Zeitschriftenartikel: „Replacement source“

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Zapotocky, Theresa Lynn. „Tea as source of potassium replacement?“ Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing 15, Nr. 1 (Januar 1988): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152192-198801000-00039.

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Holmes, Kim D., und Paula R. Notarangelo. „Tea as source of potassium replacement?“ Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing 15, Nr. 1 (Januar 1988): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152192-198801000-00040.

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Rooyackers, Rita, Anne Vandooren, Anne S. Verhulst, Amey Mahadev Walke, Eddy Simoen, Katia Devriendt, Sabrina Lo-Corotondo et al. „Ge-Source Vertical Tunnel FETs Using a Novel Replacement-Source Integration Scheme“. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 61, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2014): 4032–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2014.2365142.

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4

Aslani, Alireza, Samaneh Akbari und Sanaz Tabasi. „The Robustness of Natural Gas Energy Supply“. International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 7, Nr. 3 (Juli 2018): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2018070103.

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This article describes how affordability, acceptability, and reliability of energy supply are three important concerns for government. Due to the crude oil restrictions and its environmental impacts, a replacement of other energy sources has become more important in recent years. Natural gas is one of the replacements as a cleaner source with a more suitable calorific value than oil in comparison with other renewable energy sources. Therefore, utilization of natural gas as the main source of replacement strategies in the energy system has accelerated at the national level. However, the natural gas energy system is a complex system including different influencing and influenced variables that affect social and economic factors. This research has developed a system dynamics model to understand the complexity of the natural gas energy systems at the macro-level. The model shows the effective sub-systems of energy system with their related variables. It helps to predict the effective factors of an energy supply system based on statistics approaches. After that, three scenarios are defined based on expert opinions and the behaviors of the sub-systems in each scenario is analyzed. The approach also helps to understand unknown consequences of a decision or scenario in the energy system.

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Snell, D., J. Dunn, K. Sinnott, C. Hsieh, G. Jong und G. Hooper. „Joint replacement rehabilitation and the role of funding source“. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 51, Nr. 10 (2019): 770–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2600.

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Takeuchi, Kosuke, Ryo Kunimoto und Jürgen Bajorath. „R-group replacement database for medicinal chemistry“. Future Science OA 7, Nr. 8 (September 2021): FSO742. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/fsoa-2021-0062.

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Aim: Generation of an R-group replacement system for compound optimization in medicinal chemistry. Materials & methods: From bioactive compounds, analogue series (ASs) were systematically extracted and from these ASs, all R-groups were isolated and further analyzed. Exemplary results & data: From more than 17,000 ASs, more than 50,000 unique R-groups were isolated. For the 500 most frequently used R-groups, preferred replacements were identified and organized in hierarchies. All original data and an R-group replacement database are made available in an open access deposition. Limitations & next steps: The searchable database has no limitations and can easily be modified using the source data we provide. The next step will be applying this R-group resource in practical medicinal chemistry projects as decision support.

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Cooper, Joyce, Tarja Häkkinen, Sirje Vares, Jenni Jahn und Sakari Pulakka. „Combining Building Renovation and Ground Source Heat Pump Installations for the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Case Study in Vaasa Finland“. Journal of Green Building 4, Nr. 1 (01.02.2009): 146–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.4.1.146.

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Given the growing interest in ground source heat pump and distributed heating installations in general for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, technology implementation planning can benefit from the simultaneous consideration of building renovations. Here, a method for identifying and evaluating scenarios based on cost and greenhouse gas emissions is presented. The method is demonstrated for a case study in Vaasa Finland. The case study considers the insulation of the walls, roof, and base floor and the replacement of windows based on 2003 and 2010 Finnish building codes simultaneously with the possible replacement of existing heat sources with ground source heat pumps. Estimates of changes in heat demand for consecutive renovations are combined with data on renovation, installation, heating costs, and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions data for the current and proposed heat sources. Preferred scenarios are identified and evaluated by building type, construction decade, and current heating source. The results are then placed within the contexts of the Vaasa building stock and policy theory.

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Morrow, Gael B., Molly S. A. Carlier, Sruti Dasgupta, Fiona B. Craigen, Nicola J. Mutch und Nicola Curry. „Fibrinogen Replacement Therapy for Traumatic Coagulopathy: Does the Fibrinogen Source Matter?“ International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 4 (22.02.2021): 2185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042185.

