Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Projectiles – Conception technique“

This article argues for a neural basis behind Edgar Allen Poe’s ‘Poetic Principle’ and Charles Olson’s ‘Projective Verse’ to create a more robust cross-disciplinary aesthetic model. Brian Boyd and Ellen Dissanayake show that ‘attention’ and ‘making new’ in poetry is a stable but evolving technique. This shows up in constant variation in ‘classic’ and ‘modern’ poetry and it forms a pattern for interpretation. This article will look at Poe’s and Olson’s essays in relation to this technique, steering their conclusions toward a partially naturalized conception of poetics in conjunction with more standard literary models in order to broaden aesthetic understanding.

Psychotherapy issues for religiously committed clients have been explored in several recent books and articles. While these works have focused on adults, little has been written on the therapy issues of religiously committed children. Emerging research suggests that children's conceptions of God are quite different than that of adults. Moreover, due to their concrete thinking, children often find it hard to grasp theological foundations to the Christian faith (e.g., salvation by grace) that adults typically assimilate into their world view. While children generally learn of God's grace and mercy in Sunday school, it has been found that some of them nonetheless struggle deeply with issues of guilt and shame. It has been well documented that children do not have the same cognitive and language abilities as adults, and therefore require considerably different modes of psychotherapy. For latency aged and younger children, play therapy is often the treatment of choice. This article will present a case study of a Christian child who participated in a projective assessment and play therapy for healing of shame and guilt issues.

Abstract This research studied the effectiveness of the simulation-based learning assisted with scaffolding approach to address students’ misconceptions (MCs) about projectile motion. The five MCs were related to the direction of the force acting on an object (MC1), the acceleration of an object at the top of the trajectory (MC2), the directions of velocity and acceleration during projectile motion (MC3), the time of flight of objects (MC4), and the relationship between the range of projectile motion and angle of projection (MC5). This study was a pre-experimental design using both quantitative and qualitative data. The sample comprised 35 tenth-grade Thai high school students who were chosen using the cluster sampling technique. The teaching method consisted of three steps: a briefing, simulation, and debriefing. Each step was assisted with scaffolding to guide and help the students. The MCs tests consisted of five multiple-choice questions with a four-tier diagnostic test, and the tests were used as a pre-test, end-of-class test, and end-of-topic test. Six semi-structured interview questions were used to obtain in-depth data. The results indicated that MC1, MC2, MC3, MC4, and MC5 were addressed by 11.1%, 85.7%, 57.2%, 57.2%, and 61.5%, respectively, at the end-of-topic test. Students who had MCs in the pre-test changed their understanding of the concepts in MC2, MC3, MC4, and MC5 by 57.1%, 14.3%, 28.6%, and 53.8%, respectively. None of the MC students in MC1 understood the concept at the end-of-topic test. Nevertheless, the overall results showed increased students’ understanding of all conceptions.

Some argue that the tendency to ignore the self as an aspect of the relationship between architects and their drawings is a consequence of the hegemony of digital modes of representation, others that it is inherent to traditional perspectival and projective techniques. It is in this repressive context that architects struggle to consider their subjectivity in relation to the drawings they produce. This article aims to divert this subjective distance by proposing a method for revealing the unconscious forces that abide between architects and architectural drawings. Through a comparative analysis of this intermediate space with the psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott’s theory of the Transitional Object, the author considers his own relationship to perspective drawing and materializes this through the production of a drawing apparatus titled: the autobiographical hinge. Bilaterally, the conception of this drawing apparatus is founded on examples of visual art practice that challenge the repressive qualities of linear perspective, this includes the work of Penelope Haralambidou (2003); Lawrence Gowing (1965) and Marion Milner (1950). In a time of dissolved agency for the architect, this article presents a method through which to mine one’s own relationship to architectural drawing, through which a disturbance to those codified regimes occurs as a consequence of one’s own subjectivity being recognized.

The general objective of this research, which is part of the Master’s thesis in University Teaching, was to investigate the relationship between the knowledge of teachers of Psychology at the University of Buenos Aires and its possible connection to teaching practices. The specific objectives were: to describe the teaching methods of teachers as they describe them and as they can be interpreted from the analysis of their proposals; to describe and characterize the teachers’ conceptions of knowledge; to describe and characterize their way of emotional connection with knowledge; and to establish possible meaningful connections between teaching modalities, and in particular the forms that knowledge takes within them, and the emotional connections of the teachers with knowledge. Through the analysis of interviews, projective techniques and classroom observations, a series of subjective features of the teachers’ relationship with knowledge were identified, which were related to certain forms related to knowledge transmission in the classroom. We understand this relationship as a recursive one, in which the way of relating to knowledge is transformed with each experience, just as each experience produces updates in the way in which each teacher relates to knowledge. This article will present one of the cases analyzed.

This paper deals with a novel variation of the versatile stochastic duel game that incorporates an energy fuel constraint into a two-player duel game. The energy fuel not only measures the vitality of players but also determines the power of the shooting projectile. The game requires players to carefully balance their energy usage, while trying to outmaneuver their opponent. This unique theoretical framework for the stochastic game model provides a valuable method for understanding strategic behavior in competitive environments, particularly in decision-making scenarios with fluctuating processes. The proposed game provides players with the challenge of optimizing their energy fuel usage, while managing the risk of losing the game. This novel model has potential for implementation across diverse fields, as it allows for a versatile conception of energy fuel. These energy fuels may encompass conventional forms, such as natural gas, petroleum, and electrical power, and even financial budgets, human capital, and temporal resources. The unique rules and constraints of the game in this research are expected to contribute insights into the decision-making strategies and behaviors of players in a wide range of practical applications. This research primarily focuses on deriving compact closed-form solutions, utilizing transformation and flexible analysis techniques adapted to varying the concept of the energy fuel level. By presenting a comprehensive description of our novel analytical approach and its application to the proposed model, this study aims to elucidate the fundamental principles underlying the energy fuel constraint stochastic duel game model.

The article explains the role of extra-musical factors in the creation of the compositions, caused by the action of the art synthesis as a cross-cutting theme of the composer’s creativity in the European tradition. In the academic art, this phenomenon has acquired the status of the program method, which to some extent has directed the listeners’ perceptions. The actualization of the present topic and its predetermined task is to determine the degree of the correlation of the semantics of a new composition to its artistic original, since it is precisely on the “artistic type translation” that both the programmability and the ways of its implementation by means of the performing interpretation depend. The object of the article is the programmability as a condition of the composer’s idea; the subject is the author’s concept of “The Ancient Kiev Frescoes” by A. Stashevsky for the accordion, implemented in the genre-stylistic system of the individual and national-musical thinking. The purpose of the article is to identify the genre-stylistic factors of the author’s conception of the selected composition, which reflects the sound-poetic ideas about the ancient history of the native land, while forming the national memory of the modern Ukrainian. Analysis of the recent publications on the research topic. Among the fundamental works devoted to programmability, we should point out the works by V. Konen, which trace the tendency to expand the limits of programmability in music at the expense of non-musical influences, as well as those by M. Lobanova, who characterizes the synthetic genres (opera, theatre music, ballet, program symphony) in the historical dimension. G. Khutorskaya owing to the introduction of the category “interspecific translation” into the scientific circulation explains the means of the synthesis of arts in vocal compositions [5]. The interspecific interaction of the theatre, painting, dance, poetry and literature contributes to the reproduction of the complete picture of the world in music. The material for the development of the problem is the composition for the accordion called “The Ancient Kiev Frescoes” by A. Stashevsky, one of the bright representatives of the modern accordion school of Ukraine. Observing the author’s premieres (in particular, the accordion compositions) in the quality of a professional listener, one can state that his creativity has become an important part of the musical culture of the Slobozhanska Ukraine. As a multifaceted personality – an accordion performer, teacher, composer, and scientist – he embodies new ideas, genre-style models and corresponding techniques of the performing skills in his activities. A comprehensive analysis of the genre stylistics and a personal view of the performance dramaturgy of the interpretation of the program cycle have been given. “The Ancient Kiev Frescoes” by A. Stashevsky (2005), besides the program name, have a genre refinement of the “suite-notebook”, which contains the key to understanding the essence of the stated program. First, the notebook (the album) is holistic, and contains information about interrelated events of a certain era, arranged in a timeline (the linear sequence). Secondly, the pages of the notebook can be represented as the planes where the images are located – the frescoes of St. Sophia Cathedral in Kiev. The most valuable decoration of the cathedral is the mural, which has been preserved for centuries and is an example of the skill and artistic taste of ancient Ukrainians. In general, St. Sophia Cathedral embodies the philosophical credo of the era with its national idea, the expression of the spirituality of the Christian worldview. There are nine parts in the suite-notebook, each with a program title. The author’s idea is realized, on the one hand, through the programmability of the picture type, when the parts of the suite cycle constitute a single composition that is associated with a multi-figured mural (with its mosaic, stained glass). It is impossible to capture it at one glance, so getting acquainted with it implies a consistent arrangement of the fragments of the whole in time. On the other hand, there is a pervasive narrative throughout the cycle: all the parts sound attacca. The pages of the chronicle seem to be expanded in the temporal axis; there is also a general logic of changing the various musical murals that is subordinate to the latent programmability: from “Intrada” to the climax in Part 8 and Part 9 an associate connection (a story line) is established. Programmability-driven musical stylistic contains repetitive segments of the author’s language focused on archaic styling. Because of the singing type of thematism, the ostinato nature and variability of the means of its development, the expanded fret and tonal nature, the mosaic principle of the stringing of the motives, and their combining. In the conclusions it is emphasized that in the program composition for the accordion A. Stashevsky skillfully realized his plan as a projection on historical, musical-performing and picture-everyday images-echo. The incarnation of the ancient history of Kievan Rus by means of the fret-harmonious, texture-timbre and compositional-dramatic means fully presents the author’s conception of the composition – the harmony of a man and history, the updating of the Past, in order to understand one’s own mental foundations, self-awareness in the national cosmos and logo.

