorough discussion regarding the main factors affecting the retention capacity and controlled release of volatile compounds from active food packaging is presented.
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Weligama Thuppahige, Vindya Thathsaranee, Lalehvash Moghaddam, Zachary G. Welsh und Azharul Karim. „Investigation of Morphological, Chemical, and Thermal Properties of Biodegradable Food Packaging Films Synthesised by Direct Utilisation of Cassava (Monihot esculanta) Bagasse“. Polymers 15, Nr. 3 (02.02.2023): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030767.
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The utilisation of edible sources of starch such as corn, wheat, potato, and cassava has become the common approach to develop biodegradable food packaging. However, the future food security issue from the wide application of such edible starch sources has become a major concern. Consequently, exploring non-edible sources of starch for starch-based biodegradable food packaging and their property enhancement have become one of the common research interests. Although there has been a great potentials of synthesising biodegradable food packaging by direct utilisation of agro-industrial waste cassava bagasse, there have been very limited studies on this. In this context, the current study investigated the potential of developing biodegradable food packaging by directly using cassava bagasse as an alternative matrix. Two film-forming mixtures were prepared by incorporating glycerol (30% and 35%), powdered cassava bagasse and water. The films were hot-pressed at 60 °C, 100 °C, and 140 °C temperatures under 0.28 t pressure for 6 min. The best film-forming mixture and temperature combination was further tested with 0.42 t and 0.84 t pressures, followed by analysing their morphology, functional group availability and the thermal stability. Accordingly, application of 35% glycerol, with 100 °C, 0.42 t temperature and pressure, respectively, were found to be promising for film preparation. The absence of starch agglomerates in film surfaces with less defects suggested satisfactory dispersion and compatibility of starch granules and glycerol. The film prepared under 0.42 t exhibited slightly higher thermal stability. Synthesised prototypes of food packaging and the obtained characterisation results demonstrated the high feasibility of direct utilisation of cassava bagasse as an alternative, non-edible matrix to synthesise biodegradable food packaging.
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Omer, A. A., A. C. Cangellaris, M. M. Mechaik und J. L. Prince. „The per-unit-length capacitance matrix of flaring VLSI packaging interconnections“. IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology 14, Nr. 4 (1991): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/33.105128.
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Fausset, Cara Bailey, Andrew Baranak, Sarah K. Farmer, Elizabeth L. Mann, Christina N. Harrington, Chandler E. Price und Jerry B. Ray. „Developing a Scoring Matrix to Evaluate the Usability of Consumer Packaging“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 58, Nr. 1 (September 2014): 1802–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931214581377.
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Shen, Y. L., A. Needleman und S. Suresh. „Coefficients of thermal expansion of metal-matrix composites for electronic packaging“. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 25, Nr. 4 (April 1994): 839–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02665460.
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Nechita, Petronela, und Mirela Roman (Iana-Roman). „Review on Polysaccharides Used in Coatings for Food Packaging Papers“. Coatings 10, Nr. 6 (15.06.2020): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10060566.
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Paper and board show many advantages as packaging materials, but the current technologies employed to obtain adequate barrier properties for food packaging use synthetic polymers coating and lamination with plastic or aluminium foils—treatments which have a negative impact on packaging sustainability, poor recyclability and lack of biodegradability. Recently, biopolymers have attracted increased attention as paper coatings, which can provide new combinations in composite formulas to meet the requirements of food packaging. The number of studies on biopolymers for developing barrier properties of packaging materials is increasing, but only a few of them are addressed to food packaging paper. Polysaccharides are viewed as the main candidates to substitute oil-based polymers in food paper coating, due to their film forming ability, good affinity for paper substrate, appropriate barrier to gases and aroma, and positive effect on mechanical strength. Additionally, these biopolymers are biodegradable, non-toxic and act as a matrix for incorporation additives with specific functionalities for coated paper (i.e., active-antimicrobial properties). This paper presents an overview on the availability and application of polysaccharides from vegetal and marine biomass in coatings for foods packaging paper. The extraction methods, chemical modification and combination routes of these biopolymers in coatings for paper packaging are discussed.
