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1
Wang, Xiao Wei, Wen Ling Tian, Zhi Yuan Huang, Ming Jie Zhou und Xiao Yan Zhao. „Analysis on Punching Shear Behavior of the Raft Slab Reinforced with Steel Fibers“. Key Engineering Materials 400-402 (Oktober 2008): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.400-402.335.
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The thickness of the raft slab is determined by punching shear. The raft slab is commonly thick, which causes concrete volume is large. Mass concrete can bring disadvantage to the foundation. In order to increase the bearing capacity and reduce the thickness, it is suggested that the raft slab to be reinforced by steel fibers. There are five groups of specimens in this paper. S1 is the common reinforced concrete slab. S2 and S3 are concrete slabs reinforced by steel fibers broadcasted layer by layer when casting specimen. S4 and S5 are concrete slabs reinforced by steel fibers mixed homogeneously when making concrete. The punching shear tests of these slabs were done. The test results indicate that the punching shear capacity of the slab reinforced with steel fibers is higher than that of concrete slab, the stiffness and crack resistance of the steel fibers reinforced concrete slab are better than those of the common concrete slab and the punching shear of the slabs with different construction methods of steel fibers is similar. It analyses the punching shear behavior of the slab reinforced with steel fibers and suggests the ultimate bearing formula. The calculative values are coincided with the measured values well.
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Dhage, Amit, und S. S. Solanke. „Comparative Analysis of Raft, Pile & Piled Raft Foundation using Designing Software“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1193, Nr. 1 (01.06.2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1193/1/012006.
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Abstract Raft foundations are essentially a slab that extends the entire length of the building, sustaining and dispersing its mass to the earth. A pile foundation is a collection of columns that are erected or inserted into the ground to distribute weight to the subsoil underneath. A pile is a long, cylindrical construction made made of a sturdy substance such as concrete. Building loads are transferred to hard strata, rocks, or high-bearing-capacity soil using piles. Pinned raft foundations are a combination of a pile and a raft slab. They’re frequently used for large structures and when the soil is insufficient to avoid excessive settling. As a result of this, the soil is less strained. Pile foundations are necessary in areas where buildings are large and heavy, yet the soil beneath them is weak. In areas where settlement. Deep foundations with pile rafts can help move strata Adding piles to a raft increases the effective size of the foundation and can help it sustain horizontal loads. On a G+20 residential structure, the research of raft, pile, and stacked raft foundations was conducted using structural software safe 16. For a zone factor II earthquake, a building’s seismic study is completed. The pile raft foundation has less upward soil carrying load and less settling than the raft foundation, according to a study of the G+20 structure for pile, raft, and piled raft foundations.
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M S, Padmanaban, und J. Sreerambabu. „Issues on Design of Piled Raft Foundation“. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 14, Nr. 1 (18.01.2018): 6057–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v14i1.5905.
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A piled raft foundation consists of a thick concrete slab reinforced with steel which covers the entire contact area of the structure, in which the raft is supported by a group of piles or a number of individual piles. Bending moment on raft, differential and average settlement, pile and raft geometries are the influencing parameters of the piled raft foundation system. In this paper, a detailed review has been carried out on the issues on the raft foundation design. Also, the existing design procedure was explained.
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Yu, Jing Liang, und Dong Yang. „Construction Technical Measures and Control of Concrete Temperature Cracking for a Mass Flat Plate Type Raft Foundation“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (Januar 2014): 717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.717.
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The mass flat raft foundation Section is large and Cement is in large quantities, the temperature changes in the larger cement hydration heat of the water releasing, the temperature stress is main reason reducing cracking. According to the basement of a project of Guangzhou large slab raft foundation engineering as an example, Discussing the construction technology measures of early crack of large volume concrete of raft plate in the process of construction,. The results show that it Can effectively prevents the slab foundation structure cracking and achieves good results through controlling Concrete materials and concrete temperature Parameter such as the lifting machine temperature and the pouring temperature and the expansion joint or the whole pouring length.
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Burkovič, Kamil, Martina Smirakova und Pavlina Matečková. „Testing and Modelling of Concrete Pile Foundations“. Key Engineering Materials 738 (Juni 2017): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.738.287.
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Foundation of building on concrete piles is often used when it is necessary to carry the load into larger depth as by common foundation. Bearing capacity of piles or piled raft foundation is wide area to research. This paper deals with experimental load test of concrete pile and with their numerical modelling. Several types of foundation construction were tested and two kinds will be presented and compared in this paper - reinforced concrete foundation slab and raft foundation (made of reinforced concrete foundation slab supported by drilled reinforced concrete pilot). These types of foundation constructions were constructed as models, in a reduced scale, approx. 1:10. The size had to be adjusted due to limited capacity of the testing equipment and financial reasons. Except measuring of the foundation behaviour, there was also carried out measurement of the adjacent terrain.The aim of this paper is to compare the behaviour of rigid slab and the piled raft. The measurement results will be then compared with the results of numerical modelling.
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Yin, Su Hua, Yuan Huang und Ying Hui Yuan. „Research on Mass Concrete Construction Techonogy of Raft Foundation of Hongyun Building“. Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (Mai 2013): 709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.709.
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The foundation of A tower of Hongyun building is made of raft board foundation which is 4200mm in the thickness and 3500mm beside side of the core tube. It is researched that the raft foundation mass concrete construction technology is expatiated from temperature and cracks of the raft foundation and the temperature control and monitoring of the concrete base slab construction and concrete curing.
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Hong, Qiuyun, Bin Yan und Tingyu Ma. „The Research of Raft Foundation Anti-floating Piles’ Performance and its Impact on the Raft Foundation“. MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 01038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817501038.
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By using the finite element software ANSYS and ABAQUS, we established the calculation model of raft foundation anti-floating pile foundation, and studied the mechanical properties of the raft foundation and the influence of raft foundation on the foundation. By comparing the stress and displacement of the anti-floating pile under different pile distance, the influence trend of the different anti-floating pile layout scheme on the mechanical property of the floating slab foundation anti-floating pile is explained, Then the optimal arrangement scheme of anti-floating pile was acquired. Under the action of vertical load, the anti-floating pile effectively reduces the average vertical displacement of the raft, and the raft foundation improves the bearing efficiency of the pile as well as the economic efficiency.
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Zerkal, Evgeny O., Alexey Yu Kalashnikov, Andrey E. Lapshinov und Aleksey I. Tyutyunkov. „Using ground penetrating radars to detect internal defects in concrete foundation slabs“. Vestnik MGSU, Nr. 7 (Juli 2020): 980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.7.980-987.
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Introduction. The co-authors have analyzed a monolithic reinforced concrete piled raft foundation of a multi-storied residential building under construction. The mission of this research effort is to obtain trustworthy information about the internal structure of a foundation slab, to detect and survey internal defects, if any. This research project is to capture potential problems that may accompany the inspection of a foundation, to generate awareness about ground penetrating radar surveys and their methods that can help to optimize operating processes in the process of inspection.
Materials and methods. The co-authors have employed a method of ground penetrating radar surveying, performed using a regular mesh of orthogonal projections over an easily accessible surface area of a raft foundation and several antennas producing sounding signals with centre frequencies varying within the range of 1,500 and 2,000 MHz.
Results. A number of internal defects has been detected in the structure of a foundation slab, including several horizontal cold joints, cavity pockets and honeycombs. Their presence was later confirmed by control drilling and core material sampling. The information thus obtained was later generalized and entered into surface maps of cold joints, that depicted both the relief and the layout of detected defects in space. The analysis of core material chips has proven that reflecting boundaries are the same as those of the core material destruction; it has also demonstrated the presence of air pockets and the proofs of poor quality concrete mix compaction.
Conclusions. The resolution of the ground penetrating radar method is sufficient to identify features of reinforced concrete slabs significant for their structure; it enables researchers to obtain trustworthy information about the internal structure of a foundation slab and make conclusions about the presence or absence of internal defects inside it, including cold joints, cavity pockets or honeycombs.
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Rickards, R. B., M. A. Hamedi und A. J. Wright. „A new Arenig (Ordovician) graptolite fauna from the Kerman District, east-central Iran“. Geological Magazine 131, Nr. 1 (Januar 1994): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800010463.
