Zeitschriftenartikel: „RNA therapeutic“

1

Mahy, BWJ. „Therapeutic RNA?“ Reviews in Medical Virology 15, Nr. 6 (2005): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rmv.485.

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2

Liu, Xiang, Yu Zhang, Shurong Zhou, Lauren Dain, Lei Mei und Guizhi Zhu. „Circular RNA: An emerging frontier in RNA therapeutic targets, RNA therapeutics, and mRNA vaccines“. Journal of Controlled Release 348 (August 2022): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.043.

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3

EVERTS, SARAH. „RNA DISTRACTION IS THERAPEUTIC“. Chemical & Engineering News 87, Nr. 29 (20.07.2009): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v087n029.p015a.

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4

Poller, Wolfgang, Juliane Tank, Carsten Skurk und Martina Gast. „Cardiovascular RNA Interference Therapy“. Circulation Research 113, Nr. 5 (16.08.2013): 588–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.113.301056.

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Understanding of the roles of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) within complex organisms has fundamentally changed. It is increasingly possible to use ncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in medicine. Regarding disease pathogenesis, it has become evident that confinement to the analysis of protein-coding regions of the human genome is insufficient because ncRNA variants have been associated with important human diseases. Thus, inclusion of noncoding genomic elements in pathogenetic studies and their consideration as therapeutic targets is warranted. We consider aspects of the evolutionary and discovery history of ncRNAs, as far as they are relevant for the identification and selection of ncRNAs with likely therapeutic potential. Novel therapeutic strategies are based on ncRNAs, and we discuss here RNA interference as a highly versatile tool for gene silencing. RNA interference-mediating RNAs are small, but only parts of a far larger spectrum encompassing ncRNAs up to many kilobasepairs in size. We discuss therapeutic options in cardiovascular medicine offered by ncRNAs and key issues to be solved before clinical translation. Convergence of multiple technical advances is highlighted as a prerequisite for the translational progress achieved in recent years. Regarding safety, we review properties of RNA therapeutics, which may immunologically distinguish them from their endogenous counterparts, all of which underwent sophisticated evolutionary adaptation to specific biological contexts. Although our understanding of the noncoding human genome is only fragmentary to date, it is already feasible to develop RNA interference against a rapidly broadening spectrum of therapeutic targets and to translate this to the clinical setting under certain restrictions.

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5

&NA;. „Therapeutic potential of RNA??interference“. Inpharma Weekly &NA;, Nr. 1411 (November 2003): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200314110-00001.

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6

Stevenson, Mario. „Therapeutic Potential of RNA Interference“. New England Journal of Medicine 351, Nr. 17 (21.10.2004): 1772–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmra045004.

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7

Han, Xuexiang, Michael J. Mitchell und Guangjun Nie. „Nanomaterials for Therapeutic RNA Delivery“. Matter 3, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2020): 1948–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2020.09.020.

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8

Sioud, Mouldy, und Marianne Leirdal. „Therapeutic RNA and DNA enzymes“. Biochemical Pharmacology 60, Nr. 8 (Oktober 2000): 1023–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00395-6.

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9

Novina, C. D. „Therapeutic potential of RNA interference“. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 58, Nr. 4 (Mai 2004): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2002.12.001.

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10

van Ommen, Gert-Jan B., und Annemieke Aartsma-Rus. „Advances in therapeutic RNA-targeting“. New Biotechnology 30, Nr. 3 (März 2013): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2013.01.005.

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11

Jana, S., C. Chakraborty, S. Nandi und J. K. Deb. „RNA interference: potential therapeutic targets“. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 65, Nr. 6 (15.09.2004): 649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-004-1732-1.

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12

Hastings, Michelle L., und Adrian R. Krainer. „RNA therapeutics“. RNA 29, Nr. 4 (16.03.2023): 393–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.079626.123.

