Thematische Bibliographien / PCM cooling

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  1. Zeitschriftenartikel
  2. Dissertationen
  3. Bücher
  4. Buchteile
  5. Konferenzberichte
  6. Berichte der Organisationen

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „PCM cooling“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 1. Dezember 2023

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "PCM cooling"

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Wang, Wanteng, Nan Li, Jinhui Zhang, Caihong Zhang und Liang Zhang. „Thermal Management Analysis of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Filled with Phase Change Material in Cooling Channel“. International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (30.03.2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9077046.

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Passive thermal management using a phase-change material (PCM) for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) has been proposed and widely used in the thermal management of Li-ion batteries. A three-dimensional and nonisothermal numerical model of a PEMFC with a PCM cooling channel (PCC) is established in this study. The PCC is better than an air-cooling channel (ACC) in terms of reactant distribution and water removal. Its temperature at the interface of the gas diffusion layer and catalyst layer is lower, and the uniformity of temperature is better. The peak current and power density of the PCC are 4.60% and 5.14% higher than those of the ACC, respectively. Furthermore, the PCC does not increase parasitic power, unlike the ACC. In addition, owing to the high temperature near the outlet, the cooling effects of filling 1/3 PCM and filling 2/3 PCM near the outlet and filling of all PCM are investigated, which shows that the filling of 2/3 PCM provides a better cooling performance.
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M, Ravikumar, und Srinivasan P.S.S. „PCM FOR BUILDING COOLING“. International Journal on Design and Manufacturing Technologies 3, Nr. 1 (2009): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18000/ijodam.70049.

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Palappan, Rajendran, Avadaiappa Pasupathy, Lazarus Asirvatham, Tharayil Trijo und Somchai Wongwises. „Heating and cooling capacity of phase change material coupled with screen mesh wick heat pipe for thermal energy storage applications“. Thermal Science 24, Nr. 2 Part A (2020): 723–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180207237p.

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The thermal performance of a phase change material (PCM) heat pipe system is experimentally analysed using acetone as heat pipe fluid in a heat load range of 10-50 W at different flow rates of the condenser coolant. The evaporator of the heat pipe is enclosed in a chamber which filled with a PCM or water. Heat inputs are applied at the evaporator of the heat pipe through the PCM or water. In this study, the heat retention as well as cooling time of the PCM-water are estimated at different heat loads and flow rates of condenser coolant. Similarly, the thermal resistance, evaporator and condenser heat transfer coefficients are also estimated at different heat loads. It is observed that the PCM takes more time during heating and cooling cycles to reach the steady-state temperatures and the temperature values reached during heating are also higher for PCM compared to water. The use of PCM enhances the thermal storage capacity and shows a maximum enhancement of 200% in heat retention time compared to water at 50 W. Moreover, a maximum enhancement of 63.6% is observed in the steady-state temperature of the PCM compared to water. Similarly thermal resistance, evaporator wall temperature and heat transfer coefficients of the heat pipe also vary for PCM and water. The experimental results indicate that PCM or water can be used in this combined system depending upon requirement of thermal storage or electronics cooling.
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Tang, Zhi Jun, Qun Zhi Zhu, Jia Wei Lu und Ming Yan Wu. „Study on Various Types of Cooling Techniques Applied to Power Battery Thermal Management Systems“. Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (Dezember 2012): 1571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1571.

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Power battery thermal management system (BTMS) is very important for the safe operation of electric vehicles (EVs). The cooling effect of air cooling, phase change material(PCM)cooling and liquid cooling applyed to BTMS are compared. The experiment results show that, in comparison with air cooling, PCM cooling and liquid cooling methods can reduce the battery temperature rise effectively; in comparison with PCM cooling, liquid cooling has a better effect in the aspect of controlling the battery temperature rise.
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Kiwan, Suhil, Hisham Ahmad, Ammar Alkhalidi, Wahib O. Wahib und Wael Al-Kouz. „Photovoltaic Cooling Utilizing Phase Change Materials“. E3S Web of Conferences 160 (2020): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016002004.

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A theoretical analysis based on mathematical formulations and experimental test to a photovoltaic system cooled by Phase Change Material (PCM) is carried out and documented. The PCM is attached to the back of the PV panel to control the temperature of cells in the PV panel. The experimental tests were done to solar systems with and without using PCM for comparison purposes. A PCM of paraffin graphite panels of thickness15 mm has covered the back of the panel. This layer was covered with an aluminum sheet fixed tightly to the panel frame. In the experimental test, it was found that when the average cell temperature exceeds the melting point temperature of the PCM, the efficiency of the system increases. However, when the cell temperature did not exceed the melting temperature of the PCM, the use of the PCM will affect negatively the system efficiency.
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Sarafraz, M., Mohammad Safaei, Arturo Leon, Iskander Tlili, Tawfeeq Alkanhal, Zhe Tian, Marjan Goodarzi und M. Arjomandi. „Experimental Investigation on Thermal Performance of a PV/T-PCM (Photovoltaic/Thermal) System Cooling with a PCM and Nanofluid“. Energies 12, Nr. 13 (04.07.2019): 2572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132572.

