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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „SEN'S SLOPE“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "SEN'S SLOPE"
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Vishwakarma, Ankur, Mahendra Kumar Choudhary und Mrityunjay Singh Chauhan. „Applicability of SPI and RDI for forthcoming drought events: a non-parametric trend and one way ANOVA approach“. Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, S1 (13.07.2020): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2020.042.
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Abstract Monthly, seasonal and annual trends of rainfall and temperature (both minimum and maximum) have been analyzed using the Mann–Kendall trend test (a non-parametric test) and Sen's slope estimator for Sagar division, India from 1988 to 2018. Sagar division is a drought-prone zone of Madhya Pradesh, India. The same analysis has been performed for two drought indices, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI). Both indices were calculated to see the trend in the drought for 35 rain-gauge stations belonging to the study area. The study revealed that the minimum temperature had increased more than the maximum temperature in the last 31 years. The strong similarity in the results of Sen's slope of SPI and RDI were seen for both significant and non-significant trends. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) testing validates the substantial similarity between SPI and RDI based on Sen's slope. It also indicated the suitability of RDI for future projection of drought using the general circulation models (GCMs) or regional climate models (RCMs) in meteorological drought as well as the agricultural drought category. In contrast, the SPI indicated the meteorological drought only. The distribution of trends of temperature and drought indices were presented using the kriging interpolation.
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D. Wale, Vishal, V. A. Sthool, D. Jadhav und S. K. Upadhye. „Trend Analysis of Rainfall and Rainy Days using Mann Kendall Method and Sen’s Slope Estimator Atpadi Tahsil of Sangli District of Maharashtra“. Journal of Agriculture Research and Technology 47, Nr. 01 (2022): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.56228/jart.2022.47111.
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The study has been carried out to investigate and assess the significance of the potential trend of rainfall and rainy days over the Atpadi tahsil of Sangli district of Maharashtra. In this study, trend analysis has been carried out on annual, seasonal, monthly and weekly basis using the data period between 1982 to 2018 for rainfall and rainy days. Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimate test were applied to identify the existing trend direction and Sen's slope estimator test were used to detect the trend direction and magnitude of change over time. The test results showed increasing rainfall and rainy days trend over the Atpadi tahsil for annual, seasonal (winter and southwest monsoon), monthly (June, August and September) and weekly (MW23, MW25, MW27, MW31, MW34-MW37, MW42 and MW46) time series.
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Wale, V. D., J. D. Jadhav, V. A. Sthool und S. K. Upadhye. „Rainfall and Rainy Days Trend Analysis in Miraj Tahsil of Sangli District“. Journal of Agriculture Research and Technology 47, Nr. 01 (2022): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56228/jart.2022.47106.
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The study has been carried out to investigate and asses the significance of the potential trend on annual, seasonal and monthly basis using the data period between 1982 to 2018 for rainfall and rainy days. MannKendall test and Sen's slope estimate test were applied to identify the existing trend direction and Sen's slope estimator test were used to detect the trend direction and magnitude of change over time. The test results showed increasing annual rainfall and rainy days trend over the tahsil. The seasonal rainfall and rainy days showed decreasing trend for summer season and decreasing trend for northeast monsoon and southwest monsoon seasons. The monthly rainfall and rainy days trend showed increasing trend for July to November months and decreasing days for May month. The weekly rainfall and rainy days trend showed decreasing trend for MW21-MW24, MW30, MW33 and MW43-MW45.
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PANDYA, PA, D. K. DWIVEDI, BIMAL PRACHI, SHIMVAM AHIRWAR und NAITA KUMARI. „Trend and Seasonal Analysis of Annual One Day Maximum Rainfall“. JOURNAL OF AGRISEARCH 9, Nr. 03 (03.09.2021): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21921/jas.v9i03.11014.
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Saurashtra region is characterized by high temporal and spatial rainfall fluctuations. The daily maximum rainfall has a direct impact on the agricultural yield. It is thereby necessary to comprehend the trend changes in the annual daily maximum rainfall (ADMR). The daily rainfall data of 40 years (1981 to 2020), for 11 stations in Saurashtra was utilized for trend analysis of ADMRusing Mann Kendall's method and Sen's slope method. It was revealed from the Mann-Kendall test that significant positive trends were exhibited at Dwarka and Surendranagar. Further, Sen's slope and linear regression indicated that the ADMRat Rajkot and Surendranagar were having highest increