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Timmermans, Job Franciscus Catharina. „Implementing Responsible Research and Innovation in research projects“. Thesis, De Montfort University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/14280.
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Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) aims to achieve societally desirable outcomes and marketable products of innovative processes. In recent years RRI has become a key factor in national and international Research and Innovation (R&I) policy and funding. As a consequence, actors involved in R&I are required to implement it. However, while on a conceptual and theoretical level RRI has been discussed in depth, on a practical and empirical level it remains largely underdeveloped. To contribute to the bridging of this gap between policy/theory and practice, this research assesses how RRI can be conceptualised and implemented in research projects in a way that allows it to reach its objectives. To attain an in-depth understanding of the implementation of RRI, a qualitative research strategy is deployed using a case study approach. As cases, three research projects are selected from the Netherlands Responsible Innovation (MVI) programme, which is the first programme to fund dedicated RRI projects. Analysis within and across the cases is supported by an analytical model based on a relational conceptualisation of responsibility. The model enables describing and analysing how the overarching aims and requirements of RRI translate into responsibilities taken and ascribed by R&I actors involved in projects. Building on an in-depth review of eight accounts of RRI and deploying the analytical model, this research provides a better understanding of the relationships between RRI and the targeted R&I, RRI and further instances of RRI beyond it, and RRI and its academic context. Furthermore, it identifies a number of key components that affect the outcomes of RRI, namely: the status of researchers implementing RRI as societal stakeholders, the role of interdisciplinary collaboration as a strategic means to defend (societal) interests, and the role of authorities such as funders in incentivising and sanctioning RRI. Lastly, the research reflects novel barriers and enablers that are relevant to implementing RRI. On the one hand, meeting the aims of RRI may be problematic due to academic and societal aims of researchers being in tension with each other, and to the manner, researchers defend their societal interests, which also may negatively influence the implementation of RRI. On the other hand, consideration of the R&I stage in projecting an impact and involving R&I actors, as well as making RRI rewarding to researchers throughout academic careers enables effective implementation of RRI. Based on the insights gained, recommendations are made for policymakers, funding bodies and researchers concerning the current lack of alignment between societal and academic interests when implementing RRI, capacitating and motivating actors to implement RRI, and ensuring alignment of RRI activities over time.
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Martinuzzi, Robert-Andre, Vincent Blok, Alexander Brem, Bernd Stahl und Norma Schönherr. „Responsible Research and Innovation in Industry-Challenges, Insights and Perspectives“. MDPI AG, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6119/1/sustainability%2D10%2D00702.pdf.
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The responsibility of industry towards society and the environment is a much discussed topic, both in academia and in business. Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) has recently emerged as a new concept with the potential to advance this discourse in light of two major challenges industry is facing today. The first relates to the accelerating race to innovate in order to stay competitive in a rapidly changing world. The second concerns the need to maintain public trust in industry through innovations that generate social value in addition to economic returns. This Special Issue provides empirical and conceptual contributions that explore corporate motivations to adopt RRI, the state of implementation of concrete RRI practices, the role of stakeholders in responsible innovation processes, as well as drivers and barriers to the further diffusion of RRI in industry. Overall, these contributions highlight the relevance of RRI for firms of different sizes and sectors. They also provide insights and suggestions for managers, policymakers and researchers wishing to engage with responsibility in innovation. This editorial summarizes the most pertinent conclusions across the individual articles published in this Special Issue and concludes by outlining some fruitful avenues for future research in this space.
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Bengtsson, Lars, Barbara Ribeiro, Paul Benneworth, Susanne Bührer, Elena Castro-Martínez, Meiken Hansen, Katharina Jarmai et al. „Introducing the dilemma of societal alignment for inclusive and responsible research and innovation“. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6472/1/23299460.2018.pdf.
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In this discussion paper, we outline and reflect on some of the key challenges that influence the development and uptake of more inclusive and responsible forms of research and innovation. Taking these challenges together, we invoke Collingridge's famous dilemma of social control of technology to introduce a complementary dilemma that of "societal alignment" in the governance of science, technology and innovation. Considerations of social alignment are scattered and overlooked among some communities in the field of science, technology and innovation policy. By starting to unpack this dilemma, we outline an agenda for further consideration of social alignment in the study of responsible research and innovation.
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Carbajo, Garcia Ruth. „Responsible Research and Innovation applied to Renewable Energy Research. A theoretical contextualization and implementation proposals“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669232.
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La consideració de que els resultats de la innovació i recerques científiques poden entendre's com l'expressió dels valors humans de seguretat, justícia, sostenibilitat i eficiència ha inspirat recentment nous models de polítiques de governança. Un d'aquests models és el marc europeu Responsable Research and Inovation (RRI) que sorgeix amb l'objectiu de situar la perspectiva social en el centre de la recerca i innovació.
De forma similar, els incessants reptes de transformar i governar els sistemes energètics tenint en compte els aspectes socials i tècnics s'han convertit en una prioritat en les agendes globals de recerca. En aquest sentit, els nous avanços i recerques s'enfoquen en el desenvolupament de sistemes energètics basats en renovables que siguin segurs i de confiança, així com en la transició a sistemes descentralitzats basats en la integració de capacitats soci-tècniques, de comportament i institucionals.
D'aquesta manera, aquesta tesi examina la possibilitat de combinar aquestes capacitats tenint en compte l'enfocament teòric de les transicions soci–tècniques, com a proposta per a transformar la recerca en sistemes energètics. Per a això, considera situar el marc europeu RRI en el cor del concepte de transició energètica proposant una metodologia per a la seva contextualització i implementació en aquest camp. Aquest treball proposa la construcció d'un estat de l'art i marc teòric així com la seva implementació, juntament amb l'avaluació d'aquest procés a través de la proposta de casos d'estudi.
El focus inicial d'aquest estudi ha estat relacionat amb l'aplicació de RRI en l'àmbit de la recerca en sistemes energètics, per al cas particular de la governança de la recerca en sistemes d'energia renovable i les seves aplicacions. La selecció d’aquest petit aspecte de la disciplina es va dur a terme amb la intenció d'explorar de forma detallada les implicacions. Malgrat el concret d'aquesta proposta, aquesta recerca avui dia ocupa un lloc preferent en l'actual i vital debat sobre la integració de la ciència i la societat. Així mateix, aprofundeix en les qüestions i reptes de com el procés creatiu de recerca i innovació serà desenvolupat en els pròxims anys; com els resultats d'aquest procés seran utilitzats, compartits i preservats i de forma més important, com aquestes idees poden vertebrar-se en marcs reguladors.La consideración de que los resultados de la innovación pueden entenderse como la expresión de los valores humanos de seguridad, justica, sostenibilidad y eficiencia ha inspirado recientemente nuevos modelos de políticas de gobernanza. Uno de estos modelos es el marco europeo Responsable Research and Inovation (RRI)que surge con el objetivo de situar la perspectiva social en el centro de los procesos de investigación e innovación. De forma similar, los retos de transformar y gobernar los sistemas energéticos teniendo en cuenta los aspectos sociales se han convertido en una prioridad en las agendas globales de investigación. En este sentido, los nuevos avances se enfocan en el desarrollo de sistemas energéticos basados en energías renovables seguros y confiables, así como en la transición hacia sistemas descentralizados basados en la integración de capacidades socio-técnicas, de comportamiento e institucionales. Esta tesis examina la posibilidad de combinar estas capacidades teniendo en cuenta el enfoque teórico de las transiciones socio –técnicas, como propuesta para transformar la investigación en sistemas energéticos. Para ello, considera situar el marco europeo RRI en el corazón del concepto de transición energética proponiendo una metodología para su contextualización e implementación en este campo. En este sentido, este trabajo propone la construcción de un estado del arte y marco teórico, así como su implementación, junto con la evaluación de este proceso a través de la propuesta de casos de estudio. El foco inicial de este estudio ha estado relacionado con la aplicación de RRI en el ámbito de la investigación en sistemas energéticos, para el caso particular de la gobernanza de la investigación en sistemas de energía renovable y sus aplicaciones. La selección de este pequeño aspecto de la disciplina se llevó a cabo con la intención de explorar de forma detallada las implicaciones. A pesar de lo concreto de esta propuesta, esta investigación a día de hoy ocupa un lugar preferente en el actual y vital debate acerca de la integración de la ciencia y la sociedad. Asimismo, ahonda en las cuestiones y retos de cómo el proceso creativo de la innovación va a ser desarrollado en los próximos años; en cómo los resultados de este proceso van a ser utilizados, compartidos y preservados y de forma más importante, en cómo estas ideas pueden vertebrase en marcos reguladores.
The envision that outcomes of scientific research and innovation can be understood as an expression of human values, such as safety, justice, sustainability, and efficiency, recently inspired several new policy models of governance. One of them, the European Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) policy approach aims to put social perspective at the core of research and innovation. Similarly, the increasing challenge of transforming and governing energy systems taking into account social aspects became a priority in most global research agendas. New important work on research about the energy system is focusing on the development of reliable renewable energy systems, and on the transition to decentralized paths based in the integration of socio-technical, behavioural, and institutional capabilities Thereby, this thesis examines the possibility of the combination of these capabilities under the socio-technical transitions theoretical approach, as a proposal for transforming energy systems research. For this purpose, considers to putting European RRI approach at the heart of energy transitions and proposes a methodology for its contextualization and implementation on the energy research domain. In this vein, proposes the construction of a state-of-the art and theoretical framework for the RRI contextualization along with an implementation methodology, which is also assessed via case studies proposals. The initial focus of this study was on the application of RRI to the field of energy systems research, in particular to renewable energy systems and application research governance. A small area of research was chosen to be able to fully explore the implications of RRI application in the energy system governance. Despite the small size of the setting, this research is now placed at the forefront of a current and vital debate on the integration of science and society. Moreover, delves in the open questions and challenges of how the creative process of research and innovation will develop in the coming years, how will the outcomes of this process be used, shared and preserved and, most importantly, how such insights can be vertebrate into regulatory frameworks.
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Baumann, Martina F., Claudia Brändle, Christopher Coenen und Silke Zimmer-Merkle. „Taking responsibility: A responsible research and innovation (RRI) perspective on insurance issues of semi-autonomous driving“. Elsevier, 2018. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72226.
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Semi-autonomous driving is an emerging – though not unprecedented – technology which cannot necessarily be seen as safe and reliably accident-free. Insurance companies thus play an important role as influential stakeholders in the negotiation and implementation processes around this new technology. They can either push the technology (e.g. by offering beneficial, promotional insurance models for semi-autonomous car owners) or constrain it (e.g. by providing restrictive insurance models or no insurance cover at all). Insurers face questions concerning ethical or societal consequences on various levels: not only when it comes to promoting the technology – whose impact is not yet certain and may range from saving to endangering lives – but also with respect to insurance models such as “pay as you drive”, which may involve discriminatory elements. The concept of responsible research and innovation (RRI) is well suited to accompanying and guiding insurers, policy makers and other stakeholders in this field through a responsible negotiation process that may prove beneficial for everyone. Part of the RRI approach is to make stakeholders aware of “soft” factors such as the ethical, societal or historical factors which influence innovation and of the need to include these aspects in their activities responsibly.
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Auer, Alexander, und Katharina Jarmai. „Implementing Responsible Research and Innovation Practices in SMEs: Insights into Drivers and Barriers from the Austrian Medical Device Sector“. MDPI AG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10010017.
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This paper addresses the question of how Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) can
be implemented in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). It builds on existing knowledge
about RRI in business as well as on insights into motivations, drivers and barriers from the related
fields of eco-innovation and sustainability innovation. Expert interviews with CEOs of SMEs in the
Austrian medical device sector are analyzed to develop insights into the companies' research and
innovation activities and potential drivers and barriers for RRI. The findings support the assumption
that SMEs are largely unaware of the RRI concept. At the same time, however, it is possible to identify
current practices that already operationalize aspects of RRI. It is argued that SMEs could build upon
existing practices to further develop ways of being responsible and that implementation of RRI
should be in line with specific organizational and contextual factors.