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AbstractA single slab of silicified silty and cross-bedded mudstone from the Katkoyeh Formation, east-central Iran yields Yutagraptus cf. mantuanus Riva which indicates a late Arenig age. The slab also bears Dictyonema ghodsiae sp. nov., regarded as the only unequivocally planktonic dendroid from post-Tremadoc strata. The sicula is surrounded by at least twelve vesicular bodies which constitute a raft of floats. These are the only certain floats yet identified in the Order Dendroidea, and one of very few cases known in the Class Graptolithina.
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Wang, Feng Xia, Zheng Ru Yuan und Huan Xi Cai. „The Method Comparison of Anti-Floating of Reinforced Concrete Slab at Underground Business Street“. Key Engineering Materials 730 (Februar 2017): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.429.
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It’s a good mean to develop underground business street. But at South China, usually the underground water level is higher, while the weight of structures is smaller, so it causes a prominent problem—anti-floating of structures. These cases of failure including both whole anti-floating and partial anti-floating are reported occasionally. To thoroughly solve the problem of anti-floating, the foundation design of underground street structure is particularly important. At present there are two kinds of foundation design scheme of the underground street. The First is raft foundation plus anti-floating anchors, and the second is independent foundation plus waterproof plates. In this paper, according to practical underground business street, two kinds of foundation design scheme are used to calculate the foundation respectively. Conclusion are drawn: by means of raft foundation, the quantity of bars at Column pier is smaller than that by means of independent foundation; the quantity of bars at raft is bigger than that by means of waterproof plates; the quantity of bars at waterproof plate is bigger gained by means of experience coefficient method than that by mean of JCCAD.
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Viladkar, M. N., P. N. Godbole und J. Noorzaei. „Space frame-raft-soil interaction including effect of slab stiffness“. Computers & Structures 43, Nr. 1 (April 1992): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(92)90083-c.
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Yan, Lin. „Research on Prefabricated Road base Technology under the concept of Sponge City“. E3S Web of Conferences 372 (2023): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337202006.
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The problems of construction period, quality and coordination between road construction and maintenance and road traffic often exist in the process of traditional urban road construction. The development of urbanization has brought about the rapid expansion of urban roads, and the changes in the permeability of urban underlying surface have also brought about urban waterlogging and urban water security problems. Making full use of the environmental protection, high efficiency and economic characteristics of the prefabricated process, through data investigation, theoretical calculation and mechanical analysis as the main means, the prefabricated prefabricated road base is studied and designed, drawing on the stress characteristics of the raft foundation of the building structure and the concept of beam and slab force transmission, forming the prefabricated beam and slab base in the form of raft structure, taking into account the actual drainage capacity of the urban pipe network and the outdoor drainage regulations, and setting drainage holes and gravel layers, Make the prefabricated road base have the function of organized drainage and water storage at the peak of runoff, so as to alleviate urban waterlogging to a certain extent and solve urban water safety problems.
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Burkovič, Kamil, und Vojtěch Buchta. „Experimental Measurements of a Model of Pile, Slab and Raft Foundation“. Transactions of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Civil Engineering Series. 14, Nr. 2 (01.12.2014): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tvsb-2014-0017.
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Abstract A design of the load-bearing capacity and settlement of a pilot base is usually based on the assumption that all of the load from the top of the building is transferred only by pilots. The influence of the adjacent connecting structures, which are in contact with the ground (pile cap, slab, block, belt, etc.), is usually ignored. The necessary data from the experimental measurement of the impact of these structures, concerning the overall bearing capacity of the foundations, was obtained on the testload device (Stand), in the area of Faculty of Civil Engineering, VŠB-TU of Ostrava. The progress of the experiment and the results of the load tests are listed in this paper
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Sulaeman, Agus, Sajiharjo Marto Suro und Salihin Bin Jalali. „3-D Numerical Modelling Of Cakar Ayam System To Maximize It’s Stability Performance“. CRANE: Civil Engineering Research Journal 2, Nr. 1 (01.04.2021): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/crane.v2i1.5006.
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This paper presents an analysis of Cakar Ayam system using the finite element method. The basic concept of the Cakar Ayam system considers the passive-soil pressure creating a stiff condition of slab-pipe system. This means that the thin concrete slab floats on the supporting soil and the pipes serve as stiffeners slab concrete, stay vertical due to the passive-soil pressure. In this study, the simulation was done to the stiffness ratio of 0.02 to 1.2 under soil friction angle 20 o , bearing capacity and displacement were recorded for each pairs then plotted in the graph.The study was intended to illustrate the basic mechanism of the Cakar Ayam system. Two cases have been considered for the parametric studies. The parameters investigated are thickness of slab and diameter of pipes. It is shown that such a Cakar Ayam system improves the behaviour of the raft foundation. It is also found that all the parameters used in the parametric studies influence the behaviour of the Cakar Ayam system.
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mohiuddin, Syed Mohammed, Mohammed moiz, Mohammed khaja moinuddin und Mohammed Tosif Ahmed. „DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTISTOREYED R.C STRUCTURAL FRAME WITH PILE FOUNDATION“. International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering 8, Nr. 6 (30.06.2021): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijirae.2021.v0806.001.
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The structure is presumed to be situated in seismic Zones II and V. The mathematical building model (F.E.M Model) of Whole building has been modelled in ETABS 16.2 All the beams and columns are modelled as frame elements. All the slabs are modelled as thin shell elements. To ascertain the seismic load on each floor level of whole structure two types of seismic analysis procedure have been considered as per IS1893-2002 and 2016. Equivalent static approach (linear Static method) and Response spectrum method (Linear Dynamic Method). Parameters considered to understand the seismic response of the multi-storeyed buildings are, Modal Mass participation factor, Modal time period, Lateral displacement, Storey drift, Storey shear of the structure. The whole structural systems are strengthen with vertical shear walls. SAFE (Slab analysis by Finite Element Method) is a software essentially made for analyse and designs of the slabs, since Pile Raft is also a slab therefore SAFE is the ultimate tool for it. Pile Caps have modelled as Slab with Thick plate Action, for base reactions Link between ETABS and SAFE have been used. The parameters consider for finalise the designs of piles and pile caps are, vertical settlement, Punching Shear stress under columns and shear walls and for piles as well. Flexural reinforcements are tabulated in both Longitudinal and transvers direction for the both the faces i.e. Top face and bottom. After all the study a comparison is made between the structure situated in Zone II and Zone V We had observed that when the seismic zones changes and the intensity of seismic forces increases, the design of foundation considerably changes and there is tremendous amount of increase in steel.
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Fu, Qiang. „Experimental Analysis on Dynamic Response of X-Section Piled Raft Composite Foundation under Cyclic Axial Load for Ballastless Track in Soft Soil“. Shock and Vibration 2021 (19.10.2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4561806.
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Large-scale model tests were established at a scale of 1/5 using a 7 m deep model tank with cross-sectional dimension of 5 m × 4 m, to study the vibration response characteristics of ballastless track, embankment, and X-section piled raft foundation under cyclic axial load, including the vibration displacement, velocity, dynamic soil, and pile stress. Cyclic dynamic loading can be achieved by controlling the loading frequency and cycles through the vibration servo control loading system. The test results are presented in the variation of dynamic displacement, velocity, and stress of X-section piled raft composite foundation. The vibration displacement, velocity, and stress of the track, embankment, and pile foundation follow a pattern of vibration characteristics of loading sine wave. The vibration characteristics of loading waves can be identified easily from the peaks and troughs in the dynamic response of displacement, velocity, and stress at many locations of track slab, embankment, cushion, and underlying soil, at which the vibration response presents almost monotonically increasing tendency with the loading frequencies. With the increase of loading frequency, the vibration responses at the track structure and embankment have higher increasing rates than those at substructure (raft, cushion, and subsoil). The piled raft bears more dynamic load than cushion and subsoils, to ensure long-term dynamic stability and safety of the foundation soils. The model testing results provide a better understanding of the dynamic response characteristics of ballastless track, embankment, and X-section piled raft foundation under cyclic axial load in soft soil.