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“RNA therapeutics” refers to a disease treatment or drug that utilizes RNA as a component. In this context, RNA may be the direct target of a small-molecule drug or RNA itself may be the drug, designed to bind to a protein, or to mimic or target another RNA. RNA has gained attention in the drug-development world, as recent clinical successes and breakthrough technologies have revolutionized the drug-like qualities of the molecule or its usefulness as a drug target. In this special issue ofRNA, we gathered expert perspectives on the past, present, and future of the field, to serve as a primer and also a challenge to the broad scientific community to incorporate RNA into their experimental design and problem-solving process, and to imagine and realize the potential of RNA as a therapeutic drug or target.

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Li, Xinyi, Wenchen Pu, Song Chen und Yong Peng. „Therapeutic targeting of RNA-binding protein by RNA-PROTAC“. Molecular Therapy 29, Nr. 6 (Juni 2021): 1940–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.032.

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14

Adachi, Hironori, Martin Hengesbach, Yi-Tao Yu und Pedro Morais. „From Antisense RNA to RNA Modification: Therapeutic Potential of RNA-Based Technologies“. Biomedicines 9, Nr. 5 (14.05.2021): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9050550.

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Therapeutic oligonucleotides interact with a target RNA via Watson-Crick complementarity, affecting RNA-processing reactions such as mRNA degradation, pre-mRNA splicing, or mRNA translation. Since they were proposed decades ago, several have been approved for clinical use to correct genetic mutations. Three types of mechanisms of action (MoA) have emerged: RNase H-dependent degradation of mRNA directed by short chimeric antisense oligonucleotides (gapmers), correction of splicing defects via splice-modulation oligonucleotides, and interference of gene expression via short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). These antisense-based mechanisms can tackle several genetic disorders in a gene-specific manner, primarily by gene downregulation (gapmers and siRNAs) or splicing defects correction (exon-skipping oligos). Still, the challenge remains for the repair at the single-nucleotide level. The emerging field of epitranscriptomics and RNA modifications shows the enormous possibilities for recoding the transcriptome and repairing genetic mutations with high specificity while harnessing endogenously expressed RNA processing machinery. Some of these techniques have been proposed as alternatives to CRISPR-based technologies, where the exogenous gene-editing machinery needs to be delivered and expressed in the human cells to generate permanent (DNA) changes with unknown consequences. Here, we review the current FDA-approved antisense MoA (emphasizing some enabling technologies that contributed to their success) and three novel modalities based on post-transcriptional RNA modifications with therapeutic potential, including ADAR (Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA)-mediated RNA editing, targeted pseudouridylation, and 2′-O-methylation.

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15

Lundstrom, Kenneth. „Self-Replicating RNA Viruses for RNA Therapeutics“. Molecules 23, Nr. 12 (13.12.2018): 3310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123310.

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Self-replicating single-stranded RNA viruses such as alphaviruses, flaviviruses, measles viruses, and rhabdoviruses provide efficient delivery and high-level expression of therapeutic genes due to their high capacity of RNA replication. This has contributed to novel approaches for therapeutic applications including vaccine development and gene therapy-based immunotherapy. Numerous studies in animal tumor models have demonstrated that self-replicating RNA viral vectors can generate antibody responses against infectious agents and tumor cells. Moreover, protection against challenges with pathogenic Ebola virus was obtained in primates immunized with alphaviruses and flaviviruses. Similarly, vaccinated animals have been demonstrated to withstand challenges with lethal doses of tumor cells. Furthermore, clinical trials have been conducted for several indications with self-amplifying RNA viruses. In this context, alphaviruses have been subjected to phase I clinical trials for a cytomegalovirus vaccine generating neutralizing antibodies in healthy volunteers, and for antigen delivery to dendritic cells providing clinically relevant antibody responses in cancer patients, respectively. Likewise, rhabdovirus particles have been subjected to phase I/II clinical trials showing good safety and immunogenicity against Ebola virus. Rhabdoviruses have generated promising results in phase III trials against Ebola virus. The purpose of this review is to summarize the achievements of using self-replicating RNA viruses for RNA therapy based on preclinical animal studies and clinical trials in humans.