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Souza, Amanda Lélis de, Maria José Araújo Vieira, Maria José do Amaral e. Paiva, Márcia Teixeira Bittencourt, Érica Nascif Rufino Vieira und Bruno Ricardo de Castro Leite Júnior. „Antimicrobial biodegradable packaging with nanotechnology application“. Research, Society and Development 11, Nr. 8 (07.06.2022): e3511830406. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i8.30406.
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The production of sustainable food packaging from renewable sources represents a prominent alternative to the use of petrochemical-based plastics. For example, starch remains one of the most studied replacement options due to its wide availability, low cost, and significant advances in improving packaging properties. In this context, nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties as additives play a key role in manufacturing renewable active packaging with superior performance. In this review, a comprehensive summary is provided on the research papers that addresses strategies for using active packaging, using starch as a sustainable polymer, and antimicrobial nanoparticles to extend the lifespan of foods. After a brief introduction to the fundamental concepts related to starch and biodegradable and active packaging, details are presented about the latest advances in nanotechnology, which can minimize the impact on the organoleptic properties of food products, as well as an increase in bioactivity, due to the size in nanometric scale to improve the diffusion of active compounds in the matrix of starch-based active film.
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Joyce Batista Azevedo, Benjamin Lazarus, Rosindo Pereira Lobo Junior, Willams Teles Barbosa, Luã Fonseca Seixas und Josiane Dantas Viana Barbosa. „Influence of Calcium Carbonate Concentration on the Properties of Polypropylene Stretched Flat Tapes Used in Raffia Packaging“. JOURNAL OF BIOENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGIES AND HEALTH 6, Nr. 1 (08.04.2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34178/jbth.v6i1.271.
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The production of stretched polypropylene (PP) tapes for packaging has recently led to advancements in raffia packaging, which has improved multiple technical characteristics. In addition to the beneficial economic impact, this packaging is more sustainable. The present work evaluated the properties of stretch tapes obtained with different concentrations of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to reduce the cost of production of raffia packaging. We produced the tapes in an industrial environment using a single-screw extruder with a flat die containing 3, 7, 10, 15, 17, and 20 wt % of CaCO3. The tensile strength, elongation, and toughness of the tapes were evaluated. Tensile strength and toughness increase with the addition of CaCO3 while the elongation decreases. Stearic acid (CH3(CH2)16COOH) in the filler contributed positively to the dispersion and distribution of the filler in the matrix, preserving the mechanical properties. The results showed that incorporating CaCO3 in flat strips stretched from PP emerges as an alternative for cost reduction with raw material for raffia packaging.
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Ismail, Ismail, Quratul Aini, Zulkarnain Jalil, Niyi Gideon Olaiya, Mursal Mursal, C. K. Abdullah und Abdul Khalil H.P.S. „Properties Enhancement Nano Coconut Shell Filled in Packaging Plastic Waste Bionanocomposite“. Polymers 14, Nr. 4 (16.02.2022): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040772.