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Bukht, Rumana. „Responsibility, regulation and the construction of markets of nanotechnologies in food and food packaging : the cases of Canada and India“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/responsibility-regulation-and-the-construction-of-markets-of-nanotechnologies-in-food-and-food-packaging-the-cases-of-canada-and-india(3624dd5f-e9fe-45f8-9225-73de26411bb5).html.
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Scientific research, technological development, and commercialisation are processes through which new technologies continually emerge and enter markets. Nanotechnology is an example of an emergent technology (or rather a suite of technologies) which promises to open up a universe of possibilities for the development of new products and processes. Advocates of the technology argue that nanotechnology has the potential to spur economic development while at the same time offering partial solutions to many of the grand challenges of our times such as alleviating hunger, providing new energy sources, reducing climate change, curing diseases, etc. However, alongside these optimistic views, there are also fears and apprehensions concerning the safe and ethical development of nanotechnologies, including the need to address potential negative impacts on the natural environment and human health and safety. The food and food packaging area has shown itself to be a particularly sensitive sector in this respect where the potential for nanoparticles to enter the human body has enhanced the sensitivity of the industry to public concern. The past has shown that any changes or modifications made to food have resulted in public backlash (e.g. GM foods). Due to this some parts of the food and packaging industry remain cautious about making transparent their use of nanotechnologies in their products and processes. However, simultaneously pressure is mounting from regulatory agencies, and from some activists, to pursue the safe and 'responsible' development of nanotechnologies (whatever that may be) as an ethical obligation. The use of nanotechnologies in food and food packaging has become increasingly complex because of its introduction at various points in the food chain, giving rise to debates as to "who is responsible". As a contribution to the debate on what constitutes the 'responsible' governance of new/emergent technologies, this thesis investigates the governance of nanotechnologies and the idea of 'responsibility' and 'responsible innovation' through the lens of perspectives of different actors within the nanotech food chain. A qualitative research methodology was used where semi-structured interviews were conducted with a heterogeneous group of actors with a particular focus on the food and food packaging sectors. Research in comparative national settings (Canada and India) was conducted on the grounds that regulation of nanotechnologies differs significantly across OECD and non-OECD countries, and where the global debate on nanotechnologies is organised and dominated by OECD countries. Findings from this thesis showed that the set of critical elements, such as health and safety, that are put forward by such OECD countries like Canada for the 'responsible' development of nanotechnologies are not the same as that found in India and are seen to differ. In India, meeting the grand challenges of society such as food security, clean drinking water and alleviating poverty take precedent over other elements, where science, technology (such as nanotechnologies) and innovation are harnessed by entrepreneurs, and small and large firms to solve these national problems. However, while I began the study with the intention of comparing two national territories with different regulatory settings, the study also found a case of collaborative Canada-India transnational research network where 'responsibility' is influenced through certain funding criteria set by the more dominant partner, Canada. This suggests the return of public intervention by dominant OECD countries in pro-actively shaping R&D processes that are influencing the 'responsible' development of nano-products in such emerging markets, where there is a potential for future trade associations.
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Ligardo, Herrera Iván Elías. „Addressing Climate Change in Research and Innovation Projects. A Tool for Anticipatory Carbon Footprint Calculation“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/165867.
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[ES] El calentamiento global, y el cambio climático (CC) que produce, es una de las amenazas más globales y urgentes de las que es responsable la humanidad. El desafío de mitigar y adaptarse a la CC, entre otros, es una responsabilidad que ha alcanzado a todas las disciplinas, incluyendo el proceso de investigación e innovación. Durante más de 10 años, y como una forma de abordar estos grandes desafíos de nuestro tiempo, con la intención de fomentar la investigación responsable, la Comisión Europea ha estado promoviendo una temática transversal llamada: "Investigación e innovación responsable (RRI, en sus siglas en inglés)". El objetivo es sacar a la luz los problemas relacionados con la investigación y la innovación, anticipar sus consecuencias y hacer participar a la sociedad en el debate sobre la forma en que la ciencia y la tecnología pueden contribuir a crear el tipo de mundo y de sociedad que deseamos para las generaciones futuras.
Esta tesis surge como un puente entre el gran desafío que representa el CC y la demanda por parte de la sociedad de investigación e innovación responsable, abordada en el contexto de la RRI. Los financiadores e impulsores de la investigación y la sociedad en su conjunto esperan que los equipos de investigación e innovación proporcionen resultados socialmente deseables, éticamente aceptables y sostenibles. Por lo tanto, la pregunta general que se responde en esta tesis es: ¿cómo sabe un equipo de investigación, sin ser especialista en evaluación ambiental, si su investigación es responsable de emisiones contribuyentes al cambio climático, y cómo puede incluir medidas para reducir o compensar esas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI)?
Para responder a esta pregunta, la presente tesis doctoral inicia con la descripción de los principales fundamentos que son centrales en ella: CC y RRI. En lo que respecta al primer concepto, explicamos la importancia y los medios para calcular la contribución al CC, principalmente el enfoque de la Huella de Carbono. En lo que respecta al segundo concepto, se explica la alineación de esta tesis el área clave de la sostenibilidad ambiental de la RRI, sus marcos sustantivos y sus dimensiones de anticipación y reflexividad. Una vez establecidos estos dos fundamentos, el cambio climático se aborda en el contexto de la RRI, revisando la literatura sobre los proyectos y propuestas de la RRI, incluyendo la sostenibilidad ambiental, y el CC en particular. Como resultado, surgieron dos avenidas de investigación, que se desarrollan en las siguientes secciones. Una avenida sobre cómo evaluar la influencia de las partes interesadas en un proyecto de investigación en el contexto de la RRI, desarrollada en el capítulo 3, y una avenida sobre la necesidad de nuevas herramientas basadas en bases de datos de acceso abierto para ayudar a los profesionales a integrar la prevención del CC en sus actividades de I + D.
El capítulo 4, presenta el diseño de una novedosa herramienta con un algoritmo didáctico para la medición anticipada de la huella de carbono en los proyectos de investigación e innovación. Esta herramienta permite a los investigadores que no tienen formación en evaluación del impacto ambiental estimar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de sus proyectos de investigación e innovación en las primeras etapas, momento en el que la anticipación y la reflexividad son las dimensiones fundamentales de la RRI.[CA] L'escalfament global, i el canvi climàtic (CC) que produeix, és una de les amenaces més globals i urgents de les que és responsable la humanitat. El desafiament de mitigar i adaptar-se a la CC, entre d'altres, és una responsabilitat que ha arribat a totes les disciplines, incloent el procés de recerca i innovació. Durant més de 10 anys, i com una forma d'abordar aquests grans desafiaments del nostre temps, amb la intenció de fomentar la investigació responsable, la Comissió Europea ha estat promovent una temàtica transversal anomenada: "Recerca i innovació responsable (RRI, en seves sigles en anglès)". L'objectiu és treure a la llum els problemes relacionats amb la investigació i la innovació, anticipar les seves conseqüències i fer participar la societat en el debat sobre la forma en què la ciència i la tecnologia poden contribuir a crear el tipus de món i de societat que desitgem per a les generacions futures. Aquesta tesi sorgeix com un pont entre el gran desafiament que representa el CC i la demanda per part de la societat d'investigació i innovació responsable, abordada en el context de la RRI. Els finançadors i impulsors de la investigació i la societat en el seu conjunt esperen que els equips de recerca i innovació proporcionin resultats socialment desitjables, èticament acceptables i sostenibles. Per tant, la pregunta general que respon a aquesta tesi és: com sap un equip d'investigació, sense ser especialista en avaluació ambiental, si la seva investigació és responsable d'emissions contribuents a el canvi climàtic, i com pot incloure mesures per reduir o compensar aquestes emissions de gasos d'efecte hivernacle (GEH)? Per respondre a aquesta pregunta, la present tesi doctoral s'inicia amb la descripció dels principals fonaments que són centrals en ella CC i RRI. Pel que fa a el primer concepte, expliquem la importància i els mitjans per calcular la contribució a l'CC, principalment l'enfocament de la Petjada de Carboni. Pel que fa a el segon concepte, s'explica l'alineació d'aquesta tesi l'àrea clau de la sostenibilitat ambiental de la RRI, els seus marcs substantius i les seves dimensions d'anticipació i reflexivitat. Un cop establerts aquests dos fonaments, el canvi climàtic s'aborda en el context de la RRI, revisant la literatura sobre els projectes i propostes de la RRI, incloent la sostenibilitat ambiental, i el CC en particular. Com a resultat, van sorgir dues avingudes de recerca, que es desenvolupen en les següents seccions. Una avinguda sobre com avaluar la influència de les parts interessades en un projecte d'investigació en el context de la RRI, desenvolupada en el capítol 3, i una avinguda sobre la necessitat de noves eines basades en bases de dades d'accés obert per ajudar els professionals a integrar la prevenció de CC en les seves activitats d'R + d. El capítol 4, presenta el disseny d'una nova eina amb un algoritme didàctic per al mesurament anticipada de la petjada de carboni en els projectes de recerca i innovació. Aquesta eina permet als investigadors que no tenen formació en avaluació de l'impacte ambiental estimar les emissions de gasos d'efecte hivernacle dels seus projectes de recerca i innovació en les primeres etapes, moment en el qual l'anticipació i la reflexivitat són les dimensions fonamentals de la RRI.
[EN] Global Warming, and the climate change (CC) it produces, is one of the most global and urgent threats humankinds is responsible for. The challenge of mitigating and adapting to CC, among others, is a responsibility that has reached all disciplines, including the research and innovation (R&I) process. For more than 10 years, and as a way to tackle these great challenges of our time, with the intention of fostering responsible research, the European Commission has been promoting a cross-cutting issue named: "Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI)". The aim is to bring the problems (such as research integrity, non-inclusion of stakeholders, application of ethical or sustainability principles, etc.,.) related to R&I to light, to anticipate the possible consequences of R&I process and outcomes, and to engage society in the discussion of how science and technology can help create the kind of world and society we want for generations to come. This thesis emerges as a bridge between the great challenge represented by CC and the demand for responsibility from R&I process and outcomes, addressed in the context of RRI. Research funders and society as a whole claim that R&I teams must provide socially desirable, ethically acceptable, and sustainable outcomes. Hence, the general question to be answered in this thesis is: how does a research team, while not being specialists, know if its research is responsible for relevant contributions to CC, and how can they include measures to reduce or compensate such contributions (Greenhouse Gas emissions, GHG)? To respond to this question, the present dissertation begins with the main foundations that are central to it: CC and RRI. As regards the former concept, we explain the importance and means to calculate the contribution of GHG to CC, mainly the carbon footprint approach. In addition, regarding the latter, how this thesis aligns with the key RRIs' area of environmental sustainability, its substantive frameworks and its anticipation and reflexivity dimensions. Once these two foundations are established, CC is addressed in the context of RRI, reviewing the literature on RRI projects and proposals, which include environmental sustainability, and CC in particular. As a result, two avenues of research arise, which are developed in the following sections. An avenue about how to assess the stakeholders' influence in a research project within the context of RRI, which is developed in chapter 3, and an avenue about the need for new tools based on open-access databases to help practitioners to integrate CC prevention in their R&I activities. Chapter 4 presents the design of a novel tool with a didactic algorithm for anticipatory carbon footprint measuring in R&I projects. This tool allows researchers who are untrained in environmental impact assessment to estimate the greenhouse gas emissions of their R&I projects at early stages, when anticipation and reflexivity are the core RRI dimensions.
