Um die anderen Arten von Veröffentlichungen zu diesem Thema anzuzeigen, folgen Sie diesem Link: Recyclage interne.
Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Recyclage interne“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Zeitschriftenartikel für die Forschung zum Thema "Recyclage interne" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Zeitschriftenartikel für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
1
PIERONNE, P., I. RAGUÉNÈS, S. HERCULE-BOBROFF, B. HERSANT, O. LE GOALLEC und J. F. LORET. „Recyclage des effluents de lavage de filtration au sein d’une filière de production d’eau potable : un guide professionnel pour faciliter les projets“. Techniques Sciences Méthodes 1-2 (20.02.2023): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/202301051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Les usines de production d’eau potable disposent d’un levier d’amélioration de leur empreinte environnementale, via le recyclage interne des effluents de lavage de leurs filtres. Cette pratique, déjà existante en France, diminue les prélèvements dans les ressources en eau, limite les rejets et peut conduire à une économie énergétique. Toutefois, en raison d’éventuels risques sanitaires liés à la qualité de la ressource et au type de traitement, chaque projet de recyclage est considéré comme un cas particulier, et soumis à autorisation spécifique. Le cadre réglementaire du recyclage étant assez général en France, il a fallu le compléter par un cadre sanitaire. Ainsi les acteurs locaux désireux de mettre en place de tels projets et les autorités sanitaires locales chargées d’instruire les dossiers disposent depuis 2017 de lignes directrices publiées par l’Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du travail (Anses), qui s’appuient sur des études et retours d’expériences de la Fédération professionnelle des entreprises de l’eau (FP2E). Pour compléter ce document de référence, la FP2E a édité en 2021 un guide destiné à accompagner les maîtres d’ouvrage, les maîtres d’oeuvre, les concepteurs et les opérateurs, dans la conception et la gestion opérationnelle de leurs projets de recyclage. Ce guide, également diffusé aux agences régionales de santé (ARS), synthétise les principales recommandations de l’Anses et illustre de façon concrète leur application pour les grandes configurations de filières rencontrées sur le terrain. Après une brève présentation du guide FP2E, des retours d’expérience de trois services d’eau potable ayant adopté le recyclage d’effluents de lavage sont exposés, avec dans chaque cas une description des motivations et des modalités de mise en oeuvre et une synthèse des principales étapes du projet. Ces exemples montrent que cette pratique, vertueuse pour l’environnement, est suffisamment encadrée pour assurer la sécurité sanitaire. Elle est donc à promouvoir plus largement.
2
Sotomayor, O. A. Z., S. W. Park und C. Garcia. „Modèle de référence pour évaluer différentes stratégies de contrôle dans des usines de traitement des eaux usées“. Revue des sciences de l'eau 15, Nr. 2 (12.04.2005): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705468ar.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Dans la majorité des pays, il existe des lois strictes pour réglementer la qualité de l'eau provenant des systèmes de traitement d'eaux usées. Ces spécifications légales sont essentiellement influencées par des questions telles que la santé publique, l'environnement et les facteurs économiques. Les objectifs fondamentaux des procédés de traitement des eaux usées sont d'atteindre, avec l'utilisation d'énergie et à des coûts opérationnels minimaux, une concentration de matière biodégradable et de nutriments suffisamment basse dans les effluents et une production minimale de boues. Les systèmes de traitement des eaux usées sont de grandes dimensions et complexes. Ils sont aussi sujets à des variations importantes dans le flux d'entrée et dans la composition de l'eau à l'entrée, qui ne sont pas bien connues. Le procédé est multivariable, avec beaucoup de couplages croisés et nonlinéarités importantes. La dynamique dépend de la variabilité des flux d'entrée et de la complexité des phénomènes physico-chimiques et biochimiques. Le comportement dynamique démontre une énorme variation de temps de réponse (de quelques minutes jusqu'à plusieurs jours). Ces problèmes, combinés aux objectifs les plus importants du traitement des eaux usées, donnent lieu à une demande de techniques de commande avancées, qui peuvent conduire à une réduction du volume à traiter, une diminution importante dans l'utilisation des produits chimiques, et une possibilité d'économie d'énergie et une diminution des coûts d'opération. Dans ce travail, un " benchmark " (modèle de référence) d'un système complet de traitement des eaux usées a été développé, pour évaluer, à partir de simulations, la performance des différentes stratégies de commande proposées, y compris les techniques de respirométrie ("respirometry"). Ce travail s'aparente au Programme Européen d'Action COST (COST 624), et au projet "Respirometry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process (IWA Respirometry Task Group"). Le "Benchmark" représente un procédé de prédénitrification de la boue activée pour éliminer la matière organique et l'azote des effluents domestiques. Le simulateur est basé sur des modèles largement acceptés par la communauté internationale et il a été implanté dans un environnement Matlab/Simulink. La topologie du système et le développement complet du simulateur sont présentés dans ce travail. L'effet des conditions initiales et des caractéristiques du flux d'entrée (valeurs moyennes) sont analysés, aussi bien qu'un test en boucle ouverte. Les stratégies suivantes ont été sélectionnées en guise d'illustration de l'application de la commande automatique dans le "benchmark" (seulement avec commande proportionnel-intégral monovariable): commande basée sur la concentration d'oxygène dissous ("DO concentration-based control"), commande par respirométrie (commande par biomasse active et commande par taux de respiration bactérienne), et commande par concentration de nitrate (commande par dosage externe de carbone et recyclage du flux interne). Le "benchmark" est continuellement mis a jour et sa prochaine version va incorporer des fonctions d'optimisation en temps réel (on line) pour le procédé.
3
Bułkowska, Katarzyna, Magdalena Zielińska und Maciej Bułkowski. „Blockchain-Based Management of Recyclable Plastic Waste“. Energies 17, Nr. 12 (14.06.2024): 2937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17122937.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Effective management of recyclable plastic waste is critical for environmental sustainability and economic viability. Blockchain technology has transformative potential in addressing the challenges of plastic waste management. Currently, the inefficiency of plastic recycling systems results in low recycling rates and significant environmental impacts due to poor sorting, contamination, and limited technology application. However, innovations such as chemical recycling, solvent-based techniques, and biotechnology offer promising advances in the management of plastic waste. Blockchain technology provides a transparent, decentralized ledger that enhances traceability and incentives through smart contracts, decentralized applications (DApps), and digital watermarks. These blockchain solutions can improve waste tracking, automate payments, and reward participants who recycle responsibly. Although significant investment in technology and education is required, integrating blockchain with the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven analytics could revolutionize plastic waste management by creating transparent, efficient, and collaborative recycling ecosystems. Blockchain technology has immense potential to redefine the management of plastic waste and promote a sustainable, circular economy.
4
IMAHORI, Yoko, und Tohru MORIOKA. „Recycle Information Matching System on Internet aiming at Recycle Symbiotic Society.“ ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH 28 (2000): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/proer.28.383.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
5
Liu, Tingting, Zichen Zheng, Zhichao Wen, Shangyun Wu, Yaru Liu, Jing Cao und Zhixiong Weng. „Factors Influencing Residents’ Behavior in Internet Recycling: From the Perspective of the Adoption of New Technology“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 10 (19.05.2022): 6166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106166.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Achieving carbon neutrality has become a major national strategy for sustainability, and the recycling of recyclable resources is an important direction toward doing so. Due to the huge amounts of recyclable resources generated every year and the low recycling rate, a new Internet recycling model with great potential to increase the recycling rate has developed rapidly in China. However, low participation from residents hinders the sustainable development of Internet recycling. Through this study, we aim to uncover potential avenues for improving Internet recycling behavior. The factors influencing Internet recycling from the perspective of new technologies have scarcely been investigated. Therefore, this study used the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology theoretical framework to explore the factors influencing residents’ intentions and behavior toward Internet recycling. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 500 residents of Beijing, China, and empirical analysis was conducted using the structural equation model. The results indicated that social influence and performance expectancy significantly influence residents’ intentions to participate in Internet recycling, whereas effort expectancy and perceived risk do not. Facilitating conditions and behavioral intentions were identified as influential factors for use behavior. Relevant recommendations for promoting residents’ Internet recycling behavior were proposed.