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Plastic waste recycling has been proposed as a long-term solution to eliminate land and marine deposit. This study proposed a new approach to fabricate biocomposites of nano-sized fillers and low matrix compositions with a great performance by using plastic packaging waste different from the conventional biocomposite. Coconut shell, an agricultural waste, was bonden with waste plastic to form a biocomposite with a coupling agent. The optimum percentage composition and the effect of coconut shell ball milling time on the properties of the biocomposite were studied with density, thickness swelling, porosity flexural strength, flexural modulus, compressive strength, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that the optimum performance of biocomposite was obtained at 30/70 (wt.%) plastic waste to coconut shell ratio, where 70 wt.% was the highest coconut shell composition that can be achieved. Furthermore, for 30 wt.% of polypropylene (low matrix), the performance of biocomposite improved significantly with milling time due to enhanced interaction between filler and matrix. As the milling time was increased from 0 to 40 h, the density increased from 0.9 to 1.02 g/cm3; thickness swelling decreased from 3.4 to 1.8%; porosity decreased from 7.0 to 3.0%; flexural strength increased from 8.19 to 12.26 MPa; flexural modulus increased from 1.67 to 2.87 GPa, and compressive strength increased from 16.00 to 27.20 MPa. The degradation temperature of biocomposite also increased as the milling duration increased from 0 to 40 h. The melting temperature increased significantly from 160 to 170 °C as the milling duration increased from 0 to 40 h. The depolymerisation occurred at 350 °C, which also increased with milling duration. This study revealed that the performance of biocomposite improved significantly with a lower percentage matrix and fillernanoparticle rather than increasing the percentage of the matrix. The nanocomposite can be used as a panelboard in industrial applications.
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Rodrigo, Dolores, und Alfredo Palop. „Applications of Natural Antimicrobials in Food Packaging and Preservation“. Foods 10, Nr. 3 (09.03.2021): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030568.
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In the food science field, the term “antimicrobial” basically refers to active substances of synthetic or natural origin, that are directly or indirectly present in a specific food, packaging material or food contact surface that affect the viability or the growth of microorganisms in that matrix [...]
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Kong, Ianne, Ivana Gelasia Lamudji, Kathleen Josephine Angkow, Rayyane Mazaya Syifa Insani, Muhammad Abdurrahman Mas und Liew Phing Pui. „Application of Edible Film with Asian Plant Extracts as an Innovative Food Packaging: A Review“. Coatings 13, Nr. 2 (20.01.2023): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020245.
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Asian plants (AP) have long been used as natural food preservatives in the food industry. Asian plant extracts (APE) and essential oils (EOs) with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were incorporated into edible film (EF) for the inhibition of microbial growth in the food matrix. However, information on the utilization of these antibacterial EFs on the storage application of different local food products has not been thoroughly reviewed. Hence, this review gives an overview of the physicochemical, mechanical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of EF incorporated with AP and their storage application for the preservation of food products. For their applicability as food packaging, the potency of these EFs to be used as food packaging in preventing food spoilage or foodborne pathogens was also thoroughly reviewed. The addition of APE and EOs into the packaging matrix demonstrated the potential to prolong the storage of food products by preserving food quality (pH, colors, and lipid oxidation) and safety during storage, and the inhibition zones of some extracts against the pathogens demonstrated are weaker in comparison to the standard antibiotic drug used (WHO standards). In conclusion, the freshness of food products could be retained and lengthened by using EF with APE and Eos as active edible food packaging. However, additional research is required to significantly improve its antibacterial activity, producibility, and technical feasibility for long-term market use.
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Russell, D. L. „026. The cumulus matrix in ovulation: inert packaging or active delivery vehicle for the oocyte?“ Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, Nr. 9 (2005): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb05abs026.