Ligardo Herrera, IE. (2021). Addressing Climate Change in Research and Innovation Projects. A Tool for Anticipatory Carbon Footprint Calculation [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/165867
TESIS
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Terradellas, M. Rosa. „Innovació i recerca responsables i processos de cocreació a l'educació superior“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671926.
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This thesis is structured in two applied researches. One, focused on how to embed the transversal competence of sustainability to undergraduate studies at the UdG. The other promotes an innovation in teacher education, by applying the methodology of Challenge-Based Learning (CBL). Both share that they use co-creation processes, involving internal and external agents of the university community. With these studies, we seek to demonstrate that innovations and researches become responsibles, to higher education, when we incorporate co-creation processes involving stakeholders from the university community and social agents.
It focuses on the socio-critical paradigm, action research and participant observation. It establishes the phases of the co-creation processes, the types of participants, the data collection system and the analysis of the results in relation to the objectives. Its methodological rigor is assessed in relation to RRI and qualitative research. Conclusions and proposals for the future are establishedAquesta tesi s’estructura en dues recerques aplicades. Una, centrada en com incorporar la competència transversal de la sostenibilitat als estudis de grau de la UdG. L’altra promou una innovació en la formació de mestres aplicant la metodologia de l’aprenentatge basat en reptes (ABR). Ambdues comparteixen que apliquen processos de cocreació, implicant agents interns i externs a la comunitat universitària. Amb elles volem demostrar que les innovacions i recerques esdevenen responsables, a l’educació superior, quan hi incorporem processos de cocreació en els quals intervenen grups d’interès de la comunitat universitària i agents socials. Es centra en el paradigma sociocrític, la recerca acció i l’observació participant. Estableix les fases dels processos de cocreació, les tipologies de participants, el sistema d’obtenció de dades i l’anàlisi dels resultats en relació als objectius. Es valora el seu rigor metodològic en relació a la RRI i a les recerques qualitatives. S’estableixen conclusions i propostes de futur
Programa de Doctorat en Educació
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Jarmai, Katharina, und Heike Christiane Vogel-Pöschl. „Meaningful collaboration for responsible innovation“. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/7026/1/23299460.2019.pdf.
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Many innovative businesses have discovered an added value in collaborating with experts, users or other stakeholders in developing innovative products or services. Not all collaboration with stakeholders, however, corresponds to the criteria for opening up an innovation process to the needs of societal actors under the terms of responsible innovation. The question of what makes collaboration meaningful in the sense of responsible innovation was presented and discussed in a 75 min workshop at the European Science Open Forum (ESOF) in Toulouse, France in June 2018. Identified success factors and challenges for making a collaboration process meaningful for the collaborating parties highlight the importance of competent process preparation and facilitation, investment of time and effort to enable mutual understanding and the development of trustful relationships as well as the collaborating partners' willingness to implement changes that result from the collaboration process.
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El, Idrissi Sarah Cherki. „Responsible innovation for information systems : understanding the facilitators of responsible innovation and encouraging its application among future IS practitioners“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69371.
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À l'intersection de la technologie, des organisations, de la société et des politiques, les systèmes d'information (SI) jouent un rôle important dans les grands dilemmes de la société, dont le développement durable. Ces dernières années, le développement durable a reçu une attention considérable de la part des chercheurs en SI, plus particulièrement dans le champ de recherche sur les SI verts. Cette thèse contribue à cette littérature en fournissant une compréhension globale du concept émergent de l'innovation responsable (IR), et comment appliquer l'IR dans les innovations SI. L'argument de la thèse est qu'en adoptant les principes de l'IR, les organisations et les praticiens SI peuvent devenir des agents de changement pour le développement durable. Cette thèse présente trois études interdépendantes qui démontrent comment ce changement peut être réalisé. La première étude développe une taxonomie des facilitateurs de l'IR comme point de départ pour son application en recherche et en pratique. La taxonomie a conduit à l'identification de six dimensions facilitant les projets d'IR. La deuxième étude comprend une étude qualitative dans les organisations, examinant l'application de l'IR dans leurs processus d'innovation. Cette étude a conduit à l'élaboration de propositions théoriques sur l'application de l'IR en innovations SI. La troisième étude, utilisant une méthodologie de recherche-action, développe un atelier de formation visant à enseigner l'IR aux praticiens des SI. Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que l'atelier est efficace pour impliquer les gens dans une démarche de réflexivité sur les projets d'innovations SI et les encourager à appliquer les principes de l'IR dans leurs futures carrières. Comblant le fossé entre la pratique et la théorie, cette thèse est une source précieuse de connaissances pour les chercheurs et les praticiens SI pour intégrer l'IR dans les innovations SI, nous rapprochant plus des prérequis du développement durable.Located at the intersection of technology, organizations, society and policy, information systems (IS) play an important role in addressing major societal dilemmas, such as sustainable development. In recent years, environmental sustainability, more particularly, Green IS, has received considerable attention by IS scholars. This thesis contributes to this literature by providing a comprehensive understanding of the emergent concept of Responsible Innovation (RI), and how to apply RI in IS innovations. The contention is that by adopting RI principles, IS organizations and practitioners can become change agents of innovation for sustainability. This thesis presents three interrelated studies which demonstrate how this change can be enabled. The first study develops a taxonomy of RI facilitators as a starting point to applying this framework in IS research and practice. The taxonomy led to the identification of six dimensions that facilitate RI projects. The second study involves a qualitative field study of organizations, investigating the application of RI in their innovation processes. This study led to the creation of theoretical propositions on the application of the RI framework for IS innovations. The third study, using an action design research methodology, develops a training workshop aimed at teaching RI to IS practitioners. The results of this study suggest the workshop is effective in engaging people in reflexivity about IS innovations projects and encouraging them to apply RI principles in their future careers. Bridging the gap between practice and theory, this thesis is a valuable source of knowledge for IS researchers and practitioners to integrate RI in IS innovations, leading us closer to the prerequisites needed for sustainability in organisations.
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Zahinos, Ruiz Abel. „Responsible innovation at the firm-level : tracing in car industry“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385859.
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Innovation is an essential activity for the competitiveness of firms. It has also contributed positively to increasing the living standards of millions of people. However, it is widely recognized that innovation co-produces unintended impacts on socio- economic and ecological systems. Existing mechanisms of control and authorization, i.e. regulations, are inefficient in preventing the diffusion of innovations which give rise to ethical, social, economic and/or environmental concerns. The ineffiency of regulations and the increasing capability of science and technology to create long-lasting and far-reaching impacts have stressed the need of introducing responsibility issues through innovation processes. The aim is to foster the generation of ethically acceptable, socially desirable and sustainable innovation. But, how can firms generate innovation in a more responsible manner?
The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the development of the Responsible Innovation (RI) approach. In particular, its aim is to propose and validate a framework for helping firms to innovate more responsibly. For achieving this aim, the thesis is organized around a two-stage research procedure. First, an extensive literature research on models and approaches of innovation is conducted to generate a theoretical framework explaining how to innovate more responsibly. The literature review reveals the shortcomings of the Linear and Interactive models, Innovation Systems models, Open Innovation model and the Sustainable Innovation approach, for helping firms to innovate responsibly. Therefore, the emerging approach of RI is explored. The literature review shows that three frameworks for RI have been proposed so far. The analysis of these
frameworks leads to the adoption of one as the most suitable for addressing the research objective of this dissertation. The theoretical framework suggests that the generation of RI is contingent on ensuring care of certain values for sustainability through the innovation process. For ensuring care of values, the framework proposes five dimensions: Anticipation, Participation, Deliberation, Reflexivity and Responsiveness. As an evolving theory, the adopted framework shows two
shortcomings that requires further research: 1) the framework does not suggest methods for deploying the dimensions at firm-level; and 2) it provides little empirical evidence supporting its validity. To overcome the first shortcoming, the five
dimensions are further developed and a set of methods are proposed based on a literature review.The second stage of this thesis focuses on the empirical research part. This part aims to overcome the second shortcoming of the framework for RI, i.e. the little empirical evidence supporting its validity. Thereby, a multi-case study research strategy is adopted as the most suitable to test the validity of the framework. The research design involves the elaboration of a seven propositions. Then, three cases from the car industry are selected and analysed as potential instances of RI. The first case refers to an innovation process aimed to commercialize electric vehicles. The second case is an innovation process aimed at commecializing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems for enhancing the safety and competitiveness of certain vehicles. The last case is an innovation process that created a new safety system aimed at reducing the potential consequences of car accidents. The cross-analysis of the cases provides evidence which confirmes the seven propositions and therefore the validity of the framework for explaining how to generate RI. Conclusions and practical implications for firms attempting to innovate responsibly are drawn based on the case results.
The main contribution of this research is a set of validated mechanisms which can be used at the firm level for fostering the generation of innovation outcomes which contribute to sustainability.La innovación es una actividad esencial para la competitividad de las empresas. Asimismo, la innovación ha contribuido al incremento de los niveles de vida de millones de personas. Por otra parte, es ampliamente reconocido que la innovación co-produce efectos no deseados sobre los sistemas socioeconómicos y/o ecológicos. Los actuales mecanismos de control y autorización, e.g. las regulaciones, han demostrado ser ineficaces en la prevención de la difusión de innovaciones que dan lugar a importantes problemas sociales, económicos y/o ambientales. Esto, junto con la creciente capacidad de la la tecnología para generar nuevos riesgos, han contribuido al debate sobre la necesidad de introducir más responsabilidad en los procesos de innovación para fomentar la generación de innovaciones éticamente aceptable, socialmente deseable y sostenible. Pero, ¿cómo pueden las empresas generar innovación de una manera más responsable? La finalidad de esta tesis es contribuir al desarrollo del enfoque de Innovación responsable (IR). Su objetivo es proponer y validar un marco de trabajo para ayudar a las empresas a innovar de manera más responsable. Para lograr este objetivo, la tesis está estructurada en dos partes. En la primera, se lleva a cabo una extensa revisión bibliográfica sobre los modelos y enfoques de innovación con el objetivo de desarrollar un marco teórico que explique cómo innovar responsablemente. La revisión revela las deficiencias de los modelos lineales e interactivos, los de sistemas de innovación, el de innovación abierta y el enfoque de innovación sostenible, para ayudar a las empresas a innovar responsablemente. Esto lleva a explorar un nuevo enfoque: la IR. La revisión de la literatura muestra que se han propuesto tres marcos para IR hasta la fecha. El análisis de éstos lleva a la adopción de uno como el más adecuado para abordar el objetivo de esta investigación. El marco teórico sugiere que la IR depende de garantizar la atención de ciertos valores para sostenibilidad a través del proceso de innovación. Para lograr esto, el marco propone cinco dimensiones: Anticipación, Participación, Deliberación, Reflexividad y Capacidad de respuesta. Debido a que la teoría está aún en desarrollo, el marco adoptado muestra defciencias que requieren más investigación: 1) el marco no sugiere métodos para el despliegue de las dimensiones a nivel de empresa; y 2) proporciona pocas evidencias empíricas que apoyen su validez. Para superar la primera deficiencia, las cinco dimensiones se han desarrollaron y un conjunto de métodos se ha propuesto para su despliegue. La segunda etapa de esta investigación se centra en la parte de investigación empírica. Su objetivo es comprobar la validez del marco de trabajo. Para ello, se adopta una estrategia de investigación basada en multiples casos de estudio. El diseño de la investigación conduce a la elaboración de siete proposiciones. Posteriormente, tres casos procedentes del sector de automoción son evaluados. El análisis de los casos proporciona pruebas que confirman las siete proposiciones y, por lo tanto, validan el marco adoptado para explicar cómo innovar responsablemente. A partir de los resultados del caso, se describen las conclusiones y las implicaciones para las empresas que tratan de innovar responsablemente. La principal contribución de esta tesis es un conjunto de mecanismos validados que se pueden utilizar a nivel de empresa para fomentar la generación de innovaciones que contribuyan a la sostenibilidad.
