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Thematische Bibliographien / Rainwater tanks / Zeitschriftenartikel

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Rainwater tanks“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 20. Februar 2023

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1

Kim, Mikyeong, Gippeum Bak, and Mooyoung Han. "Comparing the microbial characteristics of rainwater in two operating rainwater tanks with different surface-to-volume ratios." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.626.

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In this study, the microbial characteristics of rainwater in two tanks with different surface-to-volume ratios were investigated and compared to determine how the internal design features of storage tanks affect water quality. The particle and nutrient parameters of the rainwater, including turbidity, suspended solids, total organic carbon, and total phosphate, were lower in Tank 2, which had a surface-to-volume ratio 7.5 times greater than that of Tank 1. In addition, although the rainwater was collected from the same catchment area, the water in Tank 1 had greater numbers of bacteria, and th

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Moglia, Magnus, Grace Tjandraatmadja, and Ashok K. Sharma. "Exploring the need for rainwater tank maintenance: survey, review and simulations." Water Supply 13, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.021.

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Rainwater tanks are a common feature of the urban landscape in Australia and globally. In Brisbane, Australia, provision of alternative water in new homes is mandatory and to meet this requirement rainwater tanks are considered an important option. The water savings of rainwater tanks can help defer investments in supply infrastructures. An emerging concern is that there is currently no mechanism in place for making sure that the household rainwater collection systems are maintained and in a good condition. In fact, in many locations, there is growing concern about whether the condition of thi

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Ahmed, W., L. Hodgers, J. P. S. Sidhu, and S. Toze. "Fecal Indicators and Zoonotic Pathogens in Household Drinking Water Taps Fed from Rainwater Tanks in Southeast Queensland, Australia." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 1 (October 21, 2011): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.06554-11.

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ABSTRACTIn this study, the microbiological quality of household tap water samples fed from rainwater tanks was assessed by monitoring the numbers ofEscherichia colibacteria and enterococci from 24 households in Southeast Queensland (SEQ), Australia. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was also used for the quantitative detection of zoonotic pathogens in water samples from rainwater tanks and connected household taps. The numbers of zoonotic pathogens were also estimated in fecal samples from possums and various species of birds by using qPCR, as possums and birds are considered to be the potential sources

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Tapsuwan, Sorada, Stephen Cook, and Magnus Moglia. "Willingness to Pay for Rainwater Tank Features: A Post-Drought Analysis of Sydney Water Users." Water 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2018): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091199.

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The Millennium Drought across Australia during the 2000s placed cities under pressure in providing urban water security. In Sydney, Australia’s largest city, a comprehensive water demand programme triggered a significant reduction in per capita water consumption. The water demand programme included incentives for the installation of rainwater tanks. This paper explores the willingness to pay (WTP) for rainwater tank features in the post-drought context. Rainwater tanks have been demonstrated as an effective measure to reduce mains water demand, but they also provide broader environmental and e

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Sharma, Ashok, and Ted Gardner. "Comprehensive Assessment Methodology for Urban Residential Rainwater Tank Implementation." Water 12, no. 2 (January 21, 2020): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020315.

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Rainwater tanks are increasingly being implemented as part of the integrated urban water management paradigm where all sources of water, including potable, stormwater and recycled, are considered eligible to contribute to the urban water supply. Over the last decade or so, there has been a rapid uptake of rainwater tank systems in urban areas, especially in Australian cities, encouraged through financial incentives, but more importantly, from change in residential building codes effectively mandating the installation of rainwater tanks. Homes with rainwater tanks in Australian cities have incr

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Coombes, P. J., and M. E. Barry. "The effect of selection of time steps and average assumptions on the continuous simulation of rainwater harvesting strategies." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.102.

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The use of domestic rainwater tanks with back up from mains water supplies in urban areas can produce considerable reductions in mains water demands and stormwater runoff. It is commonplace to analyse the performance of rainwater tanks using continuous simulation with daily time steps and average water use assumptions. This paper compares this simplistic analysis to more detailed analysis that employs 6 minute time steps and climate dependent water demand. The use of daily time steps produced considerable under-estimation of annual rainwater yields that were dependent on tank size, rain depth,

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Bos, Darren G. "Private assets for public benefit: the challenge of long-term management of domestic rainwater tanks." Blue-Green Systems 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2021.003.