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16

Dejong, Eric, Burkhard Luy und John Marino. „RNA and RNA-Protein Complexes as Targets for Therapeutic Intervention“. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2, Nr. 3 (01.03.2002): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026023394245.

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17

Tafech, Alaeddin, Tyler Bassett, Dan Sparanese und Chow Lee. „Destroying RNA as a Therapeutic Approach“. Current Medicinal Chemistry 13, Nr. 8 (01.04.2006): 863–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706776361021.

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18

Ghosal, Anubrata, Ahmad Kabir und Abul Mandal. „RNA interference and its therapeutic potential“. Open Medicine 6, Nr. 2 (01.04.2011): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-011-0005-5.

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AbstractRNA interference is a technique that has become popular in the past few years. This is a biological method to detect the activity of a specific gene within a cell. RNAi is the introduction of homologous double stranded RNA to specifically target a gene’s product resulting in null or hypomorphic phenotypes. This technique involves the degradation of specific mRNA by using small interfering RNA. Both microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) are directly related to RNA interference. RNAi mechanism is being explored as a new technique for suppressing gene expression. It is an important issue in the treatment of various diseases. This review considers different aspects of RNAi technique including its history of discovery, molecular mechanism, gene expression study, advantages of this technique against previously used techniques, barrier associated with this technique, and its therapeutic application.

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19

Goyal, Bhoomika R., Mayur M. Patel, Mithil K. Soni und Shraddha V. Bhadada. „Therapeutic opportunities of small interfering RNA“. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 23, Nr. 4 (August 2009): 367–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00694.x.

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20

Krueger, Robert J. „Ribozymes: RNA as a Therapeutic Agent“. American Pharmacy 35, Nr. 1 (Januar 1995): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-3450(16)33859-4.

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21

Read, Martin L., Mark Stevenson, Paul J. Farrow, Lee B. Barrett und Leonard W. Seymour. „RNA-based therapeutic strategies for cancer“. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 13, Nr. 5 (Mai 2003): 627–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543776.13.5.627.

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22

Stein, Richard A. „RNA Silencing Finds Its Therapeutic Voice“. Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News 40, Nr. 3 (01.03.2020): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gen.40.03.08.

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23

Mintz, Paul, Vikash Reebye, Pål Sætrom, John J. Rossi und Nagy A. Habib. „Exploiting RNA activation for therapeutic applications“. Cell and Gene Therapy Insights 1, Nr. 1 (15.09.2015): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18609/cgti.2015.003.

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24

Sundaram, Padma, Helena Kurniawan, Mark E. Byrne und Jacek Wower. „Therapeutic RNA aptamers in clinical trials“. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 48, Nr. 1-2 (Januar 2013): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2012.10.014.

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25

Uprichard, Susan L. „The therapeutic potential of RNA interference“. FEBS Letters 579, Nr. 26 (15.08.2005): 5996–6007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2005.08.004.

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26

Kerr, Thomas A., und Nicholas O. Davidson. „Therapeutic RNA manipulation in liver disease“. Hepatology 51, Nr. 3 (März 2010): 1055–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.23344.

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27

Piotrowska, Anna, Agnieszka Rybarczyk, Piotr Wierzbicki, Marzena Kotwas, Agata Wrońska und Zbigniew Kmieć. „RNA interference – mechanism and therapeutic possibilities“. Polish Annals of Medicine 16, Nr. 1 (15.03.2023): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29089/paom/162206.

