Thematische Bibliographien / RTG diffraction / Zeitschriftenartikel
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „RTG diffraction“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 5. Februar 2022

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1

Camara, A. H. "Faktorová analýza v Mössbauerovì spektroskopii a RTG difrakèní fázové analýze / Factor analysis in Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis." Koroze a ochrana materialu 58, no. 3 (2014): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kom-2014-0010.

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Ze souboru vzorků obsahujících železo byly metodami Mössbauerovy spektroskopie a rtg difrakční analýzy získána data, na která byla aplikována faktorová analýza, díky níž bylo zjištěno, kolika faktory lze vysvětlit celkový rozptyl dat. Došlo tedy k vyčíslením faktorového skóre, k redukci počtu proměnných a vzniku faktorů, kterými byly nahrazeny původní proměnné. U Mössbauerovy spektroskopie se jedná o šest faktorů, kterým bylo přiřazeno šest původních proměnných a u rtg difrakční analýzy byly zjištěny tři faktory, kterým byly přiřazeny tři původní proměnné.
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2

Hutyrová, Zuzana, Włodzimierz Makiela, Peter Michalik, et al. "Creation of Mathematical Prescription of Residual Stress Depending on Various Cutting Conditions." Key Engineering Materials 669 (October 2015): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.669.126.

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Article deals with problematic of internal residual stress after machining depends on various cutting condition. In article is presented influenced of cutting conditions to quality of internal layers by defining values of residual stresses. Method use to evaluate values of residual stress was RTG diffraction. Material used for experiment was steel C45 and type of machining was up milling for various parameters such as spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut.
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3

Wenk, H. R. "Neutron Diffraction Texture Analysis." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 63, no. 1 (2006): 399–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.63.15.

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4

Harrison, R. J. "Neutron Diffraction of Magnetic Materials." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 63, no. 1 (2006): 113–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.63.6.

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5

Fei, Y., and Y. Wang. "High-Pressure and High-Temperature Powder Diffraction." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 41, no. 1 (2000): 521–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2000.41.15.

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6

Ross, N. L., and C. Hoffmann. "Single-crystal Neutron Diffraction: Present and Future Applications." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 63, no. 1 (2006): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.63.3.

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7

Knorr, K., and W. Depmeier. "Application of Neutron Powder-Diffraction to Mineral Structures." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 63, no. 1 (2006): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.63.5.

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8

Meier, R., J. Anderson, and S. Verryn. "Industrial X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Building Materials." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 74, no. 1 (2012): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2012.74.4.

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9

Lavina, B., P. Dera, and R. T. Downs. "Modern X-ray Diffraction Methods in Mineralogy and Geosciences." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 78, no. 1 (2014): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2014.78.1.

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10

Hill, Adrian H. "A new gas system for automatedin situpowder diffraction studies at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility." Journal of Applied Crystallography 46, no. 2 (2013): 570–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889813000629.

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A new gas dosing rig built for the high-resolution powder diffraction beamline (ID31) at the ESRF is described. The rig is fully controlled and monitored by the beamline control software, enabling automated absorption and desorption of fixed pressures of gases up to 100 bar (107 Pa) forin situstructural studies. The rig has successfully been used on ID31 as well as other beamlines at the ESRF.
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11

Cole, D. R., K. W. Herwig, E. Mamontov, and J. Z. Larese. "Neutron Scattering and Diffraction Studies of Fluids and Fluid-Solid Interactions." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 63, no. 1 (2006): 313–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.63.13.

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12

Redfern, S. A. T. "Neutron Powder Diffraction Studies of Order-Disorder Phase Transitions and Kinetics." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 63, no. 1 (2006): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.63.7.

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13

Gueninchault, N., H. Proudhon, and W. Ludwig. "Nanox: a miniature mechanical stress rig designed for near-field X-ray diffraction imaging techniques." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 6 (2016): 1474–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577516013850.

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Multi-modal characterization of polycrystalline materials by combined use of three-dimensional (3D) X-ray diffraction and imaging techniques may be considered as the 3D equivalent of surface studies in the electron microscope combining diffraction and other imaging modalities. Since acquisition times at synchrotron sources are nowadays compatible with four-dimensional (time lapse) studies, suitable mechanical testing devices are needed which enable switching between these different imaging modalities over the course of a mechanical test. Here a specifically designed tensile device, fulfilling severe space constraints and permitting to switch between X-ray (holo)tomography, diffraction contrast tomography and topotomography, is presented. As a proof of concept the 3D characterization of an Al–Li alloy multicrystal by means of diffraction contrast tomography is presented, followed by repeated topotomography characterization of one selected grain at increasing levels of deformation. Signatures of slip bands and sudden lattice rotations inside the grain have been shown by means ofin situtopography carried out during the load ramps, and diffraction spot peak broadening has been monitored throughout the experiment.
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14

Kuhs, W. F., and T. C. Hansen. "Time-resolved Neutron Diffraction Studies with Emphasis on Water Ices and Gas Hydrates." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 63, no. 1 (2006): 171–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.63.8.