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Abstract This study explored the relationship private landowners have with their domestic rainwater tank and how that relationship influences the reliability of privately operated rainwater tanks for long-term performance and delivery of service. It found that tank owners generally placed a high value on their tank, desired to have them fully operational and made a reasonable effort to keep them functioning. However, the frequency and extent of maintenance action and effort was variable, and in the context of a private residence, rainwater tanks were typically afforded a low relative priority

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van der Sterren, M., A. Rahman, and G. R. Dennis. "Implications to stormwater management as a result of lot scale rainwater tank systems: a case study in Western Sydney, Australia." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 8 (April 1, 2012): 1475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.033.

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Rainwater tanks are increasingly adopted in Australia to reduce potable water demand and are perceived to reduce the volume of stormwater discharge from developments. This paper investigates the water balance of rainwater tanks, in particular the possible impacts these tanks could have in controlling the stormwater discharge volume. The study collected water quantity data from two sites in the Hawkesbury City Council area, New South Wales, Australia and utilised the collected data in a simple water balance model to assess the effectiveness of rainwater tanks in reducing the stormwater discharg

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Magyar, M. I., V. G. Mitchell, A. R. Ladson, and C. Diaper. "An investigation of rainwater tanks quality and sediment dynamics." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 9 (November 1, 2007): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.738.

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Rainwater tanks are being introduced into urban areas in Australia to supplement centralised potable supply systems. A pilot scale tank study and a full-scale field tank study found that heavy metal concentrations in water samples taken from the tank's supply point can, in some cases, exceed levels recommended by guidelines. Both studies also found very high concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments accumulated at the base of rainwater tanks. Laboratory experiments are underway to investigate sediment transport processes within a full-scale tank. Preliminary results demonstrate the effec

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Crawford, R. H., V. Paton-Cole, R. Turnbull, E. Fitzgerald, A. Michalewicz, and J. Garber. "Trends in residential sustainability measures in the state of Victoria." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 022018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/2/022018.

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Abstract Buildings require a significant quantity of energy and water during their operation. Solar water heaters and rainwater tanks have become increasingly common to reduce the demand for fossil-fuel based energy and mains water within buildings. Since 2006, the Victorian Building Authority has required either a rainwater tank or solar water heater to be installed in any new house built in Victoria, Australia. This research analyses the trend in adoption of these two systems using data from building permits issued from 2006 to 2019. This shows that despite an initial preference for rainwate

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Raimondi, A., and G. Becciu. "Probabilistic Modeling of Rainwater Tanks." Procedia Engineering 89 (2014): 1493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.437.

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Khastagir, Anirban, and Niranjali Jayasuriya. "Investment Evaluation of Rainwater Tanks." Water Resources Management 25, no. 14 (July 20, 2011): 3769–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-011-9883-1.

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Han, M. Y., and J. S. Mun. "Particle behaviour consideration to maximize the settling capacity of rainwater storage tanks." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 11 (December 1, 2007): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.778.

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Design of a rainwater storage tank is mostly based on the mass balance of rainwater with respect to the tank, considering aspects such as rainfall runoff, water usage and overflow. So far, however, little information is available on the quality aspects of the stored rainwater, such as the behavior of particles, the effect of retention time of the water in the tank and possible influences of system configuration on water quality in the storage tank. In this study, we showed that the performance of rainwater storage tanks could be maximized by recognizing the importance of water quality improvem

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Tjandraatmadja, G., C. Pollard, A. Sharma, and T. Gardner. "How supply system design can reduce the energy footprint of rainwater supply in urban areas in Australia." Water Supply 13, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.057.