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Fibrinogen is the first coagulation protein to reach critically low levels during traumatic haemorrhage. There have been no differential effects on clinical outcomes between the two main sources of fibrinogen replacement: cryoprecipitate and fibrinogen concentrate (Fg-C). However, the constituents of these sources are very different. The aim of this study was to determine whether these give rise to any differences in clot stability that may occur during trauma haemorrhage. Fibrinogen deficient plasma (FDP) was spiked with fibrinogen from cryoprecipitate or Fg-C. A panel of coagulation factors, rotational thromboelastography (ROTEM), thrombin generation (TG), clot lysis and confocal microscopy were performed to measure clot strength and stability. Increasing concentrations of fibrinogen from Fg-C or cryoprecipitate added to FDP strongly correlated with Clauss fibrinogen, demonstrating good recovery of fibrinogen (r2 = 0.99). A marked increase in Factor VIII, XIII and α2-antiplasmin was observed in cryoprecipitate (p < 0.05). Increasing concentrations of fibrinogen from both sources were strongly correlated with ROTEM parameters (r2 = 0.78–0.98). Cryoprecipitate therapy improved TG potential, increased fibrinolytic resistance and formed more homogeneous fibrin clots, compared to Fg-C. In summary, our data indicate that cryoprecipitate may be a superior source of fibrinogen to successfully control bleeding in trauma coagulopathy. However, these different products require evaluation in a clinical setting.

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Prevost, Dave, Keerthi Jayamanna, Linda Graham, Sam Varah und Cornelia Hoehr. „New Ion Source Filament for Prolonged Ion Source Operation on A Medical Cyclotron“. Instruments 3, Nr. 1 (16.01.2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments3010005.

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Cyclotrons are an important tool for accelerator sciences including the production of medical isotopes for imaging and therapy. For their successful and cost-efficient operation, the planned and unplanned down time of the cyclotron needs to be kept at a minimum without compromising reliability. One of the often required maintenance activities is the replacement of the filament in the ion source. Here, we are reporting on a new ion source filament tested on a medical cyclotron and its prolonging effect on the ion source operation.

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Sudakaran, Sailendharan, Christian Kost und Martin Kaltenpoth. „Symbiont Acquisition and Replacement as a Source of Ecological Innovation“. Trends in Microbiology 25, Nr. 5 (Mai 2017): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2017.02.014.

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Arcolino, Fanny O., Lambertus van den Heuvel, Silvia Zia, Katharina Held, Joris Vriens, Jaan Toelen, Patricia Murray und Elena Levtchenko. „FP046URINE AS SOURCE OF UNDIFFERENTIATED KIDNEY CELLS FOR PODOCYTE REPLACEMENT“. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 30, suppl_3 (Mai 2015): iii80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfv167.02.

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Oishi, Yasuhisa, Nana Hirahara, Toru Takaseya, Takemi Kawara, Masahiro Yasaka und Shigeki Morita. „Graft Replacement for Massive Mobile Embolic Source in Brachiocephalic Artery“. Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals 16, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2008): e58-e59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/021849230801600626.

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A 76-year-old woman presented with multiple brain infarctions in the right middle cerebral artery and vertebral artery area. Carotid sonography revealed a large mobile pedunculated mass in the brachiocephalic artery, which showed rapid growth despite treatment with heparin and aspirin. Graft replacement of the brachiocephalic artery was performed under selective cerebral perfusion with deep hypothermia. Histology of the resected specimen revealed aortic atherosclerotic plaque.

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Kazmierczak, S. C., und F. Van Lente. „Incidence and source of hyperamylasemia after cardiac surgery.“ Clinical Chemistry 34, Nr. 5 (01.05.1988): 916–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/34.5.916.

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Abstract We investigated the incidence and possible mechanisms of postoperative hyperamylasemia in 101 patients after cardiac surgery. Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) activities in serum were increased in 36% of patients after bypass surgery, 59% of patients after valve replacement, and in 69% of patients after combined bypass and valve replacement. Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) activity was increased in 30% of all patients. We found enzymatic evidence for pancreatitis in six patients. Thirty-six patients showed increased salivary (S-type) amylase activity, with a positive correlation (r = 0.55, P less than 0.001) between the severity of pleural effusions and the peak S-type amylase activity. Hyperamylasemia after cardiac surgery is apparently often related to absorption of S-type amylase from pleural fluid and (or) from aspirated salivary secretions. Monitoring patients for postsurgical pancreatitis necessitates assay of amylase isoenzymes to distinguish abnormalities resulting in release of pancreatic (P-type) amylase from those involving release of S-type amylase.

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CAGOL, Luana, Lilian Dena SANTOS, Tânia Cristina PONTES, Izabel Volkweis ZADINELO und Eduardo Luís Cupertino BALLESTER. „Replacement of protein source in practical diets for Amazon River Prawn“. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 44, Nr. 1 (21.03.2018): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2018.280.

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Lien, R. J., J. B. Hess, D. E. Conner, C. W. Wood und R. A. Shelby. „Peanut hulls as a litter source for broiler breeder replacement pullets“. Poultry Science 77, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/77.1.41.

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FRANCIS, J., A. OLARIU, E. KOBAYASHI und P. LEONE. „GFP-transgenic Lewis rats as a cell source for oligodendrocyte replacement“. Experimental Neurology 205, Nr. 1 (Mai 2007): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.01.039.

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Hall, Vanessa. „Porcine Embryonic Stem Cells: A Possible Source for Cell Replacement Therapy“. Stem Cell Reviews 4, Nr. 4 (04.09.2008): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12015-008-9040-2.

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Orgulan, Sukič und Ribič. „A Procedure for Mitigating the Light Flicker in Office LED Lighting Caused by Voltage Fluctuations“. Energies 12, Nr. 20 (18.10.2019): 3975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203975.

