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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Radionucléides métalliques“
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Radionucléides métalliques"
Vrel, Anne. „Reconstitution de l’historique des apports en radionucléides et contaminants métalliques à l’estuaire fluvial de la Seine par l’analyse de leur enregistrement sédimentaire“. Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2060.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Seine estuary is the outlet of a highly anthropogenized catchment area. Marginal areas of the river have trapped fine-grained sediment particles which a number of contaminants are bound to; they give access to the sedimentary records of the past decades. Corings were carried out in three areas: the Seine River, the upper Seine estuary, and at the river mouth. After dating, these cores have led to reconstruct the history of the inputs particulate elements in each of these areas. The comparison of the time series of elemental concentrations between (i) suspended matter during the last decades and (ii) dated sediments along the cores shows that the latter are representative of the former. Particulate fluxes of 55 stable elements and 18 radionuclides were estimated, from 1960 to 2002. Comparison of data acquired in the Seine River and in the upper estuary led to distinguish and quantify the intra-estuarine sources of contaminants that are dominated by phosphogypsum discharges during the 1970s in the Rouen harbour area (upper estuary). The intensity of tidal pumping up to the upper estuary was quantified using transuranics activity ratios. Based on the atmospheric 137Cs activities over the last decades and core derived 137Cs activities, a transfer model from the watershed to the river, based on a solid wash-off transfer function by runoff and erosion, is then proposed
Ausseil, Olivier. „Contribution à l'étude de la multipollution des hydrosystèmes fluviaux : étude de l'influence de micropolluants métalliques et organiques sur la bioaccumulation des radionucléides par les poissons d'eau douce“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCuvier, Alicia. „Accumulation de l'uranium, de ses descendants et des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols des zones humides autour des anciennes mines d'uranium“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0104/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUranium mining and uranium ore processing increase the environmental activity of U and Th decay products and trace elements, in particular in case of releases to the adjacent rivers. Contaminants accumulate then preferentially in sedimentation areas (such as ponds or lakes) or in wetlands (peatlands, marshes or riverbanks) located downstream to the mine. Wetlands – generally located at the head of watershed – are particularly sensitive to environmental changes and anthropogenic pressure. This poses a risk of release of contaminants from these accumulation areas. The objective of the present study is to propose an easily reproducible methodology – in particular for the orphan mining sites – to identify and characterize accumulation areas. This study also aims to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of accumulation and release, in these areas. This study was performed around the former mining site of Bertholène (France). Standing and mobile in situ gamma spectrometry is used to accurately locate the accumulation areas. Soils, sediments, vegetation, water and peat are also sampled upstream and downstream of the mine, in order to (a) characterize the activities and the disequilibria of the U-Th decay chains and the associated trace elements according to the scale of observation, (b) understand the mechanisms of accumulation and release and (c) identify the potential sources using geochemical proxies and isotopic analyses. The results obtained show that radionuclides are mainly accumulated in a flooding area located downstream the mine. Strong U-238 activities (> 20000 Bq.kg-1) and strong Ra-226/U-238 and Th-230/Ra-226 activity ratios are recorded, involving preferential inputs of U-238 and Th-230 during flooding events. Trace element contamination is low, except for Mn, Ba and S. Such contaminations are potentially explained by the geochemical composition of the uranium ore and by the past and current processes of ore and water mine. Sequential extractions highlight the importance of the acido-soluble and the amorphous oxides in the trapping of contaminants. Thus, pH or Eh potential changes could induce major releases of uranium to the environment. The large differences in Pb isotope composition between natural soils and uranium ores, as well the activity ratios of the U-238 and decay chain products, make these indicators helpful to identify the soils and the sediments impacted by uranium mining
Zerbini, Micol. „Impact des métaux radioactifs sur les écosystèmes marins : spéciation in vivo et mécanismes moléculaires de leur accumulation par les algues brunes“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025COAZ5013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLegacy radioactive waste, primarily from the early development of the nuclear industry and weapon test, has resulted in significant environmental contamination. Oceans, covering 70% of Earth's surface, serve as the primary reservoir for pollutants, including metallic radionuclides, which pose a threat for both marine organisms and human health. Studies on the biochemical mechanisms driving the accumulation of radioelements remain limited and underexplored, particularly in ecologically relevant organisms such as brown algae, which are widely used as biomonitoring species. This thesis investigates the accumulation of radionuclides in Ascophyllum nodosum, a brown macroalga selected for its ecological relevance and its ability to bioaccumulate metal ions. The study focuses on uranium, a naturally occurring actinide, americium, an anthropogenic derived element and europium, used as a chemical surrogate for americium. This work addresses three key questions: how radionuclides are bioaccumulated, where they are localized within the alga and which biomolecules are responsible for their uptake. A multi-scale mechanistic approach at the macroscopic, cellular and molecular levels was developed, combining biokinetic studies, imaging, and speciation analyses. A biokinetic study of radionuclide accumulation and release by the alga was conducted through contamination experiments with concentrations ranging from 10-4 M for U(VI), 10-7 M for Eu (III), to 10-12 M for Am (III). For uranium, contamination studies revealed active bioaccumulation in living algae, with compartmentalization across tissues. Receptacles (reproductive organs) exhibited the highest uranium accumulation (Concentration Factor - CF ~ 49), while branches and thallus retained minimal amounts. For americium and europium, the biokinetic study revealed consistent trends, confirming that europium can be used in this context as an analogue for americium. Unlike uranium, europium showed homogeneous accumulation across algal tissues (CF ~1100). At the microscopic scale, advanced imaging tools were used to map uranium distribution within algal tissues. Superficial absorption was observed in the thallus, branches and male receptacles, while localized areas of high uranium concentration were detected in the egg cells of female conceptacles.At the molecular scale, speciation studies using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) revealed that uranium forms uranyl-alginate complexes in the branches and uranyl-phosphate complexes (pseudo-autunite) in the male receptacles, likely influenced by surface bacteria. In female receptacles, uranium appears to be chelated by phosphorylated proteins, highlighting distinct gender-specific sequestration mechanisms. For europium and, by extension, americium, speciation analyses identified europium-carboxylate complexes, suggesting that polysaccharides may act as potential chelating agents in algal tissues.This thesis enhances our understanding of radionuclide behavior in marine ecosystems and provides insights into the bioaccumulation mechanisms employed by brown macroalgae. The findings highlight potential applications for monitoring and remediating pollution by radioactive metals
Rollet, Nicolas. „Etude des propriétés de coordination de nouveaux ligands macrocycliques vis-à-vis de cations métalliques en vue de l'utilisation de leurs complexes pour l'imagerie médicale nucléaire“. Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674037.
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