6
Wang, Huaidong, Honggui Han, Tingting Liu, Xi Tian, Ming Xu, Yufeng Wu, Yifan Gu, Yaru Liu und Tieyong Zuo. „“Internet +” recyclable resources: A new recycling mode in China“. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 134 (Juli 2018): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.03.006.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
7
Ramly, Ruwaida, Aznida Abu Bakar Sajak und Muhaira Rashid. „IoT recycle management system to support green city initiatives“. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 15, Nr. 2 (01.08.2019): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i2.pp1037-1045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
<p>In July 2009, Government of Malaysia had launched Green Technology Policy as new initiatives from Malaysia to handle greenhouse effect issue and energy usage through application and green technologies development to reduce carbon footprint. This project, Internet of Things (IoT) Recycle Management System is an idea to help the government in gearing the nation towards this aim with a developed system or technology that support green environment. For this paper, the intended cities are Putrajaya and Cyberjaya areas since both of these cities are chosen as a pioneer for the Green City Initiatives by the Government. This Arduino based Internet of Things (IoT) project is an upcoming urban technology that transforms everyday current recycling system into an ecosystem that would enrich our lives and make it exciting to recycle things anywhere. Hence, encourages Malaysian to recycle their things regularly and make it as a normal routine. This project consists of the development of recycle waste bin that have sensor-based and a database with webpage system for client interface which be connected via Internet network. This project has a huge prospect to be implemented in the future, should there be a collaboration with Government entities and Non- Government entities as this effort needs huge support from all Malaysians in order to realize first class mentality transformation.</p>
8
Jannah, Raudlatul. „Menciptakan Kewarganegaraan Ekologis di Era Digital melalui Kampoeng Recycle Jember“. Journal of Urban Sociology 1, Nr. 2 (02.10.2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/jus.v1i2.567.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Dalam masyarakat digital, warga negara tidak hanya menggunakan teknologi informasi sebagai alat untuk mendapatkan hiburan namun juga menjadi medium untuk berpartisipasi dalam ruang publik bahkan melakukan upaya pemberdayaan untuk kesejahteraan. Meskipun perkembangan e-commerce sebagai salah satu ciri masyarakat digital telah menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif seperti konsumerisme, eksploitasi besar-besaran terhadap alam serta masalah sampah elektronik namun era digital juga membuka peluang membangun kesadaran lingkungan melalui konsep kewarganegaraan ekologis. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis upaya membangun kewarganegaraan ekologis melalui gagasan Kampoeng Recycle. Dalam upayanya, Kampoeng Recycle menerapkan beberapa strategi. Pertama, menerapkan trilogi konsep (eco-structures, eco-literacy dan eco-preneurship). Ketiga konsep ini saling berkaitan satu sama lain, meskipun eco-literacy menjadi kunci terpenting membangun kesadaran masyarakat. Kedua, melibatkan generasi muda baik mahasiswa relawan yang ingin terlibat dalam Kampoeng Recycle maupun aktivis GenBI yang aktif mensosialisasikan gagasan Kampoeng Recycle sejak awal. Ketiga, penggunaan media sosial untuk menyebarluaskan jaringan Kampoeng Recycle. Keempat, penggunaan media internet seperti website dan youtube untuk penyebarluasan gagasan. Strategi ini dilakukan dalam upaya membangun kesadaran, etika dan moral warga negara terhadap lingkungannya khususnya terkait masalah sampah. Harapannya adalah terwujudnya perilaku bertanggungjawab dalam mengelola dan melestarikan lingkungan pada setiap warga negara.Keywords: Kewarganegaraan Ekologis, Masyarakat Digital, Kampoeng Recycle
9
Ratton, Alexandre Eduardo Santos, João Paulo Pereira Marcicano und Júlia Baruque-Ramos. „Redução de Impostos para Incentivar a Reciclagem de Garrafas PET“. Revista Gestão & Políticas Públicas 14, Nr. 1 (31.08.2024): 172–88. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2237-1095.rgpp.2024.227171.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
L’industrie textile joue un rôle essentiel dans l’économie mondiale, influençant non seulement la mode et le style de vie, mais aussi des questions socio-économiques et environnementales. Ce travail vise à présenter une proposition de réduction d’impôts pour les fils de polyester produits à partir de bouteilles en PET recyclées, dans le but de favoriser le processus de recyclage des bouteilles. Pour ce faire, une analyse de la législation en vigueur a été réalisée afin de vérifier l’existence d’un quelconque avantage fiscal pour les produits fabriqués à partir de matériaux recyclés. Dans cette analyse, la seule possibilité trouvée était la réduction des droits d’importation, ce qui pourrait contribuer d’une certaine manière, mais une réduction des impôts sur les transactions internes aurait un impact plus important.
10
Naveen Raja, S. M., Gayatri Parasa, Thangiah Sathish Kumar, Kondalarao Punati, Pradeep Balasubramani, Koppuravuri Gurnadha Gupta, G. Bhuvaneswari, Y. S. Lalitha und Sami Anand. „A reforming municipal waste management model with the internet of things (IoT) for smart garbage tracking and optimization“. MATEC Web of Conferences 392 (2024): 01117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439201117.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Municipal waste management is crucial for cities as it enhances the urban atmosphere, conserves assets, and safeguards the ecological balance. An adequate and effective waste management strategy leads to significant environmental issues. The absence of dustbins, littering, and improper usage of dustbins create unsanitary conditions in cities and harm the ecosystem. The theft or destruction of the dustbins is a significant issue. This research uses deep learning-based classifiers with the Internet of Things (IoT) and a cloud computing approach to accurately categorize trash at the start of garbage collection. The research categorizes recyclable garbage into six groups: plastics, glass, paper or cardboard, metallic items, textiles, and other recyclable materials to aid future waste disposal. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are used for trash categorization. This study tries to provide a basic answer to this issue via IoT technologies. A function will be added to the user's website to inform them about the present condition of the closest smart waste bins. This will allow users to locate and use the nearest bin if the one in their area is full. This research intends to enhance the safety of smart waste bins by securing the sensors and implementing bins with a concrete body to prevent theft and damage.
11
Tarikar, Priyanka P., und Dr A. N. Tamragundi. „CONSUMERS AWARENESS TOWARDS GREEN MARKETING PRACTICES WITH REFERENCE TO CONSUMER ELECTRONICS AND HOME APPLIANCES SECTOR“. YMER Digital 21, Nr. 01 (31.01.2022): 622–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.01/55.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Green marketing is a popular concept in today's marketing world as it emphasizes the use of eco-friendly tactics by various marketers in their campaigns. The researcher has attempted to study the awareness of consumers towards Green marketing practices by selecting consumer electronics and home appliances sector related to two products viz., Television and Refrigerators. For this purpose, a sample size of 400 respondents is drawn by employing stratified sampling techniques in Uttar Kannada district of Karnataka has been selected. Percentage technique was used to describe the demographic profile of the study area, and the Chi square test was used to determine whether there was a significant relationship between level of awareness and living place. The study's findings revealed that in the television product category, Green price, Green place and Green promotion have significant associations, whereas in the green product category, awareness of the ROHS phrase, recyclable labels, and eco-friendly packaging that benefits the environment has no significant association which denotes that level of awareness is ineffective in rural and urban areas. Further considering refrigerator product category, Green Price and Green place are significantly associated whereas in Green product it is found, awareness of adoption of 3R’s by refrigerator brands, eco friendly ink used on product packages and Green promotion through internet, print and television media has no significant association. As a result, all companies marketing television and refrigerator brands must emphasize on environmentally features like ROHS compliance, environmentally friendly packaging involved in product, benefits of eco-friendly packages, adoption of 3R’s (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) by companies, Eco-friendly ink used for print on packages instead of just concentrating on offers/discount and product design
12
Wokuri, Pierre. „Comment des mouvements sociaux économiques parviennent-ils à agir sur et dans le marché malgré l’adversité ? Le cas des projets coopératifs d’énergie renouvelable en France et au Royaume-Uni“. Revue internationale de politique comparée Vol. 30, Nr. 3 (09.07.2024): 233–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ripc.303.0233.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Secteur du recyclage, monnaies locales, agriculture biologique et circuits courts, représentent autant de domaines dans lesquels des mouvements sociaux investissent des espaces marchands pour atteindre des objectifs militants. Si les recherches portant sur ces mouvements permettent de documenter finement les dynamiques internes de ces derniers au niveau local, on manque en revanche de travaux pour saisir comment des mouvements sociaux économiques agissent aux niveaux micro, méso et macro. Cet article pallie ce manque en montrant, à partir du cas des projets coopératifs d’énergie renouvelable en France et au Royaume-Uni, que les mouvements sociaux économiques agissent à ces niveaux via deux formes de pouvoir économique. Premièrement, ils agissent sur le marché en influençant les manières dont l’action publique façonne l’activité économique via un pouvoir d’orientation. Deuxièmement, ils agissent dans le marché en créant de nouveaux modèles d’organisations économiques via un pouvoir d’activation.
