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Thematische Bibliographien / Pathogen attack / Zeitschriftenartikel

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Pathogen attack“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 21. Februar 2023

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1

MARQUIS, ROBERT J., IVONE R. DINIZ, and HELENA C. MORAIS. "Patterns and correlates of interspecific variation in foliar insect herbivory and pathogen attack in Brazilian cerrado." Journal of Tropical Ecology 17, no. 1 (January 2001): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467401001080.

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Patterns of insect herbivore and leaf pathogen attack are described for 25 plant species (10 trees, 10 shrubs and five herbs) at a Brazilian savanna (cerrado) site. Plant and leaf traits were correlated with interspecific variation in attack by herbivores and pathogens in order to account for differences among plant species. Across all species, pathogen damage was 1.5 times higher than insect damage (17.3% vs. 6.8%, respectively). Most insect damage occurred to young leaves while they were expanding (end of the dry season). In contrast, pathogen attack was low on young expanding leaves at the

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OPREA, Daniela, Maria JOITA-PACUREANU, Florin Gabriel ANTON, and Luxita RISNOVEANU. "The Resistance of Sunflower to the Attack of Some Pathogenic Agents in the Climate Conditions of the Northeast Baragan." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 79, no. 2 (November 20, 2022): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:2022.0034.

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Due to its national economic importance, the sunflower crop has established itself as the main oleaginous crop cultivated in Romania. It faces several diseases that are difficult to fight chemically. The creation of hybrids resistant to the attack of pathogens has proven to be an effective, safe, and environmentally friendly solution. This paper aims to examine the resistance of some biological sunflower creations created in Romania, to the attack of Phomopsis helianthi and Phoma macdonaldi fungi, in 2021. The experiment was placed in field conditions with a natural infestation, at A.R.D.S. Br

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Inal, Jameel M., Ephraim A. Ansa-Addo, and Sigrun Lange. "Interplay of host–pathogen microvesicles and their role in infectious disease." Biochemical Society Transactions 41, no. 1 (January 29, 2013): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20120257.

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The release of extracellular vesicles, whether MVs (microvesicles) or exosomes, from host cells or intracellular pathogens is likely to play a significant role in the infection process. Host MVs may fuse with pathogen surfaces to deliver host complement regulatory proteins. They may also deliver cytokines that enhance invasion. Decoy functions are also possible. Whereas host MVs may direct pathogens away from their target cells, pathogen MVs may in turn redirect complement membrane-attack complexes away from their target pathogen. An understanding of the mechanisms of this interplay, bringing

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Ruano, Guillermo, and David Scheuring. "Plant Cells under Attack: Unconventional Endomembrane Trafficking during Plant Defense." Plants 9, no. 3 (March 21, 2020): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9030389.

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Since plants lack specialized immune cells, each cell has to defend itself independently against a plethora of different pathogens. Therefore, successful plant defense strongly relies on precise and efficient regulation of intracellular processes in every single cell. Smooth trafficking within the plant endomembrane is a prerequisite for a diverse set of immune responses. Pathogen recognition, signaling into the nucleus, cell wall enforcement, secretion of antimicrobial proteins and compounds, as well as generation of reactive oxygen species, all heavily depend on vesicle transport. In contras

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Ávila Méndez, Kelly, and Hernán Mauricio Romero. "Plant responses to pathogen attack: molecular basis of qualitative resistance." Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía 70, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 8225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfna.v70n2.64526.

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Pathogens attack plants to assimilate nutrients from them. All plant species have succeeded in overcoming pathogenic attack; therefore disease condition is not the rule but the exception. A co-evolutionary battle has equipped plants with sophisticated defense mechanisms and cognate pathogens with a corresponding arsenal of counter strategies to overcome them. Traditionally, plant-pathogen interaction has been associated with molecules involved in recognition processes giving rise to models such as the "Zig-zag Model". However, this model is being re-evaluated because it is not consistent with

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Zhang, Xue, Yang-Shuo Dai, Yu-Xin Wang, Ze-Zhuo Su, Lu-Jun Yu, Zhen-Fei Zhang, Shi Xiao, and Qin-Fang Chen. "Overexpression of the Arabidopsis MACPF Protein AtMACP2 Promotes Pathogen Resistance by Activating SA Signaling." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 15 (August 7, 2022): 8784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158784.

