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Thematische Bibliographien / Produits industriels – Toxicologie

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Produits industriels – Toxicologie“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 9. November 2023

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Produits industriels – Toxicologie"

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Lanone, Sophie, und Jorge Boczkowski. „Les nanomatériaux sont-ils dangereux pour notre santé ?“ Questions de santé publique, Nr. 10 (September 2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/qsp/2010010.

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Les nanotechnologies produisent des matériaux à l’échelle du nanomètre appelés nanomatériaux. Les nanomatériaux ont des propriétés spécifiques, très intéressantes d’un point de vue industriel, ce qui explique leur production et leur utilisation croissantes dans des produits de consommation courante, et en particulier dans des produits d’hygiène personnelle. Cependant, des inquiétudes s’expriment concernant leur potentielle toxicité pour la santé humaine. Dans cet article, nous proposons une synthèse des connaissances actuelles concernant les effets des nanomatériaux sur la santé. Devant le champ quasi-vierge de ces connaissances, il apparaît urgent, d’une part, de développer les recherches en toxicologie sur ces nouveaux matériaux et, d’autre part, de disposer d’informations de la part des producteurs de nanomatériaux pour pouvoir mesurer les niveaux d’exposition des personnes qui les manipulent. Ceci est un préalable à la mise en place de mesures de précaution sanitaire appropriées, si cela s’avère nécessaire.

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Stagg, Nicola J., Hanan N. Ghantous, Gregory S. Ladics, Robert V. House, Steven M. Gendel und Kenneth L. Hastings. „Workshop Proceedings“. International Journal of Toxicology 32, Nr. 1 (Januar 2013): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581812471864.

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A workshop entitled “Challenges and Opportunities in Evaluating Protein Allergenicity across Biotechnology Industries” was held at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT) in San Francisco, California. The workshop was sponsored by the Biotechnology Specialty Section of SOT and was designed to present the science-based approaches used in biotechnology industries to evaluate and regulate protein allergenicity. A panel of experts from industry and government highlighted the allergenicity testing requirements and research in the agricultural, pharmaceutical/biopharma, and vaccine biotechnology industries and addressed challenges and opportunities for advancing the science of protein allergenicity. The main learning from the workshop was that immunoglobulin E-mediated allergenicity of biotechnology-derived products is difficult to assess without human data. The approaches currently being used to evaluate potential for allergenicity across biotechnology industries are very different and range from bioinformatics, in vitro serology, in vivo animal testing, in vitro and in vivo functional assays, and “biosimilar” assessments (ie, biotherapeutic equivalents to innovator products). The challenge remains with regard to the different or lack of regulatory requirements for allergenicity testing across industries, but the novel approaches being used with bioinformatics and biosimilars may lead to opportunities in the future to collaborate across biotechnology industries.

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Wiart, Christophe, Afsana Amin Shorna, Mohammed Rahmatullah, Veeranoot Nissapatorn, Jaya Seelan Sathya Seelan, Homathevi Rahman, Nor Azizun Rusdi, Nazirah Mustaffa, Layane Elbehairy und Mazdida Sulaiman. „The Garlic Tree of Borneo, Scorodocarpus borneensis (Baill.) Becc. (Olacaceae): Potential Utilization in Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical, and Functional Cosmetic Industries“. Molecules 28, Nr. 15 (28.07.2023): 5717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155717.

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Scorodocarpus borneensis (Baill.) Becc. is attracting increased attention as a potential commercial medicinal plant product in Southeast Asia. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the taxonomy, habitat, distribution, medicinal uses, natural products, pharmacology, toxicology, and potential utilization of S. borneesis in the pharmaceutical/nutraceutical/functional cosmetic industries. All data in this review were compiled from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, ChemSpider, PubChem, and a library search from 1866 to 2022. A total of 33 natural products have been identified, of which 11 were organosulfur compounds. The main organosulfur compound in the seeds is bis-(methylthiomethyl)disulfide, which inhibited the growth of a broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi, T-lymphoblastic leukemia cells, as well as platelet aggregation. Organic extracts evoked anti-microbial, cytotoxic, anti-free radical, and termiticidal effects. S. borneensis and its natural products have important and potentially patentable pharmacological properties. In particular, the seeds have the potential to be used as a source of food preservatives, antiseptics, or termiticides. However, there is a need to establish acute and chronic toxicity, to examine in vivo pharmacological effects and to perform clinical studies.