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In the present work, an experimental investigation is performed to assess the thermal and electrical performance of a photovoltaic solar panel cooling with multi-walled carbon nanotube–water/ethylene glycol (50:50) nano-suspension (MWCNT/WEG50). The prepared nanofluid was stabilized using an ultrasonic homogenizer together with the addition of 0.1vol% of nonylphenol ethoxylates at pH = 8.9. To reduce the heat loss and to improve the heat transfer rate between the coolant and the panel, a cooling jacket was designed and attached to the solar panel. It was also filled with multi-walled carbon nanotube–paraffin phase change material (PCM) and the cooling pipes were passed through the PCM. The MWCNT/WEG50 nanofluid was introduced into the pipes, while the nano-PCM was in the cooling jacket. The electrical and thermal power of the system and equivalent electrical–thermal power of the system was assessed at various local times and at different mass fractions of MWCNTs. Results showed that with an increase in the mass concentration of the coolant, the electricity and power production were promoted, while with an increase in the mass concentration of the nanofluid, the pumping power was augmented resulting in the decrease in the thermal–electrical equivalent power. It was identified that a MWCNT/WEG50 nano-suspension at 0.2wt% can represent the highest thermal and electrical performance of 292.1 W/m2. It was also identified that at 0.2wt%, ~45% of the electricity and 44% of the thermal power can be produced with a photovoltaic (PV) panel between 1:30 pm to 3:30 pm.
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Grimonia, E., M. R. C. Andhika, M. F. N. Aulady, R. V. C. Rubi und N. L. Hamidah. „Thermal Management System Using Phase Change Material for Lithium-ion Battery“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2117, Nr. 1 (01.11.2021): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2117/1/012005.

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Abstract The lithium-ion battery is promising energy storage that provides proper stability, no memory effect, low self-discharge rate, and high energy density. During its usage, batteries generate heat caused by energy loss due to the transition of chemical energy to electricity and the electron transfer cycle. Consequently, a thermal management system by cooling methods in the battery is needed to control heat. One of the cooling methods is a passive cooling system using a phase change material (PCM). PCM can accommodate a large amount of heat through small dimensions. It is easy to apply and requires no power in the cooling system. This study aims to find the best type of PCM criteria for a Lithium-ion battery cooling system. The research was conducted by simulations using computational fluid dynamics. The variations were using PCM Capric Acid and PCM Hexacosane, with thickness variations of 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm. Hexacosane PCM with 9 mm thickness indicates the best result to reduce heat up to 6.54°K, demonstrating a suitable passive cooling system for Li-ion batteries.
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Casenove, Eric, Loic Pujol, Alexis Vossier, Arnaud Perona, Vincent Goetz und Alain Dollet. „Assessment of a Phase Change Material (PCM) System for Moderating Temperature Rise of Solar Cells under Concentrated Sunlight“. Advances in Science and Technology 74 (Oktober 2010): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.74.205.

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Experiments and simulations were carried out to assess a passive device for cooling photovoltaic cells under concentrated sunlight. The cooling device was made of a Graphite- Phase Change Material (PCM) composite inserted in an aluminum enclosure. The PCM considered in this work was selected among several commercially available materials. Experimental plots of material temperature versus time were recorded for various incident solar powers and compared to 3D-thermal simulation predictions. Theoretical cell temperature profiles obtained using the PCM-based device were compared to those obtained without PCM, that is, using bulk (PCM-free) aluminum heat sink. The interest of using PCM cooling systems in CPV applications was finally discussed.
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Lv, Shan, und Zhong Zhu Qiu. „Super-Cooling Suppression of Microencapsulated PCM“. Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (Dezember 2014): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.422.

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Microencapsulated Phase change material can absorb and release large amounts of latent heat over a defined temperature range as its physical state changes. The microencapsulated PCM has high energy density and isothermal behavior during charging and discharging and can avoid the contradiction of the energy supply and demand unbalance in time and space. Meanwhile, the shell can separate the phase change material from the outside environment in order to protect the core material. But the super-cooling problem is a main barrier for microencapsulated PCM application. So this paper talks about how to dealing with super-cooling based on related literatures and gives an overview about the methodology in this area.
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Stamatiadou, Marianna E., Dimitrios I. Katsourinis und Maria A. Founti. „Computational assessment of a full-scale Mediterranean building incorporating wallboards with phase change materials“. Indoor and Built Environment 26, Nr. 10 (04.05.2016): 1429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16645384.

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In this study, a lightweight residential building in Greece was investigated, focusing on the summer comfort when wallboards with phase change materials (PCM) were installed in the external and internal walls. The effectiveness of the PCM wallboards installed was numerically assessed, while the energy performance of the building was examined, in order to quantify the effect of PCM in the annual cooling load needs, as a way of saving energy. Potential bigger energy savings were evaluated by defining the appropriate PCM melting temperature range and the ‘energy-conscious’ occupant behaviour (passive vs. active). Results were expressed in terms of percentage savings of cooling loads and with comparison to wall elements incorporated with plain gypsumboards instead of the PCM wallboards. The optimum phase change temperature change for the specific location was investigated by examining two-phase change transition temperatures of the PCM wallboards (PCM24 and PCM26 respectively). The use of PCM24 produced a 29% reduction of annual cooling loads, compared to 16% reduction produced by PCM26. Five scenarios were also examined, showing the behaviour of the PCM which was enhanced when a cooling system was installed. The cooling needs were lowered by an average of 25.7%, compared to the respective no-PCM scenarios.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "PCM cooling"

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Bellander, Rickard. „Testing large samples of PCM in water calorimeter and PCM used in room applications by night-air cooling“. Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-495.

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Gravoille, Pauline. „CASE STUDY OF ACTIVE FREE COOLING WITH THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY“. Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-77778.

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May 25, 2011, Reuters’ headline read: "New York State is prepared for summerelectricity demand". The NY operator forecasts for next summer a peak of 33GW, close to therecord ever reached. With soaring cooling demands, the electricity peak load represents a substantialconcern to the energy system. In the goal of peak shaving, research on alternative solutions based onThermal Energy Storage (TES), for both cooling and heating applications, has been largely performed.This thesis addresses thermal comfort applications with use of active free cooling through implementationof latent heat based TES. Active free cooling is based on the use of the freshness of a source, the outsideair for example, to cool down buildings. This work conceptualizes the implementation of TES basedcooling system with use of Phase Change Material in an in-house-built model. The principle of PhaseChange Material, or Latent Heat TES (LHTES), lies on latent energy which is the energy required for thematerial to change phase. In order to properly size this cooling system, a multi-objective optimization isadopted. This optimization, based on minimization of multi-objective functions, led to optimal designconfigurations. In parallel, the electrical consumption of the system and the volume uptake of the systemwere also considered. Through the obtained optimization studies, we identified non-linearinterdependency between the two objective functions: the cost of the system and the acceptable remainingcooling needs. By remaining cooling needs, we mean the cooling needs that the system cannot meet. As amatter of fact, sizing the system according to these cooling needs would imply a very high cost. It wasfound that for a certain amount of remaining cooling needs, the PCM-based cooling system reveals to bean interesting solution compared to conventional air conditioning in terms of electrical consumption andoverall system cost.
Best Master Thesis Award, granted by French Academic Institute
Cold Thermal Energy Storage
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Al, Rashdi Nayif. „Effect of PCM in improving the thermal cooling comfort in buildings ceiling“. Thesis, Al Rashdi, Nayif (2019) Effect of PCM in improving the thermal cooling comfort in buildings ceiling. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52470/.

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The demand for energy increases around Australia because of the massive growth in population and industrial sector, which lead to Increase energy supply. A result of this growth, Increase in the consumption of fossil fuel and that produce more CO2 emission. Many scientist and engineers claimed. Phase change material (PCM) considered a great option in the residential building to save energy and thermal comfort. From this concept, the thesis purposes are to analyse and investigate PCM performance in passive cooling in the residential ceiling by modelling, and experiment methods whether PCM will save cost and reduce CO2 emission. The method was divided into two parts the first one in modelling and the second part is experimenting. The first part was by modelling the PCM with other types of insulations in the ceiling with the consideration of weather data history around Murdoch University location and the measurement of the whole ceiling design. OPAQUE 3.0 beta software has been used to calculate all of heat gain, heat loss, and an energy reduction of the system in summer and winter. The second part was the experiment and analysed the effect of PCM in the small-scale build that symbolises house with the ceiling. Three-way valve and 5v fans used to control airflow within the ceiling in three different operation conditions Ventilation, Recycling, and Shutdown. Lab View and Arduino software were used to control the airflow and operation conditions by setting the upper limit temperature and the lower limit temperature of the human comfort zone. The outcome from modelling and simulation of the PCM shows an annual energy reduction between (13% - 21%) and CO2 equivalent emission reduced from 70 Kg to (60.9 Kg to 55.3 Kg). Furthermore, the experiment results indicate a temperature increase inside the build of 3 degrees Celsius as an effect known as greenhouse effect. Both results from simulation, experiment are close, and there was a minor difference in result. Weather was the main factor of not to cover the full potential of the PCM because the experiment done in June. PCM shows promising future in energy reduction and decrees CO2 emission.
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Hed, Göran. „Service life estimations in the design of a PCM based night cooling system“. Doctoral thesis, KTH, Civil and Architectural Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-449.

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The use of Phase Change Material, PCM, to change the thermal inertia of lightweight buildings is investigated in the CRAFT project C-TIDE. It is a joint project with Italian and Swedish partners, representing both industry and research. PCMs are materials where the phase change enthalpy can be used for thermal storage. The Swedish application is a night ventilation system where cold night air is used to solidify the PCM. The PCM is melted in the day with warm indoor air and thereby the indoor air is cooled. The system is intended for light weight buildings with an overproduction of heat during daytime. In the thesis, the results of experiments and numerical simulations of the application are presented. The theoretical background in order design the heat exchanger and applying the installation in thermal simulation software is presented. An extensive program is set up, in order to develop test methods and carry tests to evaluate the performance over time of the PCM. Testing procedures are set up according to ISO standards concerning service life testing. The tests are focused on the change over time of the Thermal Storage Capacity (TSC) in different temperature spans. Measurements are carried out on large samples with a water bath calorimeter. The service life estimation of a material is based on the performance of one or more critical properties over time. When the performances of these properties are below the performance requirements, the material has reached its service life. The critical properties of the PCM are evaluated by simulation of the application. The performance requirements of the material are set up according to general requirements of PCM and requirements according to building legislation. The critical properties of a PCM are the transition temperature, the melting temperature range and the TSC in the operative temperature interval. The critical property of the application is its energy efficiency.

The results of the study show that the night cooling system will lower the indoor air temperature during daytime. It also shows that the tested PCM does not have a clear phase change, but an increased specific heat in the operative temperature interval. Increasing the amount of material, used in the application, can compensate this. Finally, the tested PCM is thermally stable and the service life of the product is within the range of the design lives of the building services. It is essential to for all designers to know the performance over time of the properties of PCMs. Therefore it is desirable that standardized testing methods of PCM are established and standardized classification systems of PCMs are developed.

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Navarro, Farré Lidia. „Thermal energy storage in buildings through phase change materials (PCM) incorporation for heating and cooling purposes“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398840.

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La reducció del consum energètic dels sistemes de calefacció i refrigeració dels edificis és un repte fonamental per assolir els objectius marcats per l’Horitzó 2020. Noves aplicacions d'emmagatzematge d'energia tèrmica en edificis es mostren prometedores per reduir aquest elevat consum energètic. Un dels objectius d'aquesta tesi doctoral és revisar les aplicacions passives i actives d'emmagatzematge d'energia que es troben en la literatura, especialment aquelles que utilitzen materials de canvi de fase (PCM). En aplicacions passives els requeriments de confort i les condicions climàtiques són els principals paràmetres que s’han tingut en compte fins ara. Per això s'estudia la influència de càrregues internes en el aplicacions passives de PCM. D'altra banda, es presenta un sistema innovador que actua com una unitat d'emmagatzematge tèrmic i alhora com un sistema de calefacció i refrigeració. El rendiment tèrmic d'aquest sistema es testeja sota condicions reals i s'avalua el seu potencial de reducció del consum d'energia.
La reducción del consumo energético de calefacción y refrigeración de los edificios es un reto para lograr los objetivos marcados por el Horizonte 2020. Nuevas aplicaciones de almacenamiento de energía térmica en edificios se muestran prometedoras para reducir este elevado consumo energético. Uno de los objetivos de esta tesis doctoral es revisar aplicaciones pasivas y activas de almacenamiento de energía que se encuentran en la literatura, especialmente aquellas con materiales de cambio de fase (PCM). En aplicaciones pasivas los requerimientos de confort y las condiciones climáticas son los principales parámetros que se han tenido en cuenta hasta ahora. Se estudia la influencia de cargas internas en aplicaciones pasivas de PCM. También, se presenta un sistema innovador que actúa como una unidad de almacenamiento térmico y como calefacción y refrigeración. El rendimiento térmico de este sistema se testea bajo condiciones reales y evalúa su potencial de reducción del consumo energético.
Reducing the energy consumption of heating and cooling systems of buildings is a key challenge to achieve the targets set for the Horizon 2020. New applications of thermal energy storage in buildings are promising to reduce the high energy consumption. One of the objectives of this PhD is to review passive and active applications of thermal energy storage in buildings found in the literature, especially those that use phase change materials (PCM). In passive applications comfort requirements and climatic conditions are the main parameters that have been considered so far. For this study, the influence of internal loads has been taken into account in passive PCM applications. Moreover, an innovative system which acts as a storage unit and a heating and cooling supply is presented. The thermal performance of this system is studied and the potential in reducing the energy consumption of heating and cooling is evaluated.
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Li, Y. „Thermal performance analysis of a PCM combined solar chimney system for natural ventilation and heating/cooling“. Thesis, Coventry University, 2013. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/0bca9412-8b49-4d3c-84e5-453e315d4c6b/1.

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Solar chimney is an important passive design strategy to maximize solar gain to enhance buoyancy effect for achieving adequate air flow rate and a desired level of thermal comfort inside a building. Therefore, solar chimney has the potential advantages over mechanical ventilation systems in terms of energy requirement, economic and environmental benefits. The main aim of this project is to study the technical feasibility of a solar chimney incorporating latent heat storage (LHS) system for domestic heating and cooling applications. The research work carried out and reported in this thesis includes: the development of a detailed theoretical model to calculate the phase change material (PCM) mass for solar chimney under specific climatic condition, the development of a CFD model to optimise the channel depth and the inlet and outlet sizes for the solar chimney geometry, experimental and numerical investigations of the thermal performance of the proposed system using a prototype set-up, a parametric study on the proposed system to identify significant parameters that affect the system performance was carried out by using the verified numerical model. The numerical and experimental study showed that the numerical model has the ability to calculate the PCM mass for the proposed system for the given weather conditions. The optimum PCM should be selected on the basis of its melting temperature, rather than its other properties such as latent heat. The experimental work on the thermal performance of the proposed system has been carried out. The results indicated that the LHS based solar chimney is technically viable. The outlet air temperature and the air flow rate varied within a small range during phase change transition period which are important for a solar air heating system. A numerical model was developed to reproduce the experimental conditions in terms of closed mode and open mode. The model results were in a close agreement with the experimental results particularly the simulated results for the discharging process. With the verified model, a comprehensive parametric analysis intended to optimise the thermal performance of proposed the system was performed. The results analysed are quantified in terms of charging/discharging time of the PCM, temperature difference between outlet air and inlet air of the solar chimney, and mass flow rate of the chimney, which are the most important quantities of the proposed system.
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Kumirai, Tichaona. „Development of a design tool for PCM based free comfort cooling system in office buildings in South Africa“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/67754.