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Niu, Xirong, Yangping Yao, Yanfang Sun, Yuhao He und Haiqing Zhang. „3D Numerical Analysis of Synergetic Interaction between High-Rise Building Basement and CFG Piles Foundation“. Applied Sciences 8, Nr. 11 (24.10.2018): 2040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112040.
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A strong bearing capacity and the satisfaction of strict settlement requirements are necessary for high-rise buildings. A single-raft foundation cannot meet certain settlement requirements, in which case CFG (cement/fly ash/gravel, an emerging and sustainable construction material) piles can be used in the foundation to set up a cushion between the top of the pile and the raft slab, where the piles act as settlement reducers. The rafts of disconnected piles (DPs) exhibit complex synergetic interactions involving the raft, cushion, pile, and soil under the load of the superstructure. Multiple piles in particular lead to an increase in the number of degrees of freedom of the problem, resulting in difficulty in solving it. However, when the number of piles is very large and the structure is complex—for example, many buildings are placed on the same raft with basement structures—even if the embedded pile element is used during numerical calculations, either the method remains prone to non-convergence or the time needed for numerical calculations is too long. It is, thus, difficult to satisfy the requirement of an efficient scheme of evaluation in practice. To solve this problem, a method that uses a simulation of the integral equivalent of the CFG pile reinforcement zone is proposed in this paper. In the CFG pile reinforcement zone, the effect of the pile is reflected in the enhancement of parameters of the soil in the strengthened zone, and the reinforcement zone (including the soil and the pile) is regarded as an anisotropic elastoplastic material. As the structure of the pile is no longer needed in the model, its elimination significantly reduces the complexity of the model and improves its calculation efficiency. An example of a numerical calculation is provided to verify the viability and accuracy of the integral equivalent simulation method in comparison with the embedded pile element simulation method. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the three-dimensional numerical analysis of a scheme for the treatment of foundations of high- and low-rise buildings with basements, and its effectiveness is further verified through comparison with theoretical results.
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Saha, Rajib, Sekhar Chandra Dutta und Sumanta Haldar. „SEISMIC RESPONSE OF SOIL-PILE RAFT-STRUCTURE SYSTEM“. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 21, Nr. 2 (30.01.2015): 144–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2013.802716.
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This paper presents an initial effort to investigate seismic response of soil-pile raft-structure system considering soil-structure interaction effect. In general, structure and piled raft under seismic load are designed considering fixed base condition. However, soil flexibility may result significant changes in the response of soil-pile raft-structure system. The study considers one storey system consisting of a mass in the form of a rigid floor slab supported by four columns. The piles are modelled by beam-column element supported by laterally distributed springs and dampers. This simple model used in present study is adequately tuned to exhibit reasonably accurate dynamic characteristics while compared to the existing well accepted methodologies. The study shows that soil-structure interaction leads to considerable lengthening of period though the lateral shear in columns are not significantly changed. However, the shear in piles is significantly increased due to SSI effect as inertia of the considerable foundation mass contributes to this increase in shear of pile. Thus, neglecting SSI may lead to unsafe seismic design of piles. A parametric study encompassing feasible variations of parameters is made under spectrum consistent ground motion. Effect of uncertainty in the soil subgrade modulus on the pile and column response variability is also studied.
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Yushchube, S. V., und I. I. Podshivalov. „Stress-strain state finite element modeling of concrete foundation along the concrete pile perimeter of a multistory brick building“. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 23, Nr. 3 (28.06.2021): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2021-23-3-155-166.
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The use of concrete foundations on a natural subgrade of brick buildings with a spatial cross-wall structural system can lead to its ultimate limit and elastoplastic states along the perimeter and, as a consequence, unallowable soil deformation and movement. The paper proposes to eliminate ultimate limit and elastoplastic states along the perimeter of concrete piles through the replacement of the foundation slab by the combined piled-raft foundation. The finite element modeling of the stress-strain state of the concrete foundation and the building superstructure of the base-foundation-building system is performed in the MicroFe software package allowing to appropriately estimate this state in real geotechnical conditions. According to calculations, 46 % of the vertical load of the building is taken by concrete piles along the perimeter, and 54 % of this load is taken by the concrete foundation. The use of the combined piled-raft foundation allows eliminating unallowable soil deformation of the foundation and provides meeting the standard requirements.
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Smith, L. B., J. P. Graham, J. F. Nixon und A. S. Washuta. „Thermal analysis of forced-air and thermosyphon cooling systems for the Inuvik airport expansion“. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, Nr. 3 (01.06.1991): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-050.
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This paper presents a description of thermal analyses of forced-air ventilation and thermosyphon cooling systems, which were carried out in connection with the design of the concrete raft foundations that support hangars and other major structures to be constructed by the Department of National Defence adjacent to the existing airport near Inuvik, N.W.T. The cooling systems are required to prevent heat from the buildings from thawing the ice-rich permafrost present below the site. The analyses identified those parameters that have the most significant effect on the efficiency of each system. Based partially on the results of the analyses, it was decided to utilize air ventilation for cooling. The system is expected to perform satisfactorily under natural convection; however, the design includes a provision to install air blowers, if this should prove necessary in the future. A number of areas in which further research appears useful have been identified. Key words: permafrost, thermal analysis, raft foundation, hangar, ventilated slab, natural convection, thermosyphons.
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Fu, Qiang, und Jie Yuan. „Experimental and Numerical Study of the Dynamic Response of XCC Pile–Raft Foundation under High-Speed Train Loads“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 19 (06.10.2021): 9260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199260.
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A series of dynamic large-scale model tests and three-dimensional finite element analyses were conducted to investigate the dynamic response of track embankment and XCC pile-raft composite foundation in soft soil for a ballastless high-speed railway under moving train loads. The results indicate that the vibration velocity obtained from the FE numerical simulation agrees well with that from the model test in vibration waveform, amplitude, and frequency characteristics. The peak values corresponding to the passing frequency of train carriage geometry (lc = 25 m), bogie (lab = 7.5 m), and axle distance (lwb = 2.5 m) respectively reflect the characteristic frequencies of the train compartment, adjacent bogie, and wheel load passing through. The peak velocity significantly depends on the distance from the track center in the horizontal direction, of which the attenuation follows the exponential curve distribution. The vibration velocities decrease rapidly within embankment, show a vibration enhancement region from raft to the 1 m depth of foundation soil, then decreases gradually along the subsoil foundation, to a very low level at the bottom of the subsoil, which is much lower than that at the track slab and roadbed. The pile-raft composite foundation can reduce the vibration level effectively and improve the safety of trains running in soft soil areas.
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Ihnatov, S. V. „DRILL INJECTED TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION EXPERIENCE FOR THE PURPOSE OF GROUND REINFORCEMENT AND PILE ERECTION DURING RECONSTRUCTION“. ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 2, Nr. 49 (17.10.2017): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2017.49.823.
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The drill injected technology for pile erection and shallow foundations strengthening implementation in practice is described in the article. The reconstruction of the building, the topography and geotechnical conditions of the building footprint analysis are presented. The article reveals the design solutions for reconstruction of existing building for industrial purposes, and describes the basic technological processes. It is considered design scheme of the building, the results of the spatial frame calculation, the substantiation of bases slab base strengthening necessity provided design solutions for building new above-ground building structures. The article describes the case of pile foundations for the elevator shaft building, the description of the technical solutions in piling, the results of piled-raft foundation settlement observations, which was loaded by the loads from the walls and ceilings of mine and lifting equipment. The paper discloses the design of technical solution for existing slab base of special technology foundation strengthening, the technology of amplification, as well as the results of experimental and control sensing.
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Cheng, Xiao Fei. „A Kind of Floating Breakwater Sheltering Deep Water Aquaculture“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (Juli 2014): 2170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.2170.