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Mahapatra, Indrani. „Modelling environmental risks and conceptualising 'responsible innovation' for nanotechnology enabled medical applications“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7102/.
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Medical products based on nanomaterials can revolutionise disease diagnosis and management modalities via faster, non-invasive diagnostic techniques and targeted therapeutic delivery and will be used extensively in coming years. The central goal of this thesis was to understand environmental risks that could potentially arise from mass production and wider use of nanotechnology enabled medical products and to gather insights from experts’ perceptions on “Responsible Innovation”. The research presented here uses a mixed methods approach to answer the research questions. By applying probabilistic mass flow modelling concept, prospective environmental concentrations of nanomedicine was estimated and a preliminary environmental risk assessment was done using gold nanoparticles in medical applications (potential of commercialisation and marketed) as a case study. This demonstrated that environmental risks from gold nanoparticles for the two major compartments (sludge applied soil and water) is likely to be minimal in the near future. The second component of the research involved 38 interviews with academics and 28 interviews with representatives from regulatory bodies, industry and funding bodies to understand their perceptions on environmental hazards and risks from nanomedicine and their views on the meaning of the concept of “Responsible Innovation”. This revealed that risks from nanomedicine can be compared with risks from existing chemicals and that “Responsible Innovation” is a phrase which can be discussed based on an individual’s experience and discipline.
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Andrey, Krysanov, und Mariia Shakotko. „Managing growth in a socially responsible way: a case study of Russian companies“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35523.
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The problem of achieving and sustaining growth is vital for companies in any country market, but it is even more crucial for companies in an emerging market, such as Russia. Meanwhile, some companies in the Russian market succeed not only in growing but also in implementing several socially oriented activities and projects in their strategies. Thus, we identify what are the possible obstacles to growth in the industrial and internal firm environment like, and analyze how companies overcome them. Besides that, we aim to study the forms of corporate social responsibility activity, that Russian companies are engaged in, and how consistent this activity is with the companies' strategies and goals. We have conducted a qualitative case study of five Russian companies, which represent different segments of IT industry. The semi-structured interviews with the managers from the company have been the main sources of the empirical data, however some additional secondary data has also been used. Further on, the gathered empirical data served the materiel for the analysis of the dynamic capabilities the companies possess to overcome the growth challenges they encounter, what strategic innovation processes they implement in their strategies and if there are some socially oriented activities, including particular projects, that the companies are engaged in. If a company practices a certain socially oriented activity then the consistency of this activity with the company's strategy and goals has been analyzed. As social activities are seen as a prerequisite for sustainable business we also analyze if the companies bring natural value to the society and the environment. The results show that the companies with rather high growth figures may lack certain dynamic capabilities, which are or will be needed to overcome a particular growth challenge. Four of the five companies prove to act proactively, thus they have the prerequisite for strategic innovations. These companies also implemented different types of strategic innovation, although not the radical one.For those companies, that are engaged in socially oriented activities, these activities are seen as consistent with the companies' strategies.Meanwhile, only one company implements environmental-friendly solutions, thus it comes closest to running sustainable business. The general provided recommendations for the companies are to develop lacking dynamic capabilities to overcome growth challenges, to act proactively in order to be ready to implement strategic innovations and develop and keep their social activities consistent with their strategies.
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Arthur, Keren Naa Abeka. „Governance of financial innovation“. Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18906.
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The power of financial innovations to impact societies at global scales compels us to ask how innovation occurs, how it is governed and how to support the responsible initiation and emergence of such innovation in society. This thesis focuses on investigating and comparing current approaches to, and limitations of, the governance of financial innovation and perceptions of responsible financial innovation in three very different institutional settings: a large, global asset management company; a SME developing disruptive, technology - related platforms and services based on big data and associated analytics supporting customer relationship management in the banking and retail sectors; and a global insurance broker. To date there has been almost no published empirical research into the processes and governance of financial innovation in such corporate settings. The initial hypothesis that financial innovation is not governed (internally, externally) was not supported by the empirical data: rather these suggest the existence of formal and informal mechanisms for innovation governance. As suggested in the literature, financial innovation was observed to be largely incremental in nature and involve multiple stakeholders, co-ordinated internally by an ‘innovation owner’ (e.g. an individual, a group of individuals or a department). The research suggests that while there is broad statutory (regulation) and non-statutory governance of the financial sector, there is limited direct regulation of financial innovation per se. Despite this, contextual regulation (e.g. EU) and industry standards set an important governance frame within which innovation was observed to occur, complemented by a range of organizational innovation governance approaches, which ranged from completely informal, ad hoc (‘de facto’) processes to formal staging innovation management tools. It was not possible to generalize across sectors, emphasizing the need for more empirical work in other organizations in order to understand innovation management and governance across the financial sector as a whole. Responsible financial innovation is an emerging concept associated with a very small body of academic literature. The case study data show responsible financial innovation to be perceived as an ‘interpretively flexible umbrella’ term, underpinned by a value system that leads to quantifiable positive outputs (e.g. creating customer satisfaction). The research suggests that several ‘competencies’ (e.g. compliance, learning, communication, monitoring, and ownership) were perceived as relevant to responsible financial innovation by respondents. Themes emerging from the study mirrored to some extent the seven framings suggested by Armstrong et al. (2012) and Muniesa and Lenglet (2012) and the four dimensions of responsible innovation proposed by Owen et al. (2013); these however were very narrowly framed, especially with regard to second-order reflexivity (e.g. on the normative purposes and functions of finance in society). While dimensions of anticipation, reflection, deliberation and responsiveness (Owen et al., 2013) were evident to varying degrees in the cases these were narrowly configured (e.g. around ethics of data monetization, or on anticipation of operational risks), with deliberation often being internally focused, or including only a limited range of external stakeholders. These observations cause me to argue that current mechanisms for governing financial innovation are not sufficiently robust to support their responsible emergence in society. I conclude that any framework for responsible financial innovation should endeavor to broaden the scope for stakeholder engagement and make use of multi-level governance mechanisms (including committees in the innovation and governance process), while continuing to acknowledge the importance of contextual legislation in the framing of innovation trajectories. I recommend the initiation of a cross sector and independent institution for systematic financial innovations assessment, the establishment of formal cross-sector fora and communication channels to facilitate engagement with external stakeholders, and the codification of responsible financial innovation competencies into contextual legislation.
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Loew, Nicole Mary. „Perspectives of responsible sexual behavior“. Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5554.
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The concept of responsible sexual behavior (RSB) gained popularity when it was introduced in Healthy People 2010 as a leading health indicator. The Healthy People initiatives organize the top health priorities and create guidelines for improving the health of Americans. Promoting RSB was intended to address problems such as unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), however the guidelines never conceptually define behavior that would be considered sexually responsible. Thus, the purpose of this dissertation research was to examine how responsible sexual behavior (RSB) was defined in the context of public health literature, collegiate women, and rural women with the intention to contribute to a clearer conceptual understanding of RSB.
First, an evolutionary concept analysis was conducted to define the attributes of RSB and develop a conceptual definition of responsible sexual behavior (RSB) as it applies to women 18 years and older who have sex with men from a synthesis of lay and public health literature. According to the literature, RSB is a desirable and deliberative pattern of behaviors that promote sexual health, manage risk, and foster respect of sexual partners within the context of community influences. This study also concludes that a purposeful redefinition maybe necessary to maintain a concept that is useful for guiding and evaluating sexual behavior.
Second, a secondary data analysis was completed to identify college women definition of “sexual responsibility.” Data came from interviews collected as part of a mixed methods study of college women and unintended pregnancy. A total of 35 interviews were analyzed using within and across case methodology to derive a working definition of RSB for collegiate women. Women in this sample described being sexually responsible as self-advocating through actions that were consistent with personal goals and values while being aware of consequences that could threaten those goals or values. Actions included mindful partner selection, communicating boundaries, and preventing pregnancy. Women’s academic goals were closely linked to women’s sexual health decision making.
Third, an exploratory descriptive study was completed to identify how rural women who have sex with men define RSB and to understand the role of the rural context on definitions and enactment of RSB. A total of ten rural Iowa women aged 18-29 participated in phone interviews. Within and across case analysis was used to describe the contextual influences of how rural dwelling women defined and enacted responsible sexual behavior. For rural women in this sample, RSB is understanding the consequences of sex and taking action to manage risks by preventing pregnancy and STIs, mindfully selecting of partners, and seeking appropriate resources. The social context of the rural environment acted as both a facilitator and barrier for women to acquire information enact RSB.
In conclusion, RSB was an accessible concept for college and rural women to define and understand. However, the collective research indicated that a new definition of RSB was necessary to maintain its purpose in improving sexual and reproductive health. Thus, being sexually responsible is having an awareness of consequences and managing risks in a way that is reflective of a woman’s personal experiences, beliefs, values, and goals. How BSR is defined is fluid and subject to redefinition based on personal experiences and movement through the lifespan. Future research should focus on understanding how other populations of women define and manage BSR and that public health interventions and policy support women’s ability to be sexually responsible.
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Garlid, Anders Olav. „Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Which ROS is Responsible for Cardioprotective Signaling?“ PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1641.
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Mitochondria are the major effectors of cardioprotection by procedures that open the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP), including ischemic and pharmacological preconditioning. MitoKATP opening leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), which then activate a mitoKATP-associated PKCε, which phosphorylates mitoKATP and leaves it in a persistent open state (Costa, ADT and Garlid, KD. Am J Physiol 295, H874-82, 2008). Superoxide (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•) have each been proposed as the signaling ROS but the identity of the ROS responsible for this feedback effect is not known. Superoxide was excluded in earlier work on the basis that it does not activate PKCε and does not induce mitoKATP opening.To further examine the identity of the signaling ROS, respiring rat heart mitochondria were preincubated with ATP and diazoxide to induce the phosphorylation-dependent open state, together with agents that may interrupt feedback activation of mitoKATP by ROS scavenging or by blocking ROS transformations. Swelling assays of the preincubated mitochondria revealed that dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), deferoxamine, trolox, and bromoenol lactone (BEL) each blocked the ROS-dependent open state but catalase did not interfere with this step. The lack of a catalase effect and the inhibitory effects of agents acting downstream of HO• excludes H2O2 as the endogenous signaling ROS and focuses attention on HO•. In support of the hypothesis that HO• is required, we also found that HO•-scavenging by DMF blocked cardioprotection by both ischemic preconditioning and diazoxide in the Langendorff perfused rat heart. HO• itself cannot act as a signaling molecule, because its lifetime is too short and it reacts immediately with nearest neighbor phospholipids and proteins. Therefore, these findings point to a product of phospholipid peroxidation, such as hydroperoxy-fatty acids. Indeed, this hypothesis was supported by the finding that hydroperoxylinoleic acid (LAOOH) opens the ATP-inhibited mitoKATP in isolated mitochondria. This effect was blocked by the specific PKCε inhibitor peptide εV1-2, showing that LAOOH activates the mitoKATP-associated PKCε. During ischemia, catabolism of mitochondrial phospholipids is accelerated, causing accumulation of plasmalogens and free fatty acids (FA) in the heart by the action of calcium independent phospholipases A2 (iPLA2). We first assessed the role of FAs and hydroxy FAs on mitoKATP opening and cardioprotection. Swelling assays of isolated rat heart mitochondria showed that naturally formed free FAs inhibit mitoKATP opening and that they are more potent inhibitors of the pharmacological open state of mitoKATP than the phosphorylation-dependent open state. That is, sustained mitoKATP opening induced by the phosphorylation-dependent feedback loop is more resistant to FA inhibition than direct mitoKATP opening by a potassium channel opener. Moreover, rat hearts perfused with micromolar concentrations of FA were resistant to cardioprotection by diazoxide or ischemic preconditioning. Racemic bromoenol lactone (BEL), a selective inhibitor of iPLA2, confers protection to otherwise untreated Langendorff perfused hearts by preventing ischemic FA release. To bring this story full circle, BEL blocks protection afforded by preconditioning and postconditioning by preventing the iPLA2-mediated release of FAOOH generated in the conditioned heart. HO• resulting from mitoKATP opening oxidizes polyunsaturated fatty acid components of the membrane phospholipids, resulting in a peroxidized side chain. FAOOH must be released in order to act on the mitochondrial PKCε, and this is achieved by the action of iPLA2. iPLA2 is essential for most modes of cardioprotection because it catalyzes the release of FAOOH. This fully supports the hypothesis that the second messenger of cardioprotective ROS-mediated signaling is hydroperoxy fatty acid (FAOOH), a downstream oxidation product of HO•.