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Space cooling energy demand is projected to increase due to climate changes. For example, the South African climate change model projected warming to reach around 3 to 4°C along the coast, and 6 to 7°C in the interior. Such temperature increases will significantly increase the energy demand by building cooling applications. Thus, there is an urgent need to improve the energy efficiency in buildings and to reduce the peak cooling loads. Various studies for building free cooling using phase change materials have shown to reduce or avoid the need for mechanical space cooling. Very few of these studies covered Southern African climatic conditions and no research was found reporting a comparison of free cooling thermal performance of different PCM types for an individual climate scenario. The purpose of this study was to experimentally evaluate and compare the cooling performance of three PCM materials in plate-air heat exchanger modules subjected to Southern African climatic conditions and to use the data to deduce empirical correlations that can be used by thermal designers to determine the number of modules required to maintain an objective cooling load within the range of operating conditions. In this experimental investigation the cooling (discharging) performance of plate encapsulated Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for passive cooling applications were evaluated as measured by its average effectiveness, cooling power, energy absorption and phase transformation duration. A test facility that mimics a PCM-air heat exchanger module installed in a ventilation duct was used to consider the impact of varying air flow rate and inlet air temperature. PCM plate encapsulations with a thickness of 10 mm orientated vertically and spaced at a pitch of 15 mm were investigated. The thermal storage characteristics of three commercial PCMs were considered. Two paraffin type PCMs with melting temperature ranges of 25 °C to 28 °C and 22 °C to 26 °C and one type salt hydrate with a phase change temperature range 24 °C to 25 °C were used in air flows ranging in temperature from 30 °C to 35 °C and duct air velocities ranging from 0.4 m/s to 0.9 m/s. The results indicated that average effectiveness of the PCM modules decreased with increasing convective air mass flow rate. Increasing air mass flow rate (at constant inlet air temperature) or increasing the inlet air temperature (at constant air mass flow rate) increased the average cooling power. The phase transformation durations of the PCMs decreased as both the air flow rate and inlet air temperature increased. The salt hydrate (SP24E) module had the highest energy absorption capacity for all experimental conditions. The rate of energy absorption increased with inlet air temperature. From a design standpoint the desirable thermal performance of PCM is to have a high instantaneous heat absorption capacity and also extended over a longer period. Paraffinic PCMs met the first condition of high instantaneous heat absorption but did not meet the second condition of extended heat absorption duration. SP24E met the condition for extended heat absorption duration but had a lower instantaneous heat absorption capacity than the paraffin. Empirically-based correlations for determining the number of modules to maintain an objective cooling load were developed using a multiple regression analysis technique. From this, air conditioning system designers can determine the number of modules (installed in parallel) required to maintain an objective cooling load within the range of operating conditions tested.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
MSc
Unrestricted
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Vitali, Margherita. „Phase change materials for building insulation: application to an active cooling ceiling at the Energy Efficiency Center“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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The present thesis project has been developed at the Department of Energy and Building Services Engineering of the Munich University of Applied Sciences. The thesis intends to present an overview of the use of phase change materials (PCM) for building insulation applications. In light of the high energy consumption in the building sector, the latent heat storage capacity of PCMs could be effectively used to provide passive thermal regulation of the indoor temperature as well as reduce energy consumption due to thermal regulation in buildings, which is often caused by high energy consuming solutions, such as air conditioning systems. The first chapter is an introduction on conventional approaches and traditional materials used for building insulation, with an overview of the environmental impact of thermal regulation of buildings. The second chapter is a detailed analysis of the state of the art of phase change materials; this chapter also describes the thermodynamic process of latent heat storage in PCMs, along with the operating principles of the materials, the most effective installation procedures available, the advantages of PCMs compared to other conventional solutions, as well as several examples of PCM applications from the literature. The third chapter describes the Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) as a tool to calculate the optimum thickness of conventional insulation materials and the limits of this approach when applied to PCM insulation sizing. The fourth chapter shows the different options available on the market for PCM insulation, with a detailed description of a real application of PCM integrated into a cooling ceiling system at the Energy Efficiency Center in Wurzburg (Germany). The fifth chapter presents the financial approaches to promote refurbishment and energy-improvement in buildings. The sixth and final chapter presents the conclusions of the research and future potential studies on the topic of PCMs.
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Jaber, Samar [Verfasser], Salman [Akademischer Betreuer] Ajib, Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Kurtz und W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Streicher. „Low Energy Building with Novel Cooling Unit Using PCM / Samar Jaber. Gutachter: Peter Kurtz ; W. Streicher. Betreuer: Salman Ajib“. Ilmenau : Universitätsbibliothek Ilmenau, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1020831014/34.

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Mårtensson, Benny, und Tobias Karlsson. „Cooling integrated solar panels using Phase Changing Materials“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16780.

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In this master thesis, several cooling systems for PV-systems have been looked into by doing a smaller literature review and then a cooling module for a BIPV-panel was built out from the knowledge gathered. The cooling module used a PCM material separated into 12 bags and then placed in a 3x4 shaped pattern fastened to an aluminium plate that in turn was placed on the back of a PV-panel. This was tested in first a pilot test and then tested outdoors on panels with insulation on its back to simulate BIPV-panels. Temperature data from behind the panel was gathered with and without the cooling module and then compared with each other with added ambient temperature. It was found that the PCM cooled down the panels during similar weather conditions where the outside temperature and the amount of clouds where approximately the same, and it was also found that PCM technologies needs to be more optimised in terms of its material use, the amount of material, and its arrangement for it to be used in PV-panels. An economical calculation was made and it was found that it wasn't economically viable as it takes 14 years for the PV-panel with cooling to pay for itself while it takes 13 years for the PV-panel with cooling to pay for itself. These results are then discussed in comparison to other systems and earlier work done.
I denna exjobbsrapport så har ett antal olika kylningssystem till PV-paneler setts igenom genom en mindre litteraturstudie. Därefter byggdes en kylningsmodul för en BIPV utifrån den kunskapen som samlats in. Kylningsmodulen använde sig utav ett PCM material som var uppdelat mellan 12 påsar som placerades i ett 3x4 mönster som fästs på baksidan av en aluminiumplåt som i sin tur placerades på baksidan utav PV-panelen. Denna testades först i ett pilottest och sedan utomhus på paneler som isoleras baktill för att simulera BIPV-paneler. Temperaturdata samlades in från panelens baksida, med och utan kylnings modul, som sedan jämfördes med varandra samt omgivningens temperatur. Slutsatsen är att PCM kyler panelen under liknande väderförhållanden där ute temperaturen och molnigheten var ungefär densamma, men att PCM behöver optimeras mer i form av användningen av materialet, mängden av material, och hur det sätts upp som kylning på PV-paneler. En ekonomisk kalkyl genomfördes som visar att det inte är ekonomiskt gångbart eftersom det tar 14 för PV-panelen med kylning att betala av sig själv medan det tar 13 år för PV-panelen utan kylning att göra det. Dessa resultat diskuteras sedan i jämförelse med andra system och tidigare arbeten som gjorts inom området.
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Bücher zum Thema "PCM cooling"

