Zeitschriftenartikel: „Religion, History of|Sociology, Theory and Methods|Women's Studies“

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Houston, Robert Allan. „British Society in the Eighteenth Century“. Journal of British Studies 25, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1986): 436–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/385873.

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The volume of publications on social history in the last decade has been enormous. The Royal Historical Society'sAnnual Bibliography of British Historycontains hundreds of new items each year, so many that keeping up with the latest research is almost impossible except within limited fields. The very quantity of material is a testament to the success of what has been termed the “new social history.” Taking as its focus the lives of the masses, this approach employs concepts and techniques drawn from cognate disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, and statistics to uncover the rich complexity of everyday life in the past. New interests, new methods, and a fresh look at underused primary sources: these are the hallmarks. This is not to say that it is a homogeneous “movement” since there are vigorous debates about central issues such as the use of theory and about the correct balance between quantification and traditional qualitative, intuitive approaches.The new social history has had a profound effect on the way in which all historians deal with their subject and even on its critics. That social history has arrived as a leader in historical analysis is amply attested by G. R. Elton's recent call to political historians not to accept reduction to the status of its poor cousins. The subject's position is assured, and its achievements have been substantial. This article deals with the main areas of research in social history: population, social structure, education and literacy, women, religion, and the family.

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Belyaeva, Evguenia, Lyubov Chumarova, Bulat Fakhrutdinov und Anastasia Fakhrutdinova. „FROM CONFRONTATION TO A DIALOGUE: THE DYNAMICS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH AND THE STATE (1917-1980)“. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, Nr. 4 (18.09.2019): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7451.

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Purpose of the Study: The aim of the research is to study the tendencies and potential of the church-state relationship at a critical juncture of the great political transformations. An objective need to analyze the past experience of church-state interrelations in Russia and to identify social and cultural role of church as the embodiment of religion served as the incentive for the present study. The article considers church-state relationship under the Soviet regime, the tragedy of their coexistence, reflected in a strong opposition, oppression and almost complete liquidation of the church, and, as a result, its accommodation in relations with the government within that period. Methodology: The authors used philosophical analysis of the church-state interaction, historicism and comparison principles enabling to consider its dynamics and evolution trends within the defined period. The researchers make the presumption that church-state relationship should be maintained on a cultural dialogue and cooperation basis in contrast with prior politicizing it. Result: The authors prove the provision that state performs not only external social function of organization and subjugation, but, in fact, defines moral criteria of living as a community of like-minded individuals. The conclusion about purely utilitarian and politicized perception of the social position of the church by Soviet state is drawn. Implications: Theoretical implication of the study is promotion of the further research and development in the direction due to the methods used in the study. The material can also be used within university courses on history, culture theory, cultural studies and sociology of religion, history of world religions. Novelty: The novelty of the study is manifested in introducing of expanded concepts of church and state in the context of their interaction into scientific circulation.

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Weissler, Chava. „The Religion of Traditional Ashkenazic Women: Some Methodological Issues“. AJS Review 12, Nr. 1 (1987): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009400001860.

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What does it mean to study women's religion? How are we to define our subject matter? How are we to understand the relationship of the history of women's religious life and practice to the history of particular religious traditions? I shall explore these questions within the context of a very specific topic: the religious life of Ashkenazic (Central and Eastern European) Jewish women in the late seventeenth, eighteenth, and early nineteenth centuries, as seen through the popular religious literature of the period. This literature, which was addressed primarily to women, was in Yiddish, the vernacular of Ashkenazic Jews, rather than in Hebrew, the sacred language, understood almost exclusively by men. My thinking about the different approaches one could take to this material, and the different uses to which it could be put, was stimulated by a lecture given by Joan Scott on the study of women's history. Using a framework of analysis suggested in part by Scott's work, I will distinguish between three general approaches to the study of women's religion: (1) those that add an account of women's religious lives to an already existing history of Judaism; (2) those that consider women's Judaism within the framework of other groups usually omitted from the history of Judaism; and (3) those that seek to transform our understanding of Judaism through the incorporation of the perspective gained from the study of women's religion.

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Seiwert, Hubert. „Theory of Religion and Historical Research. A Critical Realist Perspective on the Study of Religion as an Empirical Discipline“. Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft 28, Nr. 2 (07.10.2020): 207–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfr-2020-0001.

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AbstractThe article discusses the connection between theory formation and historical research in the study of religion. It presupposes that the study of religion is conceived of as an empirical discipline. The empirical basis of theories is provided primarily by historical research, including research in the very recent past, that is, the present time. Research in the history of religions, therefore, is an indispensable part of the study of religion. However, in recent discussions on the methods, aims, and theoretical presuppositions of the discipline, research in the history of religions largely is ignored. To shed some light on this blind spot, the article builds on the philosophy of science of Critical Realism. While the first part deals with the role of historical research in theoretical discourses of the discipline, the second part explains fundamental ontological and epistemological positions of Critical Realism and their implications for empirical research. On this basis, some methodological problems of theory formation in the study of religion are discussed in the third part. In particular, it is argued that it is impossible to validate empirically theories of religion that aim to explain what religion is. The concluding part sketches ways of theory formation in the study of religion that does not take religion as the explanandum but as the theoretical perspective that guides research.

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Carter, Jeffrey R. „Description Is Not Explanation: a Methodology of Comparison“. Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 10, Nr. 2 (1998): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006898x00015.

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AbstractThis essay presents a methodological framework for the comparative study of religion by analyzing academic description and explanation. It demonstrates how these two methods are in fact different forms of comparison with distinct goals and objectives. It further argues that description and explanation are related according to Bertrand Russell's theory of logical types and that successful comparative study adheres to the principles of logical typing. The essay aims to encourage more confident comparative studies in the History of Religions.

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Clark, Elizabeth A. „The Lady Vanishes: Dilemmas of a Feminist Historian after the “Linguistic Turn”“. Church History 67, Nr. 1 (März 1998): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3170769.

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History, Hayden White remarks, has no distinctively historical method, but borrows its models and methods from a variety of other disciplines. These disciplines, however, have varied over time. Latenineteenth-century German historiography looked to the rigorous procedures of the natural sciences to reconstruct the past “as it actually happened“; mid-twentieth-century historians turned to the social sciences, especially to anthropology and sociology, for their models and methods. More recently, historians' appropriation of (and experimentation with) concepts derived from literary and critical theory has occasioned much heated discussion within the field.

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LaMothe, Kimerer L. „A History of Theory and Method in the Study of Religion and Dance“. Brill Research Perspectives in Religion and the Arts 2, Nr. 1 (05.10.2018): 1–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24688878-12340003.

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AbstractThe relationship between religion and dance is as old as humankind. Contemporary methods for studying this relationship date back a century. The difference between these two time frames is significant: scholars are still developing theories and methods capable of illuminating this vast history that take account of their limited place within it. A History of Theory and Method in the Study of Religion and Dance takes on a primary challenge of doing so: overcoming a conceptual dichotomy between “religion” and “dance” forged in the colonial era that justified western Christian hostility towards dance traditions across six continents over six centuries. Beginning with its enlightenment roots, LaMothe narrates a selective history of this dichotomy, revealing its ongoing work in separating dance studies from religious studies. Turning to the Bushmen of the African Kalahari, LaMothe introduces an ecokinetic approach that provides scholars with conceptual resources for mapping the generative interdependence of phenomena that appear as “dance” and/or “religion.”

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Byrne, Peter. „The Theory of Religion and Method in the Study of Religion in the Encyclopedia of Religion“. Religious Studies 24, Nr. 1 (März 1988): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412500001165.

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In this review of articles in the Encyclopedia of Religion I have selected those concerning theoretical issues about the nature of religion and those describing the history and methods of the study of religion as an academic discipline. By any count this collection of papers (over 50) should be of central importance to an encyclopaedia of this nature. Method provides one of the most contentious and thorny sets of issues in contemporary academic debate in the study of religion. A reference work of this sort would perform an invaluable service if it offered a clear and comprehensive guide to these issues. Furthermore, there can be no more important questions for the student of religion than those concerning what kind of phenomenon religion is and how religion is related to human nature. If a reference work in the study of relgion cannot sum up the best of what is thought and known in contemporary scholarship in answer to these questions then, for all the detail it offers on particular manifestations of religion, it will be seriously deficient.

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Vance, Laura L. „DENOMINATIONALISM AND CHANGING GENDER IDEALS IN THE ADVENTIST REVIEW: AN EXAMINATION OF WEBER'S THEORY OF RELIGION OF THE DISPRIVILEGED CLASSES“. Nova Religio 1, Nr. 1 (01.10.1997): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.1997.1.1.50.

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ABSTRACT: This article employs a content analysis of the Adventist Review to explore Seventh-day Adventist denominational change and concomitant delimitation of women's roles and expectations in the denomination. It uses Weber's theory of the religion of non-privileged classes in order to consider denominational change and attendant advocation of specific gender ideals and proscriptions for Adventist women. The paper finds that early in its history Adventism defined itself in opposition to secular society, and that in the context of this definition by distinction, Adventist women were encouraged to assume positions of public religious responsibility not available to them in secular society. Following the turn of the century and especially during the 1950s and 1960s, as Adventist culture adopted an accommodating response to other denominations and secular society, the Review promoted conventional secular notions of gender appropriate activity, relegating men to the "bread-winner" role and discouraging women from engaging in wage labor, or religious activity outside of the domestic sphere. As suggested by Weber's theory of religion of non-privileged classes, examination of the Adventist Review illustrates the way in which Adventist leadership shifted from advocating ideals inconsistent with those promulgated in the wider society, when Adventist culture most emphasized its distinction, only to later embrace secular expectations of gender when the denomination adopted a more accommodating response to other denominations and secular society.

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Ashton, Dianne. „Hasia R. Diner and Beryl Leiff Benderly. Her Works Praise Her: A History of Jewish Women in America from Colonial Times to the Present. New York: Basic Books, 2002. xvii, 462 pp.“ AJS Review 29, Nr. 1 (April 2005): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009405410090.

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This valuable book is more than a long overdue corrective to the extant one-volume histories of American Jewry whose narratives pivot upon a familiar list of male names. Diner and Benderly offer us all the events and themes of American Jewish social history that we expect to find, but we see them through the actions, motivations, and experiences of women. And because women's experiences often have been entirely different from those of men, we learn more about the topic than can be available in the previous one-volume accounts. Although this book was written for a general audience, it reminds this reader of the more scholarly U.S. History as Women's History (1995) for the new understandings it brings to familiar material.

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Kaplan, Debra. „“To Immerse their Wives”: Communal Identity and the “Kahalishe” Mikveh of Altona“. AJS Review 36, Nr. 2 (November 2012): 257–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009412000189.

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On Sunday, the twelfth of Adar, March 2, 1681, theparnasim, the lay leaders of Altona, recorded an enactment in their communal logbook, thepinkas kehillah, regulating women's use of the localmikva'ot. Designating two privately-owned ritual baths as the only approved immersion locations for most of the women in the community, they decreed that defiance of this decree was to be punished with some of the most severe weapons in the arsenal of the communal leaders. Four years later, theparnasimreversed their policy and, with the permission of the community's rabbinic leadership, required the women to use only the newly builtkahalishe, or community,mikveh, banning the use of the two previously approvedmikva'ot. This article examines the construction and reconstruction of these policies regulating women's use ofmikva'ot, offering insight into how designated communal institutions were developed in the early modern period as well as how these institutions were used both to finance the community and to forge communal identity. Moreover, consideration of themikvehas a locus for building communal institutions and, in particular, communal identity, offers insight into how the growing bureaucratization of Jewish communal life in the early modern period affected women's lives.