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Progress in the development of LED technologies has reached a state which justifies the replacement of lighting with traditional light sources, not only in new buildings but also in existing, older ones. One of such replacements was used as an example of a lighting flicker study presented in this paper. The results of initial measurements indicated that Rapid Voltage Changes (RVCs) are the cause of light flicker. The procedure was introduced and described in this paper to provide the necessary actions to mitigate the light flicker in LED lighting. In order to fulfil this task, the source of locally induced voltage fluctuations has to be identified. A method of identification was developed and a multi-function office printer was identified as the source of RVCs. Using a less sensitive LED driver, changing the connection point of the interfering device, and improving the electrical installation were considered as a set of possible solutions. Laboratory measurements have shown significant sensitivity of the LED driver to RVCs. The identified source of voltage disturbances was confirmed by a simulation of supply voltage variation in the presence of such device in Matlab Simulink with the use of digital flickermeter.

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Zhang, Xueli, Junqing Yang, Ming Lu und Xuedong Gong. „Pyridylpentazole and its derivatives: a new source of N5−?“ RSC Advances 5, Nr. 35 (2015): 27699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra00813a.

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Pyridylpentazole (PyN₅) and its derivatives with 1–2 electron withdrawing groups were studied using the density functional theory to assess their potentials as the source of pentazole anion N₅⁻ for replacement of phenylpentazole (PhN₅).

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Heimroth, Jamie, Max L. Willinger, Nipun Sodhi, Luke J. Garbarino, Peter A. Gold, Jonathan R. Danoff und Sreevathsa Boraiah. „Commentary: Management of Refractory Pain After Total Joint Replacement“. Journal of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery 2, Nr. 3 (10.09.2021): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29245/2767-5130/2021/3.1143.

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Chronic refractory pain after total joint replacement is debilitating and a source of dissatisfaction for patients. The management of pain following total joint replacement varies during the acute postoperative period compared to the 3 months postoperative at which point the pain is considered chronic pain. Acute postoperative pain relief programs have seen promising results with multimodal pain control through the use of combinations of opioids, acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gabapentinoids and ketamine. The addition of regional blocks to the multimodal regimen has improved acute postoperative pain control following total joint replacements. On the other hand, chronic pain can be successfully managed with options including genicular nerve radioablation therapy (GN-RFA), neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and peripheral subcutaneous field stimulation (PSFS). While there is still minimal data on chronic pain relief regimens, meta-analyses and case reports have demonstrated the effectiveness and promising outcomes. This paper aims to evaluate the current medications and treatment options for managing refractory pain following TJA.

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Behmann, Nicolai, und Holger Blume. „Psychophysics Study on LED Flicker Artefacts for Automotive Digital Mirror Replacement Systems“. Electronic Imaging 2020, Nr. 11 (26.01.2020): 234–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.11.hvei-234.

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LED flicker artefacts, caused by unsynchronized irradiation from a pulse-width modulated LED light source captured by a digital camera sensor with discrete exposure times, place new requirements for both visual and machine vision systems. While latter need to capture relevant information from the light source only in a limited number of frames (e.g. a flickering traffic light), human vision is sensitive to illumination modulation in viewing applications, e.g. digital mirror replacement systems. In order to quantify flicker in viewing applications with KPIs related to human vision, we present a novel approach and results of a psychophysics study on the effect of LED flicker artefacts. Diverse real-world driving sequences have been captured with both mirror replacement cameras and a front viewing camera and potential flicker light sources have been masked manually. Synthetic flicker with adjustable parameters is then overlaid on these areas and the flickering sequences are presented to test persons in a driving environment. Feedback from the testers on flicker perception in different viewing areas, sizes and frequencies are collected and evaluated.

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Peys, Arne, Mateja Košir, Ruben Snellings, Ana Mladenovič und Liesbeth Horckmans. „Detoxified Spent Pot Lining from Aluminum Production as (Alumino-)Silicate Source for Composite Cement and AutoClaved Aerated Concrete“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 8 (20.04.2021): 3715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083715.

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New sources of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are needed to meet the future demand. A potential new source of SCM is spent pot lining, a residue from aluminum production. The present work showed that the refined aluminosilicate part of spent pot lining (SPL) has a moderate chemical reactivity in a cementitious system measured in the R3 calorimetry test, comparable to commercially used coal fly ash. The reaction of SPL led to the consumption of Ca(OH)2 in a cement paste beyond 7 days after mixing. At 28 and 90 days a significant contribution to strength development was therefore observed, reaching a relative strength, which is similar to composite cements with coal fly ash. At early age a retardation of the cement hydration is caused by the SPL, which should most likely be associated with the presence of trace amounts of NH3. The spent pot lining is also investigated as silica source for autoclaved aerated concrete blocks. The replacement of quartz by spent pot lining did not show an adverse effect on the strength-density relation of the lightweight blocks up to 50 wt% quartz substitution. Overall, spent pot lining can be used in small replacement volumes (30 wt%) as SCM or as replacement of quartz (50 wt%) in autoclaved aerated concrete blocks.