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Immune response in plants is tightly regulated by the coordination of the cell surface and intracellular receptors. In animals, the membrane attack complex/perforin-like (MACPF) protein superfamily creates oligomeric pore structures on the cell surface during pathogen infection. However, the function and molecular mechanism of MACPF proteins in plant pathogen responses remain largely unclear. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis MACP2 and investigated the responsiveness of this protein during both bacterial and fungal pathogens. We suggest that MACP2 induces programmed cell death, bacte

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Paphitis, Katherine, Camille Achonu, Sandra Callery, Jonathan Gubbay, Kevin Katz, Matthew Muller, Herveen Sachdeva, et al. "Beyond flu: Trends in respiratory infection outbreaks in Ontario healthcare settings from 2007 to 2017, and implications for non-influenza outbreak management." Canada Communicable Disease Report 47, no. 56 (June 9, 2021): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v47i56a04.

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Background: Outbreaks cause significant morbidity and mortality in healthcare settings. Current testing methods can identify specific viral respiratory pathogens, yet the approach to outbreak management remains general. Objectives: Our aim was to examine pathogen-specific trends in respiratory outbreaks, including how attack rates, case fatality rates and outbreak duration differ by pathogen between hospitals and long-term care (LTC) and retirement homes (RH) in Ontario. Methods: Confirmed respiratory outbreaks in Ontario hospitals and LTC/RH reported between September 1, 2007, and August 31,

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Leary, Alexandre Y., Nattapong Sanguankiattichai, Cian Duggan, Yasin Tumtas, Pooja Pandey, Maria E. Segretin, Jose Salguero Linares, Zachary D. Savage, Rui Jin Yow, and Tolga O. Bozkurt. "Modulation of plant autophagy during pathogen attack." Journal of Experimental Botany 69, no. 6 (December 23, 2017): 1325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erx425.

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HUGHES, G. "Characterizing crop responses to patchy pathogen attack." Plant Pathology 39, no. 1 (March 1990): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1990.tb02469.x.

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Lin, Borong, Xue Qing, Jinling Liao, and Kan Zhuo. "Role of Protein Glycosylation in Host-Pathogen Interaction." Cells 9, no. 4 (April 20, 2020): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9041022.

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Host-pathogen interactions are fundamental to our understanding of infectious diseases. Protein glycosylation is one kind of common post-translational modification, forming glycoproteins and modulating numerous important biological processes. It also occurs in host-pathogen interaction, affecting host resistance or pathogen virulence often because glycans regulate protein conformation, activity, and stability, etc. This review summarizes various roles of different glycoproteins during the interaction, which include: host glycoproteins prevent pathogens as barriers; pathogen glycoproteins promo

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Biniaz, Yaser, Ahmad Tahmasebi, Aminallah Tahmasebi, Benedicte Albrectsen, Péter Poczai, and Alireza Afsharifar. "Transcriptome Meta-Analysis Identifies Candidate Hub Genes and Pathways of Pathogen Stress Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana." Biology 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11081155.

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Following a pathogen attack, plants defend themselves using multiple defense mechanisms to prevent infections. We used a meta-analysis and systems-biology analysis to search for general molecular plant defense responses from transcriptomic data reported from different pathogen attacks in Arabidopsis thaliana. Data from seven studies were subjected to meta-analysis, which revealed a total of 3694 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), where both healthy and infected plants were considered. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis further suggested th

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Husaini, Amjad M., Aafreen Sakina, and Souliha R. Cambay. "Host–Pathogen Interaction in Fusarium oxysporum Infections: Where Do We Stand?" Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 31, no. 9 (September 2018): 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-12-17-0302-cr.

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Fusarium oxysporum, a ubiquitous soilborne pathogen, causes devastating vascular wilt in more than 100 plant species and ranks 5th among the top 10 fungal plant pathogens. It has emerged as a human pathogen, too, causing infections in immune-compromised patients. Therefore, it is important to gain insight into the molecular processes involved in the pathogenesis of this transkingdom pathogen. A complex network comprising interconnected and overlapping signal pathways—mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, Ras proteins, G-protein signaling components and their downstream pathways,

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Lee, Junghwan, and Chang-Hwa Song. "Effect of Reactive Oxygen Species on the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria during Intracellular Pathogen Infection of Mammalian Cells." Antioxidants 10, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060872.