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P, Satheeshkumar. PCM based Free Cooling for an Passive Architecture. Karur, India: ASDF International, 2017.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., Hrsg. Application of Russian thermo-electric devices (TEDS) for the U.S. microgravity program protein crystal growth (PCG) project: Final report, for contract NAS8-38609 ... [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., Hrsg. Application of Russian thermo-electric devices (TEDS) for the U.S. microgravity program protein crystal growth (PCG) project: Final report, for contract NAS8-38609 ... [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Buchteile zum Thema "PCM cooling"

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Duraković, Benjamin. „Passive Solar Heating/Cooling Strategies“. In PCM-Based Building Envelope Systems, 39–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38335-0_3.

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Qiu, Zhongzhu, Peng Li, Zhangyuan Wang, Han Zhao und Xudong Zhao. „PCM and PCM Slurries and Their Application in Solar Systems“. In Advanced Energy Efficiency Technologies for Solar Heating, Cooling and Power Generation, 101–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17283-1_4.

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Kolokotroni, Maria, und Thiago Santos. „Ventilative Cooling in Combination with Passive Cooling: Thermal Masses and Phase-Change Materials (PCM)“. In Innovations in Ventilative Cooling, 141–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72385-9_7.

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Sahu, Pragati Priyadarshini, Abhilas Swain und Radha Kanta Sarangi. „Role of PCM in Solar Photovoltaic Cooling: An Overview“. In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 245–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7831-1_23.

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Dixit, Krishna Kant, und Indresh Yadav. „Efficiency Improvement of PV Panel Using PCM Cooling Technique“. In Studies in Infrastructure and Control, 159–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4663-8_15.

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Saxena, Rajat, Dibakar Rakshit und S. C. Kaushik. „Review on PCM Application for Cooling Load Reduction in Indian Buildings“. In Solar Energy, 247–75. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0675-8_13.

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Bria, Abir, Benyounes Raillani, Mourad Salhi, Dounia Chaatouf, Samir Amraqui und Ahmed Mezrhab. „Numerical Investigation of Phase Change Material (PCM) Cooling in Photovoltaic Technology“. In Digital Technologies and Applications, 609–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02447-4_63.

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Arshad, Adeel, Pouyan Talebizadehsardari, Muhammad Anser Bashir, Muhammad Ikhlaq, Mark Jabbal, Kuo Huang und Yuying Yan. „Transient Simulation of Finned Heat Sinks Embedded with PCM for Electronics Cooling“. In Advances in Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering, 527–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4765-6_91.

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Gharbi, Salma, Souad Harmand und Sadok Ben Jabrallah. „Parametric Study on Thermal Performance of PCM Heat Sink Used for Electronic Cooling“. In Exergy for A Better Environment and Improved Sustainability 1, 243–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62572-0_17.

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Barzin, Reza, John J. J. Chen, Brent R. Young und Mohammed Farid. „Application of PCM Energy Storage in Combination with Night Ventilation for Space Cooling“. In Thermal Energy Storage with Phase Change Materials, 259–76. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367567699-18.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "PCM cooling"

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Emam, Mohamed, Mahmoud Ahmed und Shinichi Ookawara. „Cooling of Concentrated Photovoltaic System Using Various Configurations of Phase-Change Material Heat Sink“. In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67111.

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In the current work, a hybrid system including Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) and phase change material (PCM) as a heat sink is considered as a single module to achieve high solar conversion efficiency. The main objective is to accelerate the thermal dissipation with a longer thermal regulation period. Thus, a new CPV-PCM system using various configurations of the PCM heat sink and different combinations of PCMs is investigated. This study presents a numerical simulation of the effects of PCM materials and designs on the CPV-PCM system performance. To estimate the thermal performance of the new CPV-PCM system, a comprehensive 2-D model for CPV layers integrated with PCMs is developed. This model couples a thermal model for CPV layers and a thermo-fluid model that considers the phase-change phenomenon using the enthalpy method. The model is numerically simulated at different configurations and combinations of PCM with various ranges of phase transition temperatures. Three different configurations of PCMs are investigated: one with a single cavity, and two with parallel arrangements including three and five cavities. Results indicate that the use of PCM heat sinks with three and five cavities increases the heat transfer inside the PCM and achieves a significant reduction of the solar cell temperature compared with a single cavity CPV-PCM system. Furthermore, thermal regulation effect and temperature uniformity of the CPV-PCM system is enhanced by using various combinations of PCMs.
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Colla, Laura, Laura Fedele, Simone Mancin, Sergio Bobbo, Davide Ercole und Oronzio Manca. „Nano-PCMs for Electronics Cooling Applications“. In ASME 2016 5th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2016-6613.