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Introduction. In the early 1990s, during experiments aimed at intensifying the colour of Petunia hybryda flowers, a new mechanism of regulation of gene expression was discovered; however, its mechanism, i.e. inhibition of gene expression at a post-transcriptional stage, remained unknown. In 1998 two groups led by A. Fire and C. Mello found a molecular basis for the phenomenon called RNA interference (RNAi). Delivery of a double stranded RNA to a model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans, triggered silencing of complementary messenger RNA sequences. This discovery opened new perspectives for research involving gene functions due to the possibility of inhibiting the expression of a specific gene through its mRNA degradation in the cytosol. Aim. The aim of this paper is to present a potential role of RNAi as a therapeutic method for various diseases. Discussion. RNAi provides a powerful technique for the derivation and analysis of loss-of-function phenotypes in vertebrate cells. This technique may be also applied as a therapeutic strategy, e.g. in genetic and viral diseases, and clinical trials to test this possibility have been already initiated. Conclusions. RNAi-based therapy may become a powerful tool to treat many diseases whose molecular pathogenesis mechanisms have been thoroughly understood.

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Bajan, Sarah, und Gyorgy Hutvagner. „RNA-Based Therapeutics: From Antisense Oligonucleotides to miRNAs“. Cells 9, Nr. 1 (07.01.2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9010137.

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The first therapeutic nucleic acid, a DNA oligonucleotide, was approved for clinical use in 1998. Twenty years later, in 2018, the first therapeutic RNA-based oligonucleotide was United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved. This promises to be a rapidly expanding market, as many emerging biopharmaceutical companies are developing RNA interference (RNAi)-based, and RNA-based antisense oligonucleotide therapies. However, miRNA therapeutics are noticeably absent. miRNAs are regulatory RNAs that regulate gene expression. In disease states, the expression of many miRNAs is measurably altered. The potential of miRNAs as therapies and therapeutic targets has long been discussed and in the context of a wide variety of infections and diseases. Despite the great number of studies identifying miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets, only a handful of miRNA-targeting drugs (mimics or inhibitors) have entered clinical trials. In this review, we will discuss whether the investment in finding potential miRNA therapeutic targets has yielded feasible and practicable results, the benefits and obstacles of miRNAs as therapeutic targets, and the potential future of the field.

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Ferdows, Bijan Emiliano, Dylan Neal Patel, Wei Chen, Xiangang Huang, Na Kong und Wei Tao. „RNA cancer nanomedicine: nanotechnology-mediated RNA therapy“. Nanoscale 14, Nr. 12 (2022): 4448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr06991h.

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30

Paluszczak, Jarosław. „Therapeutic targeting of alternative splicing“. Farmacja Polska 75, Nr. 11 (29.12.2019): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32383/farmpol/115754.

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Aziz Ahmad, Kashif, Saleha Akram Nizami und Muhammad Haroon Ghous. „Coronavirus - Drug Discovery and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Options“. Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology Research 5, Nr. 2 (06.01.2022): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-7247/044.

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COVID-19 is basically a medium size RNA virus and the nucleic acid is about 30 kb long, positive in sense, single stranded and polyadenylated. The RNA which is found in this virus is the largest known RNA and codes for a large polyprotein. In addition, coronaviruses are capable of genetic recombination if 2 viruses infect the same cell at the same time. SARS-CoV emerged first in southern China and rapidly spread around the globe in 2002–2003. In November 2002, an unusual epidemic of atypical pneumonia with a high rate of nosocomial transmission to health-care workers occurred in Foshan, Guangdong, China. In March 2003, a novel CoV was confirmed to be the causative agent for SARS, and was thus named SARS-CoV. Despite the report of a large number of virus-based and host-based treatment options with potent in vitro activities for SARS and MERS, only a few are likely to fulfil their potential in the clinical setting in the foreseeable future. Most drugs have one or more major limitations that prevent them from proceeding beyond the in vitro stage. First, many drugs have high EC50/Cmax ratios at clinically relevant dosages

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32

Chen, Genghao, Dhruva Katrekar und Prashant Mali. „RNA-Guided Adenosine Deaminases: Advances and Challenges for Therapeutic RNA Editing“. Biochemistry 58, Nr. 15 (03.04.2019): 1947–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00046.