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15

Peterson, R. C., and H. Yang. "High-Temperature Devices and Environmental Cells Designed for X-ray and Neutron Diffraction Experiments." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 41, no. 1 (2000): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2000.41.13.

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16

Jin, Rui Min, Ding Zhen Li, Lan Li Chen, Xiang Ju Han, and Jing Xiao Lu. "Solid-Phase Crystallization of a-Si:H by RTA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 4151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.4151.

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Amorphous silicon films prepared by PECVD on glass substrate has been crystallized by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at the same temperature for different time. From X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscope (SEM), it is found that the grain size is biggest crystallized at 720°C for 8 min, an average grain size of 28nm or so is obtained. The thin film is smoothly and perfect structure.
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17

Гнатюк, М. А., В. М. Морозов, and С. В. Марченко. "Electromagnetic wave diffraction on rectangular waveguides cascaded junction." Radiotekhnika 1, no. 196 (2019): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/rt.2019.1.196.16.

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18

Siti Shafiqah, Ahmad Shaharuddin, Roslan Md Nor, Y. M. Amin, and David A. Bradley. "Synthesis of Silver Decorated Silica Nanospheres for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Substrates." Advanced Materials Research 1133 (January 2016): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.471.

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A sol-gel technique has been used to synthesize silver decorated silica nanospheres for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. X- Ray diffraction (XRD) spectra shows peak at 2θ = 38.1, 44.6, 64.7, and 77.5°confirming the presence of Ag nanoparticles on the substrates. The Ag- decorated silica nanospheres were applied as SERS substrates using Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as probe molecule. From Raman analysis, the highest SERS enhancement factor at R6G concentration of 102was calculated around ~1010.
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19

Chen, Guangming, Nobuo Iyi, Ryo Sasai, Taketoshi Fujita, and Kenji Kitamura. "Intercalation of Rhodamine 6G and Oxazine 4 into Oriented Clay Films and Their Alignment." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 5 (2002): 1035–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0153.

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The cationic dyes rhodamine 6G (R6G) and oxazine 4 (Ox4) were intercalated into oriented lithium hectorite (LiHT, a synthetic fluor-mica) films by ion-exchange, and their orientation was studied by x-ray and polarized spectroscopy. Orientation of dyes was determined by basal spacing obtained by x-ray diffraction data, showing that angles of the long axis were 60° for R6G and 47° for Ox4 against the layer. Polarized ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy showed that the high-order H-aggregate of R6G and Ox4 were oriented at 64° and 52° against layers, respectively; other states of dyes were oriented at much lower angles. The interlayer distance was mostly determined by dimensions of the high-order H-aggregate.
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20

Калиберда, М. Е., Л. Н. Литвиненко, and С. А. Погарский. "Operator method in diffraction by semi-infinite graphene grating." Radiotekhnika 1, no. 196 (2019): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/rt.2019.1.196.14.

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21

Wang, Y. Q., S. Kabra, S. Y. Zhang, C. E. Truman, and D. J. Smith. "Anin situthermo-mechanical rig for lattice strain measurement during creep using neutron diffraction." Review of Scientific Instruments 89, no. 5 (2018): 055110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5001085.

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22

Bian, Xufei, Lan Jiang, Jing Zhou, et al. "Improving Dissolution and Cytotoxicity by Forming Multidrug Crystals." Molecules 25, no. 6 (2020): 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061343.

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Both rosiglitazone and metformin have effects on blood glucose regulation and the proliferation of liver cancer cells. Combination therapy with these two drugs is common and effective for the treatment of diabetes in the clinic, however, the application of these two drugs is influenced by the poor dissolution of rosiglitazone and the gastrointestinal side-effect of metformin resulting from a high solubility. The formation of a multidrug crystal form (Rsg-Met) by a solvent evaporation method can solve the solubility issue. Crystal structure data and intramolecular hydrogen bonds were detected by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Surprisingly, Rsg-Met shortens the time spent in solubility equilibrium and multiplies the dissolution rate of Rsg. Finally, we found that a low concentration of Rsg-Met enhanced the proliferation inhibition effect on liver cancer cells (HepG2, SK-hep1) compared with rosiglitazone, without affecting the human normal cell line LO2.
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23

Sevik, Yasar, and Ertugrul Durak. "Investigation of fretting wear in journal bearings." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 68, no. 4 (2016): 466–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-11-2015-0171.