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Prior, Helen, Thomas Monticello, Virginie Boulifard, Frank R. Brennan und Ian Kimber. „Integration of Consortia Recommendations for Justification of Animal Use Within Current and Future Drug Development Paradigms“. International Journal of Toxicology 38, Nr. 4 (20.06.2019): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581819852922.

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The pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries continually review the requirements for, and relevance of, safety assessment strategies. Various industry consortia are currently discussing and reviewing data on a range of topics with respect to regulatory toxicology programs. These consortia are charged with critical evaluation of data and the identification of opportunities to promote best practice and to introduce improved approaches to safety assessment. Such improvements may include enhanced predictivity, more efficient ways of working, and opportunities for promoting and implementing the 3Rs (replacement, refinement, or reduction). As each consortium is considering a distinct question, individual outputs and recommendations could be perceived to be conflicting. However, a common theme embraced by the consortia represented here is exploration of the most appropriate use of animals for the safety assessment of new medicinal products. This short review summarizes presentations and discussions from a symposium describing the work of four industry consortia and considers whether their recommendations can be aligned into realistic approaches to improve future toxicology testing strategies, highlighting justification for the appropriate use of different animal species and opportunities for reductions in animal use without compromising patient safety.

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Zhang, Z. Y., Y. L. Zhao und Z. F. Chai. „Nuclear analytical techniques for nanotoxicology studies“. Proceedings in Radiochemistry 1, Nr. 1 (01.09.2011): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/rcpr.2011.0061.

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Abstract With the rapid development of nanotechnology and its applications, a wide variety of nanomaterials are now used in commodities, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, biomedical products, and industries. The potential interactions of nanomaterials with living systems and the environment have attracted increasing attention from the public, as well as from manufacturers of nanomaterial-based products, academic researchers and policymakers. It is important to consider the environmental, health and safety aspects at an early stage of nanomaterial development and application in order to more effectively identify and manage potential human and environmental health impacts from nanomaterial exposure. This will require research in a range of areas, including detection and characterization, environmental fate and transport, ecotoxicolgy and toxicology. Nuclear analytical techniques (NATs) can play an important role in such studies due to their intrinsic merits such as high sensitivity, good accuracy, high space resolution, ability to distinguish the endogenous or exogenous sources of materials, and ability of in situ and in vivo analysis. In this paper, the applications of NATs in nanotoxicological and nanoecotoxicological studies are outlined, and some recent results obtained in our laboratory are reported.

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Mastanjević, Kristina, Jasmina Lukinac, Marko Jukić, Bojan Šarkanj, Vinko Krstanović und Krešimir Mastanjević. „Multi-(myco)toxins in Malting and Brewing By-Products“. Toxins 11, Nr. 1 (09.01.2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11010030.

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Fungi, yeasts, and bacteria are common microorganisms on cereals used in malting and brewing industries. These microorganisms are mostly associated with the safety and quality of malt and beer, but also with the health safety of by-products used in animal nutrition. The real problem is their harmful metabolites—toxins that, due to their thermostable properties, can easily be transferred to malting and brewing by-products. Besides fungal metabolites, other toxins originating from plants can be harmful to animal health. Precise and accurate analytical techniques broadened the spectrum of known toxins originating from microorganisms and plants that can pose a threat to animal health. Multi-(myco)toxin analyses are advanced and useful tools for the assessment of product safety, and legislation should follow up and make some important changes to regulate yet unregulated, but highly occurring, microbial and plant toxins in malting and brewing by-products used for animal feed.

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Dasari, Sreenivasulu, Muni Swamy Ganjayi und Balaji Meriga. „Glutathione S-transferase is a good biomarker in acrylamide induced neurotoxicity and genotoxicity“. Interdisciplinary Toxicology 11, Nr. 2 (01.08.2018): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intox-2018-0007.

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Abstract Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are major defence enzymes of the antioxidant enzymatic system. Cytosolic GSTs are more involved in the detoxification than mitochondrial and microsomal GSTs. GSTs are localized in the cerebellum and hippocampus of the rat brain. Acrylamide (AC) is a well assessed neurotoxin of both animals and humans and it produces skeletal muscle weakness and ataxia. AC is extensively used in several industries such as cosmetic, paper, textile, in ore processing, as soil conditioners, flocculants for waste water treatment and it is present in daily consumed food products, like potato chips, French fries, bread, breakfast cereals and beverages like coffee; it is detected on tobacco smoking. GST acts as a biomarker in response to acrylamide. AC can interact with DNA and therefore generate mutations. In rats, low level expression of glutathione S-trasferase (GST) decreases both memory and life span. The major aim of this review is to provide better information on the antioxidant role of GST against AC induced neurotoxicity and genotoxicity.

