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Tracey, Anne. „Perpetual loss and pervasive grief“. Bereavement Care 30, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2011): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02682621.2011.617966.
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Wijaya, Tony. „Penerapan Perpetual Inventory System dalam Perhitungan Laba Rugi Kotor Perusahaan Dagang“. Creative Information Technology Journal 5, Nr. 4 (19.03.2020): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.24076/citec.2018v5i4.223.
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Laporan laba rugi merupakan laporan krusial bagi setiap perusahaan yang berorientasi laba. Laporan ini dihasilkan tiap akhir periode akuntansi dengan menjabarkan penjualan atau pendapatan dikurangi dengan biaya atau beban yang ada. Namun pada prakteknya, ada kalanya pimpinan memerlukan laporan ini di tengah periode akuntansi dengan mengabaikan beban atau biaya pada periode tersebut. Laporan laba rugi yang belum dikurangi segala biaya dan beban disebut laba rugi kotor. Walaupun belum sepenuhnya akurat, namun laporan ini sangat berguna untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pencapaian (milestone) laba perusahaan dibandingkan dengan target yang hendak dicapai. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis mengimplementasikan metode pencatatan Perpetual Inventory System sehingga dapat menghasilkan laporan laba rugi kotor secara instan kapan saja diperlukan, tanpa menunggu akhir periode akuntansi. Perancangan program pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Agile dengan pendekatan Extreme Programming. Pengujian dilakukan dengan metode black box untuk memastikan fitur yang dibutuhkan sudah sesuai. Dalam hal ini penulis membandingkan hasil perhitungan laporan dengan perhitungan manual yang terbukti benar dan akurat. Dengan adanya laporan laba rugi kotor yang dapat diakses setiap saat, perusahaan dapat lebih fokus pada pencapaian target laba perusahaan.Kata Kunci —Laba rugi kotor, Sistem Informasi Dagang, Perpetual Inventory System.Profit and loss report is crucial report for every profit-oriented companies. This report is generated at the end of every accounting period by calculating the difference between sales or income with costs or liabilities. But in reality, sometimes CEOs may need this report in the middle of accounting period where it excludes costs or liabilities for the period. Profit and loss report which exclude costs or liabilities is called gross profit and loss report. Although it is not fully accurate, this report can be useful to determine how far profit milestones has been reached by the company compare to the desired target. In this research, the writer implements Perpertual Inventory System method to generate gross profit and loss report instantly whenever needed, without the need to wait until the end of accounting period. Software is designed using Agile Development Method with Extreme Programming approach. Blackbox testing is used to ensure all required features are working. In this case, the writer compares results between generated report and manually calculated which proven correct and accurate. With gross profit and loss report which can be accessed anytime, company can focus to achieve company’s profit target.Keywords— Gross Profit and Loss, Trade Information System, Perpetual Inventory System
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Brzozowski, Adam. „Z PROBLEMATYKI PRZEKSZTAŁCENIA PRAWA UŻYTKOWANIA WIECZYSTEGO W PRAWO WŁASNOŚCI“. Zeszyty Prawnicze 3, Nr. 2 (10.05.2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2003.3.2.04.
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From the Problems of a Transformation from Perpetual Usufruct to Property RightSummaryAn analysis of a normative state and a practice of a conduct of legal transactions with reference to legal regulations of perpetual usufruct and also of a transformation of this right into property right permits a statement that in Polish Law there came into being a system of norms completely unintelligible, excessively complicated, internally contradictory, bureaucratic and too costly for the national budget, local governments and perpetual usufructuaries. The primary cause of the status quo was the lack of a clearly defined objective at which the legislator was aiming. Expediency was implemented at the expense of system principles. It led to interventions of the Constitutional Tribunal. The legislator hedged, made successive provisions not only internally contradictory but also arousing new doubts as to their compliance with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland.It seems that the only rational solution of the status quo is to forego the right of perpetual usufruct by enfranchising perpetual usufructuaries. However, it has to be a regulation based on foundations completely different than these hitherto existing.The transformation should cover all perpetual usufructuaries, regardless of the mode and the time of their acquisition of this right, and should ensue ex lege. This would result in a significant simplification of a construction of the transformation. Given a tremendous interest of perpetual usufructuaries in the transformation, it would significantly reduce the amount of office labour and attendant costs incurred by them. At the same time affranchisement would become universal. Further simplification and lowering costs of transformation would require that entries in mortgage registers should be evidenced ex officio at the time of the first transaction relating to a given mortgage register. Since affranchisement in a discussed mode would cover all perpetual usufructuaries ex lege, it would be obvious that persons evidenced in a register as perpetual usufructuaries are property owners until a new entry is made.There should be no exception from the basic principle of universality of affranchisement of perpetual usufructuaries. It has to be assumed that land charged with perpetual usufruct has not been indispensable for the hitherto existing owner (the State Treasury, local government units) in order to perform their basic tasks. In special cases these units may employ an expropriation.The most difficult problem of the hitherto existing regulations faced has been the question of compensation due to hitherto owners from the fact of a loss of ownership as a result of a transformation. I propose to regulate these settlements in such a way that an enfranchised perpetual usufructuary should be charged with such performances as he was charged with hitherto as a perpetual usufructuary. In other words: he would be charged with an obligation to pay annuity during a period for which he has been granted, the right to perpetual usufruct, transformed into property right. In exchange for a performance, which in any case he would have to provide as per agreement, the former perpetual usufructuary would obtain a better right - property right. According to the proposition under discussion, the regulation would have a system character, in a long-term it would allow to effect such a reform of public finances that hitherto existing owners could perform their assigned tasks financing them from performances of a tribute type, and not from perpetual usufruct. One would have to consider the advisability of maintaining in force the principles of determining an amount of an annuity. It seems that instead of the current system (expensive and inefficient) there should be introduced a principle of a yearly raising of annuity according to a rate of inflation.It’s common knowledge that appreciable part of immovables of the State Treasury and municipal immovables originate from different kinds of „expropriations” carried out in the period of PRL [People’s Republic of Poland]. To secure claims of former owners I propose to create a special fund, meant for indemnities satisfying these claims, from obligatory written off amounts gained from receipts from former perpetual usufructuaries.
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Tang, Jiahua, Du Zhang, Xibin Sun und Haiou Qin. „Improving Temporal Event Scheduling through STEP Perpetual Learning“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 23 (03.12.2022): 16178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316178.
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Currently, most machine learning applications follow a one-off learning process: given a static dataset and a learning algorithm, generate a model for a task. These applications can neither adapt to a dynamic and changing environment, nor accomplish incremental task performance improvement continuously. STEP perpetual learning, by continuous knowledge refinement through sequential learning episodes, emphasizes the accomplishment of incremental task performance improvement. In this paper, we describe how a personalized temporal event scheduling system SmartCalendar, can benefit from STEP perpetual learning. We adopt the interval temporal logic to represent events’ temporal relationships and determine if events are temporally inconsistent. To provide strategies that approach user preferences for handling temporal inconsistencies, we propose SmartCalendar to recognize, resolve and learn from temporal inconsistencies based on STEP perpetual learning. SmartCalendar has several cornerstones: similarity measures for temporal inconsistency; a sparse decomposition method to utilize historical data; and a loss function based on cross-entropy to optimize performance. The experimental results on the collected dataset show that SmartCalendar incrementally improves its scheduling performance and substantially outperforms comparison methods.
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Dolven, Jeff. „Panic’s Castle“. Representations 120, Nr. 1 (2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2012.120.1.1.
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“Panic’s Castle” considers panic—self-loss under the threat of self-contradiction—as a perpetual interruption of the action of Spenser’s Faerie Queene and simultaneously as the cause of its organization from the level of the line up to the architecture of the six books. The essay proposes a reading of overcommitment and overcorrection as the fundamental Spenserian dynamic.