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Purpose Fretting wear takes place when two contacting solid surfaces are subjected to relatively small amplitude oscillatory motion in the order of a few microns. The purpose of this paper is the design and manufacture of a fretting wear test rig that can analyze fretting wear on journal bearings. Design/methodology/approach This study included the manufacturing and operating principles of the test rig. In the test rig, the shaft was fixed and vibrational motion was given to the bearing housing. Vibration motion the amplitude of which could be adjusted was used on the test rig. The vibration motion was applied to a two-piece journal bearing on a fixed shaft supported from both ends. Findings Vibration amplitude was provided by a micro vibration engine (motor) to be under 100 μm. Originality/value Also, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction analyses of the samples were investigated.
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24

Rathod, Chandrahas, David Wexler, Vladimir Luzin, Paul Boyd, and Manicka Dhanasekar. "A Neutron Diffraction Investigation of Residual Stresses in Rail Ends after Severe Deformation of Rail Surfaces." Materials Science Forum 777 (February 2014): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.777.213.

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Insulated rail joints (IRJs) are a primary component of the rail track safety and signalling systems. Rails are supported by two fishplates which are fastened by bolts and nuts and, with the support of sleepers and track ballast, form an integrated assembly. IRJ failure can result from progressive defects, the propagation of which is influenced by residual stresses in the rail. Residual stresses change significantly during service due to the complex deformation and damage effects associated with wheel rolling, sliding and impact. IRJ failures can occur when metal flows over the insulated rail gap (typically 6-8 mm width), breaks the electrically isolated section of track and results in malfunction of the track signalling system. In this investigation, residual stress measurements were obtained from rail-ends which had undergone controlled amounts of surface plastic deformation using a full scale wheel-on-track simulation test rig. Results were compared with those obtained from similar investigations performed on rail ends associated with ex-service IRJs. Residual stresses were measured by neutron diffraction at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO). Measurements with constant gauge volume 3x3x3 mm3 were carried in the central vertical plane on 5mm thick sliced rail samples cut by an electric discharge machine (EDM). Stress evolution at the rail ends was found to exhibit characteristics similar to those of the ex-service rails, with a compressive zone of 5mm deep that is counterbalanced by a tension zone beneath, extending to a depth of around 15mm. However, in contrast to the ex-service rails, the type of stress distribution in the test-rig deformed samples was apparently different due to the localization of load under the particular test conditions. In the latter, in contrast with clear stress evolution, there was no obvious evolution of d0. Since d0 reflects rather long-term accumulation of crystal lattice damage and microstructural changes due to service load, the loading history of the test rig samples has not reached the same level as the ex-service rails. It is concluded that the wheel-on-rail simulation rig provides the potential capability for testing the wheel-rail rolling contact conditions in rails, rail ends and insulated rail joints.
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25

Humud, Hammad R. "Effect of Ag nanoparticles on R6G laser dye hosted by PMMA polymerized by plasma jet." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 14, no. 29 (2019): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v14i29.217.

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This work aim to prepare Ag/R6G/PMMA nanocomposite thinfilms by In-situ plasma polymerization and study the changes in theoptical properties of fluorophore due to the presence of Agnanoparticles structures in the vicinity of the R6G laser dye. Theconcentrations of R6G dye/MMA used are: 10-4M solutions wereprepared by dissolving the required quantity of the R6G dye inMMAMonomer. Then Silver nanoparticles with 50 average particlessize were mixed with MMAmonomer with concentration of 0.3, 0.5,0.7wt% to get R6G silver/MMA in liquid phase. The films weredeposited on glass substrates by dielectric barrier discharge plasmajet. The Ag/R6G/PMMA nanocomposite thin films werecharacterization by UV-Visible absorption spectra by using a doublebeam UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer and fluorescenceSpectrophotometer. The thin films surface morphological analysis iscarried out by employing an AFM and SEM. the structure analysisare achieved by X-ray diffraction. The thickness of the films wasmeasured by optical interferometric method. AFM analysis showsthat the surface roughness of plasma polymerized pure PMMA thinfilms was 2.7 nm and for (10-4 R6G + 0.7wt% Ag)Ag/R6G/PMMAthin films was 4.16 nm. The SEM images were indicates that Agnanoparticles (NPs) disperse in the PMMA matrix with uniformdistribution and formed mostly spherical NPs and slightlyagglomerate. Also the silver nanoparticles with 0.7wt%concentration enhances the absorption process by 2.3 times and thefluorescence by 1.7 times. it can be conclude, that the addition of lowconcentrations of silver nanoparticles to the PMMA/ R6G matrix waschanging the optical properties of the prepared nanocomposite thinfilms.
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26

Kwok, Jane, Kenrie P. Y. Hui, Julien Lescar, and Masayo Kotaka. "Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of full-length human RIG-I." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 70, no. 2 (2014): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x14000430.