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Zhou, Hangyu, Jing Zhao, Aitao Li und Manfred T. Reetz. „Chemical and Biocatalytic Routes to Arbutin †“. Molecules 24, Nr. 18 (11.09.2019): 3303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183303.

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Arbutin (also called β-arbutin) is a natural product occurring in the leaves of a variety of different plants, the bearberries of the Ericaceae and Saxifragaceae families being prominent examples. It is a β-glucoside derived from hydroquinone (HQ; 1,4-dihydroxybenzene). Arbutin has been identified in traditional Chinese folk medicines as having, inter alia, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties that useful in the treatment of different ailments including urinary diseases. Today, it is also used worldwide for the treatment of skin ailments by way of depigmenting, which means that arbutin is a component of many products in the cosmetics and healthcare industries. It is also relevant in the food industry. Hundreds of publications have appeared describing the isolation, structure determination, toxicology, synthesis, and biological properties of arbutin as well as the molecular mechanism of melanogenesis (tyrosinase inhibition). This review covers the most important aspects with special emphasis on the chemical and biocatalytic methods for the production of arbutin.

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Junaid, Muhammad, Riffat Naseem Malik und De-Sheng Pei. „Health hazards of child labor in the leather products and surgical instrument manufacturing industries of Sialkot, Pakistan“. Environmental Pollution 226 (Juli 2017): 198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.026.

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Fonseca, Sara, Mariana Neves Amaral, Catarina Pinto Reis und Luísa Custódio. „Marine Natural Products as Innovative Cosmetic Ingredients“. Marine Drugs 21, Nr. 3 (08.03.2023): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21030170.

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Over the course of the last 20 years, numerous studies have identified the benefits of an array of marine natural ingredients for cosmetic purposes, as they present unique characteristics not found in terrestrial organisms. Consequently, several marine-based ingredients and bioactive compounds are under development, used or considered for skin care and cosmetics. Despite the multitude of cosmetics based on marine sources, only a small proportion of their full potential has been exploited. Many cosmetic industries have turned their attention to the sea to obtain innovative marine-derived compounds for cosmetics, but further research is needed to determine and elucidate the benefits. This review gathers information on the main biological targets for cosmetic ingredients, different classes of marine natural products of interest for cosmetic applications, and the organisms from which such products can be sourced. Although organisms from different phyla present different and varied bioactivities, the algae phylum seems to be the most promising for cosmetic applications, presenting compounds of many classes. In fact, some of these compounds present higher bioactivities than their commercialized counterparts, demonstrating the potential presented by marine-derived compounds for cosmetic applications (i.e., Mycosporine-like amino acids and terpenoids’ antioxidant activity). This review also summarizes the major challenges and opportunities faced by marine-derived cosmetic ingredients to successfully reach the market. As a future perspective, we consider that fruitful cooperation among academics and cosmetic industries could lead to a more sustainable market through responsible sourcing of ingredients, implementing ecological manufacturing processes, and experimenting with inventive recycling and reuse programs.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Produits industriels – Toxicologie"

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Bechtel, Anne. „Mécanismes d'action des toxiques sur le rein“. Strasbourg 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR10604.

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Caillé-Damerval, Martine. „Contribution des hépatocytes isolés de rat à la validation d'une révélation des dénaturations de l'ADN : application aux produits chimiques industriels“. Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114831.

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Sanchez, Clovis. „Avaliação da disponibilidade de informações toxicológicas de produtos químicos utilizados no Brasil“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9137/tde-18052015-124105/.