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Preovulatory follicles respond to the LH-surge with a cascade of molecular events. The ovulatory signal initially impinges on the mural granulosa layers triggering rapid tissue morphogenesis and ultimately terminal differentiation of these cells. Mural granulosa cells transiently produce a suite of transcriptional regulators, EGF-like ligands as well the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycan, versican and the protease ADAMTS-1. These act in concert with permissive oocyte signals to induce and organise a complex hyaluronan (HA) rich ECM surrounding the cumulus cells and oocyte. This expanded cumulus matrix is analogous in composition to an extensive form of pericellular matrices actively associated with cell migration. During ovulation the cumulus matrix becomes anti-adhesive to the intra-follicular environment but is strongly pro-adhesive for the oviductal fimbria. When the follicle apex is perforated the COC is released binds to the fimbria and transports into the oviduct where fertilisation occurs. Success of ovulation and fertilisation is sensitive to the appropriate production and assembly of cumulus matrix components that are in turn dependent on an appropriate balance of oocyte and granulosa derived signals. Production of these cumulus matrix components is thus a potential checkpoint that assures ovulation of competent oocytes. The HA matrix is cross-linked by organiser molecules and also is enriched in proteases ADAMTS-1, 4, 5. Although these have potentially redundant functionality, ADAMTS-1 null female mice are profoundly sub-fertile and have reduced ovulation rate. Specific components of the cumulus matrix are disorganised in ADAMTS-1 null mice and cleavage of versican in these cumulus complexes is reduced. Thus ADAMTS-1 and versican have unique roles in normal cumulus matrix expansion that is important for ovulation. Altered interaction of the cumulus complex with neighbouring tissues alters transport through the oviduct, while abnormal persistence of COC matrix structure after ovulation is also likely to impair sperm interaction and penetration. Evidence thus indicates that the expanded cumulus matrix plays several active roles in oocyte release, transport and sperm interaction.
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Dash, Kshirod Kumar, Pinky Deka, Sneh Punia Bangar, Vandana Chaudhary, Monica Trif und Alexandru Rusu. „Applications of Inorganic Nanoparticles in Food Packaging: A Comprehensive Review“. Polymers 14, Nr. 3 (27.01.2022): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030521.
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Nanoparticles (NPs) have acquired significance in technological breakthroughs due to their unique properties, such as size, shape, chemical composition, physiochemical stability, crystal structure, and larger surface area. There is a huge demand for packaging materials that can keep food fresher for extended periods of time. The incorporation of nanoscale fillers in the polymer matrix would assists in the alleviation of packaging material challenges while also improving functional qualities. Increased barrier properties, thermal properties like melting point and glass transition temperatures, and changed functionalities like surface wettability and hydrophobicity are all features of these polymers containing nanocomposites. Inorganic nanoparticles also have the potential to reduce the growth of bacteria within the packaging. By incorporating nano-sized components into biopolymer-based packaging materials, waste material generated during the packaging process may be reduced. The different inorganic nanoparticles such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, silver, and gold are the most preferred inorganic nanoparticles used in food packaging. Food systems can benefit from using these packaging materials and improve physicochemical and functional properties. The compatibility of inorganic nanoparticles and their various forms with different polymers make them excellent components for package fortification. This review article describes the various aspects of developing and applying inorganic nanoparticles in food packaging. This study provides diverse uses of metals and metal oxides nanoparticles in food packaging films for the development of improved packaging films that can extend the shelf life of food products. These packaging solutions containing nanoparticles would effectively preserve, protect, and maintain the quality of the food material.
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Ma, Hui, Huanxia Zhang, Dongsheng Wang, Xiangyu Zeng, Jie Yi, Jianda Cao und Wen Wu. „Structure and performance analysis of flatter ribbon-like electrospun poly(L-lactic acid)/graphene oxide nanofiber webs“. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (Januar 2020): 155892502095292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020952924.
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Polylactic acid matrix composites are widely used in packagings and biomaterials. The specific surface area, flexibility and degradation efficiency of the material are the key factors to determine its application in these fields. In this study, a series of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)/graphene oxide (GO) composite nanofiber webs were prepared using electrospinning technique. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of PLLA/GO nanofibers showed a rougher surface and a smaller average diameter compared with that of pure PLLA nanofibers, and the nanofibers with 6 wt% GO in PLLA matrix looked like flatter ribbon. Accordingly, the tensile stress test of the electrospun webs with different GO contents showed high performance, 400% increment in the tensile stress at presence of 6 wt% GO. The hydrolytic degradation behavior of composite the nanofiber webs exhibited that the presence of GOs greatly improved the degradation rate, after 9 days, the degradation ratio of PLLA/GO can reach 16.83%. of the PLLA matrix, resulting from the better hydrophilic property and absorbability. Using GO to improve the preparation of new biocompatible materials from PLLA can provide a reference for problems in the field of packaging materials.