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Lee, Ada Lai Yung. „A social dilemma perspective on socially responsible consumption“. HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/587.
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Recent research on corporate social responsibility has focused on the corporate level, whereas limited research has been conducted at the individual level most commonly referred to as socially responsible consumption. Recycling is a kind of socially responsible consumer behaviour because it benefits the society as a whole in the long term but involves a personal cost and does not benefit the individual consumer directly. Previous studies on recycling have used theories such as the theory of interpersonal behaviour, means-end chain theory, theory of planned behaviour or norm activation model. However, these theories have only explained part of recycling behaviour and are inadequate because they have not explained it from a social dilemma perspective. A social dilemma is a situation in which there is conflict between an individual's self-interest and the collective interest of the group. Will consumers pursue their own interests or will they act for the good of the entire society? This study takes an innovative approach to explain recycling behaviour through the lens of social dilemma theory. It uses a mixed methods approach that combines both qualitative and quantitative elements in the research design. A phenomenological approach is used to gain a deeper understanding of the recycling experiences of individuals, and survey data is used for quantitative analyses. In the qualitative study, 142 significant statements and eight themes were identified from 20 in-depth interviews. In the quantitative study, data were collected from 332 respondents. Based on the data analysis, the central relationships in the model are supported. There is a positive relationship between the expectation that others will participate in recycling and the likelihood of personal participation in recycling, and there is also a positive relationship between the likelihood of personal participation and recycling behaviour. Of the four moderators considered, only social value orientation is significant. In the latter part of this thesis, the theoretical and methodological contributions and practical implications of the study are discussed.
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Novy, Andreas, und Barbara Bernstein. „Transdisciplinarity and Social Innovation Research“. Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2009. http://epub.wu.ac.at/452/1/document.pdf.
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This working paper dwells on the relationship between a dialogue-oriented mode of knowledge production in line with transdisciplinarity and the flourishing of a culture of socioeconomic democratisation. These scientific and cultural-political undertakings have in common an effort of bridge-building between fragmented entities, be it scientific disciplines and their mono-logical explanations or single-issue policies which foster micro-efficiency to the detriment of social cohesion and socio-economic effectiveness. The paper starts by presenting emblematically some typical problematics of social innovations which need experience-based knowledge of practitioners as well the structure-aware knowledge of scientific research. In the second section transdisciplinary research is proposed as a research programme focussing on socially relevant problems and a structured dialogue with practitioners. Transdisciplinarity is based on a two-fold-dialogue: First, it is an interdisciplinary dialogue between different disciplines which overcome their respective research programmes and paradigms and contribute their knowledge to joint-problem solving. Second, it is a dialogue of two forms of knowledge: experience-based and analyticalstructural knowledge. In the final section, the potential of this type of research is shown to address the problematics of social innovation as a research programme as well as a socially-transformative practice.Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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Hoepner, Andreas G. F. „Essays on responsible investment, research output analyses and investment performance evaluation“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2130.
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This thesis includes four essays, of which each comprises two original contributions. Based on this thesis’ eight contributions, we add knowledge or understanding to the literatures on responsible investment, research output analyses and investment performance evaluation. First, we develop the first generic, reliable approach to benchmark research area output (e.g. journal articles or books), which we expect to appeal to governments’ increasing interest in monitoring their research funding investments. Second, we apply this approach to the research area of responsible investment, which is currently backed by an about $ 7 trillion industry. We find that the (quality weighted) quantity of responsible investment’s research output is statistically significantly under-proportional compared with peer research areas. One of several explanations for this result lies in the intransparency of the current responsible investment literature. Third, we develop an approach to research synthesis, which improves a research area’s transparency without experiencing many weaknesses of conventional literature reviews. We title this approach Influential Literature Analysis (ILA). Fourth, we apply ILA to the relatively intransparent responsible investment literature. One of our many findings is that responsible assets with their ceteris paribus under-proportional total risk might appear artificially unattractive when assessed by the most common investment performance measure, the Sharpe ratio, which is biased in favour of high risk assets due to its currently unsolved negative excess return problem. Fifth, we develop a generic, reliable and robust solution to the negative Sharpe ratio problem, which investors can customise according to their specific increasing incremental disutility of risk functions. Six, we generalise our solution to the negative Sharpe ratio problem, which allows us to solve the negative (excess) return problems of over twenty other investment performance measures. Seventh, we develop independent, statistically sophisticated tests of the sufficiency and quality of suggested solutions to the negative Sharpe ratio problem, since all existing tests a-priori assume the superiority of a specific solution. In contrast, our tests are only based on the Sharpe ratio itself and two basic axioms of investment theory. Hence, they are conceptually unrelated to our solutions. Eighth, we apply these tests using two different data samples to all existing solutions to the negative Sharpe ratio problem. We find that investors are best advised to use our solutions, the H⁶-, H⁷- or H⁸-measure, in their evaluation of investment performance from a Sharpe ratio like perspective.
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Vaidyanathan, Vandana T. „Looking beyond the adoption decision in innovation research: investigating innovation implementation“. The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1101163398.
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Bolz, Karsten [Verfasser]. „Responsible Innovation & Entrepreneurship – The Role of Stakeholders & Uncertainty in Disruptive Technology Development / Karsten Bolz“. Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212512367/34.
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Cairns, Georgina. „Is the Emperor naked? : rethinking approaches to responsible food marketing policy and research“. Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/23933.
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The thesis aims to present a case for a rethinking of the paradigmatic frames underpinning food marketing control policy and research. In support of its contention, it reports on the methodological strategies, evidence outcomes and knowledge translation contributions of a series of research projects. The projects were commissioned by national and international policy makers during the period 2009-2015 in support of responsible food marketing policy development. They were conceptualised, developed and interpreted through participatory and iterative research planning processes. The research drew on theories and constructs from multiple disciplines. Public health, marketing and policy science contributed most, but information economics and management theories also informed research design and analysis and interpretation of findings. Its key generalizable findings can be summarised as follows: • The identification of a fragmented but convergent pool of evidence indicating contemporary food and beverage marketing is an interactive, dynamic phenomenon. • The identification of a fragmented but convergent pool of evidence demonstrating it significantly impacts sociocultural determinants of food behaviours. • The generation of evidence demonstrating a gap between the strategic aims of responsible marketing policy regimes and the inherent capacity of implemented interventions to constrain marketing’s food environment impacts. • The generation of evidence demonstrating that critical re-appraisal of food marketing policy research assumptions and preconceptions is a strategy supportive of policy innovation. • The generation of evidence that research intended to support real world multi-stakeholder policy development processes requires additional skills to those established and recognised as central to high quality research. These include the ability to engage with dynamic and politicised policy processes and their public communications challenges. • The generation of evidence that can inform future independent benchmark standard for responsible marketing development initiatives. • The generation of evidence that can inform future research on designing and developing policy that is ‘future proof’ and targets marketing’s sociocultural food environment impacts. Its most significant knowledge translation contributions have been: • Support for the WHO Set of Recommendations on the Marketing of Foods and Non-alcoholic Beverages to Children (subsequently endorsed at the 2010 World Health Assembly and the 2011 United Nations General Assembly). • Participatory research contributions to the Scottish Government’s responsible marketing standard development initiative (PAS2500). • Supporting the planning and development of the Scottish Government’s Supporting Healthy Choices Policy initiative. • Knowledge exchange with policy makers and stakeholders engaged in a scoping and prioritisation initiative commissioned by the United Kingdom’s Department of Health (An analysis of the regulatory and voluntary landscape concerning the marketing and promotion of food and drink to children). • Supporting responsible marketing policy agendas targeted to the engagement of a broad mix of stakeholders in innovative policy development processes. • Supporting policy makers’ efforts to increase popular support for stronger, more effective responsible marketing policy controls. The thesis therefore aims to present evidence that the programme of research presented here has made useful and original contributions to evidence and knowledge on contemporary food marketing and its impacts on food behaviours and the food environment. It aims to build on this by demonstrating how this evidence informed and supported policy development. Through this the thesis aims to support its case that a rethinking of food marketing policy research assumptions and conceptions can expand and enrich the evidence base as well as real world policy innovation.
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Domínguez, Escrig Emilio. „Antecedents of radical innovation: an empirical research“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665259.
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The main objective of this research is to disentangle the factors that promote or are positively related to radical innovation and its success. To this end, four studies have been proposed, which suggest various facilitators of radical innovation: altruistic and stewardship leader behavior, organic organisational structure, end-user computing satisfaction, organisational learning capability (OLC), and generative learning. Through structural equation models, the effect of these factors on radical innovation was empirically analysed, using a sample of Spanish companies characterised by their excellent management of human resources. The results obtained in each empirical study confirm all the hypotheses proposed.El objetivo principal de esta investigación ha sido conocer los factores que promueven o se relacionan positivamente con la innovación radical y su éxito. Para ello se han planteado cuatro estudios que proponen diversos facilitadores de la innovación radical: el comportamiento altruista y el comportamiento responsable de los líderes, la estructura organizativa orgánica, los sistemas de información, la capacidad de aprendizaje organizativo y el aprendizaje generativo. A través de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, se ha analizado empíricamente el efecto de estos factores en la innovación radical, utilizando una muestra de empresas españolas caracterizada por la excelente gestión que realizan de los recursos humanos. Los resultados obtenidos en cada una de las investigaciones empíricas confirman todas las hipótesis planteadas.
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Siebert, Ralph. „Innovation, research joint ventures, and multiproduct competition“. Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961729457.
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Stone, J. E., und Andrea D. Clements. „Research and Innovation: Let the Buyer Beware“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1998. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7216.
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Book Summary: Places school superintendents within the ongoing dialogue about the future of public education, from which they have been largely absent. Includes practical and theoretical assessments of how superintendents and administrators can move into the future.
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Mooij, Stephanie. „The (mis)alignment of ESG perspectives in the investment chain“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2fce07f2-0f77-4c0c-9dc1-f0a4aa8bfd35.
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As evidenced by the rapid increase of United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI) signatories, the integration of environmental, social and governance indicators (ESG) in investment decisions has become a popular topic. However, despite its popularity, there is no consensus among practitioners on what this actually means and how it should be tackled. The obvious lack of standardization is reflected by divergent ESG rating procedures, incomparable company sustainability reports and the widely differing strategies by asset managers and asset owners. This is a substantial hurdle as it can cause misalignment of perspectives within the investment chain, which keeps ESG from being pushed up the agenda. There appear to be substantial struggles on the road to ESG integration and several questions arise; are the perspectives on ESG integration aligned between companies, asset managers and asset owners? Where do possible obstacles on the road to responsible investment reside, what are they and how can they be overcome? My main findings are four-fold. First, I find ESG reporting fatigue among companies due to the sheer number of ESG ratings and rankings. Companies should not let this overwhelm them and be clear that they only respond to a handful. Investors should only use it as a starting point and ensure that it does not become a substitute for a real conversation with their portfolio companies about ESG. This interest is necessary for top management to sign off on sustainability initiatives. Second, I find that asset owners are not as convinced of the business case of ESG as asset managers and companies are. This is often reflected in the way they select, monitor and review their asset managers. Third, the lack of in-depth ESG due diligence by asset owners likely lets asset managers get away with decoupling statements from actions. More specifically, it appears that ESG and finance are often still separated. Lastly, companies are more reactive than proactive when it comes to ESG efforts. The main driver for them to embark on their ESG journey is the consumer. We can therefore play a significant role in creating a more sustainable world, either as the beneficiary or the consumer.