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Durante o ciclo de vida dos produtos químicos, é possível que estes sejam lançados no ambiente ou ainda que sejam absorvidos por indivíduos de uma população, podendo ocorrer danos ambientais ou alterações no estado de saúde desses indivíduos expostos. Por haver a possibilidade de riscos à saúde é imprescindível investigá-los nas diversas situações possíveis de exposição, a fim de estabelecer, quando necessário, medidas preventivas ou emergenciais, visando a proteção da população e das demais espécies presentes nos compartimentos ambientais. Um dos requisitos básicos para o processo de avaliação de risco é a identificação dos perigos que os produtos químicos podem oferecer à saúde devido suas propriedades químicas e fisico-químicas. Este estudo teve como finalidade realizar um levantamento sobre a existência de informações relativas à toxicidade e comportamento no ambiente de produtos químicos fabricados, importados e ou com capacidade de produção no Brasil maior que 500 toneladas por ano, os quais não estão sendo objeto de investigação nos principais programas atualmente existentes no mundo destinados à avaliação de risco de substâncias químicas. O método proposto por este estudo possibilitou uma análise crítica da falta de informação sobre dados de produção ou importação de produtos químicos utilizados no Brasil, além de possibilitar o levantamento sobre a existência de informações toxicológicas para produtos químicos fabricados em larga escala no país. Como resultado, foi constatado que apenas 3,9 % de 461 produtos químicos possuem as informações necessárias para o processo de avaliação inicial de risco.
Chemical products during their life cycle may be absorbed by individuals of the population, consequent1y causing environmental damage or interfering in the health of the exposed individuals. Due to the possibility of health risks, it is imperative to evaluate these risks in all possible situations. If needed, prevention and emergency measures, aiming at protecting the population and the species present in the environment, should be established. A basic requirement for risk assessment is the hazard presented to health by chemical products due to their physic-chemical properties. The objective of this paper was to raise the available data related to the toxicity and the impact on the environment of high volume chemicals manufactured, imported or with a production capacity in Brazil greater than 500 t/year, that are not included in the major world programs of risk assessment. The methodology used in this paper enabled a critical analysis of the lack of data on production or imports of chemicals used in Brazil, in addition to the screening of toxicological information for high production volume chemicals produced in Brazil. As a result, it was found that only 3,9% of the 461 chemicals have the information required for a initial risk assessment.

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Bendaoud, Latifa. „Micromycètes et lixiviats de décharges industrielles“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE18006.

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Gorand, Olivier. „Création d'une base de données informatique de toxicologie industrielle dans la centrale nucléaire du Blayais“. Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR23069.

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Bollou, Pohe Mélanie Patricia. „Importance de l'assurance qualité dans un établissement d'investigation clinique en cosmétologie“. Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P086.

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Mutingwende, Nhamo. „Identification of agricultural and industrial pollutants in the Kat River, Eastern Cape and their effect on agricultural products found along the river banks“. Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1020242.

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There is growing concern that commonly used Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) and pesticides are entering and contaminating drinking water supplies. The use of targeted quantitation of PPCP has been well established but there is an emerging trend to also screen for and identify unexpected environmental pollutants. Chemicals like pesticides hormones and antibiotics are especially of interest because of proven endocrine disrupting effects and a possible development of bacterial resistance. Powerful screening methods are required to detect and quantify the presence of these compounds in our environment. PPCP encompass a wide range of pollutants, including Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDC), pesticides, hormones, antibiotics, drugs of abuse, x-ray contrast agents and drinking water disinfection by-products to name a few. In order to properly assess the effects of these compounds on our environment, it is necessary to accurately monitor their presence. The diversity of chemical properties of these compounds makes method development challenging. LC/MS/MS is able to analyse polar, semi-volatile, and thermally labile compounds covering a wide molecular weight range. The new AB SCIEX TripleTOF™5600 LC/MS/MS was used to profile environmental samples for unexpected pollutants, to identify and characterise the chemical composition and structure of the pollutants, and to quantify (based on intensity) the concentration in collected water samples. Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry (LCMS/ MS) is able to analyse polar, semi-volatile, and thermally labile compounds covering a wide molecular weight range, such as pesticides, antibiotics, drugs of abuse, x-ray contrast agents, drinking water disinfection by-products etc. More recently there is a growing interest from environmental researchers to also screen for and identify non-targeted compounds in environmental samples, including metabolites and degradates, but also completely unexpected pollutants. The new AB SCIEX TripleTOF™5600 LC/MS/MS system is capable of performing highly sensitive and fast MS scanning experiments to search for unknown molecular ions while also performing selective and characteristic MS/MS scanning for further compound identification and, therefore, is the instrument of choice for this challenging task. General unknown screening workflows do not use a target analyte list and compound detection is not based on any prior knowledge, including retention times and information on possible molecular and fragment ions. Therefore, acquired chromatograms are very rich in information and can easily contain thousands of ions from both any compounds present in the sample as well as from the sample matrix itself. Thus, powerful software tools are needed to explore such data to identify the unexpected compound. Water samples were collected both upstream and downstream of two WWTPs (Seymour and Fort Beaufort) and were directly injected on the AB SCIEX TripleTOF™5600 LC/MS/MS after being filtered. 15 sample points along the Kat River, ranging from a point as close to the source as possible to a point just before it joins the Great Fish River were used. The samples collected from the source were used as the control in each of the experiments, the assumption being the closer you get to the source, the less contaminated the water would be for the analysis of pesticides. Points were selected where the Kat River crosses the R67 or on farms where the river was accessible using farm roads. Samples were collected from October 2013 to November 2014.The Peak view software and Analyst software were used in the analysis of PPCPs. The XIC Manager allows you to manage large lists of compounds and perform automatic extracted ion chromatogram (XIC) calculations and review results operations. The results were displayed in the chromatogram pane and the XIC table (see results). The results reported here in this thesis indicate that there is contamination in the Kat River water due to both pesticides and PPCPs. The results also indicate that the food products are also contaminated and hence both the Kat River agricultural produce and its water need to be closely monitored for both pesticide and PPCPs contaminants. Further studies to investigate the quantitative levels of pesticides and PPCPs in the Kat river water to determine if the concentration levels of the detected pesticides are below the reported Maximum Residues Limits will be explored in the future.