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Galchinsky, Michael. „Women's Poetry and Religion in Victorian England: Jewish Identity and Christian Culture (review)“. Victorian Studies 45, Nr. 3 (2003): 551–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vic.2003.0122.

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Soares, Benjamin F. „The Attempt to Reform Family Law in Mali“. Die Welt des Islams 49, Nr. 3-4 (2009): 398–428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/004325309x12499944891284.

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AbstractIn this paper, I am concerned with understanding the recent efforts to reform the laws governing marriage and inheritance, the code de la famille or the Family Code in Mali. Since the advent of multiparty elections in the 1990s, prominent members of the Malian government and civil servants, Malian women's rights activists, secular NGOs, and international and bilateral donors have made efforts to promote various social reforms, including the advancement of women's rights and the promotion of gender equality, particularly through changes in the Family Code. While some observers have attributed the lack of reform to the increased influence of “Islamists” and/or to religiously conservative Muslims, I draw on historical research and ethnography to propose an alternative reading of the lack of institutional law reform. As I argue, the gap between Malian civil law relating to the family and the lived experiences and social practices of many Malians, who are overwhelmingly Muslim, has become even more apparent in this era of political liberalization and promotion of global human rights discourses. This has helped to make such proposed social reforms as the promotion of women's rights and family law reform more contentious and the ultimate outcome even more uncertain.

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Spencer, Daniel. „Evolutionary Literacy: A Prerequisite for Theological Education?“ Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 11, Nr. 1 (2007): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853507x173513.

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AbstractScientific literacy in evolutionary theory and scientific methods should be a required component of graduate theological education in the United States, so that pastors and theologians may participate constructively in contemporary debates about religion and evolution. Four areas of deficiency in theological education that should be addressed include the need to (1) reintegrate scientific literacy back into theological education; (2) integrate the history of science and particularly evolution into Christian and church history courses; (3) engage in serious theological encounter with evolution; (4) integrate science into Christian ethics. I suggest that the following texts provide helpful resources for this project: Eugenie Scott's Evolution and Creationism: An Introduction; Edward Larson's Evolution: The Remarkable History of a Scientific Theory; Ted Peters and Martinez Hewlitt's Evolution from Creation to New Creation: Conflict, Conversation, and Convergence; and the work of the Center for Process Studies and John Cobb, Jr in engaging process theology with evolution.

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Griffith, Alison. „Completing the Picture: Women and the Female Principle in the Mithraic Cult“. Numen 53, Nr. 1 (2006): 48–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852706776942302.

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AbstractIn the recently revived debate on the possible involvement of women in the Mithraic cult the main points of contention are the value and reliability of limited archaeological and epigraphic evidence and of two passing references to women's involvement in works by Porphyry and Tertullian. At one end of the spectrum, Richard Gordon proposed an alternate "Mithraic" world that not only excluded women but also subverted the female principle entirely. At the other end, Jonathan David challenged the claim that women were excluded from the Mithraic cult and proposed the possibility of lea and mater grades. The first part of this paper tackles the vexed issue of "evidence" by conducting a more thorough and stringent review of the physical evidence than that offered by David on this subject. The conclusion that none of this evidence is unequivocally Mithraic is hardly new; the aim is to put the debate to rest. The second part of this paper explores Porphyry's distinct but ambiguous reference to women as "hyenas" in the context of the Mithraic cult. In this section Gordon's theory of an alternate Mithraic reality is modified in order to reconcile numerous female sex and gender associations apparent in the iconography of the tauroctony scene.

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Moghadam, V. M. „The Politics of Women's Rights in Iran * By ARZOO OSANLOO“. Journal of Islamic Studies 21, Nr. 2 (01.05.2010): 306–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jis/etp080.

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Epp, Eldon Jay. „New Testament Textual Criticism Past, Present, and Future: Reflections on the Alands' Text of the New Testament“. Harvard Theological Review 82, Nr. 2 (April 1989): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000016138.

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History, theory, and practice are interwoven in most realms of human knowledge, yet students approaching a field often care little about its history; they are more concerned with its application and how the discipline is practiced. This may be illustrated from the physical and biological sciences, where it is common not only for novices but even experts to take an interest only very late—if at all—in the history of science, and more so among physicians, to whom the history of medicine is usually a curiosity at best. Students first grappling with NT textual criticism are not likely to be different—they want to know the “jargon,” the “rules,” and the basic methods that will permit them to practice the art and (as they are more likely to view it) the science of textual criticism. In this particular subfield of NT studies, however, the history and the practice of the discipline cannot easily be separated. After all, the canons of criticism—the so-called “rules” in textual criticism—are anything but objective standards that can be applied in a rigid, mechanical fashion.

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Marciano, Yoel. „How to Educate Children and Improve Family Life in the Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Empire, according to Rabbi Samuel Benveniste“. AJS Review 45, Nr. 1 (April 2021): 95–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009420000434.

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ʾOrekh yamim (Length of days; Constantinople, 1560), a short book of guidelines on educating children and maintaining a religious and moral family life, was written by Rabbi Samuel Benveniste, who belonged to one of the communities of exiles from Spain in the sixteenth-century Ottoman Empire. This article analyzes the information that emerges from the guidebook on the state of education and family life in Jewish society of the time. Parents' great fear of child mortality and its effect on their educational conduct is prominent throughout the book, lending it its title. Although child mortality was equally prevalent in all parts of society, the article highlights the posttraumatic experience of Spanish exiles who lost many children in their travails, and suggests seeing the immense anxiety expressed in the essay against this background. In addition, Benveniste's admonitions concerning women's immorality, while characteristic of writings of his time, provide an interesting view of the social norms of his era: he depicts women's swearing by the lives of their children, their cursing, their wish to adorn themselves with jewelry, as well as the difficulties of their daily lives.