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In Australia rainwater tanks are used in cities to reduce demand of mains water and increase the resilience of cities to drought. Rainwater is collected in a tank and supplied to a dwelling through a small pump. Typically the energy footprint for rainwater supply (in kWh/kL) is higher than for centralised water supply, but it can also vary markedly from dwelling to dwelling (0.4–11 kWh/kL). This study aimed to understand how the design of the rainwater supply system from the collection tank to the household can reduce the energy consumption of pumping. We examined the operation of a range of s

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Khastagir, A., and L. N. N. Jayasuriya. "Impacts of using rainwater tanks on stormwater harvesting and runoff quality." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 2 (July 1, 2010): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.283.

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The popularity of rainwater use in Australia depends completely on the individual householder's preference. The quality of reticulated water supplies in major cities of Australia is far superior to water stored in rainwater tanks. However, due to persistent drought and the implementation of stringent water restrictions, cities such as Melbourne have encouraged the use of rainwater harvesting within the property. The benefits of trapping stormwater within a property and using it effectively also reduce polluted runoff excess reaching receiving water. The study reported herein focuses on the eff

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Ahmed, W., L. Hodgers, N. Masters, J. P. S. Sidhu, M. Katouli, and S. Toze. "Occurrence of Intestinal and Extraintestinal Virulence Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Rainwater Tanks in Southeast Queensland, Australia." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 20 (August 26, 2011): 7394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.06047-11.

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ABSTRACTIn this study, 200Escherichia coliisolates from 22 rainwater tank samples in Southeast Queensland, Australia, were tested for the presence of 20 virulence genes (VGs) associated with intestinal and extraintestinal pathotypes. In addition,E. coliisolates were also classified into phylogenetic groups based on the detection of thechuA,yjaA, and TSPE4.C2 genes. Of the 22 rainwater tanks, 8 (36%) and 5 (23%) were positive for theeaeA(belonging to enteropathogenicE. coli[EPEC] and Shiga-toxigenicE. coli[STEC]) and ST1 (belonging to enterotoxigenicE. coli[ETEC]) genes, respectively. VGs (cdtB

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Baguma, David, Willibald Loiskandl, Ika Darnhofer, Helmut Jung, and Michael Hauser. "Knowledge of measures to safeguard harvested rainwater quality in rural domestic households." Journal of Water and Health 8, no. 2 (November 9, 2009): 334–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.030.

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Given the possibility of waterborne diseases caused by inappropriate rainwater harvesting systems, a survey was conducted in Uganda to assess existing knowledge of both physical and non-physical measures that safeguard harvested rainwater. Households who had received rainwater tanks were assessed on issues related to harvested rainwater quality. The study shows that 84% of respondents were aware of various sources of rainwater contamination, but only 5% were aware that they needed to adjust use of rainwater, depending on whether they cleaned the tank or not. Most of the respondents were not aw

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Rodrigo, S., M. Sinclair, and K. Leder. "A survey of the characteristics and maintenance of rainwater tanks in urban areas of South Australia." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 6 (March 1, 2010): 1569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.055.

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Households resident in metropolitan Adelaide and surrounding areas in South Australia were recruited into a randomised controlled trial. A total of 630 rainwater tanks with a total tank capacity of 14.5 ML were installed at the 325 households surveyed. The majority of the tanks were plumbed into the kitchen (64.6%), over 10 years in age (45.5%), over 15,000 L in capacity (42.5%) and composed of galvanised steel (36.9%). Over 90% of the households undertook one or more prevention and maintenance strategies for reducing contamination of collected rainwater. The use of first flush diverters was r

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Mukheibir, P., T. Boyle, C. Moy, and S. White. "Estimating the reliable residential water substitution from household rainwater tanks." Water Practice and Technology 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2014.040.

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In Australia, household rainwater tanks have come to be considered as one of the broad potential supply options for meeting household water demands. It has been viewed as an effective way of reducing the supply requirements by water businesses and can potentially defer future capital supply investments. With likely variability of future supplies and demands due to climate change impacts, rainwater tanks also have an important role in building future resilience to shifts in historical trends, and also can potentially play a role in mitigating stormwater damage. The substitution of mains supplie

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Raya, Raghavendra Kumar, and Rajiv Gupta. "Rural community water management through directional tunnelling: visual modelling of rainwater harvesting system." Water Practice and Technology 15, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 734–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2020.060.