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The present work aims at investigating a new challenging use of Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles to enhance the thermal properties (thermal conductivity, specific heat, and latent heat) of pure paraffin waxes to obtain a new class of Phase Change Materials (PCMs), the so-called nano-PCMs. The nano-PCMs were obtained by seeding 0.5 and 1.0 wt% of Al2O3 nanoparticles in two paraffin waxes having melting temperatures of 45 and 55 °C, respectively. The thermophysical properties such as specific heat, latent heat, and thermal conductivity were then measured to understand the effects of the nanoparticles on the thermal properties of both the solid and liquid PCMs. Furthermore, a numerical comparison between the use of the pure paraffin waxes and the nano-PCMs obtained in a typical electronics passive cooling device was developed and implemented. A numerical model is accomplished to simulate the heat transfer inside the cavity either with PCM or nano-PCM. Numerical simulations were carried out using the ANSYS-Fluent 15.0 code. Results in terms of solid and liquid phase temperatures and melting time were reported and discussed.
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Sheikh, Yahya, Mohamed Gadalla, Muhammed Umair, Elmehaisi Mehaisi und Ahmed Azmeer. „Effect of Adding Graphene Nano-Platelets With Surfactants on Bio-Based PCM Characteristics and its Cooling Performance“. In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24373.

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Abstract Phase change materials (PCM) are materials that absorb/release large amounts of thermal energy at constant temperatures during phase change. Consequently, PCMs could be effective when electronic cooling systems such as heat sinks and heat pipes are considered. In the selection of PCMs for cooling systems, bio-based PCMs are more effective when compared to inorganic PCM. However, bio-based PCMs have poor thermal conductivity and therefore suffer from poor heat transfer characteristics. The diffusion of certain additives within the PCM has proven successful in the enhancement of heat transfer during the cooling process. Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) presents itself as one such additive. Using PureTemp PCM as a heat sink for an electric heater, this paper experimentally investigates the cooling performance of the heat sink when GnPs and various surfactants such as, SDS, SDBS and SSL, are added to the bio-based PCM. Finally, results indicate that the addition of GnPs increased the time taken for the heater to reach a reference temperature of 43 °C by nearly 12% when compared to PurePCM heat sink, indicating an improved cooling performance of the PCM heat sink when GnP’s were added. Furthermore, the experiment indicated that SSL surfactant showed a 9% increase in time taken to reach the reference temperature when compared to other surfactants. SDS surfactant indicated the highest increase in thermal conductivity when compared to other surfactants as it reported the highest increase of 147% when compared with the thermal conductivity of PurePCM.
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Omojaro, Peter, Cornelia Breitkopf und Simon Omojaro. „Passive Cooling With Phase Change Material Energy Storage“. In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18204.

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A passive induced cooling system using phase change material (PCM) energy storage is presented in this analysis for providing indoor cooling and energy saving. Also, the latent heat performance of the PCM is analyzed. The supplied cooling capacity was evaluated using an indoor cooling temperature performance while the PCM characteristic performance was achieved by relating the applications sensible heat ratio efficiency to the charging and discharging effectiveness of the PCM. This is carried out for an office building in a warm humid climate. Obtained result delivered 24.54 % of the required indoor cooling load for 24°C indoor cooling temperature. Moreover, delivered indoor cooling capacity increased at constant increasing mean indoor temperature and PCM melting temperatures. Application sensible heat ratio efficiency was 77.66 % and average energy saving of 37.77 % in total energy operation cost was obtained. A CO2 emission reduction of 0.071 tons can also be achieved by the system.
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Han, Linsen, Guangbo Gao, li cui, yizhuo zhang und Hongwei Geng. „PCM cooling system of high-power lasers“. In High-Power, High-Energy, and High-Intensity Laser Technology, herausgegeben von Thomas J. Butcher und Joachim Hein. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2525114.

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Hatakeyama, Tomoyuki, Masaru Ishizuka, Shinji Nakagawa und Sadakazu Takakuwa. „Estimation of Cooling Performance of PCM Module by Using CFD Analysis With Enthalpy Porosity Method“. In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44274.

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This paper describes transient cooling technology for electronic equipment using Phase Change Material (PCM). In previous our report, we can estimate the cooling performance of PCM by using thermal network method, which can not calculate melted PCM flow. In this paper, we further consider the heat transfer phenomena of PCM more deeply by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis with Enthalpy Porosity Method. By using this method, we can calculate phase change phenomena and flowing phenomena of melted PCM with CFD analysis. The calculation results showed that, high temperature and low temperature location exist on the substrate in the case that PCM module is set vertically. If several devices are cooled with PCM module, most power consuming device must be set in lower part of PCM module. Further, we discussed the reason why the thermal network method can predict PCM module performance though natural convective flow can not be expressed in the thermal network method.
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Felczak, M., und B. Więcek. „Experimental analysis of PCM enhanced electronic devices cooling“. In 2020 Quantitative InfraRed Thermography. QIRT Council, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21611/qirt.2020.143.

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Novikov, A., D. Lexow und M. Nowottnick. „Cooling of electronic assemblies through PCM containing coatings“. In 2014 Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/estc.2014.6962787.