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Minárik, Pavol. „The Economics of Religion in a Globalizing World: Communist China and Post-Communist Central Europe“. SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 07041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219207041.

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Research background: Religion is often neglected by economists despite the existing studies of its importance for the economy. Religion and culture shape the development of informal and formal institutions and hence impact economic development. Considering the economic importance of China, the religious situation in that country deserves attention; at the same time, due to the peculiar conditions of religion under Communism, the future of religion in China seems rather unclear. Purpose of the article: The paper proposes that the economics of religion may be useful in the analysis of the religious situation in China. It shows the possibilities of applying the economic approach even where markets are suppressed, such as under Communist rule. In light of economic theory, it shows that the experience of Central European countries under Communist rule, particularly Czechoslovakia, may provide clues about the future of religion in China. Methods: The paper builds on previous findings in the economics of religion. It reviews the theories concerning the regulation of the religious markets and the effects of deregulation, as well as the theories specifically developed to analyze religion under heavy regelation and the strategies for its survival. The history of Communist China and Czechoslovakia are compared with regard to those theories. Findings & Value added: The paper shows the similarities between Communist China and Czechoslovakia. The parallels seem useful to predict the further development of religion in China, including the effect of the possible tightening of anti-religious policies as well as those of deregulation upon the liberalization of the Chinese political regime.

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Cooke, Phil, Craig Calhoun, Mike Michael, Bryan S. Turner, Bryan S. Turner, Caroline Schwaller, Joanne Hollows et al. „Book Reviews: Economies of Signs & Space, Postmodernity USA: The Crisis of Social Modernism in Postwar America, Organizing Modernity, Postmodernism, Reason and Religion, the Adventure of Difference, Ways of Escape: Modern Transformations in Leisure and Travel, Relocating Cultural Studies: Developments in Theory and Research, Deconstructing Durkheim: A Post-Post-Structuralist Critique, the Frankfurt School: Its History, Theories and Political Significance, the European and American University since 1800, Historical and Sociological Studies, Fields of Knowledge, French Academic Culture in Comparative Perspective 1890–1920, the Body and Social Theory, the Sociology of Death: Theory, Culture, Practice, Researching Women's Lives from a Feminist Perspective, Childhood Identities: Self and Social Relationships in the Experience of the Child, Fathers and Daughters, Racialised Boundaries: Race, Nation, Gender, Colour and Class and the Anti-racist Struggle, the Ghetto Underclass: Social Science Perspectives, the Corporate Paradox: Power and Control in the Business Franchise, the Factory and the City: The Story of the Cowley Automobile Workers in Oxford, the Politics of Social Policy, the Eclipse of Council Housing, the Road from Paradise: Prospects for Democracy in Eastern Europe, Introducing Statistics for Social Research“. Sociological Review 42, Nr. 4 (November 1994): 779–835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1994.tb00110.x.

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Aali, Heta, Henna Karppinen-Kummunmäki, Niina Lehmusjärvi, Anne Närhi und Mari Tiihonen. „Report on the Premods Workshop: Culture/Cultural History, University of Turku, Finland“. Cultural History 5, Nr. 1 (April 2016): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cult.2016.0110.

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The Premods network (PREMODern Doctoral Students) at the University of Turku, Finland, organized a three-day workshop, which took place in September, focusing on the themes, definitions and problems of cultural history within the context of Nordic medieval and early modern historical studies and academic institutions. All participants and organizers of the network were doctoral students. The workshop was organized as a series of discussion sessions in which the participants were divided into four groups. Based on the participants' submitted papers, the themes for the first discussion session were gender, politics, communication and religion. For the second session all four groups were asked to reflect on the question ‘What is cultural history?’. The third (and final) discussion was entitled ‘The Problems/Basics of Cultural History’ and comprised four different themes: sources, theory, methods and ethics of cultural history. The workshop revealed the need for extensive discussion on the special characteristics of the whole field of cultural history in order to deconstruct the bias associated with the field. The direction of cultural history evoked debates, particularly about its all-encompassing nature. Mainly owing to these two previous points, the usefulness of cultural history inspired critical discussion among the participants.

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Cohen, Zafrira Lidovsky. „And Rachel Stole the Idols: The Emergence of Modern Hebrew Women's Writing“. AJS Review 31, Nr. 1 (April 2007): 200–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009407000402.

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Mealand, David L. „Positional Stylometry Reassessed: Testing a Seven Epistle Theory of Pauline Authorship“. New Testament Studies 35, Nr. 2 (April 1989): 266–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688500024656.

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It is well known that earlier ways of measuring the style of Paul's epistles have in recent years been supplemented by specific tests based on calculations of the frequency of certain particles, sentence lengths, use of the subjunctive, use of specific tenses and the like. Two prominent works using such methods reach very different conclusions. In an important recent book Anthony Kenny puts forward a conclusion phrased in terms which reflect the judicious caution of one well versed in philosophy. He does not boldly assert that it is probable that Paul wrote twelve of the surviving epistles, merely that on the evidence which he collected he saw ‘no reason to reject the hypothesis that twelve of the Pauline epistles are the work of a single, unusually versatile author’.

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Dash Moore, Deborah. „Pamela Nadell. Women Who Would Be Rabbis: A History of Women's Ordination, 1889–1985. Boston: Beacon Press, 1998. xiii, 300 pp.“ AJS Review 26, Nr. 02 (Oktober 2002): 401–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009402450118.