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Cascio, Robert P. „Marketing innovation and firm performance research model, research hypotheses, and managerial implications“. Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4865.
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Further, these quantitative findings lend statistically and practically significant support for (1) the antecedent roles of marketing insight and marketing imagination, (2) the negative (as predicted) moderating role of product innovation radicalness, and (3) several specific inter-workings among the marketing-innovation spaces that that offer substantial research contributions to the marketing strategy literature for researchers and managers.; This research conceptualizes and develops a scale for the marketing innovation construct for the purpose of furthering research in marketing strategy. This marketing innovation construct and its associated strategic activities are clearly distinguished from product and process innovation, better enabling researchers and practitioners to identify new and updated paths from innovation to firm performance. Marketing innovation is defined as the degree of novelty in the implementation of three core business processes: (1) product development management, (2) supply chain management, and (3) customer relationship management, as identified in the Srivastava, Shervani & Fahey (1999) framework. Results from qualitative interviews indicate marketing innovation is developed and fostered by marketing insight and marketing imagination, and these relationships appear to be moderated by the market orientation of the firm. As conceptualized, marketing innovation is suggested to enhance firm performance via (1) the marketing-product space, (2) the marketing-process space, and (3) the marketing-relationship space. This enhancement process, however, is conjectured to be moderated by the degree of radical product innovation the firm is currently undergoing as well as the degree of process innovation the firm practices. A complete discussion of marketing innovation's antecedents, manifestations, and consequences is presented. A comprehensive research model, method, and results from an empirical study of qualified business executives, testing key relationships in the marketing innovation framework, are discussed. Empirical study results confirm marketing innovation's powerful ability to predict firm performance, even in the presence of a multiple of control variables.ID: 030422788; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 164-169).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Marketing
Business Administration
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Lim, Kwanghui 1969. „Basic research, applied research and innovation in the semiconductor and pharmaceutical industries“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16756.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-177).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
by Kwanghui Lim.
Ph.D.
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Zhang, Wei. „Three essays on innovation and research and development“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36376.
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This thesis contains three research papers related to innovation. Chapter 1 examines the effect of research and development (R&D) on bankruptcy. I propose that R&D investment creates uncertainty, leading to a higher volatility of firm value and greater information asymmetry between insiders (especially senior executives) and outsiders (such as investors). Both higher firm-value volatility and higher information asymmetry can increase the risk of bankruptcy for firms. Using a large panel of United States (US) companies from 1979-2009, I find that consistent with my prediction, firms engaging in high levels of R&D are more likely to go bankrupt. Further, I explore the mechanism by which R&D influences corporate bankruptcy. Empirical evidence supports both of the firm-value volatility and asymmetric information channels. Chapter 2 studies the influence of the business cycle on the interactions between R&D and bankruptcy. I find that the effect of R&D on bankruptcy increased during economic downturns. With stringent financial constraints during downturns, R&D intensive firms are more likely to be affected than during economic expansions. I further find that firms are reluctant to decrease their R&D spending during recessionary periods and that firms taking a more aggressive posture in increasing R&D during downturns enjoy stronger sustained operating performance. Overall, results show that R&D is more risky in recessions than in booms. Chapter 3 examines mergers and acquisition (M&A) transactions between firms with patent citation links and shows such transactions generate better merger performance than acquisitions of firms without citation links. Specifically, I find that acquirers’ announcement returns are positively related to citation links between the acquirer and target firms. I suggest that citation links might mitigate two possible concerns that investors could have: (1) the acquirer might overbid for the target firm due to the “winner’s curse” problem, or (2) there would be failure at the post-merger integration process. My results are consistent with the hypothesis that citations links are related to high quality transactions, but I do not find evidence supporting the hypothesis that citations help acquirers avoid overpaying for target firms.
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Rynkun, Renata. „Collaboration between university research and industry : innovation process“. Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-840.
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This dissertation study focuses on reasons and means of industry and university
collaboration which lead to innovation. Collaboration in this study is viewed as one:
communication, exchange of knowledge and learning form the innovation process. This
research has followed a qualitative approach for methodology and the data was collected
through two interviews. The results of this study show how university research
collaborates with industry from the university research point of view. The findings also
reveal that university research can not produce innovation without practical knowledge
which is provided by company during collaboration. In the same way the company can
not produce scientifically based innovation without the interactive learning.
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Omta, Simon Willem Frederik. „Management control in biomedical research and pharmaceutical innovation“. [S.l. : [Groningen] : s.n.] ; [University Library Groningen] [Host], 1995. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/142025410.
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Visser, J. D. „Assessing the innovation capability of a research institution“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6839.
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Thesis (MScEng (Industrial Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The evolution of the university’s role in national innovation systems has lately received increasing attention in international academic circles, with emphasis on its role in stimulating and sustaining national and regional economic growth. Universities in leading economies have adopted economic development as a third mission, along with the traditional objectives of teaching and research, directly leading to the inception of a technology transfer facilitator as an institutional unit. Translating this mission shift into the context of the Innovation Life Cycle, it seems that universities are involved in a larger part of the innovation process, rather than simply supplying inputs for the innovation funnel of industry. The subsequent need to gain maximum value from research has led innovation management practitioners to consider ways in which the innovation capability of universities can be improved. Several approaches have been documented to improve the performance of a university’s technology transfer office as an isolated entity. Most of these studies, however, have neglected to consider the technology transfer office in the context of the organisation-wide innovation process. The aim of this research is therefore to evaluate the innovation capability of a research institution to enable the improvement of their research commercialisation system. As a foundation the state of research commercialisation, innovation, and the relationship between the two are investigated. This process resulted in the validation that research commercialisation can be modelled by utilising an innovation model. The Innovation Capability Maturity Model version 2 (ICMMv2) of Essmann (1) is subsequently investigated with the aim of applying the model. This in turn leads to the application of the Innovation Capability Improvement Methodology accompanying the ICMMv2 in case study format on Stellenbosch University. The results obtained from the case study are presented in terms of the strengths and weaknesses of the innovation capability of the University. The results were found to be an accurate description of the current issues in the commercialisation system at Stellenbosch University. The latter was validated by individuals tasked with the execution of the research commercialisation process at the University. This, in turn, validates the use of the Innovation Capability Maturity Model for the identification of any aspects that need improvement in order to streamline a university’s research commercialisation efforts.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die evolusie van die universiteit se rol in nasionale innovasie stelsels kry toenemend aandag in internasionale akademiese kringe. Dit beklemtoon universiteite se rol in die stimulering en handhawing van nasionale en plaaslike ekonomiese groei. Universiteite in voorste ekonomieë het ekonomiese ontwikkeling aangeneem as 'n derde missie, saam met die tradisionele missies van onderrig en navorsing. Dit het direk gelei tot die inlywing van ‘n tegnologie-oordrag fasiliteerder as 'n institusionele eenheid. Die verskuiwing van missie in die konteks van die Innovasie lewensiklus, dui daarop dat universiteite betrokke raak in 'n groter deel van die innovasie proses, eerder as om net die verskaffer van insette vir die innovasie tregter van die industrie te wees. Die daaropvolgende vereiste om maksimum waarde te verkry uit navorsing, het veroorsaak dat innovasie bestuur praktisyns verskeie maniere ondersoek waarop die innovasie vermoë van universiteite verbeter kan word. Verskeie benaderings om die prestasie van 'n universiteit se tegnologie-oordrag eenheid as 'n geïsoleerde entiteit te verbeter, is gedokumenteer. Die meeste van hierdie studies het egter nagelaat om die tegnologie-oordrag eenheid te oorweeg in die konteks van die organisasie-wye innovasie proses. Die doel van hierdie navorsing is dus om die innovasie vermoë van 'n navorsingsinrigting te evalueer om die verbetering van hul navorsing kommersialisering stelsel moontlik te maak. As 'n basis word die stand van navorsing kommersialisering, innovasie en die verhouding tussen die twee ondersoek. Hierdie proses het gelei tot die validasie dat navorsing kommersialisering gemodelleer kan word deur middel van 'n innovasie model. Daarna is die Innovation Capability Maturity Model weergawe 2 (ICMMv2) van Essmann(1) ondersoek om ten einde die model toe te pas. Dit word gevolg deur die uitvoering van die Innovation Capability Improvement metodologie, as deel van die ICMMv2, op die Universiteit van Stellenbosch, in ‘n gevallestudie-formaat. Die resultate wat verkry is uit die gevallestudie word in terme van sterk en swak punte met betrekking tot die innovasie vermoë van die Universiteit bespreek. Die resultate is bevind om 'n akkurate beskrywing van die huidige kwessies in die kommersialiseringstelsel by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch te wees. Dit is dan ook bevestig deur sekere individue gemoeid met die uitvoering van die navorsing kommersialiseringproses by die Universiteit. Dit op sy beurt, bekragtig die gebruik van die ICMMv2 vir die identifisering van die aspekte wat verbeter moet word om 'n universiteit se navorsing kommersialiseringpoging vaartbelyn te maak.
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JOSHI, YAGHA RAJ. „IMPACT OF BROADBAND ON RESEARCH, INNOVATION AND EMPLOYMENT“. OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1903.
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I begin chapter I with an examination of the effect of broadband on quantitative and qualitative aspects of research. This paper investigates whether access to the Internet is positively correlated with journal articles. I employ data sets from the world bank for 190 countries from 2000 to 2018 and run two types of regressions: Poisson and Negative Binomial. Our results indicate that broadband facilitates to write more journal articles and get more citations. My second chapter concerns access to broadband, fixed telephone, and mobile cellular is expected to have a positive impact on innovations. This paper investigates whether or not access to the Internet and telephone is positively correlated with innovation. We employ data sets from the world bank for 190 countries from 2000 to 2018 and run two types of regressions: OLS and fixed effect. Within each method, we examine how the income-level of the countries affects the answer. Our results indicate that broadband, telephone, and mobile cellular facilitates innovation. We explore two possible explanations for this: i) there are increasing marginal benefits of broadband deployment, ii) broadband creates a positive externality that indirectly enhances innovation. The conclusion is robust to various income level countries. In the third chapter, I examine how a connection to the internet and telephone affect labor market outcomes. We employ datasets from the world bank for 190 countries from 2000 to 2018 and employ three types of regressions: OLS, fixed effect estimator, and non-linear model. Within each method, we examine how the income status, gender, education level affects the answer.
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Shaler, Lisa Marie. „Accelerating Innovation: Assessing Nanotechnologies, Prototypes and Research Teams“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89251.