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Dungani, Rudi, Ihak Sumardi, Yoyo Suhaya, Pingkan Aditiawati, Safar Dody, Enih Rosamah, Md Nazrul Islam, Sri Hartati und Tati Karliati. „Reinforcing effects of seaweed nanoparticles in agar-based biopolymer composite: Physical, water vapor barrier, mechanical, and biodegradable properties“. BioResources 16, Nr. 3 (28.05.2021): 5118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.5118-5132.
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In recent times, the indiscriminate disposal of post-consumer plastic packaging material has received global attention. There is a need to develop an alternative packaging material from bio-based polymers to reduce plastic waste pollution. This work studied the effects of loading seaweed nanoparticles into an agar matrix by analyzing the physical, mechanical, water vapor barrier, and biodegradation properties, as well as the surface morphological properties of biopolymer composite. The results showed that the addition of seaweed nanoparticles in the biopolymer matrix improved the properties of the agar-based biopolymer composite, except for the water vapor barrier properties of the biopolymer composite. The biopolymer composite film loaded with 6 w/w% seaweed nanoparticles appeared to achieve the highest mechanical strength. In addition, scanning electron microscopy analysis verified that the 6% w/w% seaweed nanoparticles biopolymer composite showed a homogenous surface morphology and had a strong adhesion on the interfaces of the filler and matrix. The samples had a desirable density of 0.0131 cm-1g-1 and a desirable biodegradability when 8 w/w% nanoparticles was used. This study verified that seaweed nanoparticles are compatible with agar matrix in terms of the enhancement of biopolymer composite properties.
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Azmi, K., M. N. Derman, A. M. Mustafa Al Bakri und A. V. Sandu. „Thermal Expansion Behavior of the Electroless Copper Coated Cu-SiCp Composites Fabricated via the Conventional Powder Metallurgical Technique“. Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (Dezember 2013): 857–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.857.
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The introduction of the metal matrix composites as the advanced electronic packaging materials is highly anticipated because their thermal properties can be engineered to match those of semiconductors, ceramics substrates and optical fibers. Among these advanced packaging materials, silicon carbide particles reinforced copper matrix (Cu-SiCp) composites are highly rated due to the high thermal conductivity of copper and low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of silicon carbide. However, the Cu-SiCp composites fabricated via the conventional powder metallurgy (PM) technique usually have immature thermophysical properties due to the weak bonding between the copper matrix and the SiCp reinforcement. In order to improve the bonding between the two constituents, the SiCp were coated with copper via electroless coating process prior to PM fabrication processes. Based on the experimental results, The CTE and porosity of the Cu-SiCp composites were significantly affected by the volume fraction of SiCp. Furthermore, the CTE and porosity of the Cu-Coated Cu-SiCp composites were significantly lower than the non-Coated Cu-SiCp composites. These differences were mainly contributed by the nature of the bonding between the copper matrix and SiCp reinforcement.
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Azevedo, Ana G., Carolina Barros, Sónia Miranda, Ana Vera Machado, Olga Castro, Bruno Silva, Margarida Saraiva et al. „Active Flexible Films for Food Packaging: A Review“. Polymers 14, Nr. 12 (16.06.2022): 2442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122442.
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Active food packaging is a dynamic area where the scientific community and industry have been trying to find new strategies to produce innovative packaging that is economically viable and compatible with conventional production processes. The materials used to develop active packaging can be organized into scavenging and emitting materials, and based on organic and inorganic materials. However, the incorporation of these materials in polymer-based flexible packaging is not always straightforward. The challenges to be faced are mainly related to active agents’ sensitivity to high temperatures or difficulties in dispersing them in the high viscosity polymer matrix. This review provides an overview of methodologies and processes used in the production of active packaging, particularly for the production of active flexible films at the industrial level. The direct incorporation of active agents in polymer films is presented, focusing on the processing conditions and their effect on the active agent, and final application of the packaging material. Moreover, the incorporation of active agents by coating technologies and supercritical impregnation are presented. Finally, the use of carriers to help the incorporation of active agents and several methodologies is discussed. This review aims to guide academic and industrial researchers in the development of active flexible packaging, namely in the selection of the materials, methodologies, and process conditions.