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Moller, Vanessa Maraschin. „Avaliação da toxicidade sistêmica e reprodutiva dos antiparasitários à base de ivermectina e de lufenurona em ratas wistar“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3902.

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Avaliou-se a segurança do produto Ivomec® injetável, um endectocida à base de ivermectina, no período de prenhez das ratas Wistar, a fim de verificar possíveis efeitos teratogênicos. As ratas foram tratadas com 0, 4 e 12mg.kg-1 de ivermectina, por via SC, no 6º dia de prenhez. Os resultados revelaram não haver sinais de toxicidade sistêmica e reprodutiva, fundamentados na ausência de alterações no desenvolvimento ponderal, nos consumos de água e de ração, na massa relativa e exame histopatológico dos órgãos das ratas, nas reabsorções embrionárias, na massa corporal, na vitalidade, no número de fetos por progenitora e nas alterações macroscópicas externas e esqueléticas dos fetos. Conclui-se que o medicamento Ivomec® injetável é seguro para as ratas prenhes e aos fetos, quando administrado, em dose única, no início da de organogênese. Avaliou-se também, a segurança do produto Program® suspensão, ectocida à base de lufenurona, nos períodos de prenhez e lactação de ratas Wistar, a fim de verificar possíveis efeitos pré e pós-natal. As ratas foram tratadas com 0, 180 e 600mg.kg-1 de lufenurona, por VO, no 1º dia de prenhez e no 1º dia de lactação. Os resultados revelaram ausência de toxicidade sistêmica e reprodutiva nas variáveis avaliadas, assim como as progênies das mesmas não manifestaram alterações no desenvolvimento geral e sexual até 50 dias de vida. Conclui-se que o medicamento Program® suspensão é seguro para as ratas prenhes e lactantes em dosagens de até 600mg.kg-1 de lufenurona, por VO, no 1º dia de prenhez e no 1º dia de lactação. Avaliou-se também a hepatotoxicidade provocada pela lufenurona, comparando-a com uma substância reconhecidamente hepatotóxica, o tetracloreto de carbono (CCl4), em dois tempos diferentes (24 e 72 horas). As ratas foram tratadas com água destilada, 600mg.kg-1 de lufenurona e 1,98g.kg-1 de CCl4, por VO, em dose única. Os resultados revelaram que a lufenurona apresentou agressão hepática, caracterizada pela elevação da atividade da ALT, sem alteração do parênquima hepático, no ensaio 72h e provocou um aumento da massa relativa da adrenal direita com tumefação de córtex no ensaio 24h. Já o CCl4, conforme esperado, apresentou queda do desenvolvimento ponderal e dos consumos, acentuada elevação da atividade da ALT, com degeneração gordurosa hepática, além de degeneração hidrópica renal e congestão de baço e adrenais. Conclui-se que a lufenurona (Program® suspensão) provocou agressão hepática e aumento da massa relativa da adrenal direita.