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Medrano, Marc, Selma Yilmaz, Falguni K. Sheth, Ingrid Martorell, Halime O. Paksoy und Luisa F. Cabeza. „Salt Water Solutions as PCM for Cooling Applications“. In EuroSun 2010. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun.2010.16.20.

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Colvin, David P., Virginia S. Colvin, Yvonne G. Bryant, Linda G. Hayes und Michael A. Spieker. „Development of a Cooling Garment With Encapsulated PCM“. In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2237.

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Abstract Under SBIR (Small Business Innovation Research) programs from the U.S. Marine Corps, investigators at Triangle Research and Development Corporation (TRDC) have conducted research toward the development of a unique passive cooling garment to provide significant microclimate cooling to Marines dressed in NBC (Nuclear/Biological/Chemical) protective clothing. The patented PECS (Protective Environmental Control System) garment utilizes 3–4 mm diameter macroencapsulated phase change material (macroPCM) particles distributed throughout a lightweight and highly breathable vest garment to provide 1–3 hours of cooling in high heat stress environments. With polymer walls encapsulating the paraffin PCM, the macroPCMs provide a wearable, packed bed heat exchanger that is flexible, highly breathable, and undergoes its solid/liquid phase change from 25–28°C, where its high latent heat storage can reach 60 calories/gram. This cooling range is at elevated and more comfortable temperatures than gel media used in other passive microclimate garments, which store their cold near 0°C and can cause shivering and discomfort. Although other microclimate garments require refrigeration or freezers to thermally recharge the cooling media, the passive 5-lb PECS cooling garment can be thermally recharged in the field at room temperatures (15–20°C) without refrigeration. Although earlier publications described the principles for such a cooling garment, this publication is the first to describe the garment’s construction, development and testing. Extensive laboratory testing has included Marine volunteers on a treadmill in a heated environmental chamber while dressed in Level IV MOPP and Level A protective clothing and a gas mask. PECS has also been used by costumed characters at Walt Disney World to provide extended cooling within an extended heat stress environment. Besides military uses, passive macroPCM garments should find other applications; including: protective clothing for firefighters, industrial workers, costumed characters and persons with heat stress disabilities.
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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "PCM cooling"

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Gschwander, Stefan, Thomas Haussmann, Georg Hagelstein, Aran Sole, Gonzalo Diarce, Wolfgang Hohenauer, Daniel Lager et al. Standard to determine the heat storage capacity of PCM using hf-DSC with constant heating/cooling rate (dynamic mode). IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme, Januar 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task42-2015-0001.

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Stroman, Richard O., Michael W. Schuette und Gregory S. Page. Cooling System Design for PEM Fuel Cell Powered Air Vehicles. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juni 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada525161.

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Booth, Janice C., Tracy Hudson, Brian A. English, Michael R. Whitley und Michael S. Kranz. Integrated Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Active Cooling With Piezoelectric Actuator. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada567661.

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Nallar, Melisa, und Amelia Gelina. Enhancing building thermal comfort : a review of phase change materials in concrete. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47679.

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The DoD accounts for over 1% of the country’s total electricity consumption. However, DoD bases heavily rely on vulnerable commercial power grids, susceptible to disruptions from outdated infrastructure, weather-related incidents, and direct attacks. To enhance energy efficiency and resilience, it is imperative to address energy demand in buildings, especially heating and cooling. This study focuses on phase change materials (PCMs) incorporated into concrete to enhance thermal control and reduce energy consumption. Though PCMs have shown promise in heat transfer and energy storage applications, their integration into concrete faces challenges. Concerns include potential reduction in compressive strength, impacts on workability and setting time, effects on density and porosity, durability, and higher cost than traditional concrete. This report examines current obstacles hindering the use of PCMs in concrete and proposes opportunities for extensive research and application. By selecting appropriate PCMs and additives, comparable strength to control samples can be achieved. Moreover, specific techniques for incorporating PCMs into concrete demonstrate greater effectiveness. Embracing PCMs in concrete can significantly contribute to energy-efficient and resilient DoD installations.
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Allen, Jeffrey, Robert Moser, Zackery McClelland, Md Mohaiminul Islam und Ling Liu. Phase-field modeling of nonequilibrium solidification processes in additive manufacturing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), Dezember 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42605.

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This project models dendrite growth during nonequilibrium solidification of binary alloys using the phase-field method (PFM). Understanding the dendrite formation processes is important because the microstructural features directly influence mechanical properties of the produced parts. An improved understanding of dendrite formation may inform design protocols to achieve optimized process parameters for controlled microstructures and enhanced properties of materials. To this end, this work implements a phase-field model to simulate directional solidification of binary alloys. For applications involving strong nonequilibrium effects, a modified antitrapping current model is incorporated to help eject solute into the liquid phase based on experimentally calibrated, velocity-dependent partitioning coefficient. Investigated allow systems include SCN, Si-As, and Ni-Nb. The SCN alloy is chosen to verify the computational method, and the other two are selected for a parametric study due to their different diffusion properties. The modified antitrapping current model is compared with the classical model in terms of predicted dendrite profiles, tip undercooling, and tip velocity. Solidification parameters—the cooling rate and the strength of anisotropy—are studied to reveal their influences on dendrite growth. Computational results demonstrate effectiveness of the PFM and the modified antitrapping current model in simulating rapid solidification with strong nonequilibrium at the interface.
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