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33

Bennett, C. Frank, und Eric E. Swayze. „RNA Targeting Therapeutics: Molecular Mechanisms of Antisense Oligonucleotides as a Therapeutic Platform“. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 50, Nr. 1 (Februar 2010): 259–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.010909.105654.

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34

Haque, Sakib, Kiri Cook, Gaurav Sahay und Conroy Sun. „RNA-Based Therapeutics: Current Developments in Targeted Molecular Therapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer“. Pharmaceutics 13, Nr. 10 (15.10.2021): 1694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101694.

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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive cancer that has the highest mortality rate out of all breast cancer subtypes. Conventional clinical treatments targeting ER, PR, and HER2 receptors have been unsuccessful in the treatment of TNBC, which has led to various research efforts in developing new strategies to treat TNBC. Targeted molecular therapy of TNBC utilizes knowledge of key molecular signatures of TNBC that can be effectively modulated to produce a positive therapeutic response. Correspondingly, RNA-based therapeutics represent a novel tool in oncology with their ability to alter intrinsic cancer pathways that contribute to poor patient prognosis. Current RNA-based therapeutics exist as two major areas of investigation—RNA interference (RNAi) and RNA nanotherapy, where RNAi utilizes principles of gene silencing, and RNA nanotherapy utilizes RNA-derived nanoparticles to deliver chemotherapeutics to target cells. RNAi can be further classified as therapeutics utilizing either small interfering RNA (siRNA) or microRNA (miRNA). As the broader field of gene therapy has advanced significantly in recent years, so too have efforts in the development of effective RNA-based therapeutic strategies for treating aggressive cancers, including TNBC. This review will summarize key advances in targeted molecular therapy of TNBC, describing current trends in treatment using RNAi, combination therapies, and recent efforts in RNA immunotherapy, utilizing messenger RNA (mRNA) in the development of cancer vaccines.

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35

Malik, Amarila. „RNA THERAPEUTIC, PENDEKATAN BARU DALAM TERAPI GEN“. Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian 2, Nr. 2 (August 2005): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/psr.v2i2.3384.

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36

Neil, Christopher R., Michael W. Seiler, Dominic J. Reynolds, Jesse J. Smith, Frédéric H. Vaillancourt, Peter G. Smith und Anant A. Agrawal. „Reprogramming RNA processing: an emerging therapeutic landscape“. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 43, Nr. 5 (Mai 2022): 437–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2022.02.011.

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37

Gao, Minsong, Qingyi Zhang, Xin-Hua Feng und Jianzhao Liu. „Synthetic modified messenger RNA for therapeutic applications“. Acta Biomaterialia 131 (September 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.020.

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38

Ziemniak, Marcin, Malwina Strenkowska, Joanna Kowalska und Jacek Jemielity. „Potential therapeutic applications of RNA cap analogs“. Future Medicinal Chemistry 5, Nr. 10 (Juni 2013): 1141–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc.13.96.

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39

Li, Y., H. Wu, Y. Niu, Y. Hu, Q. Li, C. Cao und J. Cai. „Development of RNA Aptamer-Based Therapeutic Agents“. Current Medicinal Chemistry 20, Nr. 29 (01.08.2013): 3655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867311320290011.

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40

Kim, Young Joon, und Omar Abdel-Wahab. „Therapeutic targeting of RNA splicing in myelodysplasia“. Seminars in Hematology 54, Nr. 3 (Juli 2017): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.seminhematol.2017.06.007.

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41

Cejka, Daniel, Doris Losert und Volker Wacheck. „Short interfering RNA (siRNA): tool or therapeutic?“ Clinical Science 110, Nr. 1 (12.12.2005): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20050162.