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Zubair, Muhammad, Sohail Shahzad, Ajaz Hussain, Rehan Ali Pradhan, Muhammad Arshad und Aman Ullah. „Current Trends in the Utilization of Essential Oils for Polysaccharide- and Protein-Derived Food Packaging Materials“. Polymers 14, Nr. 6 (13.03.2022): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061146.
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Essential oils (EOs) have received attention in the food industry for developing biopolymer-derived food packaging materials. EOs are an excellent choice to replace petroleum-derived additives in food packaging materials due to their abundance in nature, eco-friendliness, and superior antimicrobial and antioxidant attributes. Thus far, EOs have been used in cellulose-, starch-, chitosan-, and protein-based food packaging materials. Biopolymer-based materials have lower antioxidant and antibacterial properties in comparison with their counterparts, and are not suitable for food packaging applications. Various synthetic-based compounds are being used to improve the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of biopolymers. However, natural essential oils are sustainable and non-harmful alternatives to synthetic antimicrobial and antioxidant agents for use in biopolymer-derived food packaging materials. The incorporation of EOs into the polymeric matrix affects their physicochemical properties, particularly improving their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. EOs in the food packaging materials increase the shelf life of the packaged food, inhibit the growth of microorganisms, and provide protection against oxidation. Essential oils also influence other properties, such as tensile, barrier, and optical properties of the biopolymers. This review article gives a detailed overview of the use of EOs in biopolymer-derived food packaging materials. The innovative ways of incorporating of EOs into food packaging materials are also highlighted, and future perspectives are discussed.
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Farousha, Khadija, Pei En Tham, Kit Wayne Chew, Suksun Amornraksa und Pau Loke Show. „The Future of Food Preservation: Active Packaging with Controlled Release Systems“. E3S Web of Conferences 428 (2023): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342802009.
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This report provides an overview of active packaging with a focus on controlled release packaging (CRP) technologies, which have been developed to improve the shelf life of food products. Active packaging systems incorporate various functional components such as antimicrobial agents or oxygen scavengers into package material to maintain product quality during storage. CRP technology involves encapsulating bioactive compounds within a carrier matrix that can be released in a controlled manner over time. The paper compares these two promising technologies and highlights their advantages for extending shelf life while maintaining product quality. While active packaging is more suitable for short-term preservation due to non-controllable active agent release, CRP has potential applications in long-term preservation due to its ability to provide sustained release of bioactive compounds. Future prospects include developing a blend of CRP and intelligent food packaging. However, challenges remain including the sustainable release rate of the active agents from the packaging into the headspace or food surface. Overall, this review provides insights into the current state-of-the-art research on CRP technologies while highlighting future directions for improving food safety through innovative approaches aimed at preserving freshness while minimizing waste generation from expired products.
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Wu, Minjie, Wenshuang Han, Chun Zhang, Shuo Zhang, Xinyang Zhang, Xinggang Chen, Kimiyoshi Naito, Xiaoyan Yu und Qingxin Zhang. „Rational Design of Fluorinated Phthalonitrile/Hollow Glass Microsphere Composite with Low Dielectric Constant and Excellent Heat Resistance for Microelectronic Packaging“. Nanomaterials 12, Nr. 22 (11.11.2022): 3973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12223973.