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Kann, Benjamin H., James B. Yu, John M. Stahl, James E. Bond, Christopher Loiselle, Veronica L. Chiang, Ranjit S. Bindra, Jason L. Gerrard und David J. Carlson. „The impact of cobalt-60 source age on biologically effective dose in high-dose functional Gamma Knife radiosurgery“. Journal of Neurosurgery 125, Supplement_1 (Dezember 2016): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.6.gks161497.

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OBJECTIVEFunctional Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) procedures have been increasingly used for treating patients with tremor, trigeminal neuralgia (TN), and refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Although its rates of toxicity are low, GKRS has been associated with some, if low, risks for serious sequelae, including hemiparesis and even death. Anecdotal reports have suggested that even with a standardized prescription dose, rates of functional GKRS toxicity increase after replacement of an old cobalt-60 source with a new source. Dose rate changes over the course of the useful lifespan of cobalt-60 are not routinely considered in the study of patients treated with functional GKRS, but these changes may be associated with significant variation in the biologically effective dose (BED) delivered to neural tissue.METHODSThe authors constructed a linear-quadratic model of BED in functional GKRS with a dose-protraction factor to correct for intrafraction DNA-damage repair and used standard single-fraction doses for trigeminal nerve ablation for TN (85 Gy), thalamotomy for tremor (130 Gy), and capsulotomy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (180 Gy). Dose rate and treatment time for functional GKRS involving 4-mm collimators were derived from calibrations in the authors' department and from the cobalt-60 decay rate. Biologically plausible values for the ratio for radiosensitivity to fraction size (α/β) and double-strand break (DSB) DNA repair halftimes (τ) were estimated from published experimental data. The biphasic characteristics of DSB repair in normal tissue were accounted for in deriving an effective τ1 halftime (fast repair) and τ2 halftime (slow repair). A sensitivity analysis was performed with a range of plausible parameter values.RESULTSAfter replacement of the cobalt-60 source, the functional GKRS dose rate rose from 1.48 to 2.99 Gy/min, treatment time fell, and estimated BED increased. Assuming the most biologically plausible parameters, source replacement resulted in an immediate relative BED increase of 11.7% for GKRS-based TN management with 85 Gy, 15.6% for thalamotomy with 130 Gy, and 18.6% for capsulotomy with 180 Gy. Over the course of the 63-month lifespan of the cobalt-60 source, BED decreased annually by 2.2% for TN management, 3.0% for thalamotomy, and 3.5% for capsulotomy.CONCLUSIONSUse of a new cobalt-60 source after replacement of an old source substantially increases the predicted BED for functional GKRS treatments for the same physical dose prescription. Source age, dose rate, and treatment time should be considered in the study of outcomes after high-dose functional GKRS treatments. Animal and clinical studies are needed to determine how this potential change in BED contributes to GKRS toxicity and whether technical adjustments should be made to reduce dose rates or prescription doses with newer cobalt-60 sources.

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Guillaume, Daniel J., und Su-Chun Zhang. „Human embryonic stem cells: a potential source of transplantable neural progenitor cells“. Neurosurgical Focus 24, Nr. 3-4 (März 2008): E3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc/2008/24/3-4/e2.

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✓ The primary therapeutic goal of embryonic stem cell (ESC) research is cell replacement therapy. During the last decade, great strides have been made in developing in vitro protocols for differentiating human ESCs into neuroepithelial progenitors. More recent progress has been made in further directing them into becoming cells with specialized regional and neurotransmitter identities, such as midbrain dopaminergic and spinal motor neurons. Along with directed differentiation, other current efforts are aimed at efficient enrichment, avoidance of immune rejection, demonstration of functional integration, genetic modification to regulate neurotransmitter and factor release, directed axon growth, in vivo cell tracking, and measures to ensure safety. This review will focus on the potential of ESCs as a source of transplantable cells for use in cell replacement therapy.

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Magill, H., S. Welsh, J. Mackey, N. Williamson und N. Maruthainar. „YouTube™ as a source of patient information about knee replacement surgery“. Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 97, Nr. 6 (Juni 2015): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363515x14272809071086.

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Boschetti, Elisa, Roberto D’Alessandro, Francesca Bianco, Valerio Carelli, Giovanna Cenacchi, Antonio D. Pinna, Massimo Del Gaudio et al. „Liver as a Source for Thymidine Phosphorylase Replacement in Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy“. PLoS ONE 9, Nr. 5 (06.05.2014): e96692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096692.

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Eriks, Jakobsons, Erglis Kristaps, Patetko Liene, Erglis Martins, Rasma Dortane, Beatrise Rupaine, Simona Krapse et al. „Tissue evacuated during joint replacement procedure as a source of mononuclear cells“. European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology 28, Nr. 3 (01.11.2017): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00590-017-2067-9.

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Lin, Ben Ping, Yan Lan Liu und Ke Fu Chen. „Mg(OH)₂ as Alkaline Source in Peroxide Bleaching of Wheat Straw Pulp“. Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (Mai 2011): 813–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.813.