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Eldridge, John, Duncan Mitchell, Derek Layder, C. E. Ashworth, Paul Hirst, C. G. A. Bryant, Dennis Smith et al. „Book Reviews: Essays on the History of British Sociological Research, Three Sociological Traditions, Macro Sociological Theory: Perspectives on Sociological Theory Vol. I, Micro Sociological Theory: Perspectives on Sociological Theory Vol. II, Powers and Liberties: The Causes and Consequences of the Rise of the West, Is Democracy Possible?, Talcott Parsons and the Capitalist Nation-State, G.H. Mead. A Contemporary Re-Examination of His Thought, Language, Structure and Reproduction. An Introduction to the Sociology of Basil Bernstein, Measuring Culture: A Paradigm for the Analysis of Social Organisation, Food in the Social Order, Classes, Annals of the Labouring Poor, Beyond Employment: Household, Gender and Subsistence, Women's Working Lives: Patterns and Strategies, On Women, Sexuality and Love, A Woman's Place, An Oral History of Working-Class Women 1890–1940, The Autobiography of the Working Class: An Annotated, Critical Bibliography. Volume 1: 1790–1900, The Sociology of Law, Legal Systems and Social Systems, The Politics of the Police, European Immigration Policy: A Comparative Study, The Elementary Forms of the New Religious Life, The Need for Religious Certainty: A Sociological Study of Conventional Religion, No Pope of Rome: Militant Protestantism in Modern Scotland, American Journal of Islamic Studies, Volume 1, No 1, 1984, Ancient Judaism, The Armenian Quarter of Jerusalem, Islamic Sociology, Categories of Medieval Culture, Science for Social Scientists, The Intellectual and Social Organization of the Sciences, Framing Science: The Making of a BBC Documentary“. Sociological Review 34, Nr. 3 (August 1986): 657–729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1986.tb00693.x.

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Finkelstein, Ari. „Taking Herod to Task: Source Critical and New Historical Methods of Reading Herod’s Trial“. Journal for the Study of Judaism 50, Nr. 3 (29.08.2019): 403–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700631-15031212.

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AbstractFor nearly three decades scholars of the first-century Jewish historian, Flavius Josephus, have debated this author’s methodologies and goals in writing his Jewish Antiquities. While source-critics view Josephus as a compiler, new historians have chosen to read Antiquities as primarily a literary work which reveals social, political, and intellectual history. A series of recent publications place these methodologies side by side but rarely coordinate them, which leaves out important insights of each group. At stake is how we moderns read Jewish history of the first century CE. I explore how parallel accounts of Herod’s trial while he was Tetrarch of the Galilee in Jewish War and in Antiquities can be justified by employing source-critical analysis as a first step to explain the changes made to the text of Antiquities before turning to new historians’ methodologies. We can better understand the function of Herod’s trial in Antiquities through this process.

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Wahiyudin, Ummi Nadjwa, und Taj Rijal Bin Muhamad Romli. „Tanslating Malay Compounds into Arabic Based on Dynamic Theory and Arabization Method“. Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 11, Nr. 1 (28.06.2021): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jitc.111.03.

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This study aims at making possible the effective use of machine translation (MT) in interpreting the Malay compounds into Arabic ones following the structure and Arabic style. The necessity of this study arises on account of the weakness of translation quality using online MT and the lack of suitable methods to structure the compounds from the Malay language into Arabic. There are three objectives of this study which are to collect the results of Malay compound translations using online MT into Arabic, analyze the results of the compound translations, and suggest compound translation methods based on dynamic theory and Arabization method. The study uses three online MT as instruments to translate: Google Translate, Microsoft Bing Translator, and Yandex Translator. This qualitative study employs a descriptive approach and analysis method in collecting information and analyzing data. The study focuses on 15 Malay compounds which are later categorized into school names, hospital names, and clinics. The findings of translation have been drawn using the next three MTs and analyzed at three main level: namely grammar level, phonetics and phonology level, and dynamic translation level. From this analysis, 4 out of 15 compound nouns translations data into Arabic are categorized as poor translations for not approaching the structure and Arabic style. In the final stages, the results of the translation collected are formulated and suggested alternative translations based on dynamic theory and methods of Arabization and compound restructuring formula in Arabic. Through this process, the translation results of the compounds can be categorized as translations that can meet the structure and style of the Arabic language. The compound translation model can be proposed as a new translation method for Arabic language users, especially the Arabic translators and students both at school and higher education.

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Ahmadi, Amir. „On the coherence of Yasna: a critical assessment of recent arguments“. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 81, Nr. 1 (21.12.2017): 57–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x17001392.

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AbstractIn recent years a number of scholars have proposed more or less detailed schemas of the formation of the Zoroastrian ritual. These schemas offer accounts of the arrangement of the texts in the liturgy, the process of its formation, and even its function from an endogenous perspective. One way or another, they argue that the official Zoroastrian liturgy is an integrated ritual with a coherent text, and that the function of the ritual and the intention behind the arrangement of the texts can be determined by means of philological, literary and comparative analyses. The questions of formation and meaning of the Zoroastrian liturgy these scholars have placed on the agenda are important not only for the study of Zoroastrianism but also for the history of religions and ritual theory. I consider their accounts with respect to the texts they invoke and the methods they use, and show that their arguments suffer from fatal flaws.

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Hossain, Mary. „Review: Women's Human Rights and Islam, A Study of Three Attempts at Accommodation Jonas Svensson“. Journal of Islamic Studies 14, Nr. 1 (01.01.2003): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jis/14.1.101.

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30

Sukhanova, Irina Yur'evna. „The dynamics of using thematic group “Religion” in the works of K. G. Paustovsky“. Litera, Nr. 4 (April 2021): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.4.35295.