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David, Françoise. „Etude des GGT et transaminases chez une cohorte de peintres en aéronautique exposés aux solvants“. Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M001.

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Del, Fava Joe͏̈lle. „Spéciation des métaux dans les ordures ménagères et leur produit de traitement par digestion anaérobie“. Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20130.

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L'etude de la speciation des metaux dans les ordures menageres et le digestat a ete realisee par fractionnement physique et extractions chimiques menagees. Les methodes physiques tendent a prouver que la methanisation entraine un enrichissement en metaux des particules fines. La speciation par extractions sequentielles traduit un transfert de cd pb zn et cu retenus sous des formes solubilisables a ph 5 ou ph 2 dans les dechets urbains, vers des formes sulfures, carbonates et des liaisons du type acides faibles avec les matieres organiques. Cu est le metal le plus complexe, aux matieres organiques du methanisat. Cd et pb etant concentres en 100% dans les fractions fines de digestat, l'elimination physique des metaux n'est pas envisageable. La fermentation en batchs de digestat dopes en sulfates montre qu'une action chimique au sein du digesteur est difficile compte tenu de l'activite biologique

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Bücher zum Thema "Produits industriels – Toxicologie"

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1935-, King John Allison, und Boyko Randi, Hrsg. Dangerous properties of industrial and consumer chemicals. New York: M. Dekker, 1994.

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United States. Department of Health and Human Services und Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.), Hrsg. NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards. [Cincinnati, Ohio]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007.

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1927-, Hess Robert, Thomas Helmut 1951- und Waechter Felix, Hrsg. Toxicology of industrial compounds. London: Taylor & Francis, 1995.

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Chasing molecules: Poisonous products, human health, and the promise of green chemistry. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010.

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Simmons, H. Leslie. Building materials: Dangerous properties of products in MasterFormat divisions 7 and 9. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1997.

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Grossman, Elizabeth. Chasing molecules: Poisonous products, human health, and the promise of green chemistry. Washington, DC: Island Press/Shearwater Books, 2009.

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Biggs, David. Characteristics of people working with chemical products in small firms. Sudbury: HSE Books, 2000.

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Islam, Rafiqul. Natural and processed substances: Production, uses, and effects. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Gail, Ouellette, und Fédération du Québec pour le planning des naissances., Hrsg. Fertilité et milieux de travail. [s.l: s.n.], 1997.

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Butrica, Andrew J. Out of thin air: A history of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 1940-1990. New York: Praeger, 1990.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Produits industriels – Toxicologie"

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Plumlee, Konnie H. „Household and Industrial Products“. In Clinical Veterinary Toxicology, 139–76. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-32-301125-x/50023-6.

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„Air Pollution“. In Environmental Toxicology, herausgegeben von Sigmund F. Zakrzewski. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148114.003.0014.

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It is somewhat artificial to consider air, water, and soil pollution separately because their effects are interchangeable. Chemicals emitted into the air eventually combine with rain or snow and settle down to become water and land pollutants. On the other hand, volatile chemicals from soil or those that enter lakes and rivers evaporate to become air pollutants. Pesticides sprayed on land are carried by the wind to become transient air pollutants that eventually settle somewhere on land or water. For discussion purposes, however, some systematic division appears to be advisable. Although the problems of air pollution have been recognized for many decades, they were once considered to be only of local significance, restricted to industrial urban areas. With the current recognition of the destruction of stratospheric ozone, the greenhouse effect, worldwide forest destruction, and the acidification of lakes and coastal waters, air pollution assumes global significance. The sources of urban air pollution are . power generation . transportation . industry, manufacturing, and processing . residential heating . waste incineration Except for waste incineration, all of these pollution sources depend on fossil fuel and, to a lesser degree, on fuel from renewable resources such as plant material. Therefore, all of them produce essentially the same pollutants, although the quantity of each substance may vary from source to source. The principal incineration-generated pollutants are carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), a mixture of nitrogen oxides (NOx), a mixture of hydrocarbons, referred to as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), suspended particulate matter (SPM) of varying sizes, and metals, mostly bound to particles. Waste incineration, in addition, produces some chlorinated dioxins and furans that are formed on combustion of chlorine-containing organic substances Most of these air pollutants originate from geophysical, biological, and atmospheric sources. Their contribution to total air pollution is globally significant. This fact should not lead us into complacency about anthropogenic air pollution. In nature, a steady state has been established between emission and disposition of biogenic pollutants. Life on earth developed in harmony with these external influences.