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The human innate immune system can detect invasion by microbial pathogens through pattern-recognition receptors that recognize structurally conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like helicases (RLHs) are one of the two major families of pattern-recognition receptors that can detect viral RNA. RIG-I, belonging to the RLH family, is capable of recognizing intracellular viral RNA from RNA viruses, including influenza virus and Ebola virus. Here, full-length human RIG-I (hRIG-I) was cloned inEscherichia coliand expressed in a recombinant form with a His-SUMO tag. The protein was purified and crystallized at 291 K using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. X-ray diffraction data were collected to 2.85 Å resolution; the crystal belonged to space groupF23, with unit-cell parametersa = b=c= 216.43 Å, α = β = γ = 90°.
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27

Калиберда, М. Е., Л. Н. Литвиненко, and С. А. Погарский. "Diffraction of H-polarized wave by planar venetian-blind type grating." Radiotekhnika 2, no. 197 (2019): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/rt.2019.2.197.04.

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28

Taran, Yu V., A. M. Balagurov, Jürgen Schreiber, and Alexander M. Korsunsky. "Neutron Diffraction Analysis of Stresses in an In-Plane Biaxially-Fatigued Stainless Steel Sample of Cruciform Geometry." Materials Science Forum 571-572 (March 2008): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.571-572.131.

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An ex-situ in-plane biaxial low cycle fatigued sample of cruciform geometry made from austenitic stainless steel AISI 321 H was studied with the help of neutron diffraction strain scanning and also in-situ uniaxial loading using a stress rig on the FSD stress-diffractometer at the IBR-2 pulsed nuclear reactor (Dubna). The objectives of the experiment were to measure the macroscopic and microscopic residual stresses, crystallographic phase composition and the mechanical characteristics of the alloy under fatigue conditions. To the best of our knowledge, no neutron diffraction investigations of structural alloys subjected to biaxial loading have previously been reported. Experimental data interpretation and analysis are presented and discussed.
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Li, Xiaoqiang, Jialin Zhang, Zengyuan Pang, et al. "Photoelectrocatalytic decolorization of methylene blue using reduced graphene oxide modified TiO2 on filter paper." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 9 (2019): 1673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.425.

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Abstract In this work, titanium dioxide (TiO2) was modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and then coated on filter paper to prepare the rGT/FP photoelectrode for the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) decolorization of methylene blue (MB). The physicochemical properties of the rGT/FP photoelectrode were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The decolorization results demonstrated that the photocatalytic (PC) and electrocatalytic (EC) efficiency of the photoelectrode could be significantly improved by the modification of rGO. The improvement of PC and EC efficiency might attribute to the existence of rGO, which could extend the light-harvesting efficiency, promote the photocurrent response value and suppress the charge recombination. Furthermore, the PEC decolorization of MB using the rGT/FP photoelectrode presented higher efficiency than the sum of PC and EC decolorization, indicating the synergistic effect between the photo and electrical energy.
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30

Безуглий, А. В., та О. М. Петченко. "Diffraction of Н-polarised photons on the infinite grating of metallic ribbons". Radiotekhnika 2, № 197 (2019): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/rt.2019.2.197.05.

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31

Muslih, M. Refai, Ridwan, Iman Kuntoro, and Nobuaki Minakawa. "Applied Stress on Silicon Perfect Single Crystal for Controlling the Extinction Layer." Materials Science Forum 652 (May 2010): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.652.255.

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The extinct layer of Si(311) perfect single crystal has been investigated by neutron diffraction method with the residual stress diffractometer DN1-M installed at the experimental hall of Indonesian multipurpose reactor RSG-GAS, in Serpong, which provides micro beam and point detector arrangement. A Si(311) perfect single crystal with thickness of 5mm was used in this experiment. The crystal was finely polished at one side and roughly polished at the opposite one. It was measured that diffracted beam from the finely polished side shows very low intensity with narrow peak profile, while for the roughly polished surface, shows stronger and broaden peak. The diffraction layer of rough surface was determined to be 0.36mm, while the smooth one was 0.28mm. It was also found that in the direction of crystal thickness in between layers no diffraction peak was detected. By these experiments it was confirmed that the applied stress on Si(311) perfect single crystal produced thicker diffraction layer. This technique is one that can be used in order to enhance the total diffracted neutron, which is desired to produce a good monochromator system.
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Panigrahi, Pravas Kumar, and Amita Pathak. "Aqueous Medium Synthesis Route for Randomly Stacked Molybdenum Disulfide." Journal of Nanoparticles 2013 (April 18, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/671214.