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Oxidative stress, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS), are important for innate immunity against pathogens. ROS directly attack pathogens, regulate and amplify immune signals, induce autophagy and activate inflammation. In addition, production of ROS by pathogens affects the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, leading to cell death. However, it is unclear how ROS regulate host defense mechanisms. This review outlines the role of ROS during intracellular pathogen infection, mechanisms of ROS production and regulation of host defense mechanisms by ROS. Finally, the interaction be

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Santos, Bráulio A., Mauricio Quesada, Fernando Rosas, and Julieta Benítez-Malvido. "Potential Effects of Host Height and Phenology on Adult Susceptibility to Foliar Attack in Tropical Dry Forest Grass." ISRN Ecology 2011 (April 27, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/730801.

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Identifying the sources of variation in plant susceptibility to herbivore and pathogen attack is critical to understand ecological processes determining species abundance and diversity in tropical forests. We assessed the potential effect of tiller height and phenology on standing levels of herbivore and pathogen damage on adults of the woody perennial grass Lasiacis ruscifolia in the tropical dry forest of Chamela, Mexico. Analyses revealed that adult susceptibility to pathogens was greater in small and fruiting tillers than in taller and leaf flushing tillers. Adult susceptibility to herbivo

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Hoagland, Robert E. "Chemical Interactions with Bioherbicides to Improve Efficacy." Weed Technology 10, no. 3 (September 1996): 651–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00040586.

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Bioherbicides can be defined as plant pathogens, phytotoxins derived from pathogens or other microorganisms, augmentatively applied to control weeds. Although many pathogens with bioherbicidal potential have been discovered, most lack sufficient aggressiveness to overcome weed defenses to achieve adequate control. Plants use various physical and biochemical mechanisms to defend against pathogen infectivity, including callose deposition, hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein accumulation, pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins), phytoalexin production, lignin and phenolic formation, and free rad

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Yao, Nan, Satoshi Imai, Yasuomi Tada, Hitoshi Nakayashiki, Yukio Tosa, Pyoyun Park, and Shigeyuki Mayama. "Apoptotic Cell Death is a Common Response to Pathogen Attack in Oats." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 15, no. 10 (October 2002): 1000–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.10.1000.

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We have examined the characteristics of cell death induced by pathogen infection in oats with respect to following hallmark apoptotic features: DNA laddering, chromatin condensation, and electron microscopic-bterminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated UTP end labeling positive response. A wide range of plant pathogens representing different levels of parasitism in susceptible and resistant interactions were used for the inocula, which include (i) an obligate parasite, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (the crown rust fungus); (ii) a facultative biotroph parasite, Magnaporthe grisea (the blas

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PELTONEN, S. "Induced defence responses of cereals to pathogen attack." Agricultural and Food Science 8, no. 4-5 (January 4, 1999): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5642.

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The defence responses of plants are usually composed of a multitude of structural and biochemical events. Some occur constitutively, whereas others, which are emphasised in this review, are formed in response to pathogen attack and are considered as active reactions of plants. Induction of defence mechanisms can be observed in all plants regardless of their genetic background. Thus, this phenomenon can occur in cultivars with or without known genes for disease resistance. The general defence features of plants may contribute significantly to the overall disease resistance of plants and increas

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Johnson, Chad, J. Muse Davis, Anna Huttenlocher, John Kernien, and Jeniel Nett. "970. Emerging Pathogen Candida auris Evades Neutrophil Attack." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy209.086.

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Abstract Background Candida auris, an emerging fungal pathogen, causes hospital-associated outbreaks of invasive candidiasis with mortality near 60%. Little is known about the pathogenesis of this species that has newly arisen in the last 10 years, and it is unclear why this species is rapidly spreading worldwide. Neutrophils, critical for control of invasive candidiasis, kill fungi through phagocytosis or the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are structures of DNA, histones, and proteins with antimicrobial activity. The objective of this study was to delineate the neutro

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Basri, Hasan. "Texture Feature Extraction of Pathogen Microscopic Image Using Discrete Wavelet Transform." Jurnal Riset Informatika 5, no. 1 (December 14, 2022): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34288/jri.v5i1.488.

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This study used a case study of Jabon leaves, and the pathogen is one of the causes of disease that attack the leaves of jabon, one of the leaf spots and leaf blight. Discovery of leaf spot disease in different pathogens and leaf blight. The pathogen was obtained from the leaf spot of Curvularia sp. 1 and Pestalotia sp., while the pathogen came from Curvularia sp. 2 and Botrytis sp. Identify the pathogen as soon as possible to minimize its effects. Improper handling can lead to increased virulence and resistance to the pathogen. Improper handling also can cause a disease outbreak (disease epid

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Irawan, S., and E. Antriyandarti. "BIOTRICO: A Breakthrough Fertilizer for Sustainable Agriculture." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 940, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/940/1/012047.

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Abstract The second goal of Sustainable Development Goals is to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition as well as promote sustainable agriculture. Within the framework of sustainable development, agriculture has dimensions as a complex ecosystem of which biodiversity and productivity must be maintained. Accordingly, organic agriculture is an agricultural system that holistically pays attention to the sustainability of biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activities. The problems faced by farmers are the attack of disease-causing pathogens; the level of pathoge

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Dehgahi, Raheleh, Sreeramanan Subramaniam, Latiffah Zakaria, Alireza Joniyas, Farid Beiki Firouzjahi, Kianoosh Haghnama, and Mohammad Razinataj. "Review of Research on Fungal Pathogen Attack and Plant Defense Mechanism against Pathogen." International Journal of Scientific Research in Agricultural Sciences 2, no. 8 (August 1, 2015): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.12983/ijsras-2015-p0197-0208.

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Danu Tuheteru, Faisal, Sri Utami, Illa Anggraeni, Husna Husna, and Agus Kurniawan. "PENYAKIT BERCAK DAUN PADA BIBIT BITTI (Vitex cofassusReinw.) DI PERSEMAIAN." Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan 15, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2021.15.2.77-84.

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Bitti (Vitex cofassusReinw.) is a native plant species in Sulawesi which belongs to Verbenaceae family. This species has great potential to be developed as a house construction material, boat base material, and household utensils. Development of bitti silviculture techniques is very necessary in supporting the efforts to develop these plants. One of problems in this cultivation is disease attack. This study aimed to determine symptoms of disease attack, level of severity, determine kind of pathogen that cause disease, and analyzesome factors that cause pathogen attack on bitti seedlings. The r

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Butt, Ghazala Rauf, Zainab Abdul Qayyum, and Matthew Alan Jones. "Plant Defence Mechanisms Are Modulated by the Circadian System." Biology 9, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9120454.

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Plant health is an important aspect of food security, with pathogens, pests, and herbivores all contributing to yield losses in crops. Plants’ defence against pathogens is complex and utilises several metabolic processes, including the circadian system, to coordinate their response. In this review, we examine how plants’ circadian rhythms contribute to defence mechanisms, particularly in response to bacterial pathogen attack. Circadian rhythms contribute to many aspects of the plant–pathogen interaction, although significant gaps in our understanding remain to be explored. We conclude that if

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Baruah, Indrani, Gajendra Mohan Baldodiya, Jagajjit Sahu, and Geetanjali Baruah. "Dissecting the Role of Promoters of Pathogen-sensitive Genes in Plant Defense." Current Genomics 21, no. 7 (October 22, 2020): 491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202921999200727213500.

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Plants inherently show resistance to pathogen attack but are susceptible to multiple bacteria, viruses, fungi, and phytoplasmas. Diseases as a result of such infection leads to the deterioration of crop yield. Several pathogen-sensitive gene activities, promoters of such genes, associated transcription factors, and promoter elements responsible for crosstalk between the defense signaling pathways are involved in plant resistance towards a pathogen. Still, only a handful of genes and their promoters related to plant resistance have been identified to date. Such pathogen-sensitive promoters are

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Zhu, Qian-Hao, Wei-Xing Shan, Michael A. Ayliffe, and Ming-Bo Wang. "Epigenetic Mechanisms: An Emerging Player in Plant-Microbe Interactions." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 29, no. 3 (March 2016): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-08-15-0194-fi.