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Krishnan, Jaya, und Nicolas Rohner. „Cavefish and the basis for eye loss“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, Nr. 1713 (05.02.2017): 20150487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0487.
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Animals have colonized the entire world from rather moderate to the harshest environments, some of these so extreme that only few animals are able to survive. Cave environments present such a challenge and obligate cave animals have adapted to perpetual darkness by evolving a multitude of traits. The most common and most studied cave characteristics are the regression of eyes and the overall reduction in pigmentation. Studying these traits can provide important insights into how evolutionary forces drive convergent and regressive adaptation. The blind Mexican cavefish ( Astyanax mexicanus ) has emerged as a useful model to study cave evolution owing to the availability of genetic and genomic resources, and the amenability of embryonic development as the different populations remain fertile with each other. In this review, we give an overview of our current knowledge underlying the process of regressive and convergent evolution using eye degeneration in cavefish as an example. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evo-devo in the genomics era, and the origins of morphological diversity’.
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Demszky, Alma, und Armin Nassehi. „Perpetual loss and gain: Translation, estrangement and cyclical recurrence of experience based knowledges in public action“. Policy and Society 31, Nr. 2 (Juni 2012): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2012.04.006.
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Alhuzail, Nuzha Allassad, und Miriam Levinger. „Perpetual Silence, Not Silence for Moments: Hearing Loss of Children as Perceived by Hearing Bedouin Mothers“. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal 35, Nr. 4 (03.02.2018): 377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10560-018-0533-9.
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Chatterjee, Tirna. „Impossible Emotions: The Ethics of Mourning and Melancholia“. Zoon Politikon 12 (2021): 74–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543408xzop.21.004.14427.
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This paper looks at mourning and melancholia, and their ethical implications through the work of Sigmund Freud and mostly Jacques Derrida. The attempt here is to read through Derrida’s auto thanatological oeuvre through questions of fidelity, interminability, impossibility and ethics. In our perpetual struggle as scholars dealing with questions of meaning, existence, loss, life and death this paper tries to navigate the discursive traditions of looking at mourning and melancholia and what their radical potential is or can be where the mourning; melancholic; haunted; living subjects bear an impossible task unto the dead.
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Ahmad, Farhan. „Gender Roles and Perceptions: The Refugee Experience and Political Agency in Susan Abulhawa’s The Blue Between Sky and Water and Against the Loveless World“. IAFOR Journal of Arts & Humanities 9, Nr. 1 (29.07.2022): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ijah.9.1.04.
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The present study analyses the gendered impact of the ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine. If conflict has a certain bearing on men, so on women. It offers an insight into the experiences of women during the conflict and beyond, the loss of dignity and independence and how they grapple with all these issues. The study explores the ways Palestinian women are shaped by perpetual patriarchy and political power struggles. It tries to capture their struggle with identity and exile and how they anchor the Palestinian narrative by highlighting the changing roles of women and their engagement in community activism.
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KUSTERMANS, JORG, und ERIK RINGMAR. „Modernity, boredom, and war: a suggestive essay“. Review of International Studies 37, Nr. 4 (01.09.2010): 1775–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210510001038.
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AbstractThe quest for perpetual peace is a modern phenomenon, associated with a progressive view of history which emerged only in the Enlightenment. In addition, boredom – a feeling of ennui associated with a loss of the ability to act – is a fundamental mood of the modern age. Modern societies are thus, simultaneously, becoming more peaceful and their inhabitants are becoming more bored. As a means of overcoming our boredom, we are increasingly fascinated by violence, and war is glorified as a means of restoring our ability to act. Empirical illustrations of this thesis are drawn from World War I and from the Bush administration's ‘global War on Terror’.
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Diamantakos, Diamando. „Private Property Deforestation and Regeneration and the Clerk of Forestry in Nineteenth-Century Ontario“. Scientia Canadensis 21 (29.06.2009): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/800402ar.
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ABSTRACT By the latter part of the nineteenth century there was considerable concern in Ontario regarding the loss of forests, as a result of land clearing for agriculture and the harvesting of timber. In response, the provincial government established a department known as the Clerk of Forestry, charged with ensuring a perpetual supply of timber resources and revenues. This department instituted a variety of educational and reforestation initiatives, such as Arbor Day, and the Ontario Tree Planting Act (1883). These initiatives were justified in terms of the supposed effects of forest clearing on the local climate and agricultural productivity. However, their effectiveness was limited by the continuing priority attached to private property rights, doubts concerning the relation between forest loss, climate, and productivity, and a long-standing antagonism towards nature and forests. These issues are examined both in Ontario as a whole, and through a case study of Essex County.
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Taha Jasim, Marwa, Tahseen H. Mubarak und Abdul Samee F. Abdul Aziz. „Study the impact of different preparation methods on the structural and dielectric properties of nickel-zinc ferrite“. Sustainable Engineering and Innovation 3, Nr. 2 (30.07.2021): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37868/sei.v3i2.id117.
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In the current study, nickel-zinc ferrite nanoparticles Ni (1-x) ZnxFe2O4 (X= 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1) have been arranged by sol-gel auto combustion and common chemical precipitation methods, The samples were described by x-ray (XRD) deflection, Fourier converts Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), dielectric perpetual and dielectric loss element. the XRD analysis confirms the cubic lone phase spinel configuration for all the synthesized materials. Average crystalline size is estimated of the (311) peaks of the x-ray diffractogram using Scherrer’s formulation institute in the range 38.90 to 37.71 nm for sol-gel auto burning method and from 18.61 to 23.41 nm for co-precipitation method. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was studied so as to assert the construction of the spinel phase and to recognize the kind of carbon remaining in the samples. The dielectric fixed and the dielectric loss factor were measured in the range between 50 Hz – 3 MHz at room temperature were located to be reduced with a rise in regularity.
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Talbot, Kay. „Mothers Now Childless: Survival after the Death of an Only Child“. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 34, Nr. 3 (01.01.1996): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/wxa0-hnx1-3cn6-9a2w.
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Prior research has highlighted the search for meaning and its impact on personal growth following the death of a child [1–3]. This study, however, is the first to address the dual loss of a child and of the role of parent. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to understand the life-world of eighty mothers whose only child (aged 3 to 21) died from accident or illness five or more years previously. The data produced descriptions of the qualitative difference between remaining in a state of perpetual bereavement and surviving to live life “alive” again. The findings suggest that motherhood becomes an integral part of the self and in order to survive this dual loss, it is necessary not to relinquish this construct. Rather, it is important to find meaningful ways to continue “mothering” as part of a new, more integrated identity which acknowledges the child's death but also preserves the child's memory and honors the woman's past life as a mother.
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Chisholm, Jessica. „Addressing Workplace Incivility: Facilitating Nursing Students' Transition to the Health-Care Setting“. Creative Nursing 25, Nr. 4 (01.11.2019): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.25.4.311.
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Workplace incivility is a known cause of anxiety in the workplace, leading to the loss of many new members of the nursing field. This perpetual cycle of hiring and losing nurses, especially new graduates, contributes to the increasing nursing shortage. This study investigated whether the inclusion of prelicensure nursing education on workplace incivility is achievable and capable of improving the outcome for nurses when it occurs. Review of the literature revealed that inclusion of prelicensure education on this topic is possible through utilization of a zero-tolerance policy, Cognitive Rehearsal Technique (CRT), and simulation. Education on workplace incivility and the aforementioned formats for prelicensure education were presented to faculty of a Southeastern U.S. college. Respondents demonstrated interest in detailed instruction on incorporating it into their teaching.
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Zaradkiewicz, Kamil. „Trends in Supreme Court jurisprudence in real property cases in 2020. (Part I). Review“. Nieruchomości@ : kwartalnik Ministerstwa Sprawiedliwości II, Nr. II (30.06.2021): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9263.