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Synthesis of poorly crystalline, randomly oriented rag-like structures of molybdenum disulfide has been reported starting from aqueous solutions of ammonium molybdate, and thioacetamide in presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate via calcination of the amorphous precipitates, obtained through acidification of the in situ generated intermediate of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction of the calcined samples reveal the formation of single-phase MoS2, while the amorphous precipitates have been found to be a mixture of Mo2S5, MoS3, and a trace amount of H2MoS4. Highly folded and disordered layers of rag-like MoS2 have been confirmed through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The electrical conductivity for the cold pressed pellet of the MoS2 sample is found to be significantly higher than that of 2H-MoS2 and increases further on annealing.
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33

BHAT, KETAN, Maneesh Avadhani, Milind Gurav, Vadiraj Patil, and M. Krishna. "INVESTIGATION OF CONTACT FATIGUE AND OPERATING PERFORMANCE OF NI-WC COMPOSITE ELECTROCOATED GEARS." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 8, no. 1 (2015): 1472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v8i1.3605.

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The objective of the work was to evaluate contact fatigue and operating performance of electrodeposited Ni-WC composite coated gears using experimental technique. The electrodeposited Ni-WC coating was characterized for coating thickness, hardness and crystal structure using Electro-Physik gauge, Rockwell Hardness testing machine and X-Ray Diffraction respectively. The operation condition was estimated using designed test rig and vibration pick with CRO. The results show that coated gears are smoother in operation and offer more resistance to wear and fretting due to increased hardness.
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Tseng, Ching Fang, Ren Ya Yang, and Chien Hua Chen. "Influence of RTA Treatment on the Properties of ZnO-CeO2 Dielectric Films." Materials Science Forum 787 (April 2014): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.787.232.

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The electrical and physical properties of ZnO-CeO2 thin films on n-type Si (100) substrates have been examined by sol-gel method. In addition, the structures were heat treated at different temperatures from 600 to 700oC using the RTA (Rapid Thermal Annealing) process and investigated the influence of RTA effect on their properties. The diffraction pattern showed that the deposited films exhibited a polycrystalline microstructure. All films exhibited ZnO-CeO2 peaks orientation perpendicular to the substrate surface and the grain size with the dependent on annealing temperature. The dependence of the physical and electrical characteristics on various annealing temperatures was investigated.
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35

Valentini, Emilio, Alessio Benincasa, and Ciro Santus. "Bending Test Rig for Validating the Hole Drilling Method Residual Stress Measurement." Materials Science Forum 768-769 (September 2013): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.768-769.150.

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This paper shows a large validation activity of the strain gage Hole Drilling Method. The residual stress measurements can not be validated easily, unless with Round Robin activity and/or comparison with other residual stress measurements such as X-ray diffraction. An accurate validation procedure is reported in the present paper, using abending test rig. The bending stress experimentally simulated a residual stress (known with uncertainty lower than 1%) that was considered as the reference stress distribution. The results showed very accurate measurement in terms of relaxed strain distributions, that were compared with the prediction obtained with the Influence Function technique. The differences were in the order of 0.5 microepsilon as standard deviation on a large number of tests. The bending stress prediction was consequently very accurate and the stress differences were as small as 1 MPa showing the accuracy potentiality of the method.
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36

Quintero, A., M. Libera, C. Cabrai, C. Lavoie, and J. M. E. Harper. "Silicide Identification in Rta-Processed Ti Salicide by Analytical Electron Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (1997): 453–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600009156.

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Titanium suicides have low resistivity, low contact resistance, and are widely used as interconnects in electronic devices. The most desirable structure is the C54 variant of titanium disilicide (TiSi2). It is typically formed during thermal annealing by a polymorphic transformation from the C49 TiSi2 structure. The C49 to C54 transformation has been studied extensively and there has been substantial effort to devise ways in which to lower the temperature associated with this transformation. This research uses high-resolution imaging (HREM), convergent-beam diffraction (CBED), and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDS) to study the development of suicide morphology in response to rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Two sets of specimens have been studied: (i) 32nm Ti thin films on undoped single-crystal Si substrates [Ti/Si] and (ii) 32nm Ti films separated from an undoped single-crystal Si substrate by a 0.12nm thick Mo interlayer [Ti/Mo/Si]. This paper shows structures formed after RTA at a ramp rate 3 °C/sec to 750 °C with a hold of 1 sec
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LIN, JIANPING, HUIQING LAN, WEIFENG ZHENG, YAN QU, and FACHUN LAI. "SILVER NANOPARTICLES FILMS DEPOSITED ON AAO TEMPLATES BY THERMAL EVAPORATION FOR SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING OF R6G." Nano 07, no. 06 (2012): 1250048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292012500488.