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The subject of this research is the dynamics of using thematic group “Religion” in the literary works of K. G. Paustovsky. The eight-volume collection of the writer's works served as the material for this research. The goal is to characterize the specificity of functionality of the lexicon with the semantics of religion in the works of K. G. Paustovsky. The article employs the following methods: descriptive-analytical, system description, inductive-hypothetical, contextual analysis and qualitative analysis; observation and interpretation techniques. The practical value of this research lies in the possibility to use its results in the university disciplines, such as “Philological Analysis of the Text”, “Modern Russian Language”, “History of the Russian Literary “Language”, and “Stylistics”. The scientific novelty consists in studying the lexicon of the thematic group “Religion” in the works of K. G. Paustovsky in the dynamic aspect (the author offers the methodology of three-stage analysis). It is determined that the linguistic unit pertaining to “Religion” in the works of K. G. Paustovsky indicate a significant dynamics of their application relate to a particular period of his creative path, functions of a literary work,  levels of artistic usage, division of nominations into subgroups and micro-groups. All of the aforementioned characteristics are interrelated. The presented material will be valuable in the Paustovsky’s studies, theory of poetic speech, functional-semantic research.

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Zinger, Oded. „“She Aims to Harass Him”: Jewish Women in Muslim Legal Venues in Medieval Egypt“. AJS Review 42, Nr. 1 (April 2018): 159–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009418000107.

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Jewish women in medieval Egypt made extensive use of Muslim legal venues. By amassing and analyzing a sizable corpus of Geniza documents and contemporary responsa, this study explores how women accessed these venues, why they did so, and the response of the Jewish community. Complementing the traditional explanations given to Jewish use of Muslim legal venues, such as legal difference and greater enforceability, I argue that Muslim legal forums offered Jewish women a way of resisting the pressures they often faced in Jewish communal institutions and at home. For its part, the Jewish leadership used a variety of measures to prevent women from using Muslim legal venues; women who persisted were castigated more harshly than men were. This study also sheds light on Jewish women's points of contact with broader Islamic society and the relationship between Jews and the Islamic state.

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Brenner, Rachel Feldhay. „The Artist as a Mother and the Birth of Terrible Beauty in the Post-Holocaust World: Ruth Almog's The Inner Lake“. AJS Review 28, Nr. 2 (November 2004): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009404000169.

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In her path-breaking study of Israeli women's fiction, Yael Feldman concludes her analysis of Ruth Almog's Roots of Air (1987) with an insightful observation. In this major work, Feldman claims, Almog trespassed into the male writers' territory and became the first among Israeli woman writers to produce an autobiographical fiction of the “portrait of an artist as a young girl.” Feldman concludes that, once the stage of “therapeutic” self-examination, which encompasses “both the oedipal fixation and the daughter–mother identification,” has been completed, “Almog has now embraced the mother in herself.” Indeed, Feldman identifies the next stage in Almog's artistic evolution in her collection of stories, Artistic Mending (1993), suggesting that now the story of another has become the focus of Almog's artistic concern. In Artistic Mending the writer turns her “motherly” attention to life stories of children, mainly second-generation Holocaust survivors, seeking ways to understand, but also “mend” the damaging effects of the tragic historical legacy.

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Ilan, Tal. „Notes on the Distribution of Jewish Women's Names in Palestine in the Second Temple and Mishnaic Periods“. Journal of Jewish Studies 40, Nr. 2 (01.10.1989): 186–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.18647/1472/jjs-1989.

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34

Feldhay Brenner, Rachel. „Lillian Kremer. Women's Holocaust Writing: Memory and Imagination. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999. xi, 278 pp.“ AJS Review 26, Nr. 01 (April 2002): 178–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009402500040.

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35

Hankela, Elina. „Systematic Theology at the Grassroots – an Oxymoron or a Way to the Future? A Story of Combining Anthropological Methods and a Systematic Theological Approach“. Mission Studies 28, Nr. 2 (2011): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338311x605647.

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Abstract This study explores the challenges and possibilities of using anthropological research methods in constructive systematic theology and ethics. This analysis is approached through a discussion of the methodological choices that the author has made in conducting her PhD research in an area that lacks the sources that are traditionally affiliated with systematic theology, written texts and documents. Aligning with a liberation theological call for listening to the voice of grassroots communities that may offer academia and society insights into promoting social justice, this study suggests that a gap that still exists between much of mainstream Western systematic theology and the liberation and postcolonial paradigms should be replaced by a critical, constructive dialogue. It is argued that as the center of gravity of Christianity has shifted to the Global South, Western academia needs to recognize the epistemological and methodological insights of theologians from the South. This analysis then continues to discuss the agency of a researcher who collects her or his data in the midst of a living community. In agreement with scholars such as Said and Appiah, this study highlights the subjective nature of any research and the need for the researcher to be aware of the factors that influence his or her perception. On a more practical level, the concepts of the Praxis Cycle and Grounded Theory as frameworks are introduced and demonstrated that these are of help in creating a functional way of combining anthropological and systematic theological approaches in order to do theology from below.

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Adorisio, Chiara. „Philosophy of Religion or Political Philosophy? The Debate Between Leo Strauss and Julius Guttmann“. European Journal of Jewish Studies 1, Nr. 1 (2007): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187247107780557263.

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AbstractThe article reconstructs and examines the debate between Leo Strauss (1899–1973) and Julius Guttmann (1880–1950) on the interpretation of the essence of Jewish medieval philosophy. Is Jewish medieval philosophy characterised by being essentially a philosophy of religion or, as Strauss objected in his critique of Guttmann, is it better understood if we consider that Jewish medieval rationalists conceived the problem of the relationship between philosophy and Judaism primarily as the problem of the relationship between philosophy and the law?Though both Guttmann and Strauss seem to discuss in their works the question of the interpretation of medieval Jewish philosophy in a historical way, their arguments were in fact rooted in a theoretical and philosophical interest. Strauss and Guttmann followed different philosophical methods, had different personal attitudes toward Judaism and faith, but both tried to learn from medieval and ancient philosophy to understand the problems of modern and contemporary rationalism.