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High-performance composites with a resin matrix are urgently required for electronic packaging due to their low dielectric constant, outstanding high temperature resistance, excellent corrosion resistance, light weight and easy molding. In this work, hollow-glass-microsphere (HGM)-filled fluorinated-phthalonitrile (PBDP) composites, with filler contents ranging from 0 to 35.0 vol.%, were prepared in order to modify the dielectric properties of the phthalonitrile. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations indicate that the modified HGM particles were uniformly dispersed in the matrix. The PBDP/27.5HGM-NH2 composite demonstrates a low dielectric constant of 1.85 at 12 GHz. The 5% thermogravimetric temperature (T5) of composites with silanized HGM filler (481–486 °C) is higher than the minimum packaging-material requirements (450 °C). In addition, the heat-resistance index (THRI) of PBDP/HGM-NH2 composites reached as high as 268 °C. the storage modulus of PBDP/HGM-NH2 composites were significantly increased to 1283 MPa at 400 °C, an increase by 50%, in comparison to that of PBDP phthalonitrile resin (857 MPa). The excellent dielectric and thermal properties of the present composites may pave a way for comprehensive applications in electronic packaging and thermal management for energy systems.
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Costa Júnior, Lindembergue Pereira, Tatiara Gomes De Almeida, Gabriella Amorim Muniz Falcão, Laura Hecker De Carvalho, Gloria Maria Vinhas und Yêda Medeiros Bastos De Almeida. „Effect of organoclay and corn straw on the properties of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) hybrid composites“. Revista de Gestão e Secretariado (Management and Administrative Professional Review) 14, Nr. 7 (19.07.2023): 11309–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v14i7.2294.
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The packaging industry requires permeable materials capable of offering freshness of the packaging content. The use of fillers can enhance these permeable properties to the polymeric material. This work investigates the effect of incorporating different fillers (organophilic clay and corn straw) on the rheological, mechanical, permeability, water absorption and biodegradability characteristics of poly (butylene adipate co-terephthalate) (PBAT) processed in an internal laboratory mixer. Extruded films and specimens injection molded were produced. The results of torque rheometry suggest polymer matrix degradation during processing slightly increase, also evidenced by MFR results. Composite films showed a drop in tensile strength, higher stiffness and lower elongation. Incorporation of the fillers in the PBAT matrix enhanced the permeability to oxygen gas of the produced films. The presence of fillers significantly increased the capacity of water absorption. The incorporation of C20A and, mainly, CS tends to accelerate the biodegradation of PBAT. Adding small amounts of organoclay C20A and CS to PBAT leads to a material that combines maintenance or improvement of biodegradation combined with higher permeability to oxygen, which indicates the potential use of these systems in packaging industry for maintenance of freshness of content.
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Wang, Xiao Gang, Huai Yan Ren, Ming Zhu, Li Rong Deng und Shu He Lu. „The Research of β-SiCp/Al Electronic Packaging Composites Fabricated by Pressureless Infiltrating“. Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (März 2012): 3816–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3816.
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The β-SiCp/Al electronic packaging composites with excellent performance were successfully fabricated by pressureless infiltration technology in air.The effects of alloying elements, infiltration temperature and time on infiltration process and application of -SiC were studied.The results show that by adding appropriate magnesium to aluminum matrix, a interface reaction between oxide films of SiC and magnesium occurs, and the interface reaction product MgAl2O4 is generated, the interface wettability of Al and SiC and pressureless infiltration are improved.The interface harmful phase Al4C3 can be inhibited by adding silicon to aluminum matrix.Identified 850°C for the best infiltration temperature, and the thickness with infiltration time and larger, infiltration rate is about 10mm/hour.Under the same parameter conditions, the thermal properties of β-SiCp/Al electronic packaging material are 4 ~ 6% higher than that of ɑ-SiCp/Al. The β-SiCp/Al electronic packaging materials with 66% SiC volume ratio has lower coefficiency of thermal expansion than those ɑ-SiCp/Al electronic packaging materials.And the thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity of β-SiCp/Al electronic material can satisfy the requirements for electronic packaging materials.