13
Ali, Mansoor, und Sutima Paaopanchon. „EXPLORING THE VIRTUAL MARKET OF RECYCLING: A CASE STUDY IMPROVINGWASTE REUSE AND RECYCLING IN BANGKOK“. Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning 26, Nr. 1 (30.06.2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap2612019_1.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Increasing quantities of solid waste is a global challenge for many urban areas in industrializing countries, such as Thailand. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set clear targets and indicators to improve the waste situation globally. These targets include higher collection rates, safe disposal practices and enhancing the rates of waste reuse and recycling. Bangkok, with a population of 9.5 million (Population of 2018) is facing a number of challenges in solid waste management. These challenges include an increasing quantity of waste, a shortage of waste disposal sites, and reduced incentives to reuse and recycle waste. While at the same time, 80% of the population has active internet and phone connections (Internet World Statistics, 2018). This paper explores the viability of a virtual waste market in Bangkok by connecting the supply and demand of recyclable waste materials through a mobile application. Particularly, its viability is explored in the nexus between government institutions, informal systems of waste recycling, and in Bangkok population groups. Behaviors and attitudes towards the use of virtual markets to enhance recycling rates have been studied, while key actors (especially those who directly deal with the waste generators) in the recycling chain are also interviewed. The paper concludes that the concept of a virtual market through a mobile application offers the potential to enhance connection between supply and demand. A virtual market offers the advantage of real time information regarding the material’s quality, quantity, prices and locations. It also offers faster and reliable transfer of money. Buyers and sellers can even rate the quality of each other’s services. However, to achieve the full advantages and to build a system, all the actors in the chain need to be connected. The study found that itinerant waste buyers and waste pickers directly access the waste and deal with the waste generators. While these groups are the most important links in the chain, they have a low connectivity to mobile phones and hence could not acquire full benefits of the virtual market. Virtual market works well when the connectivity is available to all the relevant groups. The paper concludes that recycling and reuse rates of waste materials can be increased through virtual market if the support is targeted to connect all. Keyword: Recycling, Waste Reuse, Bangkok, Virtual Market
14
Samsinar, Samsinar, und Wiwin Windihastuty. „Sosialisasi Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (3R) Berbasis Lingkungan Masyarakat Desa Jelegong, Kutawaringin, Bandung Dengan Memanfaatkan Media Internet“. Jurnal Karya Abdi Masyarakat 3, Nr. 2 (31.12.2019): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jkam.v3i2.8506.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Permasalahan limbah rumah tangga menjadi permasalahan yang harus dikelola dengan baik. Manajemen limbah domestik yang terkendali dengan baik merupakan suatu pendekatan untuk menanggulangi limbah domestik secara efisien. Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat adalah proses pengabdian dosen melalui berbagai kegiatan langsung di masyarakat. Dosen juga menjadi bagian dari masyarakat secara aktif dan kreatif terlibat dalam dinamika yang terjadi di masyarakat. Dosen mempunyai peran strategis sebagai agen perubahan pada lingkungan masyarakat, melalui kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat di Desa Jelegong Kutawaringin, Bandung Barat dengan Sosialisasi Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (3R) dan memanfaatkan media internet pada media sosial. Hasilnya masyarakat dapat lebih memahami tentang bahaya limbah rumah tangga yang tidak dikelola dengan baik dan masyarakat juga dapat menggunakan sarana media internet untuk dijadikan wadah dalam pemanfaatkan 3R yang dapat bernilai guna bagi Masyarakat.
15
Nurwijayanti KN, Muhammad Alfaiz und Rafli Akbar Prabowo. „Rancang Bangun System Recycle Limbah Air Berbasis IoT dan Analisa Traffic Jaringan Menggunakan Wireshark“. IKRA-ITH Teknologi Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi 8, Nr. 1 (01.03.2024): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37817/ikraith-teknologi.v8i1.3241.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Air adalah sumber daya alam yang sangat berharga dan penting bagi kehidupan semua makhluk. Namun,masalah limbah air dari wastafel merupakan tantangan. Penelitian ini mengatasi masalah tersebut denganmembuat sistem filtrasi tiga tahap untuk wastafel portable dan memanfaatkan IoT untuk efisiensi penggunaan air.Tujuannya adalah menyediakan fasilitas mencuci tangan yang mudah di tempat umum seperti seminar danfestival, yang jauh dari sumber air bersih. Sistem ini dibangun menggunakan NodeMCU ESP32 dan terhubungke internet. Monitoring air berhasil dilakukan melalui aplikasi Telegram, dengan waktu daur ulang rata-rata 5menit 4 detik dan penghilangan kekeruhan sekitar 1,2 NTU. Hasil analisis jaringan internet menunjukkan kualitaslayanan yang memuaskan, dengan rata-rata keterlambatan sekitar 108,5717 ms dalam kondisi LOS, throughputmencapai 38K kbps, dan 0% packet loss, sedangkan pada kondisi NLOS, terdapat keterlambatan rata-rata sekitar130,2679 ms, throughput mencapai 29K kbps, dan 0% packet loss.
16
Zhu, Meihong, Xiao Li, Liqing Zhu, Xueli Zhan und Junhai Ma. „Dynamic Evolutionary Games and Coordination of Multiple Recycling Channels considering Online Recovery Platform“. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (03.08.2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9976157.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Nowadays, with a great number of household electrical appliances being discarded in every corner of the world every day, household electrical appliances recycling is attracting more attention. In this paper, we build a closed-loop supply chain that consists of a manufacturer and a third-party recycler based on the development of “Internet Plus” recovery platform. We thoroughly analyze the model and its evolution by chaos theory, complex dynamics theory, and numerical simulation and introduce the adaptive method to control the chaos of the system. We find that as the manufacturer increases the retail price, the stable area of the market becomes smaller. At the same time, when the manufacturers direct recycle price or the price adjustment range of the products recycled from the third party exceeds a certain threshold, all the recycle prices in the whole market will fluctuate, thus causing market chaos. Among them, as an adjustment decision method, delay strategy reduces the volatility of recycle price and makes it return to a stable state, which is an effective method to control system disorder. In addition, the third-party recycler will change the optimal subsidy model according to the government’s price subsidy level, while the manufacturer always prefers the price subsidy model.
17
Wang, Lihao, Shoucai Li, Kaiyue Qu, Anzhe Wang und Fan Chen. „Research on "Internet Standardized" Garbage Sorting Market Operation Method--Taking University Garbage Sorting as an Example“. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 44 (13.04.2023): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v44i.7176.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
With the advent of the Internet era and the improvement of people's living standards, more and more garbage is generated per capita. In order to explore the market-oriented operation of garbage sorting in China, this paper takes universities as an example and creates the "Internet+standardized" university garbage sorting market-oriented operation alliance to test the effect of garbage recycling projects in universities. In the initial stage of the project, the unique conditions such as strong environmental awareness, huge amount of domestic waste, high recyclable rate and regular work and rest are the inherent advantages for promoting waste classification reform. In the implementation process, this paper will establish an integrated platform benefiting schools, students, merchants and recycling enterprises, form a market-based mechanism with a multi-body linkage for resource recovery and reuse, raise the environmental awareness of college students, and explore a suitable path for waste separation to be implemented in China.
18
Bai, Hongying, Xiaotong Zhang, Yingdong Xie, Haiyan Gong, Zhuang Li und Shilong Liu. „Resource Scheduling Based on Unequal Clustering in Internet of Things“. Mobile Information Systems 2022 (25.01.2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1810704.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Resource scheduling in a fair and efficient manner is a significant challenge in the Internet of Things. Although unequal clustering is an effective technique for alleviating the “energy holes” problem in multihop communication, resource scheduling based on unequal clustering is scarcely conducted. In the present study, a new resource scheduling based on unequal clustering in the Internet of Things (RSUC) is proposed. In RSUC, unequal clustering and multihop routing are considered, and the “energy holes” problem is alleviated effectively. RSUC includes resource scheduling of intracluster communication and intercluster communication. In resource scheduling of intracluster communication, according to the threshold of the number of cluster members, the cluster heads (CHs) recycle resources of failed nodes. In resource scheduling of intercluster communication, CHs in the different layers based on transmission chain obtain different sending and receiving time slots. In RSUC, CHs that are near the base station (BS) have fewer intracluster communication time slots and more intercluster communication time slots. Clusters that are further away from the BS end intercluster communication earlier and enter into intracluster communication instead of waiting for all CHs to complete intercluster communication. The simulation results reveal that RSUC significantly increases the network throughput and reduces the energy consumption of the Internet of Things.