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The present work sought to make a contribution to the study on application of Mg(OH)2 in peroxide bleaching of the wheat straw soda-AQ pulp. The results showed that: (1) for an unbleached pulp, when 24-73% of the NaOH was replaced with Mg(OH)2, a higher brightness and viscosity were achieved comparing to the NaOH as the sole alkaline source. The brightness and viscosity of the bleached pulp at 48% of Mg(OH)2 replacement were respectively 6.4%ISO and 107 mL.g-1 higher than those of the NaOH as the sole alkaline source. (2) for a chelated oxygen-delignified pulp, the brightness of bleached pulp at 24% Mg(OH)2 replacement was considerable to that of the NaOH as the sole alkaline source, and at 48% Mg(OH)2replacement 2.8% ISOlowerthan that of the NaOH as the sole alkaline source. While the viscosity increased consistently with the increase of Mg(OH)2, and the COD load of bleaching filtrates at 24-48% Mg(OH)2 replacement was lower 22-31% than that of the NaOH as the sole alkaline source. Therefore, partial substitution of Mg(OH)2 for NaOH had positive effects on peroxide bleaching of wheat straw soda-AQ pulp.

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Sepahvand, Hossein, Jingsheng Liao, Mehdi Ferdowsi und Keith Corzine. „Capacitor Voltage Regulation in Single-DC-Source Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Converters Using Phase-Shift Modulation“. Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on 60, Nr. 9 (Mai 2013): 3619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2012.2206335.

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Cascaded H-bridge multilevel power electronic converters generally require several dc sources. An alternative option is to replace all the separate dc sources feeding the H-bridge cells with capacitors, leaving only one H-bridge cell with a real dc voltage source. This will yield a cost-effective converter. However, the required capacitor voltage balancing is challenging. In this paper, using the phase-shift modulation approach, a new control method for cascaded H-bridge multilevel converters fed with only one independent dc source is presented. The proposed method has a wide voltage regulation range for the replacement capacitors in the H-bridge cells. Experimental and simulation results support the proposed control method.

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Abdul Kari, Zulhisyam, Muhammad Anamul Kabir, Mohammad Khairul Azhar Abdul Razab, Mohammad Bodrul Munir, Po Teen Lim und Lee Seong Wei. „A replacement of plant protein sources as an alternative of fish meal ingredient for African catfish, Clarias gariepinus: A review“. Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 8, Nr. 1 (13.07.2021): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v8i1.164.

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Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. This industry supplies half of thefisheries products consumed annually, and future global demand can only be supplied by increasingaquaculture production, which, in turn, requires more aquafeed. Alternative ingredients must beincreasingly used to supply significant proportions of protein and energy in aquafeeds, creatingboth challenges and opportunities for researchers and industry. Nowadays, there are too manyresearches on fish disease, growth and health but less in a fish feed especially a replacement ofprotein from plant sources in the fish feed. One of the alternative ways to optimise the growth andhealth condition of the fish is provide them a good protein from plant as a replacement in fish mealwith the natural source protein instead of giving a good rearing condition and caring of the fish.The present article was constructed to highlight a replacement of plant protein sources as analternative of fish meal for fish feed in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus that has been done byresearchers. However, the application of replacement from plant protein sources in fish meal is nowgradually gaining importance in commercial aquaculture practices and opened the door for theresearchers to expend of this application, thus more detailed studies on molecular basis should belooked as to get the quality and enough nutrient fish feed for good production of aquacultureindustry.

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Ringer, Albert. „A Persecution was Decreed:Persecution as a Rhetorical Device in the Literature of the Ge’onim and Rishonim Part 1“. European Journal of Jewish Studies 6, Nr. 2 (2012): 183–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-12341234.

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Abstract It is a common misconception that the haftarah started as a replacement for the reading of the Torah. This idea has its modern source in an influential article published in 1927 by Jacob Mann.1 Going back to rabbinical and medieval sources shows that we should read them as topological texts. They give a pseudo-historical basis to well known and loved features of the service, like the haftarah, thereby missing a straightforward Talmudic source. Furthermore, they seem to be in dialog with other medieval texts that speak about martyrdom as a reaction to repression.

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Ringer, Albert. „A Persecution was Decreed: Persecution as a Rhetorical Device in the Literature of the Ge’Onim and Rishonim Part 2“. European Journal of Jewish Studies 7, Nr. 1 (2013): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-12341244.

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Abstract It is a common misconception that the haftarah started as a replacement for the reading of the Torah. This idea has its modern source in an influential article published in 1927 by Jacob Mann. Going back to rabbinical and medieval sources shows that we should read them as topological texts. They give a pseudo-historical basis to well known and loved features of the service, like the haftarah, thereby missing a straightforward Talmudic source. Furthermore, they also seem to be in dialog with other medieval texts that speak about martyrdom as a reaction to repression.