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„Risk Assessment“. In Environmental Toxicology, herausgegeben von Sigmund F. Zakrzewski. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148114.003.0012.

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The purpose of risk assessment is estimation of the severity of harmful effects to human health and the environment that may result from exposure to chemicals present in the environment. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) procedure of risk assessment, whether related to human health or to the environment, involves four steps: 1. hazard assessment 2. dose–response assessment 3. exposure assessment 4. risk characterization The quantity of chemicals in use today is staggering. According to the data compiled by Hodgson and Guthrie in 1980 (1), there were then 1500 active ingredients of pesticides, 4000 active ingredients of therapeutic drugs, 2000 drug additives to improve stability, 2500 food additives with nutritional value, 3000 food additives to promote product life, and 50,000 additional chemicals in common use. Considering the growth of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, these amounts must now be considerably larger. Past experience has shown that some of these chemicals, although not toxic unless ingested in large quantities, may be mutagenic and carcinogenic with chronic exposure to minute doses, or may interfere with the reproductive or immune systems of humans and animals. To protect human health it is necessary to determine that compounds to which people are exposed daily or periodically in their daily lives (such as cosmetics, foods, and pesticides) will not cause harm upon long-term exposure. The discussion in this chapter will focus primarly on carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, but also endocrine disrupters will be considered. The carcinogenicity of some chemicals was established through epidemiological studies. However, because of the long latency period of cancer, epidemiological studies require many years before any conclusions can be reached. In addition, they are very expensive. Another method that could be used is bioassay in animals. Such bioassays, although quite useful in predicting human cancer hazard, may take as long as 2 years or more and require at least 600 animals per assay. This method is also too costly in terms of time and money to be considered for large-scale screening. For these reasons an inexpensive, short-term assay system is needed for preliminary evaluation of potential mutagens and carcinogens.

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„Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Within the NTP Carcinogenesis Testing Program, a cancer bioassay is a two-sex, two-species, lifetime study of experimental animals, usually rats and mice; beginning at weaning, ending 104 weeks after initiation, and using multiple dose levels of the chemical being tested. This bioassay used to determine if a chemical causes cancer, and if it produces damaging effects on certain organ systems: liver, lung, kidney, endocrine systems, etc. The study of a single compound expensive, costing about five hundred thousand dollars, and takes up to five years to complete. The National Toxicology Program publishes a technical report upon completion of a bioassay and review of the results by an indepen-dent Board of Scientific Counselors. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Program The National Toxicology Program has a program to assess the effects of chemicals on reproductive function and development. Structural teratology testing (the testing of chemicals to determine if they produce malformations) was begun in FY79. Eight to ten chemicals are tested for teratogenic effects annually. Fetuses are examined at two different levels: gross, readily apparent malformations are noted; and 2) histopathological examinations are conducted to pinpoint less readily apparent, microscopic malformations. Selected priority chemicals are also screened to determine potential reproductive hazard through germ-cell mutations. C. Genetic Toxicology Program The Genetic Toxicology Program tests chemicals for mutagenici-ty, validates existing test systems and develops new short-term test methods. The mutagenicity testing program divided into three phases. Phase I involves Salmonella mutagenicity assays and mammalian cell cultures. Phase II includes Drosophila systems. Phase III utilizes in vivo mammalian assays. All chemicals selected for general toxicology and lifetime bioassays are tested first using the Salmonella mutagenesis“. In Dangerous Properties of Industrial and Consumer Chemicals, 16. CRC Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482293500-9.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Produits industriels – Toxicologie"

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A. A., Belov, A. V. Deryugina und M. N. Ivashchenko. „CORRECTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL STRESS BY LOW-INTENSITY LASER RADIATION“. In "International Scientific and Practical Conference" THEORY AND PRACTICE OF VETERINARY PHARMACY, ECOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY IN AIC ", dedicated to the centenary of the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, SPbSUVM. FSBEI HE St. Petersburg SUVM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/3006-2021-2-24-25.

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Intensive industrial technologies in animal husbandry lead to an increase in cases of stress and metabolic disorders, which affects the quality of dairy and meat products. It is important to increase the resistance of animals to environmental factors by non-drug methods. The aim of the work is to study the effect of technological stress and low-intensity laser radiation at the cell level.

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