19
Homan, Devi Kurniawati. „Komunikasi Visual untuk Kampanye Gerakan 3R (Reduce-Reuce-Recycle) di Bandung“. Humaniora 4, Nr. 1 (30.04.2013): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v4i1.3447.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Bandung, which known as Flower City and Paris van Java, is a city tourism destination for domestic tourists and international tourists. Bandung becomes shopping and culinary travel destination. The consumption for plastic and garbage increases by the increase of tourists. Bandung suffers for garbage problem. To prevent it happens again to Bandung, it needs a campaign for garbage problem solution. It only takes three steps for decrease the garbage problem. The three steps are ‘Reduce, Reuse, Recycle’. Tourists can help to keep clean and comfort for Bandung environment. The campaign itself can be accessed in internet with smartphone, which is common for young generation. Information can easily spread and hope it becomes a good habit for Bandung tourists.
20
Thapliyal, Siddhant, Mohammad Wazid, Devesh Pratap Singh, Ashok Kumar Das, Ahmed Alhomoud, Adel R. Alharbi und Harish Kumar. „ACM-SH: An Efficient Access Control and Key Establishment Mechanism for Sustainable Smart Healthcare“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 8 (13.04.2022): 4661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084661.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Sustainable smart healthcare applications are those in which health services can be provided to remotely located patients through the Internet without placing extra burden on environmental resources. They should be operated with minimum power consumption using biodegradable, recyclable, and environmentally friendly healthcare equipment and products. In an Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)-enabled sustainable smart healthcare environment, all the health services are capable of producing informative data whenever some raw information is provided as the input or are capable of performing work on their own with less intervention from humans. As a result, they provide great advantages over the traditional healthcare system. As sustainable smart healthcare devices are operated through the Internet, it is possible that they could be attacked by various hackers. To mitigate these issues, in this paper, we propose a new access control along with a key-establishment mechanism for a sustainable smart healthcare system. The results of the security analysis showed that the proposed scheme was highly robust against a variety of passive and active attacks. In comparison to existing competing schemes, the proposed scheme is lightweight, as well as delivers high security and additional functionality. Finally, a practical demonstration of the proposed scheme is provided to show its impact on the key network performance parameters.
21
Sahoo, Biswajit, Kaustav Mandal, Abhisek Panda, Bodhisatwa Sahu, Dr Satyananda Swain und Prof Gayatri Mohanty. „Automated Vermicomposting Using Portable Bin“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, Nr. 5 (31.05.2023): 7293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53454.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract: An IoT based portable vermicomposting bin is a modern solution for efficient and convenient composting. This innovative approach utilizes the Internet of Things (IoT) technology to connect the vermicomposting bin to a network and unable real time monitoring and control of various parameters, such as temperature, moisture and pH level with automated controls and real time monitoring, the IoT based vermicomposting bin can simplify the composting process and reduce waste, minimizing the environmental impact. The type of worm which is mostly used for vermicomposting is Red Wiggler (Eisenia Fetida). Overall, the IoT based vermicomposting bin is smart and efficient way to recycle organic waste and produce highquality compost.
22
Susanti, Endang, Pamor Gunoto und Andreanto Silitonga. „DESIGN OF AN AUTOMATIC WASTE SORTER EQUIPMENT BASED ON THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)“. PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDY 1, Nr. 1 (30.12.2023): 95–106. https://doi.org/10.33373/icms.v1i1.11.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Waste is a serious environmental problem in various countries, including Indonesia. To reduce this problem, one way to overcome the waste problem is to short the waste into organic and inorganic waste to recycle waste. Therefore this research to build an automatic waste sorting equipment by using internet of things (IoT) technology as a remote monitoring system. The research method uses hardware and software design as well as to testing and analysis. This research uses several sensors, namely proximity sensors, infrared sensors, DHT21 humidity sensors and ultrasonic sensors. These sensors are connected to the microcontroller Arduino UNO and send data via the wifi module NodeMCU ESP8266. The output of waste sorter using servomotor MG996R and displaying organic and inorganic waste in Android application based Firebase as a database. The condition monitoring of the trash when it is full and empty using android application on smartphone. The results in this research are for the detection of waste object, the sensors work at a maximum distance of 5 cm. The ultrasonic sensor for detecting waste level is 15 cm for full condition, 15-30 cm for half and 31 cm for empty condition. The result of sending data to smartphone for all level conditionof waste are appropriate.
23
Ramakrishna, Seeram, Alfred Ngowi, Henk De Jager und Bankole O. Awuzie. „Emerging Industrial Revolution: Symbiosis of Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy: The Role of Universities“. Science, Technology and Society 25, Nr. 3 (21.05.2020): 505–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971721820912918.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Growing consumerism and population worldwide raises concerns about society’s sustainability aspirations. This has led to calls for concerted efforts to shift from the linear economy to a circular economy (CE), which are gaining momentum globally. CE approaches lead to a zero-waste scenario of economic growth and sustainable development. These approaches are based on semi-scientific and empirical concepts with technologies enabling 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) and 6Rs (reuse, recycle, redesign, remanufacture, reduce, recover). Studies estimate that the transition to a CE would save the world in excess of a trillion dollars annually while creating new jobs, business opportunities and economic growth. The emerging industrial revolution will enhance the symbiotic pursuit of new technologies and CE to transform extant production systems and business models for sustainability. This article examines the trends, availability and readiness of fourth industrial revolution (4IR or industry 4.0) technologies (for example, Internet of Things [IoT], artificial intelligence [AI] and nanotechnology) to support and promote CE transitions within the higher education institutional context. Furthermore, it elucidates the role of universities as living laboratories for experimenting the utility of industry 4.0 technologies in driving the shift towards CE futures. The article concludes that universities should play a pivotal role in engendering CE transitions.
24
Wang, Jianling, Chenying Wang und Yi Chen. „Promoting Residents’ Willingness to Recycle Electronic ICT Waste in China: An Empirical Study Using Conjoint Analysis“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 16 (11.08.2023): 12258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151612258.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Initiated by the Chinese government to mitigate pollution arising from informal recycling, the Internet + Recycling model has been evolving and yielding significant results in China over the past few years. However, due to the large amount of users’ personal information contained in electronic information and communication technology waste, residents are concerned about privacy leaks, leading to a lower willingness to recycle. This study aims to enhance people’s willingness to recycle electronic waste by testing the impacts of various factors through a nationwide survey and analysis. Prior research evaluated e-waste collection attributes separately, thus provoking potential validity concerns. Addressing this concern, our study, based on 184 valid entries, employs conjoint analysis to determine the effects of different attributes on residential recycling choices. Among the considered attributes, recycling trust emerged as paramount, followed by compensation methods, recycling price, and recycling methods. The high-utility attributes included government certification and monitoring, cashback, high prices, and door-to-door service. Transcending the core research aim, our study forecasts market shares for diverse recycling combinations. The results indicate that there is no single dominant strategy, as several combinations are substantially influential. Consequently, businesses are advised to adopt a multi-pronged approach using diverse combinations for optimal results.
25
Xie, Rong, Muyan Chen, Weihuang Liu, Hongfei Jian und Yanjun Shi. „Digital Twin Technologies for Turbomachinery in a Life Cycle Perspective: A Review“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 5 (25.02.2021): 2495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052495.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Turbomachinery from a life cycle perspective involves sustainability-oriented development activities such as design, production, and operation. Digital Twin is a technology with great potential for improving turbomachinery, which has a high volume of investment and a long lifespan. This study presents a general framework with different digital twin enabling technologies for the turbomachinery life cycle, including the design phase, experimental phase, manufacturing and assembly phase, operation and maintenance phase, and recycle phase. The existing digital twin and turbomachinery are briefly reviewed. New digital twin technologies are discussed, including modelling, simulation, sensors, Industrial Internet of Things, big data, and AI technologies. Finally, the major challenges and opportunities of DT for turbomachinery are discussed.
26
Binesh, Fatemeh, und Saravanan Muthaiyah. „Dashboard for Assessing Data Centers Green Compliance“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 6, Nr. 1 (30.09.2013): 719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v6i1.753.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract: Nowadays, ICT sector activities and in particular Data Centers are known as an important environmental hazard. With the increasing popularity of the Internet and cloud computing, this threat seems to even get worse in the near future. Despite this increasing importance, there is still little have been done about data centers environmental affects and in particular measuring their green compliance level including all three Rs of waste management (Reuse, Reuse and Recycle). This paper tries to introduce a dashboard for evaluating data centers level of green compliance regardless of their tier. However, the dashboard is proposed based on Malaysias data centers condition, it still can be beneficial to data center managers in other parts of the world and researchers to open up new research possibilities.