1. Extracellular single-unit recording and receptive-field mapping techniques were used to evaluate the response characteristics of trigeminal (V) ganglion cells in unanesthetized, decerebrate, fetal rats between the ages of embryonic (E-) day 15 and E-20 (E-0 is the day of conception). 2. The receptive-field properties of the cells (n = 282) recorded at all of these ages except E-15 were remarkably similar; V primary afferents were generally silent in the absence of peripheral stimulation (94.3%) and gave rapidly adapting responses to innocuous tactile stimuli (97.5%). Rapid response decrements to repeated stimuli were observed in 9 of the 14 cells (64%) tested. 3. None of the cells recorded were activated by either heat or cold. No attempt was made to evaluate responses to noxious mechanical stimuli. 4. Particular attention was paid to neurons whose receptive fields involved mystacial vibrissae follicles. At all ages, neurons were recorded that responded to indentation of the skin at the base of the vibrissae, but vibrissa deflection was not an adequate stimulus for any of the cells tested. At all ages, nearly all (89.0%) of the 127 cells with vibrissa-related receptive fields responded to indentation of one and only one follicle. 5. These results indicate that the response properties (e.g., adaptation characteristics, ability to respond to repeated stimuli) of V primary afferents in fetal rats differ substantially from those of V ganglion cells in adult animals, but that the receptive-field size for these neurons in prenatal rats is, with very rare exceptions, adult-like from the earliest age at which they can be recorded. 6. These results, when considered together with the results of previous retrograde tracing experiments in fetal animals, suggest that the initial projections of V primary afferents to their peripheral targets may be quite accurate.

This article is about a period of technology transfer – the late 1910s and 1920s – when wartime aerial reconnaissance techniques and operations were being adapted to a range of civilian uses, including urban planning, land use analysis, traffic control, tax equalization, and even archaeology. At the center of the discussion is the ‘photomosaic’: a patchwork of overlapping aerial photographs that have been rectified and fit together so as to form a continuous survey of a territory. Initially developed during the First World War to provide coverage of fronts, photomosaic mapping was widely practiced and celebrated during the postwar years as an aid to urban development. The article traces both the refinements in photomosaic technology after the Armistice and the rhetorical means by which the form’s avant-garde wartime reputation was domesticated into an ‘applied realism’ that often effaced its site-specific perspective, its elaborately rectified optics, and the oppositionality of both its military and civilian uses. The article has a broader theoretical aim as well. Classic statements of both structuralist and post-structuralist spatial theory (Barthes and de Certeau are the primary examples here) have produced an ossified geometry wherein the vertical is the axis of paradigm, top-down strategy, and manipulative distance and the horizontal the axis of syntagm, grassroots tactics, and resistant proximities and differences. In its close study of the technology and rhetoric surrounding interwar photogrammetry, the article provides an example of how one might reverse the long-standing misrecognition of high-altitude optics as effacing time, difference, and materiality – and what it might mean to view such optics as, instead, a resource in turning from abstract toward differential conceptions of both aerial photography and our theoretical habits. This turn I call ‘applied modernism’, a term that accesses both the wartime photomosaic’s affiliation with avant-garde painting and its insistence that portraits of the total are always projections from partial, specific vantages.