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The review includes presentation of the theses and motives from the Polish Supreme Court’s jurisprudence of 2021 regarding real estate property law, including in particular the encumbrance and dispositions of real rights (iura in rem). The most important issues concerning the content and performance, the acquisition and loss of ownership of real estates, the current problems concerning the acquisitive prescription of easements (so called transmission servitudes) and the relationship between the ownership rights of buildings or other equipment, as well as the ownership of the premises (flats) being separate real estates and perpetual usufruct (emphyteusis), are presented. The review includes also the new judgments of the Supreme Court concerning the development agreement and relating to the institution of fiduciary ownership.
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Anquandah, Jason S., und Leonid V. Bogachev. „Optimal Stopping and Utility in a Simple Modelof Unemployment Insurance“. Risks 7, Nr. 3 (01.09.2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks7030094.
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Managing unemployment is one of the key issues in social policies. Unemployment insurance schemes are designed to cushion the financial and morale blow of loss of job but also to encourage the unemployed to seek new jobs more proactively due to the continuous reduction of benefit payments. In the present paper, a simple model of unemployment insurance is proposed with a focus on optimality of the individual’s entry to the scheme. The corresponding optimal stopping problem is solved, and its similarity and differences with the perpetual American call option are discussed. Beyond a purely financial point of view, we argue that in the actuarial context the optimal decisions should take into account other possible preferences through a suitable utility function. Some examples in this direction are worked out.
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Schmidt, Uwe Eduard. „Wie erfolgreich war das Dauerwaldkonzept bislang: eine historische Analyse | Continuous cover forests – a success? A historical analysis“. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 160, Nr. 6 (01.06.2009): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2009.0144.
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Since the beginning of the 19th century, differe nt methods of natural regeneration and single-tree orientated systems of management existed in southern Germany and in Switzerland. In the early 1920s, Alfred Möller from Eberswalde created the term “continuous cover forest” (perpetual forest, Dauerwald), which was introduced in the practice of forestry and was controversially discussed by forestry experts. Considerably differing opinions on how to manage this type of forest and on its economical and ecological yield (output) were expressed. During the 1930s, the maxim of perpetual forests temporarily reached the status of a forest economic doctrine in the state forests but it was finally suspended because of additional need of timber in times of war and striving after economic independence. In the aftermath of war, renowned experts of forest science and practice in West and East Germany sought economical concepts of managing the overexploited forests in order to re-establish profit-yielding forests. These efforts led to the founding of the ANW, a forestry panel which turned down the principle of even-aged forests while stressing the importance of sustainability. This can be seen as an equivalent of the traditional principle of continuous cover forests during the 1920s and 1930s. However, after an enthusiastic start, the ANW sank almost into insignificance until the 1980s when the increasing perception of ecology loss re-directed attention towards its ideas. The demands from the ecologically orientated part of our society brought the idea of continuous forests back into current and future discussions in Germany and in other European countries.
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Solomon, Mark L. „Dancing in Solidarity and Dissent“. European Judaism 49, Nr. 2 (01.09.2016): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2016.490210.
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AbstractIn this deeply personal article, Mark Solomon explores the universal dichotomy between group solidarity and individual dissent by reflecting on two formative experiences of his own life. The first was his inspiring teenage encounter with Lubavitch Hasidism and his revulsion at its extreme, particularistic views about Jewish souls, which led to a loss of faith in Judaism and a four-year spiritual struggle over whether to convert to Christianity. Later, as an Orthodox rabbi, he had to deal with a growing awareness of being gay and the need to come out, once again leaving the solidarity of the traditional Jewish family structure for a dissenting way of life. Individual dissent can create a new sense of community and bring with it a solidarity among outsiders. The challenges of belonging and personal freedom are part of the perpetual rhythm of life and can be a source of growth and energy.
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Pasura, Dominic, und Anastasia Christou. „Theorizing Black (African) Transnational Masculinities“. Men and Masculinities 21, Nr. 4 (23.02.2017): 521–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x17694992.
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Just as masculinity is crucial in the construction of nationhood, masculinity is also significant in the making and unmaking of transnational communities. This article focuses on how black African men negotiate and perform respectable masculinity in transnational settings, such as the workplace, community, and family. Moving away from conceptualizations of black transnational forms of masculinities as in perpetual crisis and drawing on qualitative data collected from the members of the new African diaspora in London, the article explores the diverse ways notions of masculinity and gender identities are being challenged, reaffirmed, and reconfigured. The article argues that men experience a loss of status as breadwinners and a rupture of their sense of masculine identity in the reconstruction of life in the diaspora. Conditions in the hostland, in particular, women’s breadwinner status and the changing gender relations, threaten men’s “hegemonic masculinity” and consequently force men to negotiate respectable forms of masculinity.
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Sroka, Bartłomiej T. „Urban Shrinkage as a Catalyst of a Transition, Revolving around Definitions“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 20 (14.10.2022): 13203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013203.
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For decades, urban shrinkage has remained a serious challenge, especially in post-socialist countries. Substantially, it is recognizable as a temporary population loss; this encourages the undertaking of a systematic review of the phenomenon—has there been any change in the urban shrinkage connotation in the past years? Empirical research examines the mechanisms that were disclosed in the literature during the first two decades of the 21st century. This paper outlines the core aspects of shrinkage in the economic, social, and spatial dimensions. The paper questions whether the phenomenon is a catalyst to a new development trajectory of cities, collecting a review of the terms attached to shrinkage itself. The analysis is based on a meta-analysis of the literature; it covers the papers and outputs of research projects that were focused on shrinkage from 2000 to 2020. The review leads to conceptual models based on the perpetual mechanism of the phenomenon.
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Despres, Lucille, Sophie Costil, Jonathan Cormier, Patrick Villechaise und Romain Cariou. „Impact of Laser Texturing on Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloys“. Metals 11, Nr. 11 (30.10.2021): 1737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11111737.
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Surface laser texturing is used to ensure mechanical anchoring and strengthen adhesion between the interfaces of bond coatless thermal barrier coating system. To anticipate a possible loss of mechanical properties and to adapt to the perpetual evolutions of chemical compositions of the system, we analyzed the microstructural evolutions of different Ni-based single crystal superalloys, induced during infrared nanosecond laser ablation. Localized asperities composed of a melted, re-solidified matter, with a different microstructure from that of the bulk material, were generated. Regarding asperity morphologies, recrystallization within the latter could be avoided. Then, to compare different Ni-base single crystal superalloys, the thermal-affected volumes were characterized for two patterns textured under different energetic conditions. It seems that all the studied single crystal superalloys behaved quite similarly during nanosecond laser ablation. Finally, according to these results, ablation kinetics between the γ and γ′ phases of Ni-based superalloys could not be homogeneous.
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Barney, Kendyl A., und Stephen M. Yoshimura. „Death-Related Grief and Disenfranchised Identity: A Communication Approach“. Review of Communication Research 8 (2020): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12840/issn.2255-4165.024.
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The death of a significant person in one’s life forces individuals to engage in a number of grief-related tasks, including reconstructing a narrative about the relationship, resituating their relationship with the deceased individual, and developing a new sense of self post-loss. The dominant narrative of grief, however, generally assumes that the experience is a finite, linear process of detachment. Given past research challenging the reality of that experience, we draw upon Doka’s (2002) theory of disenfranchised grief to propose that grief is not only a possible temporary state of disenfranchisement, but rather a perpetual, ongoing state of being disenfranchised. This condition is primarily maintained by the need to constantly navigate the lines between the dominant narrative of grief upheld in a given culture and one’s personal experience and performance of it. We propose a narrative approach to the concept of grief as a potential solution to this problem, and outline several new potential avenues for research on grief.
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Jain, Dr Meghna. „Awareness Level towards Importance of Nutrition among Youth“. International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering, Nr. 26 (30.11.2022): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/ijrise.26.9.17.