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Gene silencing by siRNA (short interfering RNA) is a still developing field in biology and has evolved as a novel post-transcriptional gene silencing strategy with therapeutic potential. With siRNAs, virtually every gene in the human genome contributing to a disease becomes amenable to regulation, thus opening unprecedented opportunities for drug discovery. Besides the well-established role for siRNA as a tool for target screening and validation in vitro, recent progress of siRNA delivery in vivo raised expectations for siRNA drugs as the up-and-coming ‘magic bullet’. Whether siRNA compounds will make it as novel chemical entities from ‘bench to bedside’ will probably depend largely on improving their pharmacokinetics in terms of plasma stability and cellular uptake. Whereas locally administered siRNAs have already entered the first clinical trials, strategies for successful systemic delivery of siRNA are still in a preclinical stage of development. Irrespective of its therapeutic potential, RNAi (RNA interference) has unambiguously become a valuable tool for basic research in biology and thereby it will continue to have a major impact on medical science. In this review, we will give a brief overview about the history and current understanding of RNAi and focus on potential applications, especially as a therapeutic option to treat human disease.

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Thiel, Kristina W., und Paloma H. Giangrande. „Therapeutic Applications of DNA and RNA Aptamers“. Oligonucleotides 19, Nr. 3 (September 2009): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/oli.2009.0199.

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43

Egli, Martin, und Muthiah Manoharan. „Re-Engineering RNA Molecules into Therapeutic Agents“. Accounts of Chemical Research 52, Nr. 4 (26.03.2019): 1036–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00650.

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44

ROSSI, J., und N. SARVER. „RNA enzymes (ribozymes) as antiviral therapeutic agents“. Trends in Biotechnology 8 (1990): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(90)90169-x.

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45

Takeshita, Fumitaka, und Takahiro Ochiya. „Therapeutic potential of RNA interference against cancer“. Cancer Science 97, Nr. 8 (August 2006): 689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00234.x.

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46

Mirón-Barroso, Sofía, Joana S. Correia, Adam E. Frampton, Mark P. Lythgoe, James Clark, Laura Tookman, Silvia Ottaviani et al. „Polymeric Carriers for Delivery of RNA Cancer Therapeutics“. Non-Coding RNA 8, Nr. 4 (02.08.2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ncrna8040058.

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As research uncovers the underpinnings of cancer biology, new targeted therapies have been developed. Many of these therapies are small molecules, such as kinase inhibitors, that target specific proteins; however, only 1% of the genome encodes for proteins and only a subset of these proteins has ‘druggable’ active binding sites. In recent decades, RNA therapeutics have gained popularity due to their ability to affect targets that small molecules cannot. Additionally, they can be manufactured more rapidly and cost-effectively than small molecules or recombinant proteins. RNA therapeutics can be synthesised chemically and altered quickly, which can enable a more personalised approach to cancer treatment. Even though a wide range of RNA therapeutics are being developed for various indications in the oncology setting, none has reached the clinic to date. One of the main reasons for this is attributed to the lack of safe and effective delivery systems for this type of therapeutic. This review focuses on current strategies to overcome these challenges and enable the clinical utility of these novel therapeutic agents in the cancer clinic.

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47

Veedu, Rakesh N., und Jesper Wengel. „Locked nucleic acid as a novel class of therapeutic agents“. RNA Biology 6, Nr. 3 (Juli 2009): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/rna.6.3.8807.

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48

Aigner, Achim. „Transkingdom RNA interference (tkRNAi) as a new delivery tool for therapeutic RNA“. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 9, Nr. 12 (22.09.2009): 1533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14712590903307354.

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49

Wang, Yanyan, Varada Anirudhan, Ruikun Du, Qinghua Cui und Lijun Rong. „RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase of SARS‐CoV‐2 as a therapeutic target“. Journal of Medical Virology 93, Nr. 1 (19.07.2020): 300–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26264.

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50

Aartsma-Rus, Annemieke. „Antisense-mediated modulation of splicing: Therapeutic implications for Duchenne muscular dystrophy“. RNA Biology 7, Nr. 4 (Juli 2010): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/rna.7.4.12264.

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „RNA therapeutic“

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