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Rondan, Manuela, Ma D. Hernandez, Ma A. Egea, Benjamin Garcia, Miguel Jover, Francisco M. Rueda und Francisco J. Martinez. „Effects of fishmeal replacement with soybean meal as protein source, and protein replacement with carbohydrates as an alternative energy source on sharpsnout sea bream, Diplodus puntazzo, fatty acid profile“. Aquaculture Research 35, Nr. 13 (November 2004): 1220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01130.x.

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Kirimi, James G., Levi M. Musalia, Adiel Magana und Jonathan M. Munguti. „Performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fed Diets Containing Blood Meal as a Replacement of Fish Meal“. Journal of Agricultural Science 8, Nr. 8 (17.07.2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n8p79.

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<p>A 100 days experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding blood meal (BM) as a replacement of fish meal (FM), as the main source of animal protein, on growth rate and economic performance of Nile tilapia in fertilized pond. Three isonitrogenous diets (35% crude protein) were formulated using either FM as the main source of animal protein (Diet 1); 50% replacement of FM with blood meal (Diet 2); or 100% replacement of FM with BM (Diet 3). Three hundred Nile tilapia fingerlings (12±3 g) were randomly distributed into three groups of four replicates of 25 fingerlings per cage. The groups were randomly assigned the 3 diets which were fed at 2% of their biomass at 10 am and 4 pm every day. Percentage daily weight gain (DWG), relative growth rate (RGR), specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate and feed utilisation efficiency were measured. Fish fed diet 1 were larger (50.69 g) (P < 0.05) than those fed diet 2 (48.47 g) and 3 (40.37 g). Replacement of FM with 50% and 100% BM reduced the incidence cost (45.55, 37.83 and 31.88, respectively). The profit index was highest with 100% (9.42) replacement of FM, compared to 50% (7.95) and 0% (6.69). Although replacing FM with BM was associated with reduced growth, the economic return was better (P < 0.05). Based on the present results, it was economical to use BM as a major protein source instead of FM in formulating fish feed.</p>

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Gellerstedt, Göran, Elisabeth Sjöholm und Ida Brodin. „The Wood-Based Biorefinery: A Source of Carbon Fiber?“ Open Agriculture Journal 4, Nr. 1 (31.12.2010): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331501004010119.

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In this mini-review, various attempts to make carbon fiber from lignins are discussed. The replacement of construction steel in cars and trucks with a much lighter carbon fiber-based composite will ultimately result in more fuelefficient vehicles. To replace the precursors of carbon fiber, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), or other non-renewable materials such as pitch, by cheap (kraft) lignin, a comprehensive understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of lignin and the development of methods for its homogeneous large-scale production must be achieved.

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SEKTAS, MARIAN, MAGDALENA GREGOROWICZ, MAGDALENA KUCHARSKA und EWA JODELKO. „Integrative Vectors for Gene Deletion and Replacement“. Polish Journal of Microbiology 62, Nr. 1 (2013): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2013-010.

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An improved method for gene deletion or replacement in Escherichia coli was developed. It employs a set of integrative vectors and two helper plasmids, as a temporary source of RecA and Flp activities. The integrative vectors combine several useful features including three different selection markers placed between two parallel oriented Flp recombinase target (FRT) sites. Each marker is flanked by two MCSs, for cloning the chosen homologous fragments of DNA to gene targeting. The vectors contain two properly oriented E. coli Chi sites for recombination enhancement. When required, selection markers can be excised from the chromosome resulting in unmarked strains.

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Jun, Lu, Yan Zhang und Ling Fu. „An Integrated Study on Engineering of Replacing Gas-Discharge Source with Solid Electric Light Source Based on the Design Standard of Architectural Lighting“. Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (Mai 2013): 3006–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.3006.

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Through field test of LED and fluorescent lamp, the strengths of the former are contrasted and analyzed on its illumination, energy saving and consumption reducing, and life cycle cost based on the design standard of lighting, which proves that it has the operability to take LED as the light source for replacement in architectural lighting. Centering on the achievement of standard requirement of illumination, some feasible specific methods and problems to be noted are put forward.

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Chandra Paul, Suvash, Peter Mbewe, Sih Kong und Branko Šavija. „Agricultural Solid Waste as Source of Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Developing Countries“. Materials 12, Nr. 7 (03.04.2019): 1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071112.

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Concrete production utilizes cement as its major ingredient. Cement production is an important consumer of natural resources and energy. Furthermore, the cement industry is a significant CO2 producer. To reduce the environmental impact of concrete production, supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash, blast furnace slag, and silica fume are commonly used as (partial) cement replacement materials. However, these materials are industrial by-products and their availability is expected to decrease in the future due to, e.g., closing of coal power plants. In addition, these materials are not available everywhere, for example, in developing countries. In these countries, industrial and agricultural wastes with pozzolanic behavior offer opportunities for use in concrete production. This paper summarizes the engineering properties of concrete produced using widespread agricultural wastes such as palm oil fuel ash, rice husk ash, sugarcane bagasse ash, and bamboo leaf ash. Research on cement replacement containing agricultural wastes has shown that there is great potential for their utilization as partial replacement for cement and aggregates in concrete production. When properly designed, concretes containing these wastes have similar or slightly better mechanical and durability properties compared to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete. Thus, successful use of these wastes in concrete offers novel sustainable materials and contributes to greener construction as it reduces the amount of waste, while also minimizing the use of virgin raw materials for cement production. This paper will help the concrete industry choose relevant waste products and their optimum content for concrete production. Furthermore, this study identifies research gaps which may help researchers in further studying concrete based on agricultural waste materials.