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Because of the emerging industrial area and opportunities, people have as many options as they never had before in most fields, be it entertainment, delicacies, work, art etc. With the same, people are concentrating more on the worldly things and their health is getting deteriorated by days. Many studies show that there is a whole lot of people who suffer from the problem of sleep loss, from problems like depression, anxiety, fatigue, cardiac and brain diseases, eyesight problems, sore bodies, less energy and perpetual petulance. With the discussion, the need for utter heed has come up in order to restore the balance in the lives of people through attending and noticing the issue solemnly. It has an ultimate effect on the work life of working professionals and employees as well, which is consequently resulting in the low performance levels in the companies. The research revolves around the people’s choice of choosing the type of their eatables, sleep schedule, energy levels, health status and their temperament.
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TYLER, MICHAEL J., LYDIA A. FUCSKO und J. DALE ROBERTS. „Calamities causing loss of museum collections: a historical and global perspective on museum disasters“. Zootaxa 5230, Nr. 2 (20.01.2023): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5230.2.2.
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With alarming frequency, significant collections in natural history museums have been destroyed or damaged through insurrections, cyclones, wars, fires, floods, or earthquakes particularly in the nineteenth century but continuing into the twentieth century with World War II bombings, fires, and earthquakes being the primary causes of loss in fifty-seven institutions across thirty countries. We review the loss or damage of museum collections globally, and their varied causes. We emphasize the benefits of dispersal of a sample of paratypes across institutions as an essential feature of taxonomic practice. We argue that museums do not own type material but are acting as perpetual custodians of type material on behalf of science and society in general, and that museums, therefore, have an obligation to minimize the risk to their collections. The significance of the loss of type material would be ameliorated if, when there are numerous paratypes or syntypes, members of a type series were distributed among several institutions. This is currently common practice but historically this was not always the case and might not be possible if only a single holotype is available. We also reaffirm the need for scientists around the globe to develop specific protocols to protect collections of biological and cultural materials from loss or damage from natural and human-created disasters now and into the future. We comment on recent moves to modify the Zoological Code of Nomenclature to allow the use of images as “type” material when describing new species with the image serving as a substitute for “physical” specimens deposited in museum collections. Although our focus is on herpetological collections, our particular interest and area of expertise, our observations apply broadly to all collections, including those of animals, plants, and anthropological or ethnographic material.
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Ertych, Norman, Ailine Stolz, Oliver Valerius, Gerhard H. Braus und Holger Bastians. „CHK2–BRCA1 tumor-suppressor axis restrains oncogenic Aurora-A kinase to ensure proper mitotic microtubule assembly“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, Nr. 7 (01.02.2016): 1817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1525129113.
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BRCA1 (breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein) is a multifunctional tumor suppressor involved in DNA damage response, DNA repair, chromatin regulation, and mitotic chromosome segregation. Although the nuclear functions of BRCA1 have been investigated in detail, its role during mitosis is little understood. It is clear, however, that loss of BRCA1 in human cancer cells leads to chromosomal instability (CIN), which is defined as a perpetual gain or loss of whole chromosomes during mitosis. Moreover, our recent work has revealed that the mitotic function of BRCA1 depends on its phosphorylation by the tumor-suppressor kinase Chk2 (checkpoint kinase 2) and that this regulation is required to ensure normal microtubule plus end assembly rates within mitotic spindles. Intriguingly, loss of the positive regulation of BRCA1 leads to increased oncogenic Aurora-A activity, which acts as a mediator for abnormal mitotic microtubule assembly resulting in chromosome missegregation and CIN. However, how the CHK2–BRCA1 tumor suppressor axis restrains oncogenic Aurora-A during mitosis to ensure karyotype stability remained an open question. Here we uncover a dual molecular mechanism by which the CHK2–BRCA1 axis restrains oncogenic Aurora-A activity during mitosis and identify BRCA1 itself as a target for Aurora-A relevant for CIN. In fact, Chk2-mediated phosphorylation of BRCA1 is required to recruit the PP6C–SAPS3 phosphatase, which acts as a T-loop phosphatase inhibiting Aurora-A bound to BRCA1. Consequently, loss of CHK2 or PP6C-SAPS3 promotes Aurora-A activity associated with BRCA1 in mitosis. Aurora-A, in turn, then phosphorylates BRCA1 itself, thereby inhibiting the mitotic function of BRCA1 and promoting mitotic microtubule assembly, chromosome missegregation, and CIN.
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Simon, Amélie, Claude Frankignoul, Guillaume Gastineau und Young-Oh Kwon. „An Observational Estimate of the Direct Response of the Cold-Season Atmospheric Circulation to the Arctic Sea Ice Loss“. Journal of Climate 33, Nr. 9 (01.05.2020): 3863–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0687.1.
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AbstractThe direct response of the cold-season atmospheric circulation to the Arctic sea ice loss is estimated from observed sea ice concentration (SIC) and an atmospheric reanalysis, assuming that the atmospheric response to the long-term sea ice loss is the same as that to interannual pan-Arctic SIC fluctuations with identical spatial patterns. No large-scale relationship with previous interannual SIC fluctuations is found in October and November, but a negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)/Arctic Oscillation follows the pan-Arctic SIC fluctuations from December to March. The signal is field significant in the stratosphere in December, and in the troposphere and tropopause thereafter. However, multiple regressions indicate that the stratospheric December signal is largely due to concomitant Siberian snow-cover anomalies. On the other hand, the tropospheric January–March NAO signals can be unambiguously attributed to SIC variability, with an Iceland high approaching 45 m at 500 hPa, a 2°C surface air warming in northeastern Canada, and a modulation of blocking activity in the North Atlantic sector. In March, a 1°C northern Europe cooling is also attributed to SIC. An SIC impact on the warm Arctic–cold Eurasia pattern is only found in February in relation to January SIC. Extrapolating the most robust results suggests that, in the absence of other forcings, the SIC loss between 1979 and 2016 would have induced a 2°–3°C decade−1 winter warming in northeastern North America and a 40–60 m decade−1 increase in the height of the Iceland high, if linearity and perpetual winter conditions could be assumed.
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Pacholko, Anthony G., Caitlin A. Wotton und Lane K. Bekar. „Poor Diet, Stress, and Inactivity Converge to Form a “Perfect Storm” That Drives Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis“. Neurodegenerative Diseases 19, Nr. 2 (2019): 60–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000503451.
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North American incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is expected to more than double over the coming generation. Although genetic factors surrounding the production and clearance of amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau proteins are known to be responsible for a subset of early-onset AD cases, they do not explain the pathogenesis of the far more prevalent sporadic late-onset variant of the disease. It is thus likely that lifestyle and environmental factors contribute to neurodegenerative processes implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Herein, we review evidence that (1) excess sucrose consumption induces AD-associated liver pathologies and brain insulin resistance, (2) chronic stress overdrives activity of locus coeruleus neurons, leading to loss of function (a common event in neurodegeneration), (3) high-sugar diets and stress promote the loss of neuroprotective sex hormones in men and women, and (4) Western dietary trends set the stage for a lithium-deficient state. We propose that these factors may intersect as part of a “perfect storm” to contribute to the widespread prevalence of neurodegeneration and AD. In addition, we put forth the argument that exercise and supplementation with trace lithium can counteract many of the deleterious consequences associated with excessive caloric intake and perpetual stress. We conclude that lifestyle and environmental factors likely contribute to AD pathogenesis and that simple lifestyle and dietary changes can help counteract their effects.
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Omer-Sherman, Ranen. „Nomadism and Stasis in Transparent“. Studies in American Jewish Literature (1981-) 41, Nr. 2 (01.09.2022): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/studamerijewilite.41.2.0223.