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Abstract Rainwater, a prominent source of water, needs to be properly harvested for better utilisation during water unavailable circumstances. Creating rainwater storage structures is an important aspect in the planning of water resources as it serves for future water usage and consumption. Advancements in rainwater storage structures are not happening on a large scale. Most of the structures are limited to individual household rainwater collection. Innovations and advanced technology applications must address rainwater storage functioning for a community. This research work proposes an innova

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Qin, Yinghong, Zhengce Huang, Zebin Yu, Zhikui Liu, and Lei Wang. "A Novel Buffer Tank to Attenuate the Peak Flow of Runoff." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 12 (December 3, 2019): 2525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091430.

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Impermeable pavements and roofs in urban areas convert most rainfall to runoff, which is commonly discharged to local sewers pipes and finally to the nearby streams and rivers. In case of heavy rain, the peak flow of runoff usually exceeds the carrying capacity of the local sewer pipes, leading to urban flooding. Traditional facilities, such as green roofs, permeable pavements, soakaways, rainwater tanks, rain barrels, and others reduce the runoff volume in case of a small rain but fail in case of a heavy rain. Here we propose a novel rainwater buffer tank to detain runoff from the nearby seal

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Teston, Andréa, Celimar Teixeira, Enedir Ghisi, and Ernani Cardoso. "Impact of Rainwater Harvesting on the Drainage System: Case Study of a Condominium of Houses in Curitiba, Southern Brazil." Water 10, no. 8 (August 18, 2018): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10081100.

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The objective of this work is to assess the impact of rainwater use in single-family houses on drinking water consumption and on the urban drainage system by means of a case study of a condominium of houses in the city of Curitiba, southern Brazil. A quantitative evaluation of the rainwater volume used and spilled in the recovery system was carried out using two methods for sizing the rainwater tank capacity. Using daily rainfall data and three demand scenarios of water consumption, it was possible to verify the efficiency and reliability of the adopted systems. Furthermore, in order to verify

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Czernek, Krystian, Marek Ochowiak, Daniel Janecki, Tomasz Zawilski, Leszek Dudek, Stanisław Witczak, Andżelika Krupińska, et al. "Sedimentation Tanks for Treating Rainwater: CFD Simulations and PIV Experiments." Energies 14, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 7852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14237852.

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The removal of solids is the most important step when treating rainwater. The article evaluates two designs of sedimentation tanks that can be used for the continuous separation of fine particles from water: OS—standard sedimentation tanks, and OW—swirl sedimentation tanks. The tanks were studied by conducting computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments. The settling process in sedimentation tank was carried out at varying operating flow rates. A tank with a modified structure was used for the tests, where water was supplied by a nozzle placed a

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Nnaji, C. C., I. V. Nnaji, and R. O. Ekwule. "Storage-induced deterioration of domestic water quality." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2019.151.

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Abstract Due to the failure of municipal supply systems in many Nigerian cities, residents often resort to long storage of water in large high-density polyethylene (HDPE) tanks in order to reduce water stress. This paper investigated deterioration of the quality of stored water for a period of 35 days. Samples from 20 purposively selected storage tanks in Enugu, Nigeria were collected for analysis. Heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform (TC), enterococci and Escherichia coli were present in 85%, 75%, 40% and 61% of the samples, respectively. E. coli (p &lt; 0.001) and heterotrophic plate c

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Spinks, Jean, Suzanne Phillips, Priscilla Robinson, and Paul Van Buynder. "Bushfires and tank rainwater quality: A cause for concern?" Journal of Water and Health 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2006.0001.

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In early 2003, after a prolonged drought period, extensive bushfires occurred in the east of Victoria affecting 1.5 million hectares of land. At the time, smoke and ash from bushfires, settling on roofs, contained pollutants that could potentially contaminate rainwater collected and stored in tanks for domestic use. The major concerns include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from incomplete combustion of organic matter and arsenic from burnt copper chrome arsenate (CCA) treated wood. An increase in microbial contamination through altered nutrient levels was also hypothesised. A pilot st

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Kim, Youngjin, and Mooyoung Han. "Rainwater storage tank as a remedy for a local urban flood control." Water Supply 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2008): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.029.