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This paper briefly introduces the design, construction and wave attenuation effect test of a kind of floating breakwater sheltering deep water aquaculture. This novel floating breakwater structure is composed of 28 standard modules and corresponding anchoring systems, and each standard module comprises a catamaran raft and a wave-attenuating and oscillation-inhibiting device, with a length of 30 m, a width of 7 m, a depth of 2 m and a draft of 1.1 m. Each catamaran raft employs a box-shaped multi-ribbed beam-and-slab structure, and was constructed using high-performance concrete and ferrocement materials and internally filled with polystyrene foam plastics. Each wave-attenuating and oscillation-inhibiting device uses a detachable split box-shaped structure and was pre-fabricated using high-performance concrete, with a length of 2 m, a width of 1.638 m and a height of 2 m. Each standard module is anchored using 6 anchor chains, each of which has an on-floor length of about 25 m. After construction, this floating breakwater system was tested for wave attenuation effect, and the data analysis results show that the floating breakwater system has a wave attenuation effect of up to 50 %.
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Wattanapanich, Chirawat, Thanongsak Imjai, Pakjira Aosai, Chayanon Hansapinyo, Fabio P. Figueiredo und Reyes Garcia. „Thermal Analysis of a Raft Concrete Foundation: A Case Study of a Leaking Ethane Tank“. Buildings 12, Nr. 7 (23.06.2022): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070889.
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This article presents a case study on the thermal assessment of a reinforced concrete (RC) foundation exposed to low temperatures. The foundation supports a 19,500 m3-capacity tank with low-temperature (−89 °C) ethane. Icing and bubbling were observed on the tank’s surface soon after it started operations. Condensation was also observed at the bottom of the 0.8-m-depth RC slab, which raised concerns about the structural condition of the concrete. This study provides details of the field and analytical investigations conducted to assess the structural condition of the foundation. Heat transfer finite element (FE) analyses were performed to examine the concrete sections subjected to low temperatures. It was found that the ethane leakage produced a low temperature on the top side of the concrete foundation of +9.7 °C. Overall, the temperatures calculated by the FE analyses were in good agreement with actual field measurements, within a ±5% accuracy. The simplified heat transfer equation for porous media used in this study was sufficiently accurate to model the effects of the ethane leakage in the concrete foundation, provided that the ambient temperature at the site is taken into account in the analysis. The results also confirm that reinforcing bars can be neglected in the thermal analysis of massive concrete slabs. The results from the field measurements and FE analyses confirmed that the structural integrity of the RC foundation was never compromised. The approaches, methods and techniques discussed in this article are deemed suitable to solve the practical and scientific challenges involved in the thermal assessment and repairs of large special structures. Accordingly, they can serve as useful reference and guidance for engineers and practitioners working in the field of forensic engineering.
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Forsythe, Perry, und Grace Ding. „Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Excavation on Residential Construction Sites“. Construction Economics and Building 14, Nr. 4 (08.12.2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v14i4.4195.
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Despite considerable research concerning the manifestation of greenhouse gases in the usage of buildings, little has been done concerning emissions arising from the construction process itself. This paper specifically examines emissions arising from cut and fill excavation on residential construction sites. Even though such excavation is often seen as being economical in terms of providing a flat base for concrete raft slab construction, the environmental consequences of this approach need to be considered more fully in terms of impact on the environment. This is particularly important when steeply sloping sites are involved and for different soil types. The paper undertakes a study that quantitatively assesses the cumulative greenhouse gas emissions caused by cut and fill excavation on 52 residential projects in Australia for a range of slope and soil types. The paper presents results from the study and concludes that greenhouse gas emissions increase as site slope increases; the building footprint area (as distinct from Gross Floor Area), exposes the need to reduce the area of the building to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; excavation of rock soils creates higher emissions than other soil types; and cut and fill excavation on steeply slope sites increase emissions. Potential alternative construction includes suspended floor construction systems which involve less excavation.
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Broster, Bruce E., und Allen A. Seaman. „Glacigenic rafting of weathered granite: Charlie Lake, New Brunswick“. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, Nr. 4 (01.04.1991): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-056.
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Glaciation in the area of Charlie Lake, New Brunswick, has produced a granitic till very similar in appearance to weathered bedrock. Portions of weathered granite were moved intact and redeposited as imbricated rafts under basal till. The rafts vary from 0.3 to 2 m in thickness over a 10 m wide exposure and show deep weathering zones and brittle deformation, despite the fact that they are highly friable. The rafts are separated by glacigenic fault planes defined by lenses of diamict and rare clasts of distant origin. They are recognizable only in excavations where fault planes can be seen to delineate slabs of rock imbricated mainly upglacier. Surface weathering features, including core-stones, were preserved during movement over short distances.
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Toy, Ahmet Tuğrul, und Barış Sevim. „Structural response of multi-story building subjected to blast load“. Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics 5, Nr. 1 (31.03.2022): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31462/jseam.2022.01013021.
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This paper aims to present blasting effects on the structural response of a 5-story building considering its columns, shear walls, beams, slabs, raft foundation, masonry walls, and windows. A building with a geometry of 12×20 m in plan and a height of 15.5 m is considered. The three-dimensional finite element model of the building is constituted using ANSYS Workbench and blasting analysis is explicitly performed in ANSYS AUTODYN. TNT is exploded to give blasting effects on the structure. The duration of the explosion is set to 3-msec. Stresses, displacements, material status, and pressures due to blasting on some gauge points are presented. It is seen from the study that the blast causes local damage to the load-bearing elements.
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Turhan, Şeref, Elif Gören, Ahmed M. K. Garad, Aydan Altıkulaç, Aslı Kurnaz, Celalettin Duran, Aybaba Hançerlioğulları, Volkan Altunal, Veysi Güçkan und Adnan Özdemir. „Radiometric measurement of lignite coal and its by-products and assessment of the usability of fly ash as raw materials in Turkey“. Radiochimica Acta 106, Nr. 7 (26.07.2018): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2017-2863.
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Abstract Lignite coal (LC) is a key energy source for electricity generation in Turkey. During lignite burning, huge amounts of fly ash (FA), bottom ash and slag are produced as by-products which contain radionuclides in the natural radioactive series of uranium and thorium, and radioactive potassium. These radionuclides may lead to radiological exposure of workers and the public and cause environmental problems. Therefore, finding diverse uses for the by-products in the construction sector and earthwork applications has considerable economic and environmental importance. In this study, the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in and radon emanating power (EP) and radon mass exhalation rate (EXRM) from LC, slag and FA obtained from the Kangal lignite-burning power plant with a power of 457 MWe were measured using gamma-ray spectroscopy. The major chemical components (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO and MgO) of fly ash samples were analysed using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The annual effective doses received by workers and members of the public were estimated using different scenarios specified in Radiation protection 122. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in LC, slag and FA samples were 187±21, 16±1 and 99±9 Bq kg−1, 620±18, 41±2 and 330±13 Bq kg−1, and 937±30, 38±2 and 272±17 Bq kg−1, respectively. The average values of EP and EXRM of the lignite, slag and FA samples were 8 %, 7 % and 10 %, and 0.1, 0.3 and 0.7 Bq kg−1 h−1, respectively. The highest average of the total annual effective dose is estimated at 153 μSv for members of the public and 74 μSv for workers, lower than the recommended annual limit of 1000 μSv.
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Knezović, Pavao. „Autorstvo »Paše duhovne«“. Nova prisutnost XVI, Nr. 3 (21.11.2018): 477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31192/np.16.3.4.
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Biskup fra Rafo Barišić, dok se nalazio u Rimu zbog spora s upravom provincije Bosne srebrene, sakupio je nekoliko knjižica na talijanskom i latinskom jeziku (prvenstveno onih koje donose molitve za čije su moljenje razne oproste dali pojedini pape) i, uz pomoć svoga tajnika fra Marka Kalamuta, sastavio je molitvenu knjigu nazvanu »Paša duhovna« (Rim, 1842.) koju je narod jednostavno nazivao »Biskupova knjiga«. U njezinu predgovoru (str. 5-15) Barišić je obradio gotovo potpun program ilirskog preporoda. Međutim, u ovom se radu nastoji pružiti suvisao odgovor zbog čega se u svim biografijama »Pašu duhovnu« navodi među Barišićevim glavnim djelima, iako neki navode da je to prijevod. Međutim, samo desetak što kraćih, što dužih pjesama, oko 640 stihova, jest ispjevao fra Rafo Barišić. Učinio je to jer je znao da se njegovu puku sviđaju stihovi pa se i on okušao u stvaranju sakralne poezije. K tome treba imati na umu da svatko tko je znao čitati, morao je to činiti naglas da bi i neuki puk naučio što se nalazi u »Biskupovoj knjizi«. Svakako da su za recitiranje prikladniji stihovi nego proza. Barišić je bio slab pjesnik i čini se da je svu snagu »potrošio« na stvaranje rime (koja je posvuda pravilna) i teološki ispravnog sadržaja. Ipak treba reći da se u tim Barišićevim osmeračkim pjesmama nalaze mnogi veoma dobri distisi.
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Dupré, Loïc, Grazia Andolfi, Stuart G. Tangye, Rita Clementi, Franco Locatelli, Maurizio Aricò, Alessandro Aiuti und Maria-Grazia Roncarolo. „SAP controls the cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells against EBV-infected cells“. Blood 105, Nr. 11 (01.06.2005): 4383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-08-3269.
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Abstract The adaptor protein SAP regulates signaling through signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)–family receptors expressed on T and natural killer (NK) cells. In patients affected by X-linked lymphoproliferative (XLP) disease, mutations in the SH2D1A gene result in defective lytic activity. However, the mechanism by which SAP controls cytotoxic activity remains unclear. T-cell–receptor (TCR) activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) results in down-regulation of SAP, suggesting that this protein is involved in early activation events. Here, we show that SAP-deficient CTLs from patients with XLP and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) display a specific lytic defect against autologous and allogeneic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–positive B cells. This defect is associated with the defective polarization of 2B4, perforin, and lipid rafts at the contact area of CTLs with EBV-positive targets. Blockade of 2B4 in normal CTLs reproduces the defects in lysis and polarization observed in SAP-deficient CTLs. Expression and regulation of the SLAM-family receptors SLAM, CD84, and 2B4, as well as the lytic effectors perforin and granzyme-B are normal in SAP-deficient CTLs. In addition, TCR stimulation leads to normal proliferation and production of interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). These results demonstrate that the SAP/2B4 pathway plays a key role in CTL lytic activity against EBV-positive targets by promoting the polarization of the lytic machinery.
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Miljković, Nemanja, Mladen Milićević, Svetlana Ristić, Darko Popović und Vanja Alendar. „Kula Belgrade - Part 2: Specifics of construction of Kula structure“. Gradjevinski materijali i konstrukcije 65, Nr. 1 (2022): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/grmk2201023m.
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Kula Belgrade is the tallest building within the Belgrade Waterfront Project located on the right bank of the Sava River. It is envisaged as the future landmark of Belgrade and the pivotal point of Belgrade Waterfront development. It consists of a 168m high - 42 store tower, a podium and an eccentric basement. It is one of the rare towers in the world in which the bottom and the top parts are mutually rotated by 90° in plan and where such a transition is achieved through 7 floors - a configuration that imposes significant demands to the structure. While the 1st part of the article addressed specific topics related to design, this 2nd part is about the specific topics related to the construction of Kula Belgrade's structure, including the enabling works, construction, and testing program of piles that comprised various types of tests, including the static compression test by Osterberg cell at two tower piles with a 1200 mm diameter. The article also addresses the construction of foundations, which included the concreting of a raft under the tower in volume of 4750m3 cast in one turn, the execution of core walls in jump form, the distinctive transfer structure and PT slabs.
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Nazarchuk, Evgeny V., Dmitri O. Charkin, Dmitri V. Kozlov, Oleg I. Siidra und Stepan N. Kalmykov. „Topological analysis of the layered uranyl compounds bearing slabs with UO2:TO4 ratio of 2:3“. Radiochimica Acta 108, Nr. 4 (26.03.2020): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2019-3183.
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AbstractNine new templated uranyl sulfates and selenates, [(H9O4)2(H2O)][(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)2] (H9US), [(C5H7 NO)2(H2O)][(UO2)2(SeO4)3(H2O)2](H2O) (OUSe), [C6H6N3][H5O2] [(UO2)2(SeO4)3(H2O)] (BH5USe), [C6H6N3][H7O3][(UO2)2(SO4)3 (H2O)](H2O) (BH7US), [C6H16N][H5O2][(UO2)2(SeO4)3(H2O)] (TeH5USe), [C6H18N2][(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)] (TmUS), [H5O2]2 [(UO2)2(SeO4)3(H2O)](H2O) (H5USe-1), [H5O2]2[(UO2)2(SeO4)3 (H2O)2](H2O)9 (H5USe-2), and [C4H14N2][(UO2)2(SeO4)3(H2O)](H2O) (DmUSe) have been prepared by isothermal evaporation of aqueous solutions containing extra sulfuric or selenic acid. Their crystal structures can be considered as organo-inorganic hybrids constructed of alternating [(UO2)2 (TO4)3(H2O)n]2− slabs (T = Se6+, S6+, n = 1, 2) and layers containing templating organic moieties and/or hydronium ions and water molecules. The organic and inorganic parts of the structures are linked by multiple hydrogen bonds. Besides structure description, we offer topological analysis of the inorganic fragments with UO2:TO4 ratio of 2:3 as modular units resulting from self-assembly of fundamental chains formed by [(UO2)2(TO4)2] tetramers and TO4 tetrahedra.
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Muhammad, K. Rahman, Ibrahim Mohammed, Al Omran Zaki, S. Barry Mohammed und Al Nahdi Fahad. „Durability Modeling for Enhancing the Service Life of a Building Constructed on a Reclaimed Land in the Sea“. Key Engineering Materials 711 (September 2016): 622–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.711.622.
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In reinforced concrete structures constructed on the coastline of the hypersaline Arabian Gulf water, corrosion of reinforcing steel causes cracking, delamination and spalling of concrete, within a time span of a few years. The King Abdullah Civic Center (KACC), being constructed on a reclaimed land off the coastline in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia, is a major complex with wharves, quay walls, and breakwater and commercial buildings. To ensure the durability of buildings in the harsh marine environment and to provide a minimum service life of 35 years, a concrete mix in which 70% of Portland cement is replaced by granulated ground blast furnace slag (GGBFS) was recommended based on durability modeling conducted using the software STADIUM®. Concrete with 70% GGBFS provides for the dual objective of achieving a green concrete and an enhanced service life of the building. Based on durability modelling it was concluded that corrosion inhibitor should be used preferably in the concrete. A detailed experimental program was conducted to assess the durability and strength properties of the 70% GGBFS concrete, with and without corrosion inhibitor. This paper presents the results of experimental investigations and durability modeling conducted for the project. A 70% GGBFS concrete mix without corrosion inhibitor was adopted for the raft foundation and subsequently for the entire building to make it a green concrete building.
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Turhan, Şeref. „Evaluation of agricultural soil radiotoxic element pollution around a lignite-burning thermal power plant“. Radiochimica Acta 108, Nr. 1 (18.12.2019): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2018-3051.
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Abstract Lignite coal is a major and an essential domestic energy source in Turkey. Many environmental problems and human health hazards may arise during lignite coal exploitation, combustion, and waste (fly and bottom ash and slag) disposal. In addition, lignite-burning power plants can be significant contributors to deposition of radiotoxic elements and/or toxic heavy metals on soil and water. The concentrations of thorium (Th) and uranium (U) in a 140 agricultural soil samples collected from the vicinity of a lignite-burning thermal power plant (LBTPP), located in Kangal district of Sivas province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey, were determined using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The concentrations of Th and U varied from 2.9 to 12.7 μg g−1 with an average value of 5.8 μg g−1 and 0.3–12.3 μg g−1 with an average value of 1.5 μg g−1, respectively. The radiotoxic elements pollution in agricultural soils was evaluated using pollution indices such as geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factors (EF), pollution index (PI) and Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI). The average value of Igeo, EF and PI estimated for Th and U were found as −1.8, 1.2 and 0.44 and −1.7, 1.7 and 0.58, respectively. The results indicated that the soils around Kangal LBTPP were practically unpolluted to low polluted with Th and U. The NIPI values varied from 0.3 to 4.0 with an average value of 0.6. The evaluation result of NIPI revealed that 86 % of total soil samples were non-polluted.