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Abstract Joey Soloway (previously known as Jill) approaches the Jewish story as one of perpetual wandering—between identities, between bodies, between realms of belonging. While Transparent is as arguably concerned with relationality and interdependence as untethered individualism, in the series’ tense opposition between wandering and stasis, Soloway privileges the expansive, open-ended identity of wandering over the narrowly proscribed monolithic identity that accompanies rest or arrival. Looking back on how the series has evolved, its emphasis on loss, confusion, and unsettled indeterminacy occurs most emphatically in Rabbi Raquel’s evocative words launching the third season as she struggles with a sermon about Passover. At one time or another the series revisits or otherwise evokes the ruptures of Genesis, the sense of felix culpa that accompanies all human exiles; from the Garden, Abraham’s Lech Lacha (“Get you gone from your country and from your birthplace and from your father’s house”), the expulsion of Ishmael into the desert, the narrative of Ruth the Moabite, each offering richly circuitous terrains, repetitions of wandering, wryly underscored in the uncertainties and scrambled destinies of the Pfefferman tribe.
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Stončikaitė, Ieva. „Critical Approaches to Ageing Body Politics in the Works of Erica Jong“. Societies 9, Nr. 2 (13.06.2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc9020047.
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The ways we read our bodies and bodily transformations are deeply inscribed in cultural meanings that vary across different historical times and societies. Even if the desire to achieve culturally imposed beauty standards and ideals is relevant to all age groups, anxieties about bodily decline become more pronounced as we approach the final stages of our lives. Physical changes are never just manifestations of cellular and organic loss, but can also be a source of troubled identifies and fragmented personalities caused by the mismatch between our external appearance and the inner perception of the self. This paper offers the longitudinal analysis of female processes of ageing from age-studies and feminist perspectives, as depicted in the works of Erica Jong, a contemporary American writer. It uncovers significant aspects of the pressures older women are subjected to in order to look more appealing in youth-oriented cultures, and demonstrates that the human body is often regarded as a conflicting site of perpetual ambiguities and troubled feelings caused by physical decay.
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Trošt, Tamara P. „Remembering the good: Constructing the nation through joyful memories in school textbooks in the former Yugoslavia“. Memory Studies 12, Nr. 1 (Februar 2019): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698018811986.
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Studies examining the reification of nationhood narratives in history textbooks have typically focused on memories rooted in trauma (stories of loss of territory, victimhood, and perpetual enmity with neighbours), although glorification of the nation, ideas of who belongs to the nation, and what constitutes the nation, are also found in joyful memories. In this article, I examine how memories of joy are accounted for in a classical nation-building subject such as history. Which discursive strategies do textbooks use in instilling particular images of the nation in pupils’ heads, and how do they differ from those used in non-joyful events? Relying on content analysis of history textbooks currently used in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia, I examine how ‘joyful’ memories are represented in memories of ‘banal’ and everyday joy (memories of sports events, music, literature, and popular culture), and in memories of ‘hot’ or explicit nationalism (memories of victories in battles, reclaiming territory, etc). I conclude with reflections on the usefulness of studying memories of joy when examining issues of nation-building, national identity, and nationalism.
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Sharma, Sanjay Kumar, und R. R. Choyal. „Conservation of alpine pasture in Himachal Pradesh, India“. Environment Conservation Journal 12, Nr. 3 (22.12.2011): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2011.120320.
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Himalayan Alpine pasture occurs at high altitude mountains in between the tree line and perpetual snow line. These constitute one of the important land cover. These pastures contain very good grasses and medicinal plants thus traditionally tribal people depend on these pastures for grazing their animals during summer. 75% of the total alpine pastures in Himalayan region are situated in Himachal Pradesh.The alpine pasture of Himachal Pradesh provides a matchless wealth of highly priced medicinal, aromatic plants and known as a natural reservoir of these herbs. In alpine pasture and meadows due to continuous loss of forest land, uncontrolled grazing and irregular exploitation of medicinal herbs by commercial enterprises have resulted in depletion of valuable medicinal plants used since ancient times. There are many medicinal plants which have become rare in several tracts while a few others have fallen in the list of endangered species. Therefore it has been felt that there is an urgent need for ex-situ and in-situ conservation of these valuable and threatened species.
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Wu, Yin, Genwei Guo, Guiyun Tian und Wenbo Liu. „A Model with Leaf Area Index and Trunk Diameter for LoRaWAN Radio Propagation in Eastern China Mixed Forest“. Journal of Sensors 2020 (22.06.2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2687148.
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Internet of Things (IoT) is a very promising technology in forest engineering, especially for the environment and plant growth monitoring. LoRa Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is a prevailing choice for the Forestry IoT owing to its low-power and long-range ability. Real-world deployment and network optimization require accurate path-loss modeling, so the LoRaWAN radio channel in the forest is needed to be intensively studied. However, most of the subsistent propagation models do not involve specific forestry environmental parameters. In this paper, two parameters related with the trees are considered: the leaf area index and the tree trunk diameter. Due to the time-changing characteristics of these two items (from spring to winter), an empirical model has been developed through extensive measurement campaigns: Firstly, the channel measurement platform is designed based on a real scene of mixed forest. Secondly, the fading characteristics of the channel transmission for LoRa nodes are tested, and the corresponding model is presented and evaluated. Lastly, an energy harvesting LoRaWAN is deployed and operated in a sampled forest region of Eastern China for environment monitoring based on our propagation model. The results show that 433 MHz LoRa path loss in the mingled forest could be precisely predicted by our proposed model. Moreover, network coverage and energy consumption optimization of the LoRa nodes could be performed, which enables the perpetual development of reliable forestry evolution monitoring system.
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Mukesh, Devika. „Design of Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G Applications“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, Nr. 10 (31.10.2021): 323–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38395.
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Abstract: With rapid evolution of wireless communication and mobile networking techniques, one of the major advancements is that fifth generation (5G) is envisioned in-order to meet the perpetual demand for greater network speed and capacity. This paper provides an overview of the design of five reconfigurable antennas for 5G wireless application is introduced by varying the substrate material used. Teflon, Taconic TLY, Rogers Ultralam 1217, Rogers RT/Duroid 5880, FR4 are the substrate materials used in designing the respective antennas. The proposed antenna designs employ a leaky-wave antenna based on half-mode substrate integrated waveguide. Since this antenna is used in 5G communication systems, the centre frequency is taken as 28.5 GHz. The length width and height of each of the antennas are designed using design procedures of rectangular patch antenna for all five substrates respectively. Each antennas are compared based on their return loss, VSWR, gain, directivity and radiation pattern respectively and an inference regarding performance of each substrate is obtained. On comparing the results of all the five antennas in the ON and OFF condition of switch, the results are found to be best in case of Rogers RT/duroid 5880 with return loss of -15.2719dB, VSWR of 1.4165, gain of 4.6dB, directivity of 4.31dB in the ON condition and with a return loss of - 13.0779dB, VSWR of 1.6893, gain of 3.4dB and directivity of 3.7dB in the OFF condition. Further by changing the switches and replaced it by conducting sheet switches for reduction of loss and were able to achieve improved results with return loss of24.5026dB, gain of 5.1dB in the ON condition and return loss of -12.6608dB and gain of 3.8dB in the OFF condition which contributed to the novelty of the project. In the proposed antennas, beam steering is obtained due to the disturbances in surface current under the influence of changing voltage bias of the switches. The technologies used make the antenna design compact provides configurability, which makes this antenna a suitable candidate for 5G applications. Keywords: 5G, reconfigurable antenna, leaky wave antenna, half mode substrate integrated waveguide, millimeter wave, beam steering
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Parrish C.S.C., Dan, Timothy S. Clark und Samuel S. Holloway. „The collapse of sensemaking at Yarnell Hill: the effects of endogenous ecological chaos on enactment“. European Journal of Management Studies 25, Nr. 2 (30.11.2020): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejms-10-2020-005.