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Alizadeh, Zahra, Asadollah Teymouri Yansari, Yadollah Chashnidel, Mohammad Kazemifard und Samaneh Azarpajouh. „Effect of soybean meal replacement by slow-release urea on ruminal parameter, blood metabolites, and microbial protein synthesis in Zel ram“. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 43 (18.08.2020): e48684. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.48684.

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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soybean meal replacement by slow-release urea on feed intake, ruminal parameters, blood metabolites, dry matter, nutrients digestion, and microbial protein synthesis (MPS) in ram. Rams were used for four 21-day periods. The experimental design was a 4×4 Latin square design. The experiment has consisted of the following four rations: 1) basic diet with soybean meal as a protein source, 2) basic diet with soybean meal plus 0.5 % of DM slow-release urea (SRU), 3) basic diet with soybean meal plus 1 % of DM SRU, and 4) basic diet with soybean meal plus 1.5 % of SRU, respectively. Soybean meal replacement by SRU decreased ruminal ammonia and blood urea. SRU increase in diets significantly increased acetic acid 3 hours after morning feeding, blood glucose, total purine, uric acid excretion, microbial nitrogen, and microbial protein. The results showed that soybean meal replacement by SRU sources had no negative effect on rams performance.

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Nikitin, Ye Ye, und O. V. Dutka. „TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF COMBINED DISTRICT HEATING WITH LOCAL HEAT SOURCE FOR DISTRICT HOT WATER“. Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, Nr. 1 (20.03.2020): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.1.2020.4.

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The scheme of combined district heating systems is used, in which centralized heating is used for heating and local heat source is used for hot water supply. A mathematical model has been developed that allows to perform a comparative analysis of the technical and economic characteristics of two scenarios of modernization of the heat supply system: replacement of boilers, heat networks and pumps while using the traditional hot water supply scheme, and replacement of these elements in combination with the installation of a local hot water supply source that provides the hot water supply. hot water by means of a local heat network whose length is substantially smaller than the existing one. Electric heaters and solar collectors with electric heating are proposed as local heat sources. The advantages of combined district heating schemes on the planning horizon of 10 years are shown. The analysis of the influence of various factors on the advantage of the combined scheme of district heating is performed. The developed model can be used for preparation of feasibility studies of projects of energy efficient modernization of district heating systems. Ref. 4, Fig. 7, Tab. 1.

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Prívarová, Radka, und Júlia Mihoková Jakubčeková. „Selecting a Replacement Source of Water for Emergency Supplies in Case of Emergency“. Procedia Engineering 192 (2017): 737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.127.

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McCorquodale, M. S., G. A. Carichner, J. D. O'Day, S. M. Pernia, S. Kubba, E. D. Marsman, J. J. Kuhn und R. B. Brown. „A 25-MHz Self-Referenced Solid-State Frequency Source Suitable for XO-Replacement“. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 56, Nr. 5 (Mai 2009): 943–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2009.2016133.

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Herget-Rosenthal, S., T. Klein, G. Marggraf, T. Hirsch, H. G. Jakob, T. Philipp und A. Kribben. „Modulation and Source of Procalcitonin in Reduced Renal Function and Renal Replacement Therapy“. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 61, Nr. 2 (Februar 2005): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2005.01545.x.

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Ouchi, K., und T. Mishima. „Preferential group-V replacement at InGaP/GaAs interfaces grown by gas-source MBE“. Journal of Crystal Growth 209, Nr. 2-3 (Februar 2000): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(99)00548-5.

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New, Andrea M., Erin M. Nystrom, Erin Frazee, John J. Dillon, Kianoush B. Kashani und John M. Miles. „Continuous renal replacement therapy: a potential source of calories in the critically ill“. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 105, Nr. 6 (03.05.2017): 1559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.139014.

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Luthada-Raswiswi, Rendani, Samson Mukaratirwa und Gordon O’Brien. „Animal Protein Sources as a Substitute for Fishmeal in Aquaculture Diets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 9 (24.04.2021): 3854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093854.

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Fishmeal is the main source of dietary protein for most commercially farmed fish species. However, fishmeal prices have been raised even further because of competition with domestic animals, shortage in world fishmeal supply, and increased demand. Increased fishmeal prices have contributed to the quest for alternatives necessary to replace fishmeal as a global research priority. A literature search was conducted using these terms on Google Scholar and EBSCOhost; fishmeal replacement in fish feeds, fishmeal alternatives in fish feeds, animal protein sources in aquaculture, insects in fish feeds, terrestrial by-products, and fishery by-products. To calculate the variation between experiments, a random effect model was used. Results indicated that different fish species, sizes, and inclusion levels were used in the various studies and showed that the use of insects, terrestrial by-products, and fishery by-products has some limitations. Despite these drawbacks, the use of animal protein sources as a replacement for fishmeal in fish diets has had a positive impact on the feed conversion ratio, variable growth rate, final weight, and survival rate of different types of fish species of different size groups. Findings also showed that some animal by-products had not been assessed as a protein source in aquaculture or animal feeds, and future studies are recommended.