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Zhao, Z., P. D. Bons, G. Wang, A. Soesoo und Y. Liu. „Tectonic evolution and high-pressure rock exhumation in the Qiangtang Terrane, Central Tibet“. Solid Earth Discussions 7, Nr. 1 (23.01.2015): 329–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-7-329-2015.
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Abstract. Conflicting interpretations of the > 500 km long, east-west trending Qiangtang Metamorphic Belt have led to very different and contradicting models for the Permo-Triassic tectonic evolution of Central Tibet. We define two metamorphic events, one that only affected Pre-Ordovician basement rocks and one subduction-related Triassic high-pressure metamorphism event. Detailed mapping and structural analysis allowed us to define three main units that were juxtaposed due to collision of the North and South Qiangtang terranes after closure of the Ordovician-Triassic ocean that separated them. The base is formed by the Precambrian-Carboniferous basement, followed by non-metamorphic ophiolitic mélange, containing mafic rocks that range in age from the Ordovician to Middle Triassic. The top of the sequence is formed by strongly deformed sedimentary mélange that contains up to > 10 km size rafts of both un-metamorphosed Permian sediments and high-pressure blueschists. We propose that the high-pressure rocks were exhumed from underneath the South Qiangtang Terrane in an extensional setting caused by the pull of the northward subducting slab of the Shuanghu-Tethys. High-pressure rocks, sedimentary mélange and margin sediments were thrust on top of the ophiolitic mélange that was scraped off the subducting plate. Both units were subsequently thrust on top of the South Qiantang Terrane continental basement. Onset of Late Triassic sedimentation marked the end of the amalgamation of both Qiangtang terranes and the beginning of spreading between Qiantang and North Lhasa to the south, leading to the deposition of thick flysch deposits in the Jurassic.
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Zhao, Z., P. D. Bons, G. Wang, A. Soesoo und Y. Liu. „Tectonic evolution and high-pressure rock exhumation in the Qiangtang terrane, central Tibet“. Solid Earth 6, Nr. 2 (30.04.2015): 457–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-6-457-2015.
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Abstract. Conflicting interpretations of the > 500 km long, east–west-trending Qiangtang metamorphic belt have led to very different and contradicting models for the Permo–Triassic tectonic evolution of central Tibet. We define two metamorphic events, one that only affected pre-Ordovician basement rocks and one subduction-related Triassic high-pressure metamorphism event. Detailed mapping and structural analysis allowed us to define three main units that were juxtaposed due to collision of the north and south Qiangtang terranes after closure of the Ordovician–Triassic ocean that separated them. The base is formed by the Precambrian–Carboniferous basement, followed by non-metamorphic ophiolitic mélange containing mafic rocks that range in age from the Ordovician to Middle Triassic. The top of the sequence is formed by strongly deformed sedimentary mélange that contains up to > 10 km size rafts of both unmetamorphosed Permian sediments and high-pressure blueschists. We propose that the high-pressure rocks were exhumed from underneath the south Qiangtang terrane in an extensional setting caused by the pull of the northward subducting slab of the Shuanghu–Tethys. High-pressure rocks, sedimentary mélange and margin sediments were thrust on top of the ophiolitic mélange that was scraped off the subducting plate. Both units were subsequently thrust on top of the south Qiantang terrane continental basement. Onset of Late Triassic sedimentation marked the end of the amalgamation of both Qiangtang terranes and the beginning of spreading between Qiantang and north Lhasa to the south, leading to the deposition of thick flysch deposits in the Jurassic.
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Erick, Kenny, und Alfred J. Susilo. „Parametric Analysis of Blast Load Effect On Diaphragm Wall In Basement“. International Journal of Application on Sciences, Technology and Engineering 1, Nr. 1 (28.02.2023): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/ijaste.v1.i1.132-139.
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There are various kinds of loads acting on the basement structure of a building, blast load for an example. In this study, the effect of variation of the structural and soil parameter values on the response of the basement structure due to blast load will be analyzed. Thus, it can be seen the influence of the tested parameters. The deformation of the diaphragm wall will be the focus of this research. This research will be using Midas GTS NX program in modeling the basement structure of the building and the surrounding soil using the finite element method. The analyzed basement structure consists of flat slabs, diaphragm wall, king posts, raft, and pile foundation. The analyzed blast load is a surface blast load of 40000 liters of gasoline that occurs at a distance of 20m from the building and will be analyzed using the time history method. The analysis was carried out on 12 parameters: the void ratio of soil, the density of soil, cohesion, undrained shear strength, elasticity modulus of soil, poisson ratio of soil, porosity, structural damping ratio, damping ratio of soil, shear angle of soil, diaphragm wall’s thickness, and concrete’s quality of the diaphragm wall. From the results of the analysis, it is found that the parameters that affect the deformation of the diaphragm wall are the modulus of elasticity of the soil, density of soil, the poisson ratio of the soil, diaphragm wall’s thickness, and the concrete’s quality of the diaphragm wall. The soil modulus of elasticity has greatest influence on deformation changes, which is 282.27%, while concrete compressive strength of diaphragm wall has smallest influence, which is 0.87%.
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Jóvér, Vivien, Zoltán Major, Attila Németh, Dmytro Kurhan, Mykola Sysyn und Szabolcs Fischer. „Investigation of the Geometrical Deterioration of Paved Superstructure Tramway Tracks in Budapest (Hungary)“. Infrastructures 8, Nr. 8 (14.08.2023): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures8080126.
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In the 21st century, one of the key requirements is to develop and maintain our infrastructure facilities most efficiently using the available resources. Tramways are of significant national economic importance and represent an important national asset. There are currently seven different types of superstructure systems in Hungary, based on the national regulations and the related requirements currently in force. This paper compares the paved tramway superstructure systems in the context of track geometry, through-rolled axle tons of track, and the age of track sections. Paved tracks have many benefits, but the main ones are easier maintenance and road traffic use. Elastically supported continuous rail bedding (ESCRB; in Hungary, this is known as “RAFS”) and “large” slab superstructure systems are used to create paved superstructure systems. Road crossings use the latter systems, while heavily loaded lines use several ESCRB systems. This article examines the geometrical changes in several ESCRB superstructure systems. A TrackScan 4.01 instrument was used to take measurements in June and September 2021 and in April 2022, September 2022, and May 2023. Track gauge, alignment, and longitudinal level are examined. Regardless of the ESCRB superstructure system or age, a medium-loaded line’s track gauge trendline increases, which means that the track gauge is widening and, regardless of traffic load or age, the average longitudinal level is constantly increasing from year to year. When it is a medium-loaded line, the average value of alignment increases slightly, and the trendline is almost straight, but it decreases when it is an extremely heavily loaded line. The authors will analyze how the reference track section will change in the future. Based on the results, it is important to assess how subsequent measurements affect the trend lines. Because the data evaluations show similar results, comparing open tramway tracks to paved ones is crucial.
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Oberholzer, Ursula, André Nantel, Judith Berman und Malcolm Whiteway. „Transcript Profiles of Candida albicans Cortical Actin Patch Mutants Reflect Their Cellular Defects: Contribution of the Hog1p and Mkc1p Signaling Pathways“. Eukaryotic Cell 5, Nr. 8 (August 2006): 1252–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00385-05.