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Surcharge runoff over the capacity of drainage pipes is one of main flood breaking factors in urban area. Change into larger pipes is costly and time consuming solution. Rainwater tanks can be a sustainable solution for the control of heavy runoff. The Rainfall-Storage-Drain(RSD) model is developed for the design of rainwater tanks of flood control. Design rainfall of Huff's distribution and runoff analysis on building rooftop makes inflow curves into the tanks. Through a water balance equation, tank volume versus peak flow curves can determine the minimum tank volume needed for controlled pea

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Dobrowsky, P. H., A. van Deventer, M. De Kwaadsteniet, T. Ndlovu, S. Khan, T. E. Cloete, and W. Khan. "Prevalence of Virulence Genes Associated with Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Domestically Harvested Rainwater during Low- and High-Rainfall Periods." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 5 (December 27, 2013): 1633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03061-13.

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ABSTRACTThe possible health risks associated with the consumption of harvested rainwater remains one of the major obstacles hampering its large-scale implementation in water limited countries such as South Africa. Rainwater tank samples collected on eight occasions during the low- and high-rainfall periods (March to August 2012) in Kleinmond, South Africa, were monitored for the presence of virulence genes associated withEscherichia coli. The identity of presumptiveE. coliisolates in rainwater samples collected from 10 domestic rainwater harvesting (DRWH) tanks throughout the sampling period w

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Kus, B., J. Kandasamy, S. Vigneswaran, and H. K. Shon. "Analysis of first flush to improve the water quality in rainwater tanks." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.823.

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Although most Australians receive their domestic supply from reticulated mains or town water, there are vast areas with very low population densities and few reticulated supplies. In many of these areas rainwater collected in tanks is the primary source of drinking water. Heavy metals have recently become a concern as their concentration in rain water tanks was found to exceed recommended levels suitable for human consumption. Rainwater storage tanks also accumulate contaminants and sediments that settle to the bottom. Although not widely acknowledged, small amounts of contaminants such as lea

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Raimondi, A., and G. Becciu. "Probabilistic Design of Multi-use Rainwater Tanks." Procedia Engineering 70 (2014): 1391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.02.154.

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Zdeb, Monika, Justyna Zamorska, Dorota Papciak, and Agata Skwarczyńska-Wojsa. "Investigation of Microbiological Quality Changes of Roof-Harvested Rainwater Stored in the Tanks." Resources 10, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10100103.

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Rainwater has been found to be a valuable source of drinking water in Europe, especially in such crisis situations as those caused by contamination of water uptake into water supply systems, large-scale floods or terrorist attacks (e.g., biological weapons). The microbiological quality of water plays a significant role, which is directly related to the potential health risks associated with harvested rainwater (including rainwater stored in the tanks). Microbial contamination is commonly found in rainwater. However, in the literature, detailed results of qualitative and quantitative microbiolo

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Struk-Sokołowska, Joanna, Joanna Gwoździej-Mazur, Piotr Jadwiszczak, Andrzej Butarewicz, Piotr Ofman, Marcin Wdowikowski, and Bartosz Kaźmierczak. "The Quality of Stored Rainwater for Washing Purposes." Water 12, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010252.

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The use of rainwater for washing clothes is determined by its amount, composition and quality of washing. Raw rainwater is soft and free of pollution. The collected rainwater already contains pollution present in the atmosphere and washed away from roofs and other surfaces. It can also change its quality when stored in tanks. Washing clothes does not require drinking quality water but just clean, safe water that guarantees effective removal of dirt from fabrics. The study determined the physicochemical and microbiological changes of rainwater characteristics during retention. Rainwater was col

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Kus, B., Jaya Kandasamy, S. Vigneswaran, and H. K. Shon. "Water quality characterisation of rainwater in tanks at different times and locations." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.824.

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Rainwater collected from ten domestic roofs in Sydney and from one in Wollongong, a town south of Sydney, Australia was analysed to determine the water quality and to compare against the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) to determine its suitability as a potable water supply. The pollutants analysed were 13 heavy metals, 8 salts & minerals, pH, ammonia, orthophosphate, conductivity, water hardness, turbidity, total suspended solids, Total dissolved salts & Bicarbonate. The results indicate that the rainwater tested complied to most of the parameters specified in the ADWG. Mol

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Ward, S., F. A. Memon, and D. Butler. "Rainwater harvesting: model-based design evaluation." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.783.