It is observed that classification of generation, which is frequently applied to analyse a wide range of fields from political analysis to daily life practices, has been situated on a quite problematic ground. Generation issue has either been dealt with the previous generation, more frequently the new generation, or has been discussed at the crossroad of future conception of political or ideological areas. In this study, we aim to analyse the socio-cultural background of generation perception and the differences based on its intellectual conception. We especially intend to scrutinize the reality of current discourses such as a bad generation is emerging, generations are getting alienated to religion, culture and values, and to analyse the perception of generation, a conception upon which these discourses built. Generation perception fed by the tensions produced by socio-cultural differentiation and the anxiety of the next generation resulting from this tensions as a background analyses have been used as a basis both for the expectations of the previous generations from the next generations and the domination they want to establish on them, and for the state policies carried out over the generations. Societies try to shape their future through the strategies they develop over generations. At this point, generational politics and generation perception may include political expectations together with the actual problems arising from a particular period. While future visions produced by the state are understandable and legitimate to a certain extent, the fact that the same monopoly could be observed in the organization of non-governmental organizations and groups shows the problematic dimensions of the concept of generational perception. Relatively utopian and anachronistic discourses in the history of Turkey such as long-awaited generation, Ataturkist youth, Büyük Doğu (Great East) youth, ideal youth construct the foundations of legitimacy through socio-political processes in addition to instrumentalizing social anxiety to produce ideological discourses. The sample of the study, which deals with the perception of generation more problematically on the basis of anxiety and expectation, consists of X and Y religious middle-class residents of Antalya province based on economic and lifestyle. The middle-class concept is grounded on the classical stratification and lifestyle-based epistemological approach to status groups. In the context of the religious middle class, the adjective "religious" was based on the self-declarations of the participants and this usage was preferred due to the central positioning of religion in their daily lives. Having the same cultural capital or lifestyle is actually a factor that narrows the generational differentiation. However, the fact that it is the same group that most objects to generational differentiation can be interpreted as the reason for our conceptualization of generational perception. In the texts written on generation, the following categories are included in general terms: The Silent Generation (before 1946), Baby Boomer Generation (1946-64), Generation X (1965-1979), Generation Y (1980-2000), Gen Z (after 2001). Specific to this study, from field data the categories are as follows: Religious Middle Class Generation X (1965-1980). Transition Period Generation X-Y (1976-1985) and The Last Generation Y (1986-2000). The core of the study, which is based upon qualitative paradigm, is generated by qualitative data techniques, in-depth interview and focus group discussions. The in-depth interview technique based on the semi-structured interview form have been used in the research and the participants have been selected with snowball or chain reference sampling. In this context, in-depth interviews were conducted with 34 people and a focus group study was conducted with 19 people, which means totally 53 participants, who belong to different ages and occupational groups, and define themselves or their family as religious/conservative, have been included in this study as the sample of the study. Upon repetition of the responds, it is thought that the data has reached at the saturating point so data collecting process is ended up. As a result of the data obtained from the field, it seems that it is more important in understanding the issue of the conceptualization of generation perception and its resolution through differentiation rather than conflict. In the study, since it contains current and problematic references, the concept generation is preferred. It has been observed that the Religious Middle Class Generation X gives a lot of space to concepts such as awareness, consciousness and ideal in the analysis of generations, based on the projections of the periods they lived in. It can be stated that the religious generation X-Y of the transition period brought the concern of understanding the generations more to the fore.