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Silver nanoparticles (NPs) films with different nominal thicknesses were deposited on the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with pore diameter about 200 nm by thermal evaporation. These NPs films were used as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrates. The microstructure and surface morphology of the films were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The SERS activity of the films was investigated by Raman scattering of adsorbed rhodamine 6G (R6G) at different concentrations. The results revealed that the average diameter of Ag NPs in different samples is 58 nm, 75 nm, 93 nm and 108 nm, respectively. Ag NPs film on AAO template is very suitable as a SERS active substrate and can detect R6G molecules with a concentration of 10-8 M. The intensity of the SERS spectra is related to both the Ag NPs size and interparticle distance. The sample with an average particle diameter of 93 nm has the highest SERS enhancement factor (1.3 × 106).
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38

Gegner, Jürgen, and Wolfgang Nierlich. "Service Loading Analysis of Wind Turbine Gearbox Rolling Bearings Based on X-Ray Diffraction Residual Stress Measurements." Materials Science Forum 768-769 (September 2013): 723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.768-769.723.

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Rolling bearings in wind turbine gearboxes occasionally fail prematurely by so-called white etching cracks. The appearance of the damage indicates brittle spontaneous tensile stress induced surface cracking followed by corrosion fatigue driven crack growth. An X-ray diffraction based residual stress analysis reveals vibrations in service as the root cause. The occurrence of high local friction coefficients in the rolling contact is described by a tribological model. Depth profiles of the equivalent shear and normal stresses are compared with residual stress patterns and a relevant fracture strength, respectively. White etching crack failures are reproduced on a rolling contact fatigue test rig under increased mixed friction. Causative vibration loading is evident from residual stress measurements. Cold working compressive residual stresses are an effective countermeasure.
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39

Liu, Hai Xing, Jing Zhong Xiao, Lan Xu, Vitor Hugo Nunes Rodrigues, Manuela Ramos Marques da Silva, and Xi Shi Tai. "Study on Novel Structure of Nitric Acid Phenanthroline Vanadium Monohydrate: [ V(C12H8N2) ·O2·(H2O)]·NO3·H2O." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 852–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.852.

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A new vanadium complex [ V(C12H8N2) ·O2·(H2O)]·NO3·H2O h as been synthesized from a simple reaction and the crystal structure has been determined by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Monoclinic, P2(1)/c. a = 9.5137(2) Å b = 19.3181(4) Å c = 7.51800(10) Å α=γ=90 β= 93.6830. V= 1378.85(4) Å3. Z=2. Rgt(F) = 0.0255, wRref(F2) = 0.0809. T= 273(2) K. The compound consisted of a [ V(C12H8N2) ·O2·(H2O)]+ cation, one NO3-anion and one water molecular. Molecule structure is stabilized by OHN , OHO intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
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40

Hoelzel, Markus, Manuel Hinterstein, Peter Kadletz, and Wolfgang Schmahl. "Neutron diffraction on functional materials under electric field or mech. load." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314099434.

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In this contribution neutron diffraction studies on functional materials under special environmenal conditions will be presented. In particular, studies of ferroelectric ceramics under high electric fields as well as shape memory alloys under mechanical load will be highlighted. The investigations were carried out at the high-resolution neutron powder diffractometer SPODI (FRM II / Garching n. Munich) which offers special sample environmenal tools for electric fields, mechanical load etc. In-situ studies on ferroelectrics under the influence of high electric fields enable to establish correlations between the macroscopic poling behaviour and corresponding structural changes. The investigations were carried out on technologically applied lead zirconate titanate based samples and on a bismuth sodium titanate based system. A self-designed device allows the investigation of large bulk samples under different orientations of the electric field. This method allows to analyze the poling mechanisms in technical ferroelectrics, such as piezoelectric effect, domain reorientation and phase transformations. In the system Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 - BaTiO3 – K0.5Na0.5NbO3 the large recoverable field-induced strain could be attributed to a reversible field-induced phase transition from an almost non-polar, pseudocubic tetragonal phase to a distorted, ferroelectric active phase [1]. Polycristalline monoclinic nickel-titanium shape memory alloys have been investigated under mechanical load to analyze their stress-strain behaviour and to derive the elastic constants. A novel tensile rig allows to orient the load axis in a Eulerian cradle like manner. The elastic constants tensor could be calculated based on a series of diffraction patterns under different sample orientations in the initial state and under 0.6 % strain. Furthermore the contributions of elastic deformation (lattice dilatation) and inelastic deformation (orentation of twins) to the total strain could be separated.
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41

Rowson, Matthew, Chris J. Bennett, Mohammed A. Azeem, et al. "Observation of microstructure evolution during inertia friction welding using in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 28, no. 3 (2021): 790–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577521001569.

