Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „PULVERIZED GLASS POWDER“

Foundation soils are most affected by different problems when it comes to the loose soil having low shear strength and bearing capacity. Failure of the soil with settlement and shear arises when the shear stresses in the soil exceed the limit. This study is keen to observe the effects of utilization of waste broken glass in the enhancement of Geotechnical properties of soil by performing different laboratory tests. Collection of the soil sample from was concluded from Pabbi, Peshawar, KPK, and Pakistan, which is a low strength soil, are also being called soft soil having low bearing capacity. Furthermore, this particular soil was needed to be enhanced. The physical, chemical and engineering properties of virgin soil were contemplated and the soil was treated with added substances of Glass Powder to stabilize the local soil. Addition of Glass Powder was finished in different proportions that are 4%, 8% and 12% etc. Performance of different tests as Gradation, Specific Gravity, Standard Proctor compaction, Atterberg Limits, Direct Shear, CBR and so forth were done. The results were concluded, based on the Glass Dust stabilization analysis. It was obtained that pulverized glass can be effectively used as a soil stabilizer as mainly the strength characteristics were observed to be valeted. The Results showed that the gradation of soil is narrow from the particle size analysis. Plasticity index (P.I), Liquid limit (L.L) and plastic limit (P.L) were decreased with the addition of Glass powder. The reason behind decreasing P.I is maybe the fact that the Glass powder is cohesionless. Ideal percentage of Glass Powder as a stabilizer is 8%. Such improvements included an achievement of the highest CBR obtained at the 4%, 8% and 12% of powdered glass content. The reason is that the glass is pozzolanic material when blended with soil gives additional strength. The achievement of the increasing rate of the values of angle of internal friction on 4% and 8% and decreasing rate of values obtained at 12% powdered glass substances. Cohesion rate decreases up to 8% and starts increasing at 12%. Maximum dry density increasing as the density of glass is higher than such soil and Optimum moisture content (OMC) is decreasing because of low absorption capacity of glass. The study showed that the best stabilizer for the case study (Pabbi, Peshawar) is the Glass Powder and the optimum dose is 8 %.

ABSTRACTNi-based bulk metallic glasses and composites with high absolute densities exceeding 11 g/cm3 were synthesized via spark plasma sintering of Ni45Co10Ta25Nb20 powders produced from pulverized, melt-spun amorphous ribbons. Optimizing the synthesis via selection of sintering temperature, uniaxial load pressure, and powder mechanical screening yielded samples with relative densities of nearly 100% and hardness values in excess of 12.5 GPa without cracking. Mechanical testing included Weibull modulus determination for hardness and compression testing at 10-3 s-1 and 103 s-1 strain rates. The capability of using spark plasma sintering to fabricate high hardness, high density, large scale metallic glasses is demonstrated. The mechanical properties of these compacted comminuted melt-spun glass ribbons are presented.

Porous plate with bimodal size distribution was prepared using the molten slag from the incinerator. The slag was pulverized to 1-10μm using a planetary ball mill. On heating the pellet formed with this powder, its relative density at 750°C and 800°C were 70% and 85%, respectively. At 750°C, each particle partially attached together at the contacted point. At 800°C, however, all particles melted, coagulated together and increased their size. The slag powder was granulated using a tumbling granulator, resulting granules of 0.5-5mm size. The compressive strength of the granule sintered at 750°C was 0.39 kgf. The density of the granule decreased by ~60%. The sintered granules were mixed with a proper amount of glass powder and starch water, and the slurry was cast to a mold (φ80mmx10mm). After drying the cast plate, it was heated at 630°C. The density of the plate was 1.2 gcm-3, ~43% of original slag value. The sound absorption coefficients of the plate were 0.02 and 0.4 at 200Hz and 1500Hz, respectively.

Abstract With the rapid development of urbanization, the amount of urban sewage treatment is increasing. Waste activated sludge (WAS) is a by-product of sewage treatment, and its output is increasing year by year. How to properly handle WAS is related to the sustainable development of the sewage treatment industry. The production of ceramsite from WAS is an effective way to realize the utilization of sludge. This paper comprehensively describes the use of WAS as raw material, adding clay, cement, glass powder, shale, coal gangue, river sediment, pulverized fly ash and other auxiliary materials (AM) to produce sintered sewage sludge ceramsite and non-sintered sludge ceramsite. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the process of making ceramsite from WAS. The research points out the development prospect of ceramsite from WAS.