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The rate of uptake of rainwater harvesting (RWH) in the UK has been slow to date, but is expected to gain momentum in the near future. The designs of two different new-build rainwater harvesting systems, based on simple methods, are evaluated using three different design methods, including a continuous simulation modelling approach. The RWH systems are shown to fulfill 36% and 46% of WC demand. Financial analyses reveal that RWH systems within large commercial buildings maybe more financially viable than smaller domestic systems. It is identified that design methods based on simple approaches

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Sharma, Ashok Kumar, Stephen Cook, Ted Gardner, and Grace Tjandraatmadja. "Rainwater tanks in modern cities: a review of current practices and research." Journal of Water and Climate Change 7, no. 3 (March 18, 2016): 445–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2016.039.

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Rainwater tanks often provide a reliable and affordable water supply source in rural and remote areas where piped water supply systems are unfeasible due to economic considerations. However, over recent decades there has been an increase in the adoption of rainwater harvesting as part of the water supply source mix in modern cities. The uptake of rainwater harvesting has been influenced by the rise of ecological sustainable development as a mainstream practice. Rainwater harvesting is now implemented as part of an integrated urban water management approach to alleviate pressure on traditional

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Kus, B., Jaya Kandasamy, S. Vigneswaran, H. K. Shon, and G. Moody. "Gravity driven membrane filtration system to improve the water quality in rainwater tanks." Water Supply 13, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.046.

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The characterisation of rainwater in metropolitan Sydney and in rural New South Wales was undertaken. The results showed that factors such as the lack of vehicular traffic, air pollution and urban contamination meant that rural rainwater water quality was better. The rain water collected in both metropolitan and rural areas generally complied with the 2004 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines except for parameters such as the pH in both the metropolitan and rural rainwater tanks and the turbidity, and lead levels from the metropolitan tanks. This paper also reports the results of a laboratory

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Campisano, Alberto, and Carlo Modica. "Appropriate resolution timescale to evaluate water saving and retention potential of rainwater harvesting for toilet flushing in single houses." Journal of Hydroinformatics 17, no. 3 (January 3, 2015): 331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2015.022.

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The main objective of the paper is to identify the appropriate temporal scale for modeling the behavior of rainwater harvesting tanks in relation to the purpose they are built for, i.e., water saving, stormwater retention potential, etc. A tank water balance model coupled with a specific procedure to determine long-term series of rainfall (tank inflow) and toilet flushes (tank outflow) at different daily and sub-daily resolution timescales was developed. The model was applied to a household case study for which detailed water demand data are available from measurements. Simulations show that t

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Liang, Ruijie, Michael Di Matteo, Holger Maier, and Mark Thyer. "Real-Time, Smart Rainwater Storage Systems: Potential Solution to Mitigate Urban Flooding." Water 11, no. 12 (November 20, 2019): 2428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122428.

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Urban water systems are being stressed due to the effects of urbanization and climate change. Although household rainwater tanks are primarily used for water supply purposes, they also have the potential to provide flood benefits. However, this potential is limited for critical storms, as they become ineffective once their capacity is exceeded. This limitation can be overcome by controlling tanks as systems during rainfall events, as this can offset the timing of outflow peaks from different tanks. In this paper, the effectiveness of such systems is tested for two tank sizes under a wide range

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Ayog, Janice Lynn, Mohd Radzif Taharin, and Tang Zi Sheng. "Rainwater Availability Assessment for Tourism Development: A Case Study of Turtle Islands Park, Sabah." Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (October 2015): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.575.

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This study mainly focused on the rainwater availability assessment in Turtle Islands Park, Sabah, Malaysia. Consisting of three small islands, this marine park is home to two endangered turtle species – Green and Hawkbills turtles. This special feature of the islands attracts tourist around the world, thus increasing the demand of freshwater supply for tourism development in the marine park. However, due to the shortage of freshwater from the ground due to salinity intrusion, rainwater is seen to be an alternative in fulfilling the freshwater demand. To evaluate the source of freshwater in the

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Vaes, G., and J. Berlamont. "The impact of rainwater reuse on CSO emissions." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 5 (March 1, 1999): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0222.