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The widespread use and development of inertia friction welding is currently restricted by an incomplete understanding of the deformation mechanisms and microstructure evolution during the process. Understanding phase transformations and lattice strains during inertia friction welding is essential for the development of robust numerical models capable of determining optimized process parameters and reducing the requirement for costly experimental trials. A unique compact rig has been designed and used in-situ with a high-speed synchrotron X-ray diffraction instrument to investigate the microstructure evolution during inertia friction welding of a high-carbon steel (BS1407). At the contact interface, the transformation from ferrite to austenite was captured in great detail, allowing for analysis of the phase fractions during the process. Measurement of the thermal response of the weld reveals that the transformation to austenite occurs 230 °C below the equilibrium start temperature of 725 °C. It is concluded that the localization of large strains around the contact interface produced as the specimens deform assists this non-equilibrium phase transformation.
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42

Zhou, Ming Tao, Peng Xi Zhu, Yue Zhao, et al. "The Preparation and Optical Properties of Ag/ZnO Composite Materials." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.232.

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A simple, two-step fabrication technique was presented to prepare the Ag/ZnO hybrid nanostructures using silver nitrate and zinc nitrate. Silver particles were synthesized by chemical reduction method and the ZnO layer was coated on the surface of silver using wet chemical method. The microstructure, the composition and the optical properties of the obtained materials were further characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence (FL) spectroscopy. The results showed that the silver and zinc oxide composite had been successful prepared. The intensity of fluorescence showed an enhancement of R6G (dye) indicate that ZnO shell had an improvement on the silver metal enhance fluorescence.
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43

Taran, Yu V., Jürgen Schreiber, Mark R. Daymond, and E. C. Oliver. "Fatigue Degradation and Martensitic Transformation of Austenitic Stainless Steel AlSi 321: New Results and Prospects." Materials Science Forum 524-525 (September 2006): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.524-525.899.

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On ECRS-6 [1], we have presented first results of the researches of fatigue degradation and martensitic transformation of austenitic stainless steel AISI 321 by neutron diffraction stress analysis. A series of samples preliminary ex-situ cyclically fatigued at the frequency of 5 and 0.5 Hz was in-situ tested on the stress rig of the ENGIN instrument. In the high cycle fatigued (HCF) samples, the applied stress-elastic strain responses of austenite and martensite phases were find out to be strongly different as compared to the low cycle fatigued (LCF) samples, in which they are close. Moreover, the martensite Poisson ratio in the HCF-samples is almost twice to that of observed 0.28-0.30 in austenite and in both phases of the LCF-samples. With the purpose to search the reason of such unusual behavior of the martensite phase, one of the HCF-samples has been anew in-situ tested on the stress rig of the ENGIN-X in: 1) a LCF-mode at the frequency of 0.1 Hz to increase the fatigue level, and 2) a quasistatic mode to measure the applied stress-elastic strain responses of both phases. Also, two of the LCF-samples have been subjected to the ex-situ secondary HCF-testing at the frequency of 5 Hz and again in-situ measured on the ENGIN-X stress rig. Results of the mechanical characterization of phases in the twice fatigued austenitic stainless steel are presented and discussed.
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44

Feng, Qi, Shao Yuan Li, Wen Hui Ma, Xiao He, and Yu Xin Zou. "Hydrothermal Synthesis of Flower-Like CuO/ZnO/SiNWs Photocatalyst for Degradation of R6G under Visible Light Irradiation." Key Engineering Materials 727 (January 2017): 847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.727.847.

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Flower-like CuO/ZnO/SiNWs nanostructures were successfully synthesized on SiNWs substrates using a simple hydrothermal method. The characteristics of the CuO/ZnO/SiNWs nanostructures were investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV–vis spectrophotometer. SEM images revealed shape transitions when the precursor mass ratic increased from 50:50 to 5:95. The strong intensity and narrow width of XRD peaks indicate that CuO/ZnO nanostructures with high molarities have good crystallinity. The UV–vis spectro-photometer indicate that ultraviolet emissions shift slightly toward lower wavelengths with incr-easing precursor solution molarity and that the intensity increases with improvement in CuO/ZnO/SiNWs crystallization.The mechanism of CuO/ZnO/SiNWs for improvement in photocatalytic activity was also discussed.
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45

Singh, Preeti, Mohd Hasmuddin, Rajveer Singh, M. A. Wahab, and Mohd Shkir. "Structural Investigation on R6G Dye and PbI2 Doped KDP Single Crystals by Using Powder X-ray Diffraction." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 4, no. 5 (2012): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2012.1185.

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46

Kazachenko, Aleksandr S., Feride Akman, Hafedh Abdelmoulahi, et al. "Intermolecular hydrogen bonds interactions in water clusters of ammonium sulfamate: FTIR, X-ray diffraction, AIM, DFT, RDG, ELF, NBO analysis." Journal of Molecular Liquids 342 (November 2021): 117475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117475.