27
Ahuja, Sanjay P., und Karthika Muthiah. „Survey of State-of-Art in Green Cloud Computing“. International Journal of Green Computing 7, Nr. 1 (Januar 2016): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgc.2016010102.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Cloud computing is witnessing tremendous growth at one time when climate change and reducing emissions from energy use is gaining attention. With the growth of the cloud, however, comes an increase in demand for energy. There is growing global awareness about reducing greenhouse gas emissions and healthy environments. Green computing in general aims to reduce the consumption of energy and carbon emission and also to recycle and reuse the energy usage in a beneficial and efficient way. Energy consumption is a bottleneck in internet computing technology. Green cloud computing related technology arose as an improvement to cloud computing. Cloud data centers consume inordinate amounts of energy and have significant CO2 emissions as they have a huge network of servers. Furthermore, these data centers are tightly linked to provide high performance services, outsourcing and sharing resources to multiple users through the internet. This paper gives an overview about green cloud computing and its evolution, surveys related work, discusses associated integrated green cloud architecture – Green Cloud Framework, innovations, and technologies, and highlights future work and challenges that need to be addressed to sustain an eco-friendly cloud computing environment that is poised for significant growth.
28
Feng, Yanhua. „Pricing decision for recycling and remanufacturing supply chain considering consumer online consumption preferences and recycled products’ quality“. International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations 15, Nr. 4 (2024): 931–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ijiec.2024.7.001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
With the organic integration of the Internet and remanufacturing industry, traditional manufacturers can recycle used products and sell products (including new and remanufactured products) through e-commerce retail platforms. A recycling and remanufacturing supply chain with three members (manufacturer, e-commerce retail platform, third-party recycler) is constructed in this paper. Manufacturer has remanufacturing capabilities, and the e-commerce retail platform can provide logistics service. In response to the organic integration of the Internet and remanufacturing industry, we mainly consider the pricing decisions of consumer preferences for online sales models and recycled products’ quality. Based on the impact of consumer used product recycling promotion activities on supply chain, a pricing game model was constructed for three recycling channels: manufacturer, e-commerce retail platform, and third-party recycler. Optimal pricing decision, logistics service level, used product recycling promotion intensity index, and recycling rate were obtained. Research has shown that consumer preferences can significantly improve supply chain logistics service level, pricing, market demand, and profits; Strengthening consumer awareness of remanufacturing used products and improving recycled products’ quality can not only lower consumer purchase prices and expand consumer demand, but also increase profits of supply chain members.
29
Dietschy, Nathalie. „L’art de la réplique à l’ère numérique. À partir de quelques projets d’Olivier Laric“. Les cahiers de Mariemont 43, Nr. 1 (2021): 54–65. https://doi.org/10.3406/camar.2021.1737.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
La généralisation des technologies numériques et du Web a favorisé les démarches de reproduction, allant du remake au remix, de l’œuvre « d’après » à la réplique. Ces approches, qui s’inscrivent dans un contexte encourageant des pratiques de « postproduc-tion » (N. Bourriaud) dans les années 1990, impliquent de considérer que l’œuvre se conçoit au sein d’un cycle et que la reprise de celle-ci, loin de l’épuiser, la renouvelle. La réplique s’entend alors comme une réponse à une œuvre initiale au sein d’une culture numérique valorisant le partage, la circulation des données, des images et des motifs, ainsi que leur recyclage de toutes sortes. Dans ce contexte, le geste de copie n’entraînerait pas nécessairement une perte d’aura (W. Benjamin). À partir d’un corpus exemplaire d’œuvres récentes, de l’artiste au-trichien Oliver Laric en particulier et de son usage du scannage 3D, ainsi que d’artistes d’une génération dite « post-internet » travaillant l’impact d’internet et des technologies numériques, explorant les gestes de copie, les stratégies de circulation des œuvres en ligne et la redéfinition de l’objet unique (Eva et Franco Mattes, Michael Mandiberg, Seth Price, Artie Vierkant) ainsi que des effets de la reproduction numérique (Albertine Meunier, Corinne Vionnet, Pete Ashton), cet article propose d’analyser les pratiques de réplique encouragées par la révolution numérique et souhaite discuter de la hiérarchie des valeurs qu’elle redistribue, la question des similitudes et des effets de variation dont les artistes contem-porains examinent les modalités. Les formes de réplique de l’art « post-internet » évacuent-elles de plus les notions d’originalité et d’authenticité ? En envisageant la réplique comme un geste créatif lié à la cul-ture du Web et à sa valorisation de l’appropriabilité (A. Gunthert), cet article souhaite montrer que la démarche de réplique, loin d’épuiser le concept d’aura, le prolonge en l’intégrant dans la circulation des objets et des formes à l’ère d’internet, à une époque où le marché de l’art numérique est bousculé par l’es-sor des NFT (« non-fungible token » ).
30
Peng, Wen Jie, und Dai Zhong Su. „Development of an Online System for Recycling Consumer Electronic Products Using the Internet, NFC and RFID Technologies“. Key Engineering Materials 572 (September 2013): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.572.90.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
An Internet-based system for recycling consumer electronic products has been developed, which monitors the recycling process of electronic products and rewards consumers with incentive points to motivate them to recycle waste electronic products. The system enables the consumers to view the points rewarded online and make a purchase with the reward points. The system has the following functions: customer log-in, online recording of the recycled electronic products, management of customer incentive points, and mobile payment. Within the system, the customer log-in module is built to validate the customers identity using a NFC (near-field communication) enabled smartphone, and allow the authorised customer to log in the system. The recycling monitoring module is used to monitor the process of recycling the electronic products. With this module, the serial number of each electronic product is retrieved using the RFID technology; and the information of the electronic product with the serial number is gained via the remote data centre. With the product information gained, the customers incentive points are obtained based on the products life cycle impact assessment results, which are calculated by the system, and then rewarded to the customer. The points could be used for the mobile payment in the form of electronic money. A case study has been conducted which verified the system developed.
31
Bressanelli, Gianmarco, Nicola Saccani, Marco Perona und Irene Baccanelli. „Towards Circular Economy in the Household Appliance Industry: An Overview of Cases“. Resources 9, Nr. 11 (03.11.2020): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9110128.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Circular Economy is a means to ensure sustainable production and consumption patterns. However, it is still at an embryonic stage of implementation in manufacturing companies. Given its potential, the household appliance industry is a promising arena for the adoption of Circular Economy. Thus, this study aims to investigate and systematize how Circular Economy has been adopted in the household appliance industry, through a multiple case study research. Twenty cases are analyzed following a Research Framework, to map: (i) the Circular Economy 4R strategies of reduce, reuse, remanufacture and recycle; (ii) the Circular Economy levers, i.e., whether circular product design practices, servitized business models or supply chain management actions are undertaken; (iii) the role of digital 4.0 technologies as enablers; (iv) the benefits achieved. The analysis showed that servitized business models and supply chain management actions are widely used levers, while little attention is devoted to circular product design practices. Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data and Cloud emerged as powerful enablers of servitized business models. Two main patterns of Circular Economy adoption in the household appliance industry emerged from cases: incremental and radical adoption patterns. Incremental adoption patterns are based on design strategies focused on reduce and recycle, mainly led by manufacturers. Radical adoption patterns are instead focused on disruptive practices based on reuse, remanufacture, servitization and sharing, where digital 4.0 technologies serve as enablers. Overall, this exploratory research lays the foundation for a stronger and more systemic understanding of the adoption of Circular Economy in the household appliance industry.
32
Ramasamy, Dinesh, Siva Priya Thiagarajah und Shamini Pillay. „I-Bin: Weight Based IoT Smart Recycling Scheduler for Guarded Neighbourhood“. Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Physics 2, Nr. 1 (17.06.2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33093/jetap.2020.2.1.1.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Overpopulation and lack of awareness are the main causes of poor waste management. While existing research in waste management employs current technology such as the Internet of Things, it lacks emphasis on residential centric type of waste management system. This project designs a weight based scheduling system for a guarded neighbourhood using Arduino Uno, load cells and plastic bins which are then incorporated with WiFi to send waste weight information in real time to cloud for monitoring.Design verification tests such as the linearity test and non-repeatability test showed less than 1 percent standard deviation error. A Proof of Concept test was conducted to test the system's performance at a guarded residential area.Analysis of test showed that an average of 0.0966kg of recyclable waste was collected per house. Based on theresults also, it is predicted that approximately 483kg of waste can be effectively collected from 10 residential areas using the I-Bin system. Residents tend to dispose waste after office hours and scheduling more waste collection frequency after office hours will lead to increased revenue for the recycling company.
33
Rustan, Kartini, Andi Agustang und Idham Irwansyah Idrus. „PENERAPAN GAYA HIDUP ZERO WASTE SEBAGAI UPAYA PENYELAMATAN LINGKUNGAN DI INDONESIA“. SIBATIK JOURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan 2, Nr. 6 (31.05.2023): 1763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54443/sibatik.v2i6.887.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Garbage in the environment is a problem that must be eradicated immediately. Waste processing cannot be separated from managing people's lifestyles. The increase in population and lifestyle of the community results in an increase in the volume of waste produced. The increasing volume of waste, which is increasing every day, has forced all parties to intervene to seek various solutions to solve this now dangerous problem. One way to reduce waste is by adopting a zero waste lifestyle, where a lifestyle that suppresses the production of waste management as optimally as possible. The research method used is library research or literature study from social media or the internet. how to implement a zero waste lifestyle with 5R namely refuse, reduce, reuse, recycle and rotting while the way to start is separating the types of waste (inorganic and organic), waste recycling, not using plastic bags when shopping, reducing paper use, using your own drinking bottles compared to buying bottled drinking water, and finally replacing using a straw.
34
Salinas Osuna, Edna Yamile, Jhonier David Anacona Ortiz, Oscar Fabián Patiño Perdomo und Edwin Eduardo Millán Rojas. „Development of an Automatic Container and Sorter for Recyclable Material as a Circular Economy Strategy in the Educational Context“. Ingeniería y Desarrollo 39, Nr. 1 (21.10.2021): 156–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/inde.39.1.006.38.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
El objetivo de la presente investigación fue realizar una caracterización de los residuos sólidos reciclables producidos en la Universidad de la Amazonia y desarrollar un contenedor y clasificador automático de este tipo de residuos, a fin de contribuir por medio de las TIC al proceso de sostenibilidad ambiental ligado al concepto de economía circular en el ámbito educativo. La metodología definida se dividió en cinco fases que corresponden al conocimiento del manejo de residuos sólidos de los usuarios de las cafeterías, caracterización de los residuos sólidos, diseño y construcción del contenedor, entrenamiento del sistema de inteligencia artificial (IA) y prueba interna Beta-Test. Obteniendo como resultado una generación total de residuos plásticos a la semana de 66 Kg, lo que representa un ingreso económico aproximado de $138.000 COP. Además, se desarrolló un contenedor y clasificador automático capaz de reconocer y almacenar botellas plásticas empleando una red neuronal artificial. Como conclusión el reciclaje de residuos plásticos dentro de una institución educativa aporta a la sostenibilidad ambiental, además el desarrollo de tecnologías como el contenedor y clasificador automático, permiten optimizar la selección y clasificación de elementos reciclables de forma rápida y segura.
35
Le Borgne, Brice, Bo-Yan Chung, Mehmet O. Tas, Simon G. King, Maxime Harnois und Radu A. Sporea. „Eco-Friendly Materials for Daily-Life Inexpensive Printed Passive Devices: Towards “Do-It-Yourself” Electronics“. Electronics 8, Nr. 6 (21.06.2019): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8060699.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The need for the fabrication of a new generation of devices has developed with the next generation of ‘home’ engineers, which is resulting in an ever-increasing population interested in “do-it-yourself” electronics and the Internet of Things. However, this new trend should not be done at the expense of the environment. Almost all previous studies, related to the low-temperature processing of devices, fail to highlight the extent of the impact that the synthesis of these technologies have on both the environment and human health. In addition, the substrates typically used, are also often associated with major drawbacks such as a lack of biodegradability. In this paper, we fabricate a simple RC filter using various domestically available printing techniques, utilising readily available materials such as: carbon soots (carbon black) as an electric conductor, and egg white (albumen) as a dielectric. These devices have been fabricated on both polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and paper, which demonstrated the same performances on both substrates and revealed that recyclable substrates can be used without compromise to the devices’ performance. The filter was found to exhibit a cut-off frequency of 170 kHz, which made it suitable for high-frequency reception applications.
36
Gude, Dhanvanth Kumar, Harshavardan Bandari, Anjani Kumar Reddy Challa, Sabiha Tasneem, Zarin Tasneem, Shyama Barna Bhattacharjee, Mohit Lalit, Miguel Angel López Flores und Nitin Goyal. „Transforming Urban Sanitation: Enhancing Sustainability through Machine Learning-Driven Waste Processing“. Sustainability 16, Nr. 17 (03.09.2024): 7626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16177626.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The enormous increase in the volume of waste caused by the population boom in cities is placing a considerable burden on waste processing in cities. The inefficiency and high costs of conventional approaches exacerbate the risks to the environment and human health. This article proposes a thorough approach that combines deep learning models, IoT technologies, and easily accessible resources to overcome these challenges. Our main goal is to advance a framework for intelligent waste processing that utilizes Internet of Things sensors and deep learning algorithms. The proposed framework is based on Raspberry Pi 4 with a camera module and TensorFlow Lite version 2.13. and enables the classification and categorization of trash in real time. When trash objects are identified, a servo motor mounted on a plastic plate ensures that the trash is sorted into appropriate compartments based on the model’s classification. This strategy aims to reduce overall health risks in urban areas by improving waste sorting techniques, monitoring the condition of garbage cans, and promoting sanitation through efficient waste separation. By streamlining waste handling processes and enabling the creation of recyclable materials, this framework contributes to a more sustainable waste management system.
37
Zhou, Yinuo, Xiang Li, Yaxuan Li und Qiyue Song. „Research on the Application of Green Packaging in Agricultural Products E-commerce Logistics“. Journal of Business and Marketing 1, Nr. 3 (Mai 2024): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.62517/jbm.202409315.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
With the rapid development of Internet technology, e-commerce that emerges as the times require has many advantages, such as low cost, cross-regional, and strong interactivity. It can help integrate resources in various links in the process of agricultural product production and sales, thereby reducing cost, improving the quality and efficiency of the agricultural product supply chain, and increasing the income of farmers and agricultural enterprises. However, with the sharp increase in the usage of packaging, environmental protection issues have become increasingly prominent. The "Action Plan for Deeply Promoting the Green Transformation of Express Packaging" issued by eight departments including the National Development and Reform Commission proposes to increase efforts to solidly promote the reduction of express packaging, accelerate the cultivation of new models of recyclable express packaging, and enhance the standardization, recycling, reduction, and harmlessness of express packaging. This paper aims at the application status of agricultural product e-commerce logistics packaging, proposes the advantages of promoting green packaging in the use process of agricultural product e-commerce logistics, and simultaneously analyzes the problems existing in the promotion and use of green packaging in agricultural product e-commerce logistics, and then proposes solutions.
38
A’risya A’ina Abdullah, Chu-Liang Lee, Sew-Kin Wong, Ahmad Farimin Ahmad Osman, Zhi-Lin Sum und Kah-Yoong Chan. „The Effect of LED Grow Light Photoperiods on Indoor Hydroponic Lettuce Farming“. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 32, Nr. 1 (19.08.2023): 368–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.32.1.368377.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
With the recent advancement in Internet-of-Thing (IoT) technology, smart farming has rapidly evolved as an alternative solution to improve the effectiveness of plant growth and provide a better farming management. The implementation of smart farming involves the use of technology such as big data, the internet of things (IoT), and cloud servers. It is widely known as precision farming because the process of plant growth is managed by software and a sensor-monitoring system. The applications of smart farming are widely implemented in indoor farming especially hydroponic farming. Hydroponic indoor farming is a fast-growth sector due to the lack of land for agriculture caused by urbanization. For indoor farming, grow-light is a crucial factor for plant growth. The most effective and commonly used grow light is the Light Emitting Diodes (LED) grow light. The utilization of LED grows light offers many advantages over traditional grow lighting including less power consumption, generating lower heat and recyclable. Multiple research and investigations have been done on LED’s wavelength and intensities effect on the plants. However, the duration of exposure to LED grow light on the plants has the most significant influences on the growth rate of plants. In this project, an investigation into the photoperiods of the LED grow-light has been deployed for lettuce. The photoperiods are 14 hours of LED, 8 hours LED, combination of 8 hours sunlight and 3 hours LED, and compare with 8 hours sunlight. The presented results concluded that 14 hours of LED grow light duration on hydroponic vegetables has the most promising growth rate in indoor hydroponics lettuce farming.
39
Divya, Y., B. Achiammal und Santosh Kumar Sahoo. „Industrial Waste-Water Treatment using IoT“. Journal of ISMAC 5, Nr. 2 (Juni 2023): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2023.2.003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Environmental safety management has recently been the most difficult task in this rapidly urbanising country. Wastewater management is a method of treating waste that can be reused rather than thrown away. One of the most efficient ways to handle garbage is to reduce and recycle. For decades, wastewater treatment companies have been dealing with a plethora of difficulties centred on how to avoid trash being managed. Separating wastes thrown in water, such as paints and battery wastes, is difficult since they require a unique classification and recycling procedure. In Telangana, the waste developed from dairy industry requires to be treated properly for reuse of same due to scarcity of water. So, the Internet of Things (IoT) for a waste management solution is considered here to address the above concerns.. Hence, the proposed method focusses on an IoT based wastewater treatment and monitoring for smooth operation and reuse. During implementation, it was concluded with confirmation that the proposed system has high accuracy in the range of 96% as compared to other existing models.
40
V.S. KORIKANTHIMATH und B.L. MANJUNATH. „Integrated farming systems for sustainability in agricultural production“. Indian Journal of Agronomy 54, Nr. 2 (10.10.2001): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v54i2.4791.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) seem to be the possible solution to the continuous increase of de- mand for food production, stability of income and improvement of nutrition particularly for the small and marginal farmers with limited resources. Integration of different agriculturally related enterprises with crop activity as base, will provide ways to recycle produces and waste materials of one component as input through another linked component and reduce the cost of production which will finally enhance the total income of the farm. Research carried out at ICAR Research Complex Goa. On rice based IFS revealed that rice- brinjal+mushroom+poultry as best one interns of rice equivalent yield (21.49 t/ha), employment generation (392 man days), energy efficiency and economics. In coconut gardens, integration of fodders (napier bajra hybrid + Centrosema) for supporting dairy unit proved the best based on above criteria used in rice based IFS. Similarly integration of cardamom in are canut gardens, arable crops and livestock in cashewnut, and poultry/duck-fish IFS were found more profitable and sustainable.
41
Wahyutama, Aria Bisma, und Mintae Hwang. „YOLO-Based Object Detection for Separate Collection of Recyclables and Capacity Monitoring of Trash Bins“. Electronics 11, Nr. 9 (21.04.2022): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091323.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This study describes the development of a smart trash bin that separates and collects recyclables using a webcam and You Only Look Once (YOLO) real-time object detection in Raspberry Pi, to detect and classify these recyclables into their correct categories. The classification result rotates the trash bin lid and reveals the correct trash bin compartment for the user to throw away trash. The performance of the YOLO model was evaluated to measure its accuracy, which was 91% under an optimal computing environment and 75% when deployed in Raspberry Pi. Several Internet of Things hardware, such as ultrasonic sensors for measuring trash bin capacity and GPS for locating trash bin coordinates, are implemented to provide capacity monitoring controlled by Arduino Uno. The capacity and GPS information are uploaded to Firebase Database via theESP8266 Wi-Fi module. To deliver the capacity monitoring feature, the uploaded trash bin capacity information is displayed on the mobile application in the form of a bar level developed in the MIT App Inventor for the user to quickly take action if required. The system proposed in this study is intended to be implemented in a rural area, where it can potentially solve the recyclable waste separation problem.
42
Ferreira, Sofia Henriques, Inês Cunha, Joana Vaz Pinto, Joana Pereira Neto, Luís Pereira, Elvira Fortunato und Rodrigo Martins. „UV-Responsive Screen-Printed Porous ZnO Nanostructures on Office Paper for Sustainable and Foldable Electronics“. Chemosensors 9, Nr. 8 (24.07.2021): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9080192.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The fabrication of low-cost, flexible, and recyclable electronic devices has been the focus of many research groups, particularly for integration in wearable technology and the Internet of Things (IoT). In this work, porous zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures are incorporated as a UV sensing material into the composition of a sustainable water-based screen-printable ink composed of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The formulated ink is used to fabricate flexible and foldable UV sensors on ubiquitous office paper. The screen-printed CMC/ZnO UV sensors operate under low voltage (≤2 V) and reveal a stable response over several on/off cycles of UV light exposure. The devices reach a response current of 1.34 ± 0.15 mA and a rise and fall time of 8.2 ± 1.0 and 22.0 ± 2.3 s, respectively. The responsivity of the sensor is 432 ± 48 mA W−1, which is the highest value reported in the literature for ZnO-based UV sensors on paper substrates. The UV-responsive devices display impressive mechanical endurance under folding, showing a decrease in responsivity of only 21% after being folded 1000 times. Their low-voltage operation and extreme folding stability indicate a bright future for low-cost and sustainable flexible electronics, showing potential for low-power wearable applications and smart packaging.
43
Khalid, Faiza. „The Impact of Waste Plastic and the Role of Recycling Plastic in Reducing its Negative Impact towards Achieving a Net-Zero Society: A Case Study of Plastecowood“. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science IX, Nr. II (2024): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2024.90213.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The aim of this research is to improve the understanding on the role of recycling in achieving Net Zero goals pursued in the United Kingdom in the backdrop of the wider sustainability agenda. To achieve the aim of the study data was gathered on the company Plastecowood. Ten secondary internet sources and press releases about the company that discuss the dimensions covered by the research questions in regard to plastic recycling and other secondary data were utilized. A qualitative content analysis was conducted using NVivo software revealing important themes in the findings. Firstly, the analysis of this study found that Plastecowood contributed significantly towards Net Zero targets by trapping carbon emissions within their recycled products. Secondly Plastecowood reduced the health hazards associated with carbon emissions to the members of society. Thirdly there was a need to target certain elements when managing waste through recycling. A practical implication of this study is the averment that current recycling practices do not have the capacity to meet Net Zero goals and thus the need for stakeholders to find better efficient ways. Recycling of plastic should focus in producing high-quality recyclates and target strategic elements of the plastic value chain to achieve net zero goals.
44
Pribadi, Denny Ardiansyah, Eko Priyo Purnomo, Aqil Teguh Fathani, Lubna Salsabila und Novia Amirah Azmi. „How does the Government Manage Waste? Analysis of Waste Management in Bantul Regency, Indonesia“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 943, Nr. 1 (01.12.2021): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/943/1/012005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract A This study aims to determine the extent of waste management in Bantul Regency with the concept of policy implementation by Edward III, which consists of policy communication, policy coherence, and policy implementation consistency. The government and society are currently trying to manage 3R-based waste (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle). Researchers used a qualitative descriptive method using secondary data consisting of literature, online media and the internet, and documents from the Bantul district government. The results of the study stated that: Bantul Regency Government is still not optimal in terms of waste management; this can be seen from the level of attention to waste management and management, which is still minimal, thus giving the result that the government has not succeeded in handling waste quickly, precisely and correctly. However, if seen from the amount of waste mass, there was a reduction from 202,910 tons (2019) to 192,021 tons (2020); this is because COVID-19 has stopped mobility and activities so that the amount of waste is not as much as in 2019. However, it should still be noted that waste management must be improved so that waste in the future does not become a new problem.
45
Rais, Anisa Rosa, Ike Nur Fauziah und Egan Evanzha Yudha Amriel. „Pelatihan Kerajinan Pot Lukis dan E-Marketing Sebagai Sarana Pemberdayaan SDM Masyarakat di Kelurahan Lontar Surabaya“. Karya Unggul 2, Nr. 1 (31.12.2022): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.70344/karyaunggul.v2i1.170.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Pot lukis merupakan salah satu produk UMKM di Kelurahan Lontar, Sambikerep, Surabaya yang sedang berkembang pesat karena kerajinan tersebut tinggi nilai seni dan nilai guna nya sehingga membuat banyak orang tertarik untuk membeli bahkan ingin belajar membuatnya. Selain tinggi nilai seni dan nilai guna produk tersebut juga menerapkan sistem 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) yang dimana dapat mengurangi limbah plastik. Namun, banyak pengrajin pot lukis yang belum mampu memasarkan produk tersebut secara digital melalui marketplace sehingga produk tersebut belum dikenal secara luas oleh masyarakat Surabaya melainkan hanya masyarakat Kelurahan Lontar saja. Hal tersebut dikarenakan banyak masyarakat yang belum memahami pengguanaan marketplace untuk memasarkan produk kerajinan pot lukis secara online. Tujuan dalam kegiatan pelatihan ini dapat membantu masyarakat Kelurahan Lontar dalam mengolah limbah gallon plastik menjadi suatu kerajinan tangan yang bernilai jual yaitu pot lukis serta pemanfaatan teknologi internet di bidang E-Marketng untuk memasarkan produk pot lukis secara luas. Metode yang digunakan dalam melakukan pengabdiam masyarakat ini adalah Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). Sebelum kegiatan tersebut diselenggarakan seluruh panitia melakukan evaluasi pelaksanaan kegiatan, penentuan lokasi, dan penentuan peserta pelatihan. Terdapat 15 orang peserta dalam pelatihan tersebut yang sebagian besar merupakan ibu-ibu PKK Kelurahan Lontar.