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Purpose Since Weick’s (1993) seminal Mann Gulch paper articulated a collapse of sensemaking, scholars have repeatedly investigated sensemaking downstream of enactment. Motivated by another wildland firefighting tragedy, the tragic loss of 19 firefighters in Arizona in 2013, this study aims to look at enactment itself and reveals that the endogenous creation and re-creation of the wildland fire caused a fatal feedback loop of “trigger traps” leading to perpetual enactment that short-circuited sensemaking. Wildland fires can have unpredictable consequences, which triggers in individual sensemakers a fatal and continuous return to the beginning of the sensemaking process. Design/methodology/approach This paper’s approach is a case study based on a textual analysis of sources investigating the 2013 Yarnell Hill fire. The authors also carefully compared the Yarnell Hill and Mann Gulch disasters in search of breakdowns in sensemaking that could help us understand why we continue to lose firefighters in the line of duty. Findings The simultaneously volatile and complex environment at Yarnell illustrates sensemaking antecedents to the study of enactment. The findings suggest ways that organizations – those fighting wildfire or those fighting a global pandemic – can avoid getting trapped in the early stages of enactment and can retain resilience in their sensemaking. Originality/value This paper introduces the concept of “trigger traps” to help explain the fatal feedback loop of repeated environmental triggers in the early stages of sensemaking in volatile environments.
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Kieran, Shannon Rose C., Joshua M. Hull und Amanda J. Finger. „Environmental DNA sampling provides new management strategies for vernal pool branchiopods in California“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 4 (08.04.2021): e0243338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243338.
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California’s vernal pools are declining ecosystems that support valuable native plant and animal diversity. Vernal pool branchiopods are particularly at risk from vernal pool habitat loss and conservation efforts have targeted their long-term protection through the establishment of preserves and conservation banks. These conservation strategies require repeated, perpetual monitoring of preserved habitat, which is currently carried out through dip-net surveys and visual identification of specimens. Dip-netting may be destructive and frequently requires some sacrifice of protected species. Environmental DNA offers a new, modern method to monitor many protected freshwater organisms. We designed qPCR-based species-specific assays for four of California’s vernal pool branchiopods: The Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp Branchinecta lynchi (BRLY), the Midvalley Fairy Shrimp Branchinecta mesovallensis (BRME), and the Conservancy Fairy Shrimp Branchinecta conservatio (BRCO), and the Vernal Pool Tadpole Shrimp Lepidurus packardi (LEPA). We tested these assays using eDNA sampling protocols alongside traditional dip-net surveys to assess their viability as an alternative method to monitor vernal pool branchiopods. Based on occupancy modeling, each of our assays achieved a 95% or higher detection rate when using optimized sampling protocols.
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Pellegrini, Sascia. „The Culture of Distraction: Fragmented Vision and the Misery of the Senses“. INSAM Journal of Contemporary Music, Art and Technology, Nr. 9 (15.12.2022): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51191/issn.2637-1898.2022.5.9.88.
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This paper investigates postmodern modalities of the consumption of art, transformed and accelerated by the advent of the Web, and the emergence of social platforms, locus of altered forms of sensuous experience. Fragmented reality appears well suited to a culture of distraction, the general feeling of perpetual diversion and alienation, propelled by device applications, web surfing, social media, and messenger services; a reality in which space is no longer experienced with a synchronous unity of perception and emplacement. I will examine a reality that has abandoned linear text as the vessel of transmitting information, a reality that in the past few decades has been carried forward by a flood of technical images, following Vilem Flusser’s notion. Lastly, I will scrutinise paradoxical aspects of this virtual domain: what is it that makes an experience itself, when surrogates of someone else’s direct or indirect experiences are fed to us through social media, including images, videos, game simulations of various sorts, virtual reality, extended reality? This paradox Bernard Stiegler calls “the loss of participation in the production of symbols” (Stiegler 2014, 10): a symbolic misery that originated in audiovisual and informational mnemotechnological activities, locus of mutated relations with the senses.
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Hu, Chunlin, und Jing Xie. „The Effect of Multiple Freeze–Thaw Cycles on the Microstructure and Quality of Trachurus murphyi“. Foods 10, Nr. 6 (11.06.2021): 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061350.
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Temperature fluctuation in frozen food storage and distribution is the perpetual and core issue faced by the frozen food industry. Ice recrystallisation induced by temperature fluctuations under cold storage causes microstructural changes in fish products and irreversible damages to cells and tissues, which lower the frozen fish quality in the food chain. This study is intended to explore how repeated freezing–thawing affected the microstructure and quality of Trachurus murphyi during its frozen storage. The results showed the consistency between the increase in ice crystal diameter, volume, and porosity in frozen fish and the increase in centrifugal loss (from 22.4% to 25.69%), cooking loss (from 22.32% to 25.19%), conductivity (from 15.28 Ms/cm to 15.70 Ms/cm), TVB-N (from 16.32 mg N/100 g to 19.94 mg N/100 g), K-value (from 3.73% to 7.07%), and amino acid composition. The muscle structure change observed by Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed that the content of α-helix reduced from 59.05% to 51.83%, while the β-sheet fraction grew from 15.44% to 17.11%, β-turns increased from 5.45% to 7.58%, and random coil from 20.06% to 23.49%. Moreover, muscular structure exhibited varying degrees of deterioration with increasing cycles of freezing and thawing as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We studied the muscular morphology, which included the measurement of porosities (%) of pore that increased (from 1.4% to 4.3%) and pore distribution, by X-ray computed tomography (uCT). The cycles of the freeze–thaw resulted in structural changes, which seemed to be closely associated with ultimate quality of frozen fish products.
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Williams, Oli, und Ellen Annandale. „Obesity, stigma and reflexive embodiment: Feeling the ‘weight’ of expectation“. Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 24, Nr. 4 (14.11.2018): 421–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459318812007.
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The dominant obesity discourse which emphasises individual moral responsibility and lifestyle modification encourages weight-based stigma. Existing research overwhelmingly demonstrates that obesity stigma is an ineffective means by which to reduce the incidence of obesity and that it promotes weight-gain. However, the sensate experiences associated with the subjective experience of obesity stigma as a reflexively embodied phenomenon have been largely unexamined. This article addresses this knowledge gap by providing a phenomenological account. Data are derived from 11 months of ethnographic participant observation and semi-structured interviews with three single-sex weight-loss groups in England. Group members were predominantly overweight/obese and of low-socio-economic status. The analysis triangulates these two data sources to investigate what/how obesity stigma made group members feel. We find that obesity stigma confused participant’s objective and subjective experiences of their bodies. This was primarily evident on occasions when group members felt heavier after engaging in behaviours associated with weight-gain but this ‘weight’ did not register on the weighing scales. We conceptualise this as the weight of expectation which is taken as illustrative of the perpetual uncertainty and morality that characterises weight-management. In addition, we show that respondents ascribed their sensate experiences of physiological responses to exercise with moral and social significance. These carnal cues provided a sense of certainty and played an important role in attempts to negotiate obesity stigma. These findings deepen the understanding of how and why obesity stigma is an inappropriate and ineffective means of promoting weight-loss.
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Kyere-Boateng, Richard, und Michal V. Marek. „Analysis of the Social-Ecological Causes of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Ghana: Application of the DPSIR Framework“. Forests 12, Nr. 4 (29.03.2021): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040409.
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Globally, forests provide several functions and services to support humans’ well-being and the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The services that forests provide enable the forest-dependent people and communities to meet their livelihood needs and well-being. Nevertheless, the world’s forests face a twin environmental problem of deforestation and forest degradation (D&FD), resulting in ubiquitous depletion of forest biodiversity and ecosystem services and eventual loss of forest cover. Ghana, like any tropical forest developing country, is not immune to these human-caused D&FD. This paper reviews Ghana’s D&FD driven by a plethora of pressures, despite many forest policies and interventions to ensure sustainable management and forest use. The review is important as Ghana is experiencing an annual D&FD rate of 2%, equivalent to 135,000 hectares loss of forest cover. Although some studies have focused on the causes of D&FD on Ghana’ forests, they failed to show the chain of causal links of drivers that cause D&FD. This review fills the knowledge and practice gap by adopting the Driver-Pressures-State-Impacts-Responses (DPSIR) analytical framework to analyse the literature-based sources of causes D&FD in Ghana. Specifically, the analysis identified agriculture expansion, cocoa farming expansion, illegal logging, illegal mining, population growth and policy failures and lapses as the key drivers of Ghana’s D&FD. The study uses the DPSIR analytical framework to show the chain of causal links that lead to the country’s D&FD and highlights the numerous interventions required to reverse and halt the ubiquitous perpetual trend of D&FD in Ghana. Similar tropical forest countries experiencing D&FD will find the review most useful to curtail the menace.