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The increasing consumption of drinking water puts a heavy burden on our future water resources. Therefore the reuse of rain water in households can be a good option to tackle this problem. On the other hand the rapidly drained rain water leads to problems in the combined sewer systems and watercourses. If the storage in the rain water tanks can be used to flatten the rain water runoff, rain water tanks can have an additional benefit. The effect of rain water tanks on the combined sewer overflow (CSO) emissions is therefore investigated with a reservoir model. Compared with storage in the combi

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Jayasooriya, V. M., V. M. M. Perera, and S. Muthukumaran. "Rainwater as an alternative drinking water source for the Chronic Kidney Disease Of Uncertain etiology (CKDu) prone areas: a case study for Girandurukotte, Sri Lanka." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 3 (July 16, 2020): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.085.

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Abstract Chronic Kidney Disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) is a fatal disease that causes death from kidney failure due to unknown risk factors and has already affected more than 400,000 people in the rural agricultural landscape (dry zone) of Sri Lanka. The major drinking source in Sri Lanka is groundwater and it is suspected that the pollution of groundwater sources due to agricultural means has a major impact on CKDu. The primary objective of this study is to determine whether rainwater can be used as an alternative safe drinking water source in Girandurukotte area, Sri Lanka, which is kn

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Lawrence, Dustin, and Vicente L. Lopes. "RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF URBAN RAINWATER HARVESTING." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 1 (August 23, 2016): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n1.124-134.

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The purpose of this study was to inform decision makers at state and local levels, as well as property owners about the amount of water that can be supplied by rainwater harvesting systems in Texas so that it may be included in any future planning. Reliability of a rainwater tank is important because people want to know that a source of water can be depended on. Performance analyses were conducted on rainwater harvesting tanks for three Texas cities under different rainfall conditions and multiple scenarios to demonstrate the importance of optimizing rainwater tank design. Reliability curves w

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Lawrence, Dustin, and Vicente L. Lopes. "RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF URBAN RAINWATER HARVESTING." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 1 (August 23, 2016): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n1.124134.

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The purpose of this study was to inform decision makers at state and local levels, as well as property owners about the amount of water that can be supplied by rainwater harvesting systems in Texas so that it may be included in any future planning. Reliability of a rainwater tank is important because people want to know that a source of water can be depended on. Performance analyses were conducted on rainwater harvesting tanks for three Texas cities under different rainfall conditions and multiple scenarios to demonstrate the importance of optimizing rainwater tank design. Reliability curves w

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Imteaz, Monzur Alam, Vassiliki Terezinha Galvão Boulomytis, Abdullah G. Yilmaz, and Abdallah Shanableh. "Water Quality Improvement through Rainwater Tanks: A Review and Simulation Study." Water 14, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14091411.

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First, this paper presents a thorough review of water quality data using a rainwater tank, categorizing the data as with and without sedimentation. Data are presented showing minimum, maximum, and mean values for the different parameters. The data measured from several sources reveal that water collected from the tank is much better than the water directly collected from the roof. In addition, to analyse the phenomena through a mathematical model, a hypothetical 5 kL rainwater tank with a 200 m2 roof was modelled with the MUSIC model. The simulations were compared with the measured water quali

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Gee, Kathy DeBusk, Daniel Schimoler, Bree T. Charron, Mitch D. Woodward, and William F. Hunt. "A Comparison of Methods to Address Anaerobic Conditions in Rainwater Harvesting Systems." Water 13, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 3419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13233419.