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ABSTRACT In Candida albicans, Myo5p and Sla2p are required for the polarized localization and function of cortical actin patches, for hyphal formation, and for endocytosis. Deletion of either the MYO5 or the SLA2 gene generated a common transcriptional response that involved changes in the transcript levels of cell wall protein- and membrane protein-encoding genes. However, these profiles were distinct from those observed for a mutant with specific deletions of the actin-organizing domains of Myo5p or for wild-type cells treated with cytochalasin A, both of which also generate defects in the organization of cortical actin patches. The profiles observed for the myo5Δ and sla2Δ mutants had similarities to those of wild-type cells subjected to an osmotic shock, and the defects in cortical patch function found with myo5Δ and sla2Δ mutants, but not cortical actin patch distribution per se, affected sensitivity to various stresses, including heat and osmotic shocks and cell wall damage. Secondary effects coupled with defective endocytosis, such as lack of polarized lipid rafts and associated protein Rvs167-GFP (where GFP is green fluorescent protein) and lack of polarized wall remodeling protein GFP-Gsc1, were also observed for the myo5Δ and sla2Δ mutants. The mitogen-activated protein kinases Hog1p and Mkc1p, which mediate signaling in response to osmotic stress and cell wall damage, do not play a major role in regulating the transcript level changes in the myo5Δ and sla2Δ mutants. Hog1p was not hyperphosphorylated in the myo5Δ and sla2Δ mutants, and the transcript levels of only a subset of genes affected in the myo5Δ mutant were dependent upon the presence of Hog1p and Mkc1p. However, it appears that Hog1p and Mkc1p play important roles in the myo5Δ mutant cells because double deletion of myosin I and either Hog1p or Mkc1p resulted in very-slow-growing cells.
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Pokorna, Petra, Hana Palova, Sona Adamcova, Vojtech Bystry, Michal Kyr, Dagmar Al Tukmachi, Sona Mejstrikova, Peter Mudry, Jaroslav Sterba und Ondrej Slaby. „Abstract 4511: Impact of the comprehensive genomic profiling on the individual therapeutic planning in high-risk/refractory tumors: real-world precision medicine in pediatric oncology“. Cancer Research 83, Nr. 7_Supplement (04.04.2023): 4511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-4511.
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Abstract Background: Despite major improvements in the survival of pediatric cancer patients that were achieved through the intensification of chemotherapy and the perfection of supportive care in the past decades, treatment outcomes for high-risk, relapsed, and refractory solid cancers remain unsatisfactory. Accelerating the progress of pediatric oncology requires both therapeutic advances and attention to reducing the long-term cytotoxic treatment-related side effects. This could be achieved by targeting specific molecular changes that drive pediatric malignancies. Material and Methods: From September 2016 to August 2020, a total of 192 patients with pediatric high-risk solid tumors successfully underwent comprehensive genomic profiling. Since more than thirty patients had two or more biopsies from recurrent relapses, the total number of samples examined was 295. In the cohort, there were 78 cases of central nervous system tumors, 68 sarcomas, 14 neuroblastomas, 10 lymphomas, and 22 tumors of other histology. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in all patients, fusion gene analysis in 96% of patients, whole-transcriptome profiling in 84% of patients, and CNV analysis in 63% of patients. Results: The diagnostic yield of therapeutically actionable findings was 40%, with single-nucleotide variants and small insertions/deletions being the most common actionable alteration types. In 23% of patients, a clinically relevant gene fusion was identified. The majority of the identified fusions were of diagnostic significance, and 18% of those were therapeutically targetable gene fusions involving BRAF, RAF1, ALK, FGFR1, or NTRK2. Four patients were eligible for immunotherapy based on high tumor mutational burden (>10 mut/Mb). Lymphomas and CNS tumors showed the highest rate of patients with therapeutically actionable findings (60% and 56%, respectively), followed by neuroblastomas (36%), sarcomas (25%), and other solid tumors (23%). All results and individual treatment plans were discussed at multidisciplinary molecular tumor boards. Conclusion: Precision medicine in pediatric oncology has rapidly developed over the last decade and resulted in new therapeutic options based on molecular biomarkers and increased our understanding of the complexity of pediatric malignancies. Supported by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, grant nr. NU20-03-00240 and the project National Institute for Cancer Research (Programme EXCELES, ID Project No. LX22NPO5102) - Funded by the European Union - Next Generation EU. Citation Format: Petra Pokorna, Hana Palova, Sona Adamcova, Vojtech Bystry, Michal Kyr, Dagmar Al Tukmachi, Sona Mejstrikova, Peter Mudry, Jaroslav Sterba, Ondrej Slaby. Impact of the comprehensive genomic profiling on the individual therapeutic planning in high-risk/refractory tumors: real-world precision medicine in pediatric oncology. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4511.
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Anuar, Nur Najwa Irdina, Felix Ling Ngee Leh und Mohd Khaidir Abu Talib. „Optimum Design of Oil Tank Foundation on Different Soil Conditions“. Journal of Sustainable Underground Exploration 2, Nr. 1 (30.11.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.30880/jsue.2022.02.01.006.
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Tank foundation is a base for the tank which is designed to support the weight of oil tank in order to ensure its stability. Failure of tank foundation usually occurred when the foundation system cannot support the weight of the tank or the soil bearing capacity of the area failed to resist the imposed stress from oil tank inclusive of foundation’s self-weight. Failure of tank foundation can lead to pivoting effect and cracking on the foundation slab. Hence, the right choice of foundation system with reference to the bearing capacity of foundation soil is important to ensure the stability of tank foundation. Thus, this study was carried out in order to determine the deformation characteristics of foundation slab of oil tank foundation on different soil conditions with the aim to determine optimum design of oil tank foundation. The dimensions and design of the models were based on a published case study. Series of analyses with finite element models were conducted using STAAD Foundation CONNECT Edition V9. The models were aimed to analyze the stability of foundation structure, and deformation characteristics of the foundation slabs on different soil conditions. Three types of foundation system (raft, pile raft and pile foundation) were modelled in STAAD Foundation CONNECT Edition V9. The findings showed that the most optimum design for foundation structure on stiff residual soil is raft foundation. Whereas pile raft foundation structure is the most appropriate to construct on unconsolidated marine sediment deposit while pile foundation structure is highly recommended on soft peaty soil.
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„PARAMETRIC STUDY OF BEAM SLAB RAFT FOUNDATION“. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development 4, Nr. 05 (31.05.2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.21090/ijaerd.95050.
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Chandrasekhar, Kandukur. „U-BOOT CONSTRUCTION TECHOLOGY“. INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 06, Nr. 11 (14.11.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem16825.
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U-boot betons is a formwork made of recycled polypropylene, designed to create lightened intermediate slabs and raft foundations in reinforced concrete. The use of U-boot formworks permits to build specific mushroom slabs: the mushroom is part of the slab thickness. U-boot remains dip into the concrete casting. Thus, a grid of orthogonal beams, superiorly and inferiorly closed by plane slabs of different heights, is obtained without executing two distinct concrete castings, all that implies a remarkable saving of concrete and reinforcement. A simply supported reinforced concrete beam has two zones, one above neutral axis and other below neutral axis. The region below neutral axis is in tension and above neutral axis is in compression. As concrete is weak in tension, steel reinforcements are provided in tension zone. The concrete below the neutral axis acts as a stress transfer medium between the compression zone and tension zone. Polythene u boots of varying sizes of 50*50 mm, 60*60 mm & height of 40 cm, thickness of 10 cm at 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm spacing u boots are placed in compression zone. Hence the usage of concrete in beams and self-weight of the beams gets reduced considerably. The Load carrying capacity, Deflection of beams and crack patterns were studied and compared with conventional reinforced concrete beams. Key words: Orthogonal Slab, U- Boot, Mushroom slab
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„Effect of Shear wall Geometry on Ten Storey Building with Raft and Fixed base Foundation“. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, Nr. 1 (30.10.2019): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.a1073.109119.
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:Raft foundation is widely used for high-rise buildings where presence of shear wall is very common. Shear Wall resists a major portion of the lateral load of high-rise buildings. So, presence of shear wall on mat foundation causes significant change in pattern and intensity of loading on mat foundation. The present work involved an investigation of effect of shear wall geometry in different seismic zones with and without the presence of raft foundation. Multi storey building with ten storey is analysed for the storey drift, storey displacement and base shear. The analysis of building is done by response spectrum analysis. The different shapes of shear walls C,L,F,I with same plan area is considered. The effect of shear wall geometry is studied in zone II, zone III, zone IV, zone V. Loads and load combinations selected based on IS 456-2000 and IS 875-1987 code. Three types of soil conditions are considered typeI ,typeII, typeIII.Raft foundation is designed by meshing the slab into equal quadrilaterals.Assigning of area springs to the each quadrilateral.Meshing is done inorder to convert the infinite solution into finite solution.The different shapes of the shear walls is analysed in zone V with the raft foundation in type III.The results are compared with and without the raft foundation ,conclusions are drawn that the best shape of the shear wall suits in different seismic zones.