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Jones, Chris. „Plus Ça Change, Plus Ça Reste le Même? The New Zanzibar Land Law Project“. Journal of African Law 40, Nr. 1 (1996): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300007105.
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The picture of pre-Protectorate and Protectorate land tenure that emerges from the reported judicial resolutions of land disputes in Zanzibar and the legislation introduced is that of overlapping interests in one and same parcel of land (such as planting banana trees on someone else's land), a charitable toleration of land occupation by persons who had little but their labour to subsist by (such as not having to pay rents on the Sultan's lands or waqf properties, or at least very little), mobility by way of settlement on unoccupied lands through negotiation or silent acquiescence without formalistic titles as a prerequisite, and a determination to protect land security for families or for the poor against Government taxes, private debt attachments or fragmentary inheritance rules (such as through waqf, perpetual trust). Alongside these elements were the commercial uses and dispositions of land, including outright sales and conditional sales for debts, and the assignment to trees of an economic value distinct from that of the land. Against this complex background the British Protectorate Government extended and consolidated its public land holdings, specifying how the land was to be used for what may be called the “aggregate economic welfare produced by … unequal distribution of resources”, regularizing the charging of rents, and gradually breaking down the security of waqf immovables. After the First World War, despite political stability, social instability relating to land tenure broke out and plagued the Protectorate to its end. There were major dispossessions from land resulting from the government's policy of protecting the landlord's right to charge rents and of allowing creditors to sell land for the purpose of recovering accumulated debts that could no longer be paid during economic depressions. The loss of access to land led to the loss of identification with the land.
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Klocek, Andrzej, und Stanisław Zając. „The Forest Market – Income Methods for Determining the Value of Forest Resources“. Forest Research Papers 80, Nr. 1 (01.03.2019): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2019-0008.
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Abstract This article describes the methods for estimating the value of a forest, the accuracy of which is critical for purchases and sales, credit security, determining the shares in the division of forest real estate, as well as in determining the amount of compensation for losses in forest property. Compensation for property losses also includes past events that occurred before the Second World War, such as nationalization or loss of the forests in the eastern territories of the Second Polish Republic due to border changes. An equally important objective of forest valuation, which has recently gained in importance, is the inclusion of its value in a forest holding balance sheet. However, due to the lack of fully objective market prices for forest property, this work focused on the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the forest market and the methods of calculating the income (rent) value of the forest. Examples of commercial transactions from the forest market in the USA, Austria and Germany are included. The study presents a historical outline of forest valuation with particular emphasis on methods based on the income value, including forest rents. Furthermore, we discuss the formula of the perpetual capitalization of annuity and periodic annuity, including the impact of various net income calculations, that is, in arrears or in advance
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Basdeki, Maria, und Charis Apostolopoulos. „The Effect of Shot Blasting Process on Mechanical Properties and Anti-Corrosive Behavior of Steel Reinforcement“. Metals 12, Nr. 2 (02.02.2022): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12020275.
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The need to confront the problem of corrosion resistance of steel reinforcement is an issue of major importance and a perpetual challenge to the structural integrity and reliability in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The current experimental study presents the results of the combined effect of shot blasting and coating on steel reinforcing bars in respect to their anticorrosive resistance and their mechanical behavior, at various times of exposure to corrosive environment. In the present manuscript, a comparison of different abrasive materials was primarily conducted, via electrochemical measurements (Tafel tests), to estimate the corrosion current (icorr) for each abrasive material. After the indication that corrosion resistance can be modified by shot blasting with corundum, the method of Zn85Al15 coating was chosen to further investigate the combined effect of shot blasting with coating, in terms of percentage mass loss and mechanical behavior of steel reinforcement. The results demonstrated that, upon the completion of the surface treatment process with corundum, the mechanical performance of steel bars was improved in terms of ductility. Moreover, the Zn85Al15 coating provided a satisfactory anticorrosive protection to steel bars in the entire exposure period of accelerated corrosion. The combined contribution of shot blasting and coating processes was deemed to be very encouraging and may trigger further investigation and research, for the production of a better corrosion resistance of B500c steel.
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Poole, Ross. „Performing trauma: Commemorating 9/11 in downtown Manhattan“. Memory Studies 13, Nr. 4 (04.01.2018): 452–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698017749979.
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There are two memorials at the site of the World Trade Center: the above ground Memorial Park and the below ground Memorial Museum. They embody very different conceptions of how an event such as 9/11 should be remembered. The Memorial Park was an attempt to integrate the recognition of loss into the ongoing life of the city. It fails to do this, largely because it succumbs to the temptation to let the site itself—“Ground Zero”—do the work of memory. The two pools (“voids”) are located on the footprints of the two towers. They dominate the site, inheriting the clumsy monumentality of the destroyed buildings. The underground Memorial Museum combines relics, remnants, images, and newsreels, to involve its visitors in the emotional immediacy of the events of 9/11. It presents 9/11 as a traumatic memory, one to be re-experienced but not understood, placing it outside history in a kind of perpetual present. It reinforces what Marita Sturken identified as a national sense of innocence, and it militates against the development of an historical understanding of the causes and consequences of 9/11. In the final section of this article, I reflect on ways in Ground Zero might have been designed to create a site where residents, citizens, and visitors might have come together to mourn, reflect on, and seek to understand the events of 9/11.
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Mack, Katya L., James B. Jaggard, Jenna L. Persons, Emma Y. Roback, Courtney N. Passow, Bethany A. Stanhope, Estephany Ferrufino et al. „Repeated evolution of circadian clock dysregulation in cavefish populations“. PLOS Genetics 17, Nr. 7 (12.07.2021): e1009642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009642.
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Circadian rhythms are nearly ubiquitous throughout nature, suggesting they are critical for survival in diverse environments. Organisms inhabiting largely arrhythmic environments, such as caves, offer a unique opportunity to study the evolution of circadian rhythms in response to changing ecological pressures. Populations of the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, have repeatedly invaded caves from surface rivers, where individuals must contend with perpetual darkness, reduced food availability, and limited fluctuations in daily environmental cues. To investigate the molecular basis for evolved changes in circadian rhythms, we investigated rhythmic transcription across multiple independently-evolved cavefish populations. Our findings reveal that evolution in a cave environment has led to the repeated disruption of the endogenous biological clock, and its entrainment by light. The circadian transcriptome shows widespread reductions and losses of rhythmic transcription and changes to the timing of the activation/repression of core-transcriptional clock. In addition to dysregulation of the core clock, we find that rhythmic transcription of the melatonin regulator aanat2 and melatonin rhythms are disrupted in cavefish under darkness. Mutants of aanat2 and core clock gene rorca disrupt diurnal regulation of sleep in A. mexicanus, phenocopying circadian modulation of sleep and activity phenotypes of cave populations. Together, these findings reveal multiple independent mechanisms for loss of circadian rhythms in cavefish populations and provide a platform for studying how evolved changes in the biological clock can contribute to variation in sleep and circadian behavior.