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The Army-sponsored Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (ISN) was an entrepreneurial research institute established at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 2002. Using Science and Technology Studies (STS) concepts from Actor-Network Theory, I study the founding era of this twenty-first century laboratory-based community, from 2002-2007. Actor-Network concepts of enrollment and translation, described by Bruno Latour, and heterogeneous engineering, described by John Law, are used as I 'follow the actors' founding this emergent institution. The operationalization of translation is traced through four case studies, structured around Defense funding constructs and Science and Technology communities: 6.0 Founding the Institute; 6.1 Building Basic Research Networks; 6.2 Shaping Applied Research for Cancer Research and Science Education to include non-users; and 6.3 Student Prototyping Teams Accelerating ISN Research for Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI). Scientists, engineers, and transitioners partnered in new ways to transition innovative technologies to improve human protection, with soldiers as the first of many users. Using public information, I used qualitative and quantitative methodologies to assess the actor networks and research portfolio changes. These historical case studies extend STS with operationalization of translation and a new dynamic of bi-directional actor enrollment, as research teams transitioned nanotechnologies and prototypes.Doctor of Philosophy
The Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (ISN) was an Army-sponsored entrepreneurial research institute established at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 2002. This historical study examines the founding era, rarely described for start-up organizations. Science and Technology Studies (STS) concepts of Actor-Network Theory enrollment and translation are traced through four case studies: Founding the Institute; Building Basic Research Networks; Shaping Applied Research for Cancer Research and Science Education to include non-users; and Student Prototyping Teams Accelerating Research for Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI). The scientists, engineers, and transitioners partnered in new ways to transition technologies to improve human protection, with soldiers as the first of many users. Using public information, I provide qualitative and quantitative methodologies to assess the social networks of actors, as well as the composition and changes in the research portfolio. These case studies show what the ISN members did and how the small teams innovated, operationalizing translation through enrollment, and transitioning nanotechnologies and other prototypes.
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Venkataraman, Hemalatha. „Narrative Probes in Design Research for Social Innovation“. The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524135294341671.
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Gonzales, Gemio Carla Tattiana. „The role of responsible innovation in increasing firm performance in small and medium-sized enterprises and increasing their sustainability“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671230.
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It is difficult to imagine life without changes influenced by technology and innovation, which are characteristic of the era in which we live, with changes that, albeit always present throughout the history of mankind, are today presented as challenges for companies, organisations and governments, which pursue sustainable development, that is, prudent use of resources for the benefit of humans and the ecosystem around us, in a way that makes available such resources today and into the future.
Unfortunately, the outcome of business innovation practices that are at the centre of these processes have resulted in the exclusion of four billion segment of the population comprising low-income groups in developing countries, also in degradation of natural resources, climate change, social inequality and excessive consumption of resources, because perhaps what was once good and innovative is now no longer so. In this context, debates have emerged and caught the attention of researchers and practitioners about how companies could innovate in a way that promotes sustainable development, which comes from "innovation", but also it to be "responsible".
Responsible innovation (RI) deepens the relationship between science and society, which seeks for innovation under a democratic governance framework to be better integrated into society to ensure its contribution and benefits are effective. But how does responsible innovation in industry happen? In other words, in terms of one of the most widely used definitions in the academic context, “responsible innovation means taking care of the future through collective stewardship of science and innovation in the present”. Although this last definition acknowledged responsible innovation as a practice closely related to sustainability, the way in which its integration happen into industry is still in its infancy, and even more so when it comes from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This discussion remains one of the major research gaps analysed in this thesis.
Moreover, in order to survive in a global and highly competitive environment, SMEs seek to achieve sustainable development through technological innovations. 3D printing (3DP) holds substantial promise for sustainability and the creation of a circular economy. Although 3D printing does not have a real sense of poverty alleviation in developing countries, has the potential to be a transformative alternative to the local production and consumption system. Manufacturing requires an understanding of local cultural issues that affect the management and organizational practices on which the competitiveness of enterprises is based. In that sense, once the decision is made to use a technology, it must be adopted and implemented. However, 3D printing, in that sense, is currently in the early stages of adoption especially from the perspective of small and medium enterprises. Therefore, in order to strengthen this area of research, this dissertation presents a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing the adoption of 3D printing by different types of SMEs. This analysis is therefore another of the main topics analysed in this thesis.
Regarding the main topics of this thesis, unawareness of the potential value of responsible innovation for SMEs with the common objective of reaching sustainability, that generates economic benefits, but also generate social value connected to the global challenges of society. Even more so in a developing country, such as Bolivia, means once again being left out of an important socio-economic development, in a society that is marginal to what is going to happen. Bolivia has been undergoing a major boom period in recent years due to the price of oil and its derivatives, which has led to one of the best GDP per capita indices in Latin America, but despite these indicators, it is one of the poorest countries in the region with one of the highest indices of inequality, which could increase levels of poverty and extreme poverty, which in 2019 were 37.2% and 12.9% respectively (INE, 2019). These are part of the greatest challenges that Bolivia still faces. Thus, the third analysis for understanding the spread of responsible innovation is through corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. This understanding is crucial for SMEs because, CSR seems to have a relevant capability of promoting responsible innovation, in particular resulting from collaboration with other stakeholders.
Based on the existing literature, this dissertation proposes three different analyses. The first empirical study explores the key factors that determine the adoption of 3DP technology by SMEs in Arizona in the United States. Their results suggest that factors such as relative advantage, integration, readiness, managerial obstacles, and in turn, external collaboration foster the adoption of 3DP. The second study deals with a systematic literature review to develop a conceptual model for responsible innovation and its relationship with business performance through corporate social responsibility and sustainable innovation practices. The last one empirical study focuses on explore whether CSR practices towards stakeholders promotes RI and financial performance, findings suggest that the relationship between CSR and financial performance mediated by responsible innovation was positive but weak.
Finally, the results of this dissertation join the emerging debate on responsible innovation and its application in SMEs. The focus is on SMEs because they represent 98% of the companies in the world. Their achievements have the potential to generate a major impact on the country's economy and society. Furthermore, this dissertation could also help researchers and practitioners to new insights to address responsible innovation for society, with society and for sustainable development.
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Kuhlau, Frida. „Responsible Conduct in Dual Use Research : Towards an Ethic of Deliberation in the Life Sciences“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Centrum för forsknings- och bioetik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-193050.
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Life scientists have increasingly been asked to incorporate a dual use responsibility in their research conduct. In this thesis, different aspects of what constitutes a reasonable responsibility in terms of avoiding harmful misuse of research for biological weapon purposes have been explored. The first study investigated the claim that scientists have a dual use responsibility, and also outlined some of its possible content. Criteria for what may constitute preventable harm were used to analyze some proposed obligations in the field, and it was concluded that reasonable obligations include: e.g. considering the potential negative implications of one’s research and reporting activities of concern. In the second study, the conditions for a Precautionary Principle (PP) were explored and applied to the dual use research context. The study found that the main conditions of the PP frequently appear in present discussions and formulations of life scientists’ responsibility. It was also concluded that the PP is applicable to the dual use field and that it is meaningful and useful as a normatively guiding principle. The third study suggested an ethics of dissemination, based on the assumption that scientists have a responsibility to occasionally constrain the dispersion of their research findings. Three core aspects were proposed for an ethics of dual use dissemination. Additionally, to help scientists understand when constraints may be justified, three corresponding conditions for their application were suggested. In the fourth study, the concept of ethical competence was introduced and explored within a dual use context. It was concluded that competence-building is important in the nurturing of individual responsibility and, subsequently, in achieving a culture of dual use responsibility in the life sciences. Finally, the discussion on ethical competence was included in a proposed ethic of deliberation, in which various stakeholders in the dual use debate are conceived to participate in communicative processes. It was argued that spaces for deliberative activities should be institutionalized by the scientific community to ensure structural opportunities for individuals to both assume responsibility and share it. Moreover, it was argued that deliberation can constitute a cornerstone of responsible dual use governance.
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Scott, Wayne C. University of Ballarat. „Program evaluation : issues related to planning, implementing and evaluating ethically responsible and clinically required research“. University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12781.
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Scott, Wayne C. „Program evaluation : issues related to planning, implementing and evaluating ethically responsible and clinically required research“. University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/15390.
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Haukka, Sandra, und s. haukka@qut edu au. „Research training and national innovation systems in Australia, Finland and the United States: a policy and systems study supported by 30 case studies of research students in the fields of geospatial science, wireless communication, biosciences, and materials science and engineering“. RMIT University. Education, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20061109.120913.
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Reforms to the national research and research training system by the Commonwealth Government of Australia sought to effectively connect research conducted in universities to Australia's national innovation system. Research training has a key role in ensuring an adequate supply of highly skilled people for the national innovation system. During their studies, research students produce and disseminate a massive amount of new knowledge. Prior to this study, there was no research that examined the contribution of research training to Australia's national innovation system despite the existence of policy initiatives aiming to enhance this contribution. Given Australia's below average (but improving) innovation performance compared to other OECD countries, the inclusion of Finland and the United States provided further insights into the key research question. This study examined three obvious ways that research training contributes to the national innovation systems in the three countries: the international mobility and migration of research students and graduates, knowledge production and distribution by research students, and the impact of research training as advanced human capital formation on economic growth. Findings have informed the concept of a research training culture of innovation that aims to enhance the contribution of research training to Australia's national innovation system. Key features include internationally competitive research and research training environments; research training programs that equip students with economically-relevant knowledge and the capabilities required by employers operating in knowledge-based economies; attractive research careers in different sectors; a national commitment to R&D as indicated by high levels of gross and business R&D expenditure; high private and social rates of return from research training; and the horizontal coordination of key organisations that create policy for, and/or invest in research training.
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Johnson, Darrin B. „Federal renewable-energy research and development funding and innovation /“. View online, 2008. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131423535.pdf.
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SIMOES, LUIS CARLOS DE ARAUJO. „PRELIMINARY RESEARCH ABOUT THE GENERALIZED COMPENSATOR: FACTS TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION“. PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1993. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8828@1.
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CENTRO DE PESQUISA DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICAO objetivo do trabalho é, dentro do escopo de estudos dos Sistemas Flexíveis de Transmissão em Corrente Alternada (FACTS), apresenta um estudo preliminar sobre a atuação do Compensador Generalizado, proposto em Gyugyi [1990]. Este trabalho aborda a atuação do equipamento proposto em um sistema duas barras e procura determinar os seus efeitos qualitativos. Dois casos limites foram estudados: sistema radial com carga passiva em uma das barras e sistema com barra infinita simulando o intercâmbio de potência entre sistemas. Este estudo é realizado através da modelagem dos inversores do Compensador Generalizado como fontes de tensão e corrente operando na freqüência fundamental e em regime permanente. A reatância equivalente dos transformadores acoplados não foi considerada. Esta reatância deverá ser considerada em futuros trabalhos. Resultados importantes são obtidos, neste trabalho, em relação aos novos modos de controle do sistema de transmissão, até então impossíveis com os equipamentos de compensação tradicional.
This dissertation presents a preliminary research abouth the Generalized Compensator operation at power systems, proposed in Gyugyi [1990], into the scope of Flexible AC Transmision System studies. This study makes a description of the proposed equipment actuation at a two bus system and explains some of its qualitative effects. Two configurations weree chose: a radial with passive load and a system with infinite bus in order to study power interchange between two systems. The voltage-sourced inverters of Generalized Compensator are modeled by voltage and current contrlolled source. These sources operate at the fundamental frequency and at the steady state. The leakage impendances of the coupking transformers are not considered but they will be considered in future researches. Important results are obtained about the new control modes of the transmission system. These new control modes are impossible with the traditional compensation equipament that have been used up to now.
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„Responsible Governance of Artificial Intelligence: An Assessment, Theoretical Framework, and Exploration“. Doctoral diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.55667.