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Pourfakhrian, Leila, und Hamed Bayesteh. „Effect of slab stiffness on the geotechnical performance of energy piled-raft foundation under thermo-mechanical loads“. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 02.09.2020, 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2020.1812120.
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„Structural Design of Skyscrapers Susceptible to Seismic Activity and Soil Liquefaction“. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, Nr. 5 (30.01.2020): 2546–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.e6527.018520.
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The design of skyscrapers involves lot of aspects such as the building must withstand heavy dead loads, should have safety measures against fire, floors must be easily accessible, and should have resistant against wind and seismic loads that can be detrimental to the safety of the skyscraper. Pile foundations are usually adopted for high rise buildings and when it is combined with raft slab they ensure that the problems of differential settlement are taken care of. In this paper the scenario of designing a skyscraper in seismic zone that is prone to earthquakes and the ground condition is such that it is located in vicinity of sea. Andaman and Nicobar isle is one similar place it falls under Zone V as per Indian Standards, hence prone to seismic activity and since it is surrounded by Bay of Bengal and Andaman sea, when seismic activity occurs there is a high chance of soil liquefaction to occur hence proper structural designs should be embraced.
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Erick, Kenny, und Alfred Jonathan Susilo. „STUDI PARAMETRIK DENGAN RESPONS SPEKTRUM TERHADAP DEFORMASI DINDING DIAFRAGMA PADA BASEMENT DENGAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA“. JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil, 30.05.2022, 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmts.v5i2.16659.
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There are various dynamic loads acting on basement structure of building, for example earthquake load. It can be influenced by many parameters, both structural and soil parameters. Therefore, the effect of variation of the structural and soil parameter values on the response of basement structure due to earthquake load will be analyzed. Thus, it can be seen the influence of studied parameters on the response of the basement. The deformation of diaphragm wall will be the focus in this study. This research will be using Midas GTS NX program in modelling the basement structure of the building and the surrounding soil using the finite element method. The analyzed basement structure consists of flat slab, diaphragm wall, king post, raft, and pile foundation. Earthquake load will be analyzed using the response spectrum method based on data of Jakarta. From the analysis, it is found that the parameters that affect the deformation of the diaphragm wall are the soil’s modulus of elasticity, soil’s density, soil’s poisson ratio, diaphragm wall’s thickness and concrete’s quality of diaphragm wall. Soil’s modulus of elasticity has greatest influence on deformation changes, which is 30,29%, while concrete’s quality of diaphragm wall has smallest influence, which is 0,027%.Terdapat berbagai macam beban dinamik yang bekerja pada struktur basement sebuah bangunan, misalnya adalah beban gempa. Respons struktur akibat beban gempa tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh banyak parameter, baik parameter struktural maupun parameter dari tanah. Maka, pada penelitian ini akan dianalisa efek variasi nilai parameter struktur dan tanah terhadap respons dari struktur basement akibat beban gempa. Dengan demikian, dapat diketahui pengaruh berbagai parameter terhadap respons struktur basement. Respons struktur yang diteliti adalah deformasi dari dinding diafragma. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan dengan bantuan program Midas GTS NX dalam memodelkan struktur basement bangunan dan tanah disekitarnya dengan metode elemen hingga. Struktur basement yang dianalisa terdiri dari pelat tipe flat slab, dinding diafragma, king post, raft, dan fondasi tiang. Beban gempa dianalisa dengan metode respons spektrum berdasarkan data wilayah Jakata. Dari hasil analisa diperoleh bahwa parameter yang berpengaruh pada deformasi dinding diafragma adalah modulus elastisitas tanah, berat jenis tanah, poisson ratio tanah, tebal dinding diafragma dan mutu beton dinding diafragma. Modulus elastisitas tanah memiliki pengaruh pada perubahan deformasi yang paling besar yaitu 30,29%, sedangkan mutu beton dinding diafragma memiliki pengaruh yang paling kecil yaitu 0,027%.
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Ghencea, Adrian. „Finite Element Modeling Considerations of Deep Foundations. The Control Instruments in the Discretization Mesh Generation at the Pilot-Raft Interaction Point“. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Series I - Engineering Sciences, 06.07.2023, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31926/but.ens.2022.15.64.2.1.
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The article aims to give a less theoretical and more practical definition to the tool called Subregion, from which the advantage of directly controlling the stiffness of the scraper slab without bringing an additional load of its own weight to the pilot's head can be concretely demonstrated. Deep foundations will therefore be analyzed. The Subregion is extremely useful in finite element modeling because it helps define caps without breaking the continuous surface of tile elements. This aspect will be covered in detail in the article, such modeling with Subregions leads to high-performance computational models, optimal from the point of view of file sizes. From practice, the author will present two case studies, concluding on the optimal ratio between the precision of the calculations and the volume of probable errors at the level of the results.
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Teodosio, B., P. L. P. Wasantha, M. Guerrieri, R. C. van Staden und S. Fragomeni. „Prediction of Residential Slab Foundation Movement Through a Finite Element-Based Deep Learning Algorithm“. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 17.10.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-022-02316-1.
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AbstractDeep learning networks were employed to predict the maximum differential deflection of stiffened and waffle rafts due to reactive soil movements, Δmax. Four deep learning networks were used to predict Δmax, these are (1) stiffened rafts on shrinking soil, (2) stiffened rafts on swelling soil, (3) waffle rafts on shrinking soil, and (4) waffle rafts on swelling soil. The deep learning models were used to create design lines, which showed that both soil and structural features strongly influence the stiffened rafts. In contrast, waffle rafts showed a strong dependence on soil features in shrinking soils and beam depth in swelling soils. This demonstrates that the finite element-based deep learning networks captured the effect of the embedment of the beams. The results of the deep learning models led to non-linear design curves, which are disparate from the suggested standard Australian design. These results suggest that increasing the value of beam depth can have a positive or negative impact on the global residential slab depending on the type of substructure and whether the founding reactive soil is shrinking or swelling. Global sensitivity analyses of the deep learning models showed that for stiffened rafts on shrinking soil, the slab length, slab width and active depth zone of reactive soil had the most significant influence on Δmax, whilst for stiffened rafts on swelling soil, the primary drivers are ground movement, beam depth, and slab width. The prediction of Δmax for waffle rafts on shrinking soil was driven by the surface characteristic and mound movements, and the active depth zone, whilst waffle rafts on swelling soil was driven by the beam depth. Overall, the finite element-based deep learning showed the capacity to estimate Δmax in both shrinking and swelling design scenarios for different types of residential footing systems to further understand the characteristic behaviour of shallow residential slab foundations on reactive soils leading to improved designs.
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Todorov, Miroslav. „PROBLEMS IN RECONSTRUCTION OF PILE-RAFT FOUNDATION“. Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction 3, Nr. 1 (Mai 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.14455/isec.res.2016.42.
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In practice, in many cases using combination of piles and large-slabs could be observed technological and structural defects before the start of their operation. These defects are dictated by the complex interaction between piles system and thin raft slabs. In order to establish the causes of defects can be imposed a wide range of studies covering research on the ground, the reinforced concrete structural elements and materials (piles and raft), the technology performance and others. In this study in order to identify the causes of defects are used a series of research methods for determining the properties of materials, environmental conditions and computational models to describe the interaction between ground and upper structure. With this set of methods are established causes and selected measures for appropriate reconstruction. The scope of these measures consists in the use of a combination of hardening by injection of the ground under the contact base of raft. With grouting the aims are to improve the skin friction and end bearing resistance of the piles. In the complex decision are sought the approaches to keep the completed structures-piles and raft. The focus of this work is to improve the interaction of the pile-raft system and ground base at the expense of reducing the load on piles. In this case, the geological formation, represented by Paleogene sediments with alternating layers of hard clay and clay sandstones largely supports the realization of the design measures.