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Gambe, Tazviona Richman. „Rethinking the tenant eviction process in Harare, Zimbabwe“. Property Management 36, Nr. 3 (18.06.2018): 252–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-12-2016-0069.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the lessee eviction process in Zimbabwe in order to suggest possible ways of improving this process that has become a rutted road characterised by a litany of hiccups. Design/methodology/approach The study is guided by the qualitative methodology. Data were mainly collected from property managers operating in the real property market in Harare using in-depth interviews. Analysis of data was done through content analysis. Findings It emerged from the study that the eviction process in Zimbabwe is fraught with impediments and expenses that are sometimes exasperating to property owners and investors. The current eviction regulations favour the lessees at the expense of lessors thus niggling lessees have aggravated the already protracted process by unnecessary appeals. Research limitations/implications The paper only focuses on residential property management and eviction of legal lessees due to non-payment of rentals. Practical implications The rent regulations should be reviewed in order to create a fair legal system that protects the rights of both the lessors and lessees in Zimbabwe. Originality/value The perpetual decline of the economy in Zimbabwe has crippled lessees’ ability to pay rentals. Yet, it has also become intricate to evict defaulting lessees thereby causing loss of income to rental housing investors. Thus, the paper challenges the protracted eviction processes in the real property industry that have prejudiced property owners and scared away potential rental housing investors that are greatly needed to boost the rental market.
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Ou, Hsien-Wang. „Watermass Properties of the Antarctic Slope Front: A Simple Model*“. Journal of Physical Oceanography 37, Nr. 1 (01.01.2007): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2981.1.
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Abstract In the Antarctic, dense shelf water is formed in coastal polynyas and is differentiated from the fresher surface water by the wind-induced ice motion that displaces offshore the ice melt from production zones. Where the shelf water discharges into the deep ocean, the Antarctic Slope Front (ASF) is V shaped, separating the shelf and surface waters (referred to as “frontal” waters) from the Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW). To elucidate basic constraints on frontal properties, a minimal model of homogeneous water masses forced by offshore wind and freshwater input in a perpetual winter is considered. With the surface water stirred by—and hence aligned with—the ice cover, there is little leakage of ice or meltwater from the frontal system, so ice production and melt merely redistribute heat and salt between frontal waters. As such, the heat loss to the atmosphere needs to be supplied by entraining CDW, which then necessitates the shelf water discharge on account of the mass balance. Because of the freshwater input, the discharged shelf water may not be saltier than the CDW, which thus may descend the slope to form bottom water only because of its coldness. With both frontal waters cooled to the freezing point, dominant balances are formulated to determine their salinity and exchange rate with the ambient CDW. Although extremely crude, the model derivations are favorably compared with observations, which thus may provide physically based parameterizations for the bottom-water formation that can be incorporated into global models.
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RASNICK, David, und Peter H. DUESBERG. „How aneuploidy affects metabolic control and causes cancer“. Biochemical Journal 340, Nr. 3 (08.06.1999): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3400621.
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The complexity and diversity of cancer-specific phenotypes, including de-differentiation, invasiveness, metastasis, abnormal morphology and metabolism, genetic instability and progression to malignancy, have so far eluded explanation by a simple, coherent hypothesis. However, an adaptation of Metabolic Control Analysis supports the 100-year-old hypothesis that aneuploidy, an abnormal number of chromosomes, is the cause of cancer. The results demonstrate the currently counter-intuitive principle that it is the fraction of the genome undergoing differential expression, not the magnitude of the differential expression, that controls phenotypic transformation. Transforming the robust normal phenotype into cancer requires a twofold increase in the expression of thousands of normal gene products. The massive change in gene dose produces highly non-linear (i.e. qualitative) changes in the physiology and metabolism of cells and tissues. Since aneuploidy disrupts the natural balance of mitosis proteins, it also explains the notorious genetic instability of cancer cells as a consequence of the perpetual regrouping of chromosomes. In view of this and the existence of non-cancerous aneuploidy, we propose that cancer is the phenotype of cells above a certain threshold of aneuploidy. This threshold is reached either by the gradual, stepwise increase in the level of aneuploidy as a consequence of the autocatalysed genetic instability of aneuploid cells or by tetraploidization followed by a gradual loss of chromosomes. Thus the initiation step of carcinogenesis produces aneuploidy below the threshold for cancer, and the promotion step increases the level of aneuploidy above this threshold. We conclude that aneuploidy offers a simple and coherent explanation for all the cancer-specific phenotypes. Accordingly, the gross biochemical abnormalities, abnormal cellular size and morphology, the appearance of tumour-associated antigens, the high levels of secreted proteins responsible for invasiveness and loss of contact inhibition, and even the daunting genetic instability that enables cancer cells to evade chemotherapy, are all the natural consequence of the massive over- and under-expression of proteins.
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Ridolfi, Ruggero, Massimo Guidoboni und Laura Ridolfi. „Cancer immunoediting and dioxin-activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a missing link in the shift toward tumor immunoescape?“ Journal of Nucleic Acids Investigation 1, Nr. 1 (19.05.2010): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jnai.2010.1724.
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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a member of the PAS protein family, is found in organisms as diverse as Drosophila melanogaster, nematodes, and mammals. While several reviews have reported that AhR, once activated by agonist ligands, causes long-term effects such as modification of cell growth through cell cycle control, there is also recent evidence of its decisive role in immunosuppression. The most widely studied AhR agonist is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, which binds AhR with the highest known affinity, leading to profound suppression of both humoral and cellular immune responses, with praecox thymus involution, consequent thymocyte loss, and induction of T-cell apoptosis. Dioxin-AhR binding causes a decline in the number of dendritic cells and enhances apoptosis following their inappropriate activation. Dioxin-mediated activation of AhR also has a direct influence on the expansion of regulatory T-cells CD4+CD25+ FoxP3+ (T-regs) and an adverse affect on CD8+ T-cell responses. Dioxin released from industrial and waste incinerators over the last few decades has caused widespread contamination of food, leading to its accumulation in fatty tissue in animals and humans. The elimination half-life of dioxin in humans (7-10 years) may favor the potentially continuous and long-lasting activation of AhR, leading to perpetual immune suppression and facilitating the onset, growth, and diffusion of tumors, especially in young people. In the cancer immunoediting hypothesis, which subdivides the relationship between tumor and immune system into three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape, it is thought that dioxin accumulation may cause an inevitable shift toward tumor escape.
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Cataldo, Eleonora, Maddalena Fucile und Giovan Battista Mattii. „A Review: Soil Management, Sustainable Strategies and Approaches to Improve the Quality of Modern Viticulture“. Agronomy 11, Nr. 11 (21.11.2021): 2359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112359.
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Conservative and sustainable soil management in vineyards is an approach of primary importance not only for the yield (tons per hectare) and grapes’ quality (primary and secondary metabolites), but also for the greater preservation of the ecosystem. Compared to sustained-conventional tillage and perpetual applications of fertilizers and phytopharmaceutical, these techniques give a primary role for safeguarding biodiversity, conserving soil fertility, and keeping vegetative–productive balance. The soil and, consequently, the wine production are in fact an intimate ecosystem jeopardized not only by a reckless approach by man (technical input, such as pesticides, fuel, fertilizers, and herbicides, are estimated to be responsible for 24% of anthropogenic greenhouse gases emissions), but also by climate change, as rising summer temperatures and reduced precipitation leads to production declines and water shortages in the soil. In fact, there are several risks associated with unbalanced soil management, such as compaction, pollution, soil erosion, soil organic matter (SOM) depletion, and loss of biodiversity, that lead to a drop in grape quality and quantity. In this context, soil management in viticulture and sustainable strategies assume greater significance to improve the quality of modern viticulture. This review aims to highlight new agronomic techniques capable of enhancing the resilience of the system and contributing to conservation and ecosystem services provision, especially as wine consumers increasingly appreciate environmentally friendly farming practices. In particular, the review aims to focus the positive implications and repercussions as a result of these practices (e.g., compost, vermicompost, biochar, Ascophyllum nodosum, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Trichoderma, zeolite, partial root drying, cover cropping, and mulching).