46
Permana, Agus Ganda, und Jangkung Raharjo. „Integrated Waste Management System with IOT-Based Centralized Control towards a Smart Eco Campus-Telkom University“. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 13, Nr. 2 (24.03.2023): 322–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Telkom University is a private university in Indonesia that has implemented an eco-campus or green campus program. The Greenmetric Program is one part of Telkom University's strategic planning in realizing a campus that cares and has an environmental culture by managing the environment in a systematic and sustainable manner. One of the programs is to reduce waste production. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research related to optimizing waste management by implementing Onsite Waste Treatment Technology-Integrated-Independent-Environmentally Friendly (TOSS-TMRL). TOSS-TMRL Management System with Centralized Control Based on the Internet of Things (IoT) Towards a Smart ECO Campus to be completed on the spot. This will reduce pollution, operational costs, and waste management investment and can even function as Living Labs for environmental-based courses. In addition, optimization is also one of the efforts to realize a smart eco campus towards the best-ranking Green Metric Telkom University. Wireless communication technology is very efficient, effective, and easy to use. One of the applications can be applied to determine the condition of environmental cleanliness in a campus area by integrating microcontroller technology and detection devices (sensors, QR codes, AR/imaging, and CCTV) with Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and IoT applications as tools to increase awareness of the importance of sorting waste so that the cleanliness of the campus area can be maintained. In this study, a system and network architecture design were carried out based on the number of sensor nodes, the number of recycle bins, the number of garbage transportation equipment, the number of buildings, the number of areas, and the ability of Data Transfer Nodes (DTN) to provide information to the server taken from the recycle bin of each room/building, business areas, SME facilities, canteens, and dormitories or local areas. With this system, it is hoped that there will be no accumulation of garbage and allow users/garbage managers to interact with the system through a web browser and android application.
47
Linge, Pangsui Usifu, Anvesh Pandey, Tony Gerges, Jean-Marc Duchamp, Philippe Benech, Jacques Verdier, Philippe Lombard et al. „Evaluation of Recycled Cardboard Paper as an Eco-Friendly Substrate for Rectenna and Ambient Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting Application“. Electronics 13, Nr. 13 (26.06.2024): 2499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13132499.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Developers of electronics for the Internet of Things are considering nonstandard substrate materials like recyclable, low-cost, and eco-friendly cardboard paper. From this perspective, this article reviews the design and experimental results of a 2D-rectenna for scavenging radio-frequency energy at 2.45 GHz on various cardboard paper substrates for both the antenna and rectifier. Four types of recycled cardboard material, each with different thicknesses, air gaps, and surface roughness, are selected for characterization. A linearly polarized rectangular microstrip patch antenna with microstrip transmission feeding is adopted for ease of fabrication. At 2.45 GHz, the antenna has a simulated and measured global gain of 2.98 dB and 2.53 dB, respectively, on a 2.2 mm thick cardboard material. The rectifying element consists of a voltage-doubler configuration connected through a T-matching network to the antenna. At low RF input power (−10 dBm), the maximum available DC output power is experimentally evaluated at 1.73 μW, 7.5 μW, and 8.5 μW for HSMS-2860, HSMS-2850, and SMS7306-079L diodes, respectively. The respective rectifiers with diodes SMS7306-079L, HSMS-2850, and HSMS-2860 exhibit optimal load values of 2 kΩ, 2.6 kΩ, and 8 kΩ. The rectifier designed using the SMS7306-079L diode experimentally reaches a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.2% at −5 dBm input power when the optimal load value is 1.5 kΩ.
48
Demestichas, Konstantinos, und Emmanouil Daskalakis. „Information and Communication Technology Solutions for the Circular Economy“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 18 (04.09.2020): 7272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187272.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The concept of circular economy (CE) is becoming progressively popular with academia, industry, and policymakers, as a potential path towards a more sustainable economic system. Information and communication technology (ICT) systems have influenced every aspect of modern life and the CE is no exception. Cutting-edge technologies, such as big data, cloud computing, cyber-physical systems, internet of things, virtual and augmented reality, and blockchain, can play an integral role in the embracing of CE concepts and the rollout of CE programs by governments, organizations, and society as a whole. The current paper conducts an extensive academic literature review on prominent ICT solutions paving the way towards a CE. For the categorization of the solutions, a novel two-fold approach is introduced, focusing on both the technological aspect of the solutions (e.g., communications, computing, data analysis, etc.), and the main CE concept(s) employed (i.e., reduce, reuse, recycle and restore) that each solution is the most relevant to. The role of each solution in the transition to CE is highlighted. Results suggest that ICT solutions related to data collection and data analysis, and in particular to the internet of things, blockchain, digital platforms, artificial intelligence algorithms, and software tools, are amongst the most popular solutions proposed by academic researchers. Results also suggest that greater emphasis is placed on the “reduce” component of the CE, although ICT solutions for the other “R” components, as well as holistic ICT-based solutions, do exist as well. Specific important challenges impeding the adoption of ICT solutions for the CE are also identified and reviewed, with consumer and business attitude, economic costs, possible environmental impacts, lack of education around the CE, and lack of familiarization with modern technologies being found among the most prominent ones.
49
Zheng, Kaiwen, Hong Cheng, S. A. Edalatpanah, Bin Wang, Zihan Hao und Guang Peng. „Strategic Analysis of the Recycler considering Consumer Behavior Based on E-Platform Recycling“. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (29.09.2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1464340.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Internet + platform recycling is a new model of recycling that provides more ways to recycle WEEE. Considering consumers’ preference for channels, we construct a single-channel reverse supply chain model (Model-S) and two dual-channel reverse supply chain models (Model-DU and Model-DD) consisting of a recycler and an e-platform and consider the unified pricing and differentiated pricing strategies in the dual-channel models. By solving the optimal decisions of members using game theory, we innovatively investigate the influence of channel competition and consumer behavior on e-platform recycling and provide a theoretical basis for recyclers to develop pricing strategies in different situations. We find that it is beneficial for the recycler to build its own channel and adopt the differentiated price strategy (Model-DD); more WEEE also can be recycled in this model. However, the e-platform prefers Model-S or Model-DU, which depends on the consumers’ preference and the disposal revenue of WEEE. In addition, consumers’ preference for e-platform is good for them but harmful for the recycler and has a negative impact on recycling quantities. These results aim to provide a theoretical basis for channel management and pricing strategies in the reverse supply chain and further enrich the managerial insights.
50
Zulkarnaen, Iskandar, Indarti Puji Lestari, Amisnaipa, Emi Sugiartini, Catur Oktivian Indri Hastuti, Yopi Saleh und Agus Muharam. „The role of urban agriculture in facing the food crisis“. E3S Web of Conferences 595 (2024): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202459504004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Urban agriculture has a role in dealing with climate change, one of the factors causing the food crisis that has begun to be felt by most of the world’s people, including Indonesia. The role of urban agriculture is considered to be able to provide food for urban and suburban/peri-urban communities through urban agricultural technology innovations that have developed in the community. This paper aims to provide an overview of the development of urban agriculture in Jakarta, Indonesia, as well as the prospects of urban agricultural development in Indonesia. The article discusses some technologies developed to support urban agriculture, including hydroponic technology, vertical farming, aquaponics, wall gardens, vertiminaponics, foot-square, and container gardening. Urban agricultural technology that has been widely developed is also supported by advanced technology, like the cultivation of hydroponic systems based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Managing organic waste from agricultural products and other urban waste is very supportive in overcoming the shortage of much-needed fertilizer. Organic waste management supports circular economic activities with the five principles of refuse, reduce, reuse, recycle, and recovery. From this principle, waste generated from economic activities will always return to feedback and become raw material for other activities.