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47

Liu, Hai Xing, Fang Fang Jian, Jing Wang, Guang Zeng, Hui Juan Yue, and Xi Shi Tai. "Study on Novel Structure of Potassium Borate Hydrate: K(H4B5O10)·2(H2O)." Key Engineering Materials 531-532 (December 2012): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.409.

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Numerous stable complexes of boric acid with polyhydroxy compounds, including tartaric, salicylic, citric, malic, and other acids, are known. The structure of some compounds contains polyanion. In this paper, a novel potassium borate hydrate [K(H4B5O10) •2(H2O)] has been synthesized from a solution reaction and the crystal structure has been determined by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Orthorhombic, Aba2. a = 11.0781(14) Å b = 11.1780(15) Å c = 9.0508(11) Å α=β=γ=90°. V= 1120.8(2) Å3. Z=4. Rgt = 0.0244, wRref = 0.0623. T= 298 K. The crystal packing is stabilized by O-H...O hydrogen bonds interaction and three dimensional framwork structure is formed. The work is originality and has a new crystallographic structure shape.
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48

Nguyen, Long Hoang, Thanh Ha Nguyen, Tuan Anh Dao, Ke Huu Nguyen, and Hung Vu Tuan Le. "Study on the effect of Ag nanoparticles density on ZnO/Ag nanostructure to enhance raman signals of SERS substrate on abamectin." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 5, no. 2 (2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v5i2.971.

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This study investigated the effect of changing the density of Ag nanoparticles on the ZnO/Ag nanorod structure on the SERS substrate signal amplification ability. First, ZnO nanorods were fabricated by the sol - gel method combining with the chemical bath deposition method. Next, the Ag nanoparticles were decorated on ZnO nanorods by the DC magnetron sputtering method. The density and size of the modified Ag nanoparticles on the ZnO nanorods were changed by adjusting the sputtering times to 5, 10, 15 and 20s respectively. The optical properties of the material are characterized by UV - Vis and PL measurements. The surface morphology of ZnO nanorods and Ag nanoparticles were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD) is used to examine the crystal structures of materials. The composition and distribution of the chemical elements inside the material were investigated by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The ability of SERS substrates to amplify Raman signals was evaluated by measuring the R6G solution and investigating application for abamectin with a laser excitation wavelength of 532 nm. The results showed that SERS ZnO/Ag substrates with sputtering time of 15s gave the best ability to amplify SERS with the detection of R6G solution at 10􀀀9 M and abamectin at 50 ppm.
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49

Liu, Hai Xing, Hua Mei Guo, Jing Zhong Xiao, Guang Zeng, Hui Juan Yue, and Xi Shi Tai. "Study on Novel Structure of Mn-Di(3,4,6,7-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) Dichloride: [Mn(C16H16N2)2]·Cl2." Key Engineering Materials 531-532 (December 2012): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.413.

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Metal complexes containing diimine ligands such as 1,10-phenanthroline and bipyridine are very important and widely used in analytical chemistry, catalysis, electrochemistry, ring-opening metathesis polymerization and biochemistry. 1,10-phenanthroline, which is the parent for important class chelating agents, has been widely used in the construction of supramolecular architectures. Lots of phenanthroline and its derivatives complex have been synthesized and reported. In the paper, a novel Mn and 3,4,6,7-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline complex [Mn(C16H16N2)2] •Cl2 has been synthesized from a solution reaction and the crystal structure has been determined by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. [Mn(C16H16N2)2] •Cl2, Orthorhombic, Pnna. a = 8.8376(8)Å b = 18.3630(17)Å c = 18.0159(18)Å α=β=γ=90°. V= 2923.7(5)Å3. Z=4. Rgt(F) = 0.0341, wRref(F2) = 0.0958. T= 273(2) K. The novel Mn metal complex structure is explained clearly.
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50

Stewart, P. A. E. "Neutron and Positron Techniques for Fluid Transfer System Analysis and Remote Temperature and Stress Measurement." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 110, no. 2 (1988): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240118.

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Nonintrusive radiation techniques have been routinely used, since 1970, for the determination of metal component movements and clearances within engines using high-energy x-rays. Oil system operation was first analyzed using “cold” neutrons in 1975 and, since 1980, positron-emitting isotope tomography has been developed using multiwire proportional counters to determine the X, Y, and Z coordinates of labeled oil volumes within engines. The tomographic system will allow a plane-by-plane inspection across an engine or rig to be carried out using radioisotope images overlaid by an engine general arrangement drawing. It is presently proposed that epithermal neutrons may be used for remote, noninvasive metal temperature measurement within engines or rigs. Finally, neutron diffraction may also be used for internal stress determination within compressor or turbine disks. Consideration is being given to carrying out remote stress measurements in a spinning pit or, perhaps, within an engine using this technique.
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