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Sered, Susan. „Esther Schely-Newman. Our Lives are but Stories: Narratives of Tunisian-Israeli Women. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 2002. 232 pp.“ AJS Review 28, Nr. 2 (November 2004): 386–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s036400940435021x.

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Our Lives are but Stories is a welcome and appealing addition to the small but valuable corpus of studies of Jewish women whose ethnic heritages, as much as their Judaism, shape their life experiences and their narratives telling of those experiences. Joining books such as Lisa Gilad's Ginger and Salt: Yemeni Jewish Women in an Israeli Town (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1989); Jael Silliman's Jewish Portraits, Indian Frames: Women's Narratives from a Diaspora of Hope (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 2001); Joelle Bahloul's Le Culte de la Table Dressée: Rites et Traditions de la Table Juive Algérienne (Paris: A. M. Métailié: Diffusion, Presses universitaires de France, 1983); Rachel Simon's Change Within Tradition Among Jewish Women in Libya (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1992); and my own Women As Ritual Experts: The Religious Lives of Elderly Jewish Women in Jerusalem (New York: Oxford University Press 1992), Schely-Newman's Our Lives are but Stories makes a substantial contribution to the study of Jewish women of Asia and North Africa.

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Marogy, A. „The Legacy of the Kitab: Sibawayhi's Analytical Methods within the Context of the Arabic Grammatical Theory * By RAMZI BAALBAKI“. Journal of Islamic Studies 22, Nr. 2 (14.02.2011): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jis/etq064.

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Katsumata, Naoya, und Wout van Bekkum. „Toward a Dictionary of Medieval Piyyut: Methods, Motifs, and Materials“. European Journal of Jewish Studies 1, Nr. 2 (2007): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187247107783876284.

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Ofer, Yosef. „Methods of Encoding in Samuel De Archevolti's Arugat Ha-Bosem“. European Journal of Jewish Studies 2, Nr. 1 (2008): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187247108786120864.

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AbstractThe grammar book Arugat Ha-Bosem is the major work compiled by the Italian scholar R. Sh'muel ben Elhanan Ya'acov Archevolti, born c. 1530 and died in 1611. The book was completed in the city of Padua in 1602 and was published in Venice. It is a comprehensive, 32-chapter book dealing with the Hebrew language. Chapter Thirty in this book discusses many different ways of encoding a text, its perspective being that these too are types of human “languages of communication,” and are thus worthy of being discussed in a book dealing with language. The writer discusses ways of communicating with a deaf mute who neither hears nor speaks, with physical encoding by means of hidden inks, and mainly with the systematic encoding of messages, some systems being simple and others more complex.

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Newby, L. J. „The History of Women's Mosques in Chinese Islam By Maria Jaschok and Shui Jingjun (Surrey: Curzon Press, 2000), 380 pp. Price HB 45.00. ISBN 0-7007-1302-6.“ Journal of Islamic Studies 12, Nr. 3 (01.09.2001): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jis/12.3.378.

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42

Norkus, Zenonas. „JÖRNO RÜSENO ISTORINĖS KULTŪROS STUDIJŲ TEORINĖS IDĖJOS“. Problemos 67 (01.01.2005): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2005..4093.

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Straipsnyje aptariama vokiečių istoriko ir filosofo Jörno Rüseno (g. 1938) istorinės kultūros samprata, nagrinėjama šia samprata grįsto istorinės kultūros studijų projekto genezė iš istorikos, suprantamos kaip istoriografijos metateorija. Istorikos objektas yra istoriografijos paradigma kaip penkių tarpusavyje susijusių veiksnių (interesų, požiūrių į praeitį, tyrimo metodų, reprezentacijos formų, gyvenimo praktinės orientacijos funkcijų) sistema, turinti hermeneutinio rato struktūrą. Istorinė kultūra aprėpia visas praeities socialinės reprezentacijos, viešosios kolektyvinės atminties apraiškas, kuriomis pasireiškia visuomenės ar tam tikros socialinės grupės istorinė sąmonė, o jos struktūrą bei specifiką apibrėžia kognityvinio, politinio ir estetinio matmens santykis. Nei ankstesnėje istorikos koncepcijoje, nei vėlesniame istorinės kultūros studijų projekte Rüsenas nepateikia patenkinamo apibendrinamųjų teiginių apie istoriją ir jos reprezentaciją epistemologinio statuso problemos sprendimo. Jo istorinės kultūros studijų koncepcija yra vienpusiškai orientuota į elitinę istorinę kultūrą ir ignoruoja populiariosios istorinės kultūros gamybos, vartojimo, komercializacijos, ideologinių funkcijų problematiką. Originalių bruožų Rüseno istorinės kultūros koncepcijai suteikia istorijos etikos ir istorijos religijos idėjos.Prasminiai žodžiai: Jörnas Rüsenas, istorika, istorinė kultūra, istorinės kultūros studijos. JÖRN RÜSEN’S THEORETICAL IDEAS FOR THE HISTORICAL CULTURE STUDIESZenonas Norkus Summary The article discusses the concept of historical culture of German historian and philosopher Jörn Rüsen (b. 1938). This discussion includes the analysis of the idea of the historical culture studies that evolved from theory of historiography or metahistory (Historik). Rüsen considered as the object of Historik paradigms of historical studies conceived as hermeneutical-circle-like structures including interests, viewpoints upon the past, methods of research, forms of representation, and functions of the practical orientation of life. Historical culture includes all phenomena of the social representation of the past, public collective memory considered as expression of the historical consciousness of society or some particular social group. The structure of historical culture is defined by the interrelated cognitive, political, and aesthetic dimensions. However, neither in his earlier concept of Historik nor in the later project of the historical culture studies Rüsen provides satisfactory solution of the problems concerning epistemological status of his universal statements about the history and its representations. Are they descriptive or normative statements? A priori or empirical statements? His idea of the historical culture studies is onesidedly oriented towards the elite historical culture at the cost of neglecting the issues related to the production, consumption, commercialization of popular historical culture and its ideological functions. The ideas of the ethics of history and that of religion of history are considered as the original and bold proposals how to extend the field of the historical culture studies.Keywords: Jörn Rüsen, metahistory (Historik), historical culture, historical culture studies.