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Although historically used in semi-arid and arid regions, rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems have increasingly been used in non-arid and humid regions of the world to conserve potable water and mitigate stormwater runoff. Rainfall characteristics and usage patterns of stored rainwater are distinctly different in (semi-)arid and humid regions, thus presenting a unique set of challenges with respect to their utilization. Coupled with infrequent use, the addition of nitrogen and organic matter via pollen during the spring season can lead to anaerobic conditions within storage tanks, which hinders

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Sobremisana, Marisa, Antonio Gabino Sobremisana, Jasper Aliangan, and Simplicio Veluz. "Harvesting and Managing Rainwater Using Collapsible Rubber Tanks." Climate, Disaster and Development Journal 4, no. 1 (May 17, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18783/cddj.v004.i01.a01.

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Londra, Paraskevi A., Ioannis-Eleftherios Kotsatos, Nikolaos Theotokatos, Achilleas T. Theocharis, and Nicholas Dercas. "Reliability Analysis of Rainwater Harvesting Tanks for Irrigation Use in Greenhouse Agriculture." Hydrology 8, no. 3 (September 2, 2021): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8030132.

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Rainwater harvesting is an ancient water management practice that has been used to cover potable and non-potable water needs. In recent years, this practice is adopted as a promising alternative and sustainable source of water to meet irrigation needs in agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. In the present study, a daily water balance model was applied to investigate the size of rainwater tanks for irrigation use in greenhouse begonia and tomato cultivation in two regions of Greece with significant greenhouse areas. For the application of the water balance model, daily rainfall depth valu

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Ross, PhD, Kirstin E., Harriet Whiley, PhD, Emmanuel Chubaka, MEnvSci, PhD Candidate, Malinda Steenkamp, PhD, and Paul Arbon, PhD. "Potential contaminants in rainwater after a bushfire." Journal of Emergency Management 16, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2018.0367.

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Using roof harvested rainwater held in domestic rainwater tanks is a common practice in Australia, particularly in rural areas. This rainwater might become contaminated with ash and other contaminants during or after a bushfire. Current advice from Australian Health Departments can include the recommendation that landholders drain their tanks after a bushfire, which can cause additional distress to landholders who have already been through a traumatic event. This study created artificially contaminated water, spiked with chemicals likely to be associated with bushfires, including chromated cop

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Londra, Paraskevi A., Panagiota Gkolfinopoulou, Anastasia Mponou, and Achilleas T. Theocharis. "Effect of Rainfall Regime on Rainwater Harvesting Tank Sizing for Greenhouse Irrigation Use." Hydrology 9, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9070122.

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The use of rainwater harvesting tanks to supply human water needs is an old and sustainable practice. In the case of covering irrigation demand in greenhouse agriculture, the potential is huge. Still, the relative research worldwide is low, while it is nearly absent in Greece. In this study, the rainwater harvesting tank size for irrigation use of greenhouse tomato cultivation was investigated by applying a daily water balance model in three regions of Crete Island (Greece) with significant greenhouse areas. Daily rainfall data from three representative rainfall stations of the study areas cha

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Kim, Mikyeong, and Mooyoung Han. "Composition and distribution of bacteria in an operating rainwater harvesting tank." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 7 (April 1, 2011): 1524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.410.

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In this study, we investigated the phylogenetic distribution of the bacteria present in an operating rainwater tank by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and compared the bacterial composition in rainwater and biofilm from the inlet and outlet of the tank. Seventeen species were identified, the DGGE profiles of which showed a clear difference between the planktonic bacterial community and the community in the biofilm. Most of the bacteria were closely related to fresh water, soil, and biofilm bacteria found in natural environments. The high proportion of Proteobacteria indicates t

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Frichot, Joel Joseph Hughes, Rubiyatno, and Gaurav Talukdar. "Water Quality Assessment of Roof-collected Rainwater in Miri, Malaysia." Tropical Aquatic and Soil Pollution 1, no. 2 (October 25, 2021): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.53623/tasp.v1i2.19.

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Rainwater harvesting systems are becoming more acceptable as an alternative method to harvest water sources for both potable and non-potable uses. While the method has proven to be very simplistic and cost-effective, the collected rainwater source remains untreated and can pose serious health concerns if not used properly. This study focused on the physicochemical and heavy metal parameters of roof-collected rainwater in Miri, Sarawak. Individual sites were chosen throughout Miri, Sarawak for representative samples. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy was used for the analysis of heavy metal concen

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