The amounts of agricultural waste in cow bone and industrial waste glass in Nigeria have been expanding significantly, thereby increasing the danger to general wellbeing particularly in urban communities. This research examined the suitability of ternary blends of pulverized cow bone ash and waste glass powder (PCBAWGP) equally combined and partially replaced Portland cement in 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 % percentages in concrete production. Physical and chemical properties were done on the concrete constituent materials. Compressive and tensile strengths of the hardened concrete of grade M20, mix proportion 1:2.17:3.4 were tested after 7, 14, 28, 60 and 90 days. The result of the physical properties uncovered that PCBAWGP had 2.70, 2.05 % and 1364 kg/m3 for specific gravity, moisture content and bulk density, respectively. From the consequences of the compressive strength, it showed that as the curing age of the concrete increases, the compressive strength expanded, the compressive strength outcomes at 10 % PCBAWGP partially replaced concrete is 15.55, 24.15, 19.85, 27.60 and 37.98 N/mm2 individually at 7, 14, 28, 60 and 90 days. At 90 days curing age, the tensile strength results for the control mix and 20 % PCBAWGP replacement was 2.72 and 1.88 N/mm2, respectively. The concrete strengths improved with concrete age and this was statistically affirmed utilizing ANOVA. This investigation showed that utilizing PCBAWGP in concrete is sustainable thereby reducing the dumped wastes and lessen CO2 outflows into the atmosphere by diminishing the extent of Portland cement in unit volume of cement produced. HIGHLIGHTS The compressive strength of concrete reduces as % pulverized cow bone ash and waste glass powder PCBAWGP increases. The compressive strength generally increases with increase in age of curing. The minimum and maximum compressive strength of concrete at 10 and 40 % PCBAWGP content for 1:2.17:3.4 concrete mix ratio at 28- and 90-days curing age are 19.85, 37.98 N/mm2 and 15.68, 22.31 N/mm2, respectively The minimum and maximum tensile strength of concrete at 10 and 40 % PCBAWGP at 28- and 90-days curing age are 1.71, 2.19 N/mm2 and 0.70, 1.55 N/mm, respectively The result of the water absorption tests at 28 days and 90 days showed that concrete samples containing PCBAWGP built up a superior protection from harm by freezing as their outcomes were less than 7 % recommendation Concrete containing PCBAWGP contents up to 20 % as partial replacement for cement, fulfills the strength required for normal concrete From the production comparative cost analysis, concrete with PCBAWGP content, as partial substitution for cement, is cheaper than conventional concrete of equivalent strength GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Colloidal suspensions have been part of the repertoire of human industry since Paleolithic artists first dispersed pulverized minerals in rendered animal fat to make paint. Remarkably, colloidal suspensions' primary industrial applications have changed little in the 20 or 30 millennia since. People use colloidal suspensions to disperse materials into fluid media without dissolving them. Familiar examples include surface coatings such as paints and inks, and slurries used for paper making and powder transport. Dividing the material finely enough to disperse it sometimes instills the resulting particles with novel properties. Ancient Romans took advantage of quantum confinement effects in metallic and semiconductor nanoclusters to color glass—research on the mechanisms and applications of nanoclusters' properties is ongoing. In all of these cases, the dispersed material is the important agent; colloidal dispersal simply facilitates its exploitation. More recently, colloidal particles have been deliberately used to modify the rheological properties of their carrier fluids. For these applications, the material from which the colloidal particles are made is less important than how their dispersal influences the medium.This issue of MRS Bulletin focuses on a new class of applications for colloidal suspensions stemming from some particles' innate ability to organize themselves into beautifully ordered arrays. These colloidal crystals acquire interesting and useful properties not only from their constituent materials but also from the spontaneous emergence of mesoscopic order that characterizes their internal structure.

Fly ash from the combustion of eastern Kentucky Fire Clay coal in a southeastern United States pulverized-coal power plant was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). TEM combined with elemental analysis via energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed that rare earth elements (REE; specifically, La, Ce, Nd, Pr, and Sm) were distributed within glassy particles. In certain cases, the REE were accompanied by phosphorous, suggesting a monazite or similar mineral form. However, the electron diffraction patterns of apparent phosphate minerals were not definitive, and P-lean regions of the glass consisted of amorphous phases. Therefore, the distribution of the REE in the fly ash seemed to be in the form of TEM-visible nano-scale crystalline minerals, with additional distributions corresponding to overlapping ultra-fine minerals and even true atomic dispersion within the fly ash glass.

Tricalcium phosphate (3CaO⋅P2O5, TCP) is known as a biodegradable material and already used clinically as important bone-repairing materials. However, the control of its bone-bonding ability, i.e. bioactivity, and biodegradability is not easy. On the other hand, diopside (CaO⋅MgO⋅2SiO2) ceramic shows a potential of direct contact with bone and high mechanical strength, but low biodegradability. We expected that a glass-ceramic containing TCP and diopside show high bioactivity and high mechanical strength, as well as biodegradability. Glasses with composition x(3CaO⋅P2O5)⋅(100-x) (CaO⋅MgO⋅2SiO2) (x = 0, 38, 50, 60 mass%) were prepared. They were pulverized and the compacts of the resultant powders were heated to obtain the glass-ceramics. Only diopside was precipitated at x = 0 in the glass composition, whitlockite (β-TCP) and diopside were at x = 38, 50 and 60, when the compacts were sintered at 1200 °C. The prepared glass-ceramics formed apatite on their surfaces in a simulated body fluid (SBF). This indicates that these glass-ceramics have a potential to show bioactivity.