Dans de nombreuses applications techniques, l'objectif est d'optimiser les performances d'un système. Pour ce faire, il est nécessaire d'évaluer la sortie du système afin d'analyser la performance obtenue. Cependant, dans plusieurs scénarios concrets, les systèmes sont souvent coûteux à évaluer, rendant la tâche d'optimisation complexe. Pour remédier à ce problème, des modèles basés sur les données sont souvent identifiés afin d'estimer les fonctions objectives coûteuses, associées aux systèmes, puis sont utilisés pour estimer l'optimum. Si de mauvaises performances sont obtenues avec ces modèles, ces derniers doivent être améliorés en les ré-identifiant avec des nouvelles données. En revanche, comme l'évaluation des systèmes est coûteuse, ces données doivent être sélectionnées avec soin. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer des approches qui peuvent être utilisées pour améliorer les modèles identifiés employés dans l'optimisation de la performance des systèmes. Ces approches sont utilisées dans deux applications différentes. La première concerne la conception aérodynamique, où le but est de déterminer les dimensions optimales d'un projectile sur la base de critères associés aux coefficients aérodynamiques. Ces coefficients sont coûteux à obtenir, ainsi, les configurations géométriques du projectile à évaluer, afin de trouver l'optimum, exigent une sélection attentive. Pour ce faire, des approches telles que l'optimisation bayésienne sont généralement utilisées, où un modèle de processus gaussien est utilisé pour représenter la relation statique entre la configuration du projectile et la fonction objective. Dans cette thèse, une procédure similaire à l'optimisation bayésienne, mais où des réseaux de neurones sont utilisés comme modèles à la place des processus gaussiens, est développée, afin de mieux gérer les ensembles de données plus volumineux. Ces deux approches sont utilisées pour résoudre le problème de conception aérodynamique, et il est démontré qu'elles permettent de réduire les coûts associés à l'optimisation. La seconde application concerne le domaine de contrôle et, plus particulièrement, l'identification pour le contrôle. L'accent est mis sur la conception de contrôleurs feed-forward pour des systèmes non linéaires pouvant être représentés par des structures de type Wiener. Plus précisément, il est montré comment un modèle de ces systèmes peut être utilisé pour concevoir le contrôleur. Une procédure d'amélioration itérative du modèle et de re-conception du contrôleur est également introduite dans le cas où le contrôleur initialement conçu ne permet pas d'obtenir des performances optimales. Globalement, les approches développées offrent des solutions efficaces pour minimiser les coûts d'évaluation des systèmes lors des tâches d'optimisation dans diverses applications d'ingénierie
In many engineering applications, the objective is to find the optimum performance of a system. To evaluate the performances, it is necessary to measure the output of the system for given inputs. However, in several real-life scenarios, systems are often expensive to evaluate making it difficult to perform the optimization tasks. To address this issue, data-driven models are often identified to estimate the expensive objective functions, associated with the systems, and are employed to approximate their optimum. If poor performances are obtained using these models, they must be improved by re-identifying them with new data. However, since the systems are expensive to evaluate, the data must be chosen carefully. The aim of this thesis is to develop approaches which can be used to improve identified models employed in system performance optimization. These approaches are applied in two different applications. The first one is the aerodynamic design where the goal is to find the optimum dimensions of a projectile based on criteria associated with aerodynamic coefficients. These coefficients are costly to acquire, hence the projectile geometry configurations to evaluate, to find the optimum, must be selected with care. This is usually achieved using approaches such as Bayesian Optimization where a Gaussian Process model is employed to model the static relationship between the projectile configuration and the objective function. In this thesis, a procedure similar to Bayesian Optimization but where Neural Networks are employed as data-driven models instead of Gaussian Processes is developed, to enable scalability for larger datasets. Both approaches are used to solve the aerodynamic design problem, and it is shown that they allow to reduce the costs associated to aerodynamic optimization. The second application concerns control engineering and more particularly the framework of identification for control. The focus is on feed-forward controller design for non-linear systems which can be represented by Wiener structures. More particularly, it is shown how a model of such systems can be used to design the controller. A procedure to iteratively improve the model and re-design the controller is also introduced in the case where the initially designed one does not allow to obtain optimal performances. Overall, the developed approaches provide effective solutions to minimizing system evaluation costs during optimization tasks in diverse engineering fields

This study examined the psychometric properties for the Draw-A-Person (DAP) test (Naglieri, 1988). Data were collected from 191 children following the accepted procedure from an earlier study (Badger & Jones, 1988). Drawings were scored using both Harris' (1963) and Naglieri's (1988) scoring systems following the procedures outlined in the manuals. Basically, the DAP test demonstrated reliable and valid properties. The Naglieri's (1988) scoring system was favored in this study because it demonstrated more consistent internal consistency, higher inter- and intra-rater reliability and satisfactory construct validity. Positive and moderate high correlations with the scores obtained from Goodenough-Harris's scoring systems supported that the Naglieri's version measured the same concept as the old system. Psychometric properties of the DAP test support use in clinical and research settings to gather data from children about their general abilities.

The development of a new type of approach model of language learning is assumed to be based on the reference points establishing it conceptually. The general concept of approach is verified in terms of the conventional categories of domain, set, set element (subset), set extension, set intension, and hierarchy. A new type of approach to language learning proposed in the chapter is assumed to be conceptually established in the framework of a theoretical model construed as a functional domain comprising a hierarchical set of elements, approach being the top member but method and technique forming subset elements. The hierarchical approach set has both extensional and intensional projections, which are mapped onto the actual learning and teaching procedure and transformed into external and internal language acquisition segments, correspondingly. Thought-outward target language speech interrelations are thus represented. This is the way the functional correlation between theoretical grounds of the approach conception and curriculum procedure is established. The function characterizing approach dimensions is a multifold dichotomized formation whose duality is being made up of 1) the internal-external opposition, 2) source-target language opposition, 3) verbal dissimilarity opposition. The function in question gets delineated at the intersection of the dichotomies and designated as predication. Predication is an invariant unit of instruction surfaced in the form of the approach radix. The approach under consideration acquires the same contingent name. The main issues considered include the justification of the descriptive approach terminology, the functional modeling of approach, source-target language relationship in approach modeling, types of speech in approach modeling, and the invariant approach to language learning: introductory statements.