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abstract: While artificial intelligence (AI) has seen enormous technical progress in recent years, less progress has occurred in understanding the governance issues raised by AI. In this dissertation, I make four contributions to the study and practice of AI governance. First, I connect AI to the literature and practices of responsible research and innovation (RRI) and explore their applicability to AI governance. I focus in particular on AI’s status as a general purpose technology (GPT), and suggest some of the distinctive challenges for RRI in this context such as the critical importance of publication norms in AI and the need for coordination. Second, I provide an assessment of existing AI governance efforts from an RRI perspective, synthesizing for the first time a wide range of literatures on AI governance and highlighting several limitations of extant efforts. This assessment helps identify areas for methodological exploration. Third, I explore, through several short case studies, the value of three different RRI-inspired methods for making AI governance more anticipatory and reflexive: expert elicitation, scenario planning, and formal modeling. In each case, I explain why these particular methods were deployed, what they
produced, and what lessons can be learned for improving the governance of AI in the future. I find that RRI-inspired methods have substantial potential in the context of AI, and early utility to the GPT-oriented perspective on what RRI in AI entails. Finally, I describe several areas for future work that would put RRI in AI on a sounder footing.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Human and Social Dimensions of Science and Technology 2019
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„LCA and Responsible Innovation of Nanotechnology“. Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.18009.
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abstract: Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a powerful framework for environmental decision making because the broad boundaries called for prevent shifting of burden from one life-cycle phase to another. Numerous experts and policy setting organizations call for the application of LCA to developing nanotechnologies. Early application of LCA to nanotechnology may identify environmentally problematic processes and supply chain components before large investments contribute to technology lock in, and thereby promote integration of environmental concerns into technology development and scale-up (enviro-technical integration). However, application of LCA to nanotechnology is problematic due to limitations in LCA methods (e.g., reliance on data from existing industries at scale, ambiguity regarding proper boundary selection), and because social drivers of technology development and environmental preservation are not identified in LCA. This thesis proposes two methodological advances that augment current capabilities of LCA by incorporating knowledge from technical and social domains. Specifically, this thesis advances the capacity for LCA to yield enviro-technical integration through inclusion of scenario development, thermodynamic modeling, and use-phase performance bounding to overcome the paucity of data describing emerging nanotechnologies. With regard to socio-technical integration, this thesis demonstrates that social values are implicit in LCA, and explores the extent to which these values impact LCA practice and results. There are numerous paths of entry through which social values are contained in LCA, for example functional unit selection, impact category selection, and system boundary definition - decisions which embody particular values and determine LCA results. Explicit identification of how social values are embedded in LCA promotes integration of social and environmental concerns into technology development (socio-enviro-technical integration), and may contribute to the development of socially-responsive and environmentally preferable nanotechnologies. In this way, tailoring LCA to promote socio-enviro-technical integration is a tangible and meaningful step towards responsible innovation processes.Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Engineering 2013
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„Developing Anticipatory Life Cycle Assessment Tools to Support Responsible Innovation“. Doctoral diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.38362.
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abstract: Several prominent research strategy organizations recommend applying life cycle assessment (LCA) early in the development of emerging technologies. For example, the US Environmental Protection Agency, the National Research Council, the Department of Energy, and the National Nanotechnology Initiative identify the potential for LCA to inform research and development (R&D) of photovoltaics and products containing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). In this capacity, application of LCA to emerging technologies may contribute to the growing movement for responsible research and innovation (RRI). However, existing LCA practices are largely retrospective and ill-suited to support the objectives of RRI. For example, barriers related to data availability, rapid technology change, and isolation of environmental from technical research inhibit application of LCA to developing technologies. This dissertation focuses on development of anticipatory LCA tools that incorporate elements of technology forecasting, provide robust explorations of uncertainty, and engage diverse innovation actors in overcoming retrospective approaches to environmental assessment and improvement of emerging technologies. Chapter one contextualizes current LCA practices within the growing literature articulating RRI and identifies the optimal place in the stage gate innovation model to apply LCA. Chapter one concludes with a call to develop anticipatory LCA – building on the theory of anticipatory governance – as a series of methodological improvements that seek to align LCA practices with the objectives of RRI.
Chapter two provides a framework for anticipatory LCA, identifies where research from multiple disciplines informs LCA practice, and builds off the recommendations presented in the preceding chapter. Chapter two focuses on crystalline and thin film photovoltaics (PV) to illustrate the novel framework, in part because PV is an environmentally motivated technology undergoing extensive R&D efforts and rapid increases in scale of deployment. The chapter concludes with a series of research recommendations that seek to direct PV research agenda towards pathways with the greatest potential for environmental improvement.
Similar to PV, engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are an emerging technology with numerous potential applications, are the subject of active R&D efforts, and are characterized by high uncertainty regarding potential environmental implications. Chapter three introduces a Monte Carlo impact assessment tool based on the toxicity impact assessment model USEtox and demonstrates stochastic characterization factor (CF) development to prioritize risk research with the greatest potential to improve certainty in CFs. The case study explores a hypothetical decision in which personal care product developers are interested in replacing the conventional antioxidant niacinamide with the novel ENM C60, but face high data uncertainty, are unsure regarding potential ecotoxicity impacts associated with this substitution, and do not know what future risk-relevant experiments to invest in that most efficiently improve certainty in the comparison. Results suggest experiments that elucidate C60 partitioning to suspended solids should be prioritized over parameters with little influence on results. This dissertation demonstrates a novel anticipatory approach to exploration of uncertainty in environmental models that can create new, actionable knowledge with potential to guide future research and development decisions.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Civil and Environmental Engineering 2016
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Neto, Carlos Palhas Silvestre. „Innovation performance of Portuguese research innovation centers“. Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21584.
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Research innovation centers establishes a fundamental role between institutions linked
with scientific production and technological knowledge. They are defined as "liaison
bodies between higher education institutions and companies, which are dedicated to the
valorisation of products and services and to technology transfer".
In this sense, they seek to identify and value technologies that can be useful for each
company problems, leveraging innovation activities, reinforcing economic dynamism
and strengthening business investment.
The following dissertation proposes a research methodology structured in two
systemic dimensions, focused on measuring innovation performance of each center. First
dimension evaluates innovation potential that each entity is capable of generating. In turn,
second dimension assesses the real state of innovation generated by them. To this end,
two research questions have been established: "What is the role of research innovation
centers in Portuguese innovation?" and " What is the performance in terms of innovation
of the centers?". Following a methodology based on European Innovation Scoreboards,
a stabilised composite indicator was constructed.
Our results explain that, as expected, bigger research centers seem to have more
potential capacity for innovation, nevertheless, measuring innovation potential (per
employee) reveals a different picture. Matching innovation potential with real innovation
performance we found that, contrary to what was expected from the gatherer project
applications data, different centers have a better performance (especially when measured
by employee). These findings are interesting since they display that, when size is taken
out of the picture, real innovation performance is different and may lead to different
funding approaches.Os Centros de Interface Tecnológico estabelecem um papel fundamental entre as instituições ligadas à produção de conhecimento científico e tecnológico. São definidos como "entidades de ligação entre as instituições de ensino superior e as empresas, que se dedicam à valorização de produtos e serviços e à transferência de tecnologia". Neste sentido, procuram identificar e valorizar tecnologias úteis para os problemas das empresas, alavancando atividades de inovação e reforçando o dinamismo económico e o investimento empresarial. A seguinte dissertação propõe uma metodologia de investigação estruturada em duas dimensões sistémicas, focalizada em medir a performance de inovação de cada centro. A primeira dimensão pretende avaliar o potencial de inovação que cada centro geraa. Por sua vez, a segunda dimensão visa compreender o real estado de inovação gerado por esses centros. Para isso, foram estabelecidas duas perguntas de pesquisa: "Qual o pepel dos centros de interface na inovação em Portugal?" e "Qual a performance de inovação destes centros?". Sendo a metodologia baseada nos European Innovation Scoreboards, foi construído um indicador compósito. Os resultados a que chegámos espelham que os centros de investigação maiores apresentam maior potencial de inovação, no entanto, a medição do potencial de inovação (por empregado) revela um quadro diferente. Combinando o potencial de inovação com o desempenho real de inovação, descobrimos que, contrariamente ao esperado, outros centros têm um melhor desempenho. Estas conclusões mostram que quando o tamanho do centro é retirado do estudo, o desempenho real de inovação é diferente e pode levar a diferentes abordagens de financiamento.
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„Responsible Innovation and Sustainability: Interventions in Education and Training of Scientists and Engineers“. Doctoral diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.38377.
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abstract: Three dilemmas plague governance of scientific research and technological
innovation: the dilemma of orientation, the dilemma of legitimacy, and the dilemma of control. The dilemma of orientation risks innovation heedless of long-term implications. The dilemma of legitimacy grapples with delegation of authority in democracies, often at the expense of broader public interest. The dilemma of control poses that the undesirable implications of new technologies are hard to grasp, yet once grasped, all too difficult to remedy. That humanity has innovated itself into the sustainability crisis is a prime manifestation of these dilemmas.
Responsible innovation (RI), with foci on anticipation, inclusion, reflection, coordination, and adaptation, aims to mitigate dilemmas of orientation, legitimacy, and control. The aspiration of RI is to bend the processes of technology development toward more just, sustainable, and societally desirable outcomes. Despite the potential for fruitful interaction across RI’s constitutive domains—sustainability science and social studies of science and technology—most sustainability scientists under-theorize the sociopolitical dimensions of technological systems and most science and technology scholars hesitate to take a normative, solutions-oriented stance. Efforts to advance RI, although notable, entail one-off projects that do not lend themselves to comparative analysis for learning.
In this dissertation, I offer an intervention research framework to aid systematic study of intentional programs of change to advance responsible innovation. Two empirical studies demonstrate the framework in application. An evaluation of Science Outside the Lab presents a program to help early-career scientists and engineers understand the complexities of science policy. An evaluation of a Community Engagement Workshop presents a program to help engineers better look beyond technology, listen to and learn from people, and empower communities. Each program is efficacious in helping scientists and engineers more thoughtfully engage with mediators of science and technology governance dilemmas: Science Outside the Lab in revealing the dilemmas of orientation and legitimacy; Community Engagement Workshop in offering reflexive and inclusive approaches to control. As part of a larger intervention research portfolio, these and other projects hold promise for aiding governance of science and technology through responsible innovation.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Sustainability 2016
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„Transdisciplinarity and Social Innovation Research“. Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, 2009. http://epub.wu-wien.ac.at/dyn/dl/wp/epub-wu-01_fb9.
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Teng, Yu-Hua, und 鄧嶼華. „Research and Development innovation analysis--The research for the domestic digital TV Chipset products innovation“. Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67995201333399450329.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
管理研究所
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To cope with global inflation， downturn economy， the 3C industry which used to be perceived as the cash-cow business can no longer maintain 5% min profit to survive。 It’s a turning point for 3C industry to find a stage for next booming market or new products，with intention to leap-frog current enterprise operation growth， and scale-up business to the next level。Innovation is the only way to keep enterprise ahead of competition and get rid of competition’s price war nailing，furthermore，it’s a solution to help enterprise get better operation result。 Every innovation must be precisely in accordance with its preset plan and strategy，execution and implementation with gradual and orderly process，compound with careful budget control and thoughtful risk assessment。 Fast changing market and unexpected challenges from internal/external environments may drive different end results from what previous goal we have previously projected。 This is definitely not the entrepreneur would like to see。 The purpose of this study is aimed at Digital TV chip market，according to industry trends and needs of customers specifications，utilizing relevant technologies to integrate all kinds of TV functionality into ASIC with great creative development and innovation。 OEMs who highly request for competitive low-price and extraordinary high performance product spec，have always re-designed their products to differentiate from their competition，to customize product skus to meet different geo’s needs。 Compared to incumbent competition’s product strategy, entrepreneurs definitely want to create innovative products，keeping organization flexible and tough enough to stay on top of others。 Enterprise applying same technologies while operating at different markets is stepping into the so called “destructive innovation”，whereas enterprise extending products to multi-level, multi-functional areas is part of what we called “applicable innovation”。 When the products， markets reach their maturity, enterprise must advance product innovation to create add-on value to current products, leaving competitors far behind。 LCD IC industry competitions have been a real hot topic recently for development and research innovation。From related LCD IC development innovation examples，we can iron out some solid game rules as the best reference for business operation and strategy planning。