La cantidad de residuos se ha incrementado con el paso del tiempo, siendo actualmente una amenaza grave para el medio ambiente; tal es el caso del vidrio plano, el cual genera cantidades considerables de merma poco reutilizables en su producción. Esto ha generado que sus residuos reciban una mayor atención por las autoridades e investigadores a nivel global en los últimos años, proponiéndose usos respetuosos que contribuyan hacia un entorno más sostenible. Este estudio profundiza en la utilización del residuo de vidrio plano para la reducción de su merma y lo propone como una solución en la elaboración de un concreto ecológico, al ser incluido de forma pulverizada como adición en el concreto. Para ello, se hicieron diferentes diseños de mezcla con porcentajes variables de vidrio plano pulverizado, realizándose comparaciones con respecto a un concreto patrón para identificar su efecto en las propiedades del concreto; evaluándose los ensayos de asentamiento, resistencia a la compresión y resistencia a la compresión en condiciones de ataque por sulfatos. Los resultados muestran que la adición de vidrio plano pulverizado contribuye a la mejora del asentamiento, la resistencia a la compresión y la resistencia a la compresión en condiciones de ataque por sulfatos; y también, presenta un ahorro económico con respecto al concreto patrón.
The amount of waste has increased over time, currently being a serious threat to the environment. Such is the case of flat glass, which generates considerable quantities of waste that are not reusable in the production. This has generated that its residues receive a greater attention by the authorities and researchers to global level in the last years, proposing respectful uses that contribute towards a more sustainable surroundings. This study deepens in the use of the flat glass waste to reduce its shrinkage and proposes it as a solution in the elaboration of an ecological concrete. For this, different mixing designs were made with varying percentages of flat sprayed glass, making comparisons with respect to a concrete pattern to identify its effect on concrete properties; evaluated by slump tests, compressive strength and compressive strength in sulfate attack conditions. The results show that, the addition of pulverized flat glass contributes to the improvement of slump, compressive strength and compressive strength under sulphate attack conditions; and it presents an economic saving with respect to the reference concrete.
Trabajo de investigación

Soil has main problem is that it undergoes consolidation settlement due to the application of long term loading. Another problem is it shrinks significantly if it is dried and expands significantly if it absorbs moisture which exerts much pressure on the substructure. This paper was evaluated the engineering properties on utilizing waste crushed glass as additive on subgrade improvement. The research were conducted soil engineering properties, standard compaction,Atterberg limits to expansive soil, Direct Shear Test. The variation of additive content on stabilized soil: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% by dry total weight of soil sample respectively. From the results it was found that the liquid limit, the plastic limit and the optimum water content decreased by increasing of added percentage, but the maximum dry density. Friction Angle and cohesion increase. Clay soil also have very low angle of friction due to which it gave low shear strength. When soil come in contact of water its effective strength also decrease due to which shear strength decrease. Glass powder is industrial waste product .which are generally deposited as landfill and dumping from environmental and economical point of view it can be use as admixture in sub base soil , embankment or filling material. As economy of our country increases and construction works also increases and new techniques in construction are develop to increase the standard of civil engineering projects. These methods should also be environmental friendly and cost effective. By using glass powder we can improve the property of soil by economical way. Some experimental investigation was done to analysis the change in property of soil by addition of pulverizeddd glass power inclusion on Plastic limit, Liquid limit, Optimum moist content (OMC), Maximum dry density, Direct shear test (DST). The test was done with varying the percentage of pulverise glass power of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%. Etc. Glass power was obtained from Moti Nagar Industrial area. Measurement of shear stress parameters was done by performing Direct shear test (DST) in undrained condition on three normal stress of different load i.e., 50N/mm, 100N/mm ,150N/mm2 on 5 sample contain 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% of glass power of soil. Result of these experiments are use to find the variation of shear stress parameter i.e., angle of friction and cohesion. By plotting the normal stress vs. shear stress curve. A slope in a soil encountered when the elevation of the ground surface gradually changes from a lower level to a higher one. Such a slope may be either natural (in hilly region ) or manmade (in artificially constructed embankment or excavations). The soil mass bounded by a slope has a tendency to slide down. The principle factor causing such a sliding failure is the self-weight of the soil. However, the failure may be aggravated due to seepage of water or seismic forces. Every man-made slope has to be properly designed to ascertain the safety of the slope against sliding failure. The aim of this research paper is to study the behavior of slope by different Analysis methods of slope analysis on SLOPE/W software by limit equilibrium method . Slope/W is a commercial software by GEOSTUDIO. Slope/W is used to determine the minimum FOS in critical slip surface for profile .The pore water pressure contour and piezometric lines are also shown in this software .In this paper a model is produce in Slope/w to understand how it works and gives results, The assumptions considered and the limitations observed.