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Dowden, Ken. „Britt-Mari Näsström: The Abhorrence of Love: Studies in Rituals and Mystic Aspects in Catullus' Poem of Attis. (Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Uppsala Women's Studies, A. Women in Religion, 3.) Pp.98. Uppsala: University of Uppsala, 1989 (distributed by: Almqvist & Wiksell). Paper, S.kr. 107.“ Classical Review 41, Nr. 2 (Oktober 1991): 501–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x00281481.

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Zarytovskaya, Victoria N. „Ibadism in the Mirror of Culture: Peculiarities of the Poetics of Abu Muslim Al-Bahlany and his Coreligionists“. Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, Nr. 4 (2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080011813-1.

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The article examines the ideological core and technique of the poetic art of the most famous poets of Oman, the state religion of which is Ibadism. An interdisciplinary approach, which included historical review and linguistic methods of analysing original texts, made it possible to identify the content and artistic features of the Ibadites works. A close connection was revealed between the theory and history of Ibadism not only with the themes of the works (religious with a predominance of the motive of exile, repentance, justice and a call to civil action), but also with the forms of their implementation, such as refusal to directly mention the epithets of Allah, certain types of chronotopes, suggestive techniques, the use of the full semantic potential of the word, etc. The authors assert that Ibadite poetry has a political orientation and that civil Arab poetry could reach its heights only in the Ibadite environment. The peculiarities of the Ibadite poetics are traced mainly in the texts of such a prominent figure in the culture of Oman as Abu Muslim al-Bahlani.

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Legaré, Anne-Marie. „Reassessing women's libraries in late medieval France: the case of Jeanne de Laval“. Renaissance Studies 10, Nr. 2 (Juni 1996): 209–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-4658.1996.tb00357.x.

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46

SCHLOSSBERG, Eliezer. „Concepts and Methods in the Commentary of R. Saadia Gaon on the Book of Daniel“. Revue des Études Juives 150, Nr. 3 (01.07.1991): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/rej.150.3.2012705.

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47

Hurth, Elisabeth. „William and Ralph Waldo Emerson and the Problem of the Lord's Supper: The Influence of German ‘Historical Speculators’“. Church History 62, Nr. 2 (Juni 1993): 190–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3168143.

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The studies by Julie Ellison, Barbara Packer, and Wesley T. Mott demonstrate that Emerson's exposure to German biblical criticism worked steadily on his religious mind. While the former studies focus on the problem of the relation of faith to history and the more inclusive problem of the shift away from an evidentialist christology, the present study wants to show that the confrontation with German biblical criticism issued in the case of William and Ralph Waldo Emerson in a decisive change of profession and a break with the ministerial office. Moreover, this study also sets out to demonstrate that Ralph Waldo Emerson's appropriation of German biblical criticism presented an important anticipation of the intuitional doctrines of Transcendentalism. When William Emerson, following the example of such American Göttingen students as George Ticknor and Edward Everett, journeyed to Göttingen in 1824 he experienced a professional crisis triggered by the critical methods of the Göttingen exegetes J. G. Eichhorn and J. D. Michaelis. The biblical criticism which prevailed in Göttingen posed a threat for Unitarians not so much because of the depreciation of supernatural revelation as because of the very method with which this disparagement was brought about. The questioning of the historicity of the biblical narratives characteristic of the so-called “higher criticism” practiced at Göttingen cut against the grain of the Unitarian biblical tradition which regarded the biblical narratives as a factually reliable repository of “the history of Christ.” “There is no other theory,” Andrews Norton observed with regard to higher criticism, “in which propositions ready to weaken man's faith in the genuineness of the Gospels, are so elaborately and plausibly introduced.”

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Alwi Bani Rakhman. „PROBLEMATIKA MANHAJ TAKFIR MUHAMMAD BIN ABDUL WAHHAB (TELAAH KRITIS DALAM TINJAUAN MASLAHAH)“. AN NUR: Jurnal Studi Islam 12, Nr. 2 (05.04.2021): 231–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37252/an-nur.v12i2.74.

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Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab is one of Muslims group leader who promoted the takfir concept as an important part in his religious thought. This article explains his methodology of takfir and its legal implications, then examined critically by using mas}lah}ah perpective. This study of the works of Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab concludes: First, the methodology of takfir Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab can be seen through understanding his principle thoughts about Ibadah (worship) and Islam, and also various rules that must be known and implemented related to when takfir can be implemented, such as the terms and barriers of takfir, qiyam al-h}ujjah dan masa’il zahirah dan masa’il khafiyyah. Second, considering the legal implications of takfir, then at that time his concept doesn’t fully lead to mas}lah}ah ‘a>mmah primarily related to the variety of methods of understanding religion (al-Qur’an and al-Sunnah).

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Rogers, Mary. „The decorum of women's beauty: Trissino, Firenzuola, Luigini and the representation of women in sixteenth-century painting“. Renaissance Studies 2, Nr. 1 (März 1988): 47–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-4658.1988.tb00137.x.

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Rogers, Mary. „The Decorum of Women's Beauty: Trissino, Firenzuola, Luigini and The Representation of Women In Sixtenth-Century Painting“. Renaissance Studies 2, Nr. 1 (September 1988): 47–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-4658.00048.

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