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Plants have developed diverse molecular and cellular mechanisms to cope with a lifetime of exposure to a variety of pathogens. Host transcriptional reprogramming is a central part of plant defense upon pathogen recognition. Recent studies link DNA methylation and demethylation as well as chromatin remodeling by posttranslational histone modifications, including acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination, to changes in the expression levels of defense genes upon pathogen challenge. Remarkably these inducible defense mechanisms can be primed prior to pathogen attack by epigenetic modifications

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Ku, Yee-Shan, Sau-Shan Cheng, Aisha Gerhardt, Ming-Yan Cheung, Carolina A. Contador, Lok-Yiu Winnie Poon, and Hon-Ming Lam. "Secretory Peptides as Bullets: Effector Peptides from Pathogens against Antimicrobial Peptides from Soybean." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (December 5, 2020): 9294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239294.

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Soybean is an important crop as both human food and animal feed. However, the yield of soybean is heavily impacted by biotic stresses including insect attack and pathogen infection. Insect bites usually make the plants vulnerable to pathogen infection, which causes diseases. Fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes are major soybean pathogens. The infection by pathogens and the defenses mounted by soybean are an interactive and dynamic process. Using fungi, oomycetes, and bacteria as examples, we will discuss the recognition of pathogens by soybean at the molecular level. In this rev

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Trandafirescu, M., A. Indreias, and I. Trandafirescu. "EVALUATION OF APRICOT BREEDING SELECTION RESISTANCE TO PATHOGEN ATTACK." Acta Horticulturae, no. 903 (August 2011): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.903.30.

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Islam, Waqar, Ali Noman, Muhammad Qasim, and Liande Wang. "Plant Responses to Pathogen Attack: Small RNAs in Focus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 2 (February 8, 2018): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19020515.

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McCullough, Kenneth C., Nicolas Ruggli, and Artur Summerfield. "Dendritic cells—At the front-line of pathogen attack." Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 128, no. 1-3 (March 2009): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.290.

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Leontovyčová, Hana, Tetiana Kalachova, and Martin Janda. "Disrupted actin: a novel player in pathogen attack sensing?" New Phytologist 227, no. 6 (May 13, 2020): 1605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.16584.

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MAUCH-MANI, B. "Salicylic Acid and Systemic Acquired Resistance to Pathogen Attack." Annals of Botany 82, no. 5 (November 1998): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1998.0726.

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Kanwar, Poonam, and Gopaljee Jha. "Alterations in plant sugar metabolism: signatory of pathogen attack." Planta 249, no. 2 (September 28, 2018): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-018-3018-3.

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Mukherjee, Rukmini, and Ivan Dikic. "Regulation of Host-Pathogen Interactions via the Ubiquitin System." Annual Review of Microbiology 76, no. 1 (September 8, 2022): 211–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-041020-025803.

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Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification that regulates a multitude of cellular functions. Pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, have evolved sophisticated mechanisms that evade or counteract ubiquitin-dependent host responses, or even exploit the ubiquitin system to their own advantage. This is largely done by numerous pathogen virulence factors that encode E3 ligases and deubiquitinases, which are often used as weapons in pathogen–host cell interactions. Moreover, upon pathogen attack, host cellular signaling networks undergo major ubiquitin-dependent changes to protect the host

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Shahzadi, Iqra, Aqeel Ahmad, Nasim Ahmad Yasin, Ghulam Fareed, Yaseen Ashraf, Waheed Akram, Waheed Ullah Khan, and Muhammad Tayyab. "First report of Alternaria brassicicola causing leaf spots on garlic, an important food and medicinal plant." Journal of Medicinal Botany 1 (May 1, 2017): 08. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/jmb.2017.v1.48.