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Khan, M. I., und A. M. Alhozaimy. „Properties of natural pozzolan and its potential utilization in environmental friendly concrete“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 38, Nr. 1 (Januar 2011): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l10-112.

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In Saudi Arabia, locally available natural pozzolanic material has the potential for use in environmental friendly concrete as a partial cement replacement. Local natural pozzolan was incorporated in concrete as a partial cement replacement to study the effect of replacement level, natural pozzolan fineness and its source. Chemical and physical properties of local natural pozzolan, properties of fresh concrete, compressive strength development, chloride permeability, and porosity of concrete incorporating local natural pozzolanic material as a partial cement replacement is presented. The influence of curing on the properties of concrete containing natural pozzolan and the X-ray diffraction analysis are reported. It was observed that regardless of its different sources, chemical and physical properties of local natural pozzolan are similar and conforms to the requirements of ASTM C 618, Class N. Concrete containing up to 15% natural pozzolan matches with the mix containing 20% fly ash, which is very close to the plain concrete. Higher dosages of this natural pozzolan can be utilized for economical and environmental benefits. This research is the first of its kind that addresses the investigation on Saudi natural pozzolanic material.

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Zhou, Kai, Fang Xie und Yi Tao. „Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Wireless Sensors“. Key Engineering Materials 546 (März 2013): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.546.147.

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For the advantage that working without the need for battery replacement and maintenance, the wireless sensor which harvests energy from ambient sources to power itself attracts numerous researches and becomes a focus in sensors. Piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting has the widespread and stable source, higher efficiency and convenient electromechanical coupling. Therefore it becomes prominent in powering wireless sensors. The piezoelectric energy harvester which is used to power wireless sensors is systematically studied in this thesis.

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de Paula, Gustavo Medeiros, L. A. Lima und Meiry Glaúcia Freire Rodrigues. „SBA-15 Molecular Sieve Using Clay as Silicon Sources“. Materials Science Forum 798-799 (Juni 2014): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.798-799.116.

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New sources of silica as a replacement for TEOS in the synthesis of SBA-15 are been performed by various research teams worldwide. The aim of this work is to describe the synthesis and characterization of SBA-15 made with chocolate B clay as an alternative source of silica by the hydrothermal method. Samples of classic SBA-15 were made with the traditional TEOS method. The samples of the two silica sources were characterized by DRX, EDX, and BET to evaluate the effects of the silica source on the synthesis of the molecular sieve. The chocolate B clay was efficient in the formation of the molecular sieve structure, but there was a great reduction in the surface area and total pore volume in comparison to the surface area of classic SBA-15.

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Saleh, Ahmed A., Abdulrahman S. Alharthi, Rashed A. Alhotan, Mustafa Shukry Atta und Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim. „Soybean Oil Replacement by Poultry Fat in Broiler Diets: Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Plasma Lipid Profile and Muscle Fatty Acids Content“. Animals 11, Nr. 9 (05.09.2021): 2609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092609.

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Continuous genetic improvements of commercial broiler strains has led to the necessity of using fats in their rations to fulfill a large portion of the energetic requirements. Several fat sources have been introduced in poultry nutrition, such as rendering poultry fat (PF) an available and cheap lipid source compared to conventional sources such as soybean oil (SO). The present study investigated the effect of partial or full replacement of SO by PF on performance, nutrient digestibility, blood lipids, and fatty acids (FAs) content of pectoral muscle. Four hundred and eighty one-day-old male Ross-308 chicks were distributed into four experimental groups (12 replicates each): the first group (control) was fed a diet formulated with soybean oil as a fat source while the second to fourth groups (PF25, PF50, and PF100) were fed diets formulated with 25, 50 and 100% of PF as a fat source instead of SO. Results revealed no synergistic effect between SO and PF in any of the studied parameters. Replacing SO by PF did not alter birds’ growth, carcass characteristics, and plasma indices of birds. Abdominal fat% was increased (p < 0.01) in PF50 and PF100. Dry matter digestibility was improved (p < 0.05) in PF50 and PF100, while crude fat and protein digestibility was not affected. Contents of palmitic and docosahexaenoic acids in the pectoral muscle of PF50 and PF100 were reduced (p < 0.01) while concentrations of oleic and linolenic acids, total unsaturated FAs, and polyunsaturated FAs/Saturated FAs ratio were elevated (p < 0.05) in the same groups. Liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and muscle vitamin E contents were not altered. The dietary addition of PF greatly improved economic parameters. In conclusion, PF can be used as a lipid source in broiler diets to produce inexpensive meat while maintaining its growth performance.

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