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Timely reporting new pathogens in an area is very important to design crop cultivation strategies. Current study describes the attack of Alternaria brassicicola over garlic, an important food and medicinal plant in Punjab, Pakistan. Pathogen was successfully isolated over artificial fungal growth medium and its microscopic characteristics were studied morphologically. Its identification was confirmed by targeting ribosomal DNA (ribotyping) prior to its submission in Fungal Culture Bank of Pakistan (FCBP). The isolated pathogen was tested for its pathogenicity under greenhouse conditions. Furth

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García-Guzmán, Graciela, and Julieta Benítez-Malvido. "Effect of litter on the incidence of leaf-fungal pathogens and herbivory in seedlings of the tropical tree Nectandra ambigens." Journal of Tropical Ecology 19, no. 2 (February 6, 2003): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467403003195.

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Effects of litter cover on insect herbivory, leaf-fungal damage, and seedling performance (survival, growth in height and leaf number), were assessed on established Nectandra ambigens seedlings in three sites of a Mexican tropical rain forest. Naturally occurring seedlings were measured for height, leaf number and standing levels of leaf damage by herbivores and pathogens. Thereafter, seedlings were exposed for 1 y to three litter treatments: (1) litter addition, (2) control and (3) continuous litter removal. There was a significant effect of site on the proportion of surviving seedlings and o

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Mendoza-Soto, Ana Belén, Amada Zulé Rodríguez-Corral, Adriana Bojórquez-López, Maylin Cervantes-Rojo, Claudia Castro-Martínez, and Melina Lopez-Meyer. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Leads to Differential Regulation of Genes and miRNAs Associated with the Cell Wall in Tomato Leaves." Biology 11, no. 6 (June 2, 2022): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11060854.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is an association that provides nutritional benefits to plants. Importantly, it induces a physiological state allowing plants to respond to a subsequent pathogen attack in a more rapid and intense manner. Consequently, mycorrhiza-colonized plants become less susceptible to root and shoot pathogens. This study aimed to identify some of the molecular players and potential mechanisms related to the onset of defense priming by mycorrhiza colonization, as well as miRNAs that may act as regulators of priming genes. The upregulation of cellulose synthases, pectinester

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Bano, Ambreen, Anmol Gupta, Manas Ranjan Prusty, and Manoj Kumar. "Elicitation of Fruit Fungi Infection and Its Protective Response to Improve the Postharvest Quality of Fruits." Stresses 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 231–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stresses3010018.

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Fruit diseases brought on by fungus infestation leads to postharvest losses of fresh fruit. Approximately 30% of harvested fruits do not reach consumers’ plates due to postharvest losses. Fungal pathogens play a substantial part in those losses, as they cause the majority of fruit rots and consumer complaints. Understanding fungal pathogenic processes and control measures is crucial for developing disease prevention and treatment strategies. In this review, we covered the presented pathogen entry, environmental conditions for pathogenesis, fruit’s response to pathogen attack, molecular mechani

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Banks, Jonathan, and Glynn Percival. "Evaluation of Biostimulants to Control Guignardia Leaf Blotch (Guignardia aesculi) of Horsechestnut and Black Spot (Diplocarpon rosae) of Roses." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 38, no. 6 (November 1, 2012): 258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2012.035.

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Biostimulants are classified as materials that are neither a fertilizer nor a pesticide, but when applied to a plant will enhance their health, growth, and protection. Manufacturers claim biostimulants have underexploited potential in providing protectant properties to plants against pathogen attack. This study evaluated the efficacy of seven commercially available biostimulants against the foliar pathogens Guignardia aesculi, leaf blotch of horsechestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) and Diplocarpon rosae black spot of roses (Rosa “Pretty Polly”). None of the biostimulant products tested in thi

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Inglese, S. J., and N. D. Paul. "Tolerance of Senecio vulgaris to Infection and Disease Caused by Native and Alien Rust Fungi." Phytopathology® 96, no. 7 (July 2006): 718–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-0718.

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Plant defense strategies against pathogen attack can be divided into either resistance or tolerance. Variation in tolerance is expressed as differences in the relationship between host fitness (or yield) and the degree of infection. Plant tolerance of pathogen attack remains poorly understood both in terms of its specific mechanisms and in terms of the evolutionary processes by which it has arisen. Theoretical models predict that it is the result of coevolution between host and pathogen, suggesting greater tolerance in interactions with native as opposed to introduced pathogens. Therefore, we

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Arnaudov, Veselin, Stefan Gandev, and Milena Dimova. "Susceptibility of Some Walnut Cultivars to Gnomonia leptostyla and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis in Bulgaria." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 15, no. 1 (June 15, 2015): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1401041a.

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The aim of the present research was to study and compare the susceptibility of 13 walnut cultivars – 5 Bulgarian (B), 3 French (F), 2 Hungarian (H), and 3 American (A) – to Gnomonia leptostyla (Fr.) and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Pierce) Dye, the pathogens causing leaf spot and walnut blight. The study was conducted under natural environmental conditions in a 5-8-year-old walnut collection orchard of the Fruit Growing Institute – Plovdiv, during the period 2006-2010. The evaluation of the attack produced by these pathogens was carried out on different organs leaves and nuts in two

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Gómez-Ariza, Jorge, Sonia Campo, Mar Rufat, Montserrat Estopà, Joaquima Messeguer, Blanca San Segundo, and María Coca. "Sucrose-Mediated Priming of Plant Defense Responses and Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance by Overexpression of the Maize Pathogenesis-Related PRms Protein in Rice Plants." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 20, no. 7 (July 2007): 832–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-20-7-0832.

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Expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes is part of the plant's natural defense response against pathogen attack. The PRms gene encodes a fungal-inducible PR protein from maize. Here, we demonstrate that expression of PRms in transgenic rice confers broad-spectrum protection against pathogens, including fungal (Magnaporthe oryzae, Fusarium verticillioides, and Helminthosporium oryzae) and bacterial (Erwinia chrysanthemi) pathogens. The PRms-mediated disease resistance in rice plants is associated with an enhanced capacity to express and activate the natural plant defense mechanisms. Thus,

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MALINAS, Cristian, Ioan OROIAN, Antonia ODAGIU, Cristrian IEDERAN, and Alexandra SUCIU. "Meta - Models Efficiency in Assessing the Vegetal Pathogens Attack." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 70, no. 2 (November 25, 2013): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:9754.

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The use of meta-models approach as component of the prevention strategy against different pathogens attack, specific for vegetal cultures, receives an increasing interest. Due to the importance ofÂ theÂ climaticÂ influenceÂ uponÂ pathogensÂ action,Â almostÂ allÂ theseÂ approachesÂ useÂ theÂ inputsÂ from meteorological stations placed in field. Another important component of such a system is represented byÂ aÂ specificÂ softwareÂ programÂ usedÂ forÂ estimationÂ ofÂ virtualÂ geographicalÂ distributionÂ ofÂ target pathogen/pathogens.Â ThisÂ articleÂ aimsÂ toÂ emphasizeÂ the possibilityÂ ofÂ using

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Meyer, Susan E., Julie Beckstead, and Phil S. Allen. "Niche specialization in Bromus tectorum seed bank pathogens." Seed Science Research 28, no. 3 (June 13, 2018): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258518000193.

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AbstractNiche theory predicts that when two species exhibit major niche overlap, one will eventually be eliminated through competitive exclusion. Thus, some degree of niche specialization is required to facilitate coexistence. We examined whether two important seed bank pathogens on the invasive winter annual grass Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass, downy brome) exhibit niche specialization. These pathogens utilize seed resources in complementary ways. Pyrenophora semeniperda is specialized to attack dormant seeds. It penetrates directly through the seed coverings. Hyphae ramify first through the en

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Hardham, Adrienne R., and David M. Cahill. "The role of oomycete effectors in plant - pathogen interactions." Functional Plant Biology 37, no. 10 (2010): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp10073.

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Plants constantly come into contact with a diverse range of microorganisms that are potential pathogens, and they have evolved multi-faceted physical and chemical strategies to inhibit pathogen ingress and establishment of disease. Microbes, however, have developed their own strategies to counteract plant defence responses. Recent research on plant–microbe interactions has revealed that an important part of the infection strategies of a diverse range of plant pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, is the production of effector proteins that are secreted by the pathogen and that pr

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Miller, Gabriel A., Judith K. Pell, and Stephen J. Simpson. "Crowded locusts produce hatchlings vulnerable to fungal attack." Biology Letters 5, no. 6 (August 12, 2009): 845–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0495.

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Transgenerational effects of parental experience on offspring immunity are well documented in the vertebrate literature (where antibodies play an obligatory role), but have only recently been described in invertebrates. We have assessed the impact of parental rearing density upon offspring disease resistance by challenging day-old locust hatchlings ( Schistocerca gregaria ) from either crowd- or solitary-reared parents with the fungal pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum . When immersed in standardized conidia suspensions, hatchlings from gregarious parents suffered greater pathogen-in

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Kupfer, Tom R., and Daniel M. T. Fessler. "Ectoparasite defence in humans: relationships to pathogen avoidance and clinical implications." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1751 (June 4, 2018): 20170207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0207.

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Currently, disgust is regarded as the main adaptation for defence against pathogens and parasites in humans. Disgust's motivational and behavioural features, including withdrawal, nausea, appetite suppression and the urge to vomit, defend effectively against ingesting or touching sources of pathogens. However, ectoparasites do not attack their hosts via ingestion, but rather actively attach themselves to the body surface. Accordingly, by itself, disgust offers limited defence against ectoparasites. We propose that, like non-human animals, humans have a distinct ectoparasite defence system that

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Farahani, Ali Safaie, and Mohsen Taghavi. "Changes of antioxidant enzymes of mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] in response to host and non-host bacterial pathogens." Journal of Plant Protection Research 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2016-0016.

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Abstract The natural resistance against the majority of potential pathogens that exist in most plant species is known as non-host resistance. Several reports suggest the role of antioxidant enzymes in non-host resistance. We assayed the expression or activity of four scavenging enzymes during non-host pathogen-plant interaction (Xanthomonas hortorum pv. pelargonii/mung bean) and host pathogen-plant interaction (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli/mung bean). The expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and the enzyme activity of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX

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Lippok, Bernadette, Rainer P. Birkenbihl, Gaelle Rivory, Janna Brümmer, Elmon Schmelzer, Elke Logemann, and Imre E. Somssich. "Expression of AtWRKY33 Encoding a Pathogen- or PAMP-Responsive WRKY Transcription Factor Is Regulated by a Composite DNA Motif Containing W Box Elements." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 20, no. 4 (April 2007): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-20-4-0420.

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WRKY transcription factors regulate distinct parts of the plant defense transcriptome. Expression of many WRKY genes themselves is induced by pathogens or pathogen-mimicking molecules. Here, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis WRKY33 responds to various stimuli associated with plant defense as well as to different kinds of phytopathogens. Although rapid pathogen-induced AtWRKY33 expression does not require salicylic acid (SA) signaling, it is dependent on PAD4, a key regulator upstream of SA. Activation of AtWRKY33 is independent of de novo protein synthesis, suggesting that it is at least partly

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Parvaiz, Aqsa, Ghulam Mustafa, and Faiz A. Joyia. "UNDERSTANDING INVASIVE PLANT MYCOPARASITES AND THEIR REMEDY THROUGH ADVANCED MOLECULAR APPROACHES." Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 30, no. 2 (December 27, 2018): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.030.02.0452.

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Fungi are historically notorious pests that have threatened availability of quality food. Several invasive species have appeared to be destructive for valuable crop species and even led to famine in certain severe cases. Surveillance and eradication of these disastrous microbial invaders is dependent on their sentinel behavior. Molecular Biology has helped to great extent in understanding these epidemic agents. Plant defense system as well as plant microbe interaction have well been explored and proved quite fruitful in understanding metabolic pathways involved in pathogenesis and defense resp

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Goodman, B. A. "The involvement of oxygen-derived free radicals in plant–pathogen interactions." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 102 (1994): 479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000014500.

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SynopsisPlants have evolved a multiplicity of defence mechanisms against pathogen attack. Their modes of action may be to (i) kill the pathogen directly, (ii) block the action of enzymes required for infection, or (iii) erect barriers to pathogen growth. Some of these reactions proceed via free radical intermediates and make use of either atmospheric oxygen or reactive oxygen species. This paper reviews the various types of reaction involving oxygen-derived free radicals that are initiated in plant tissue when it is invaded by pathogenic organisms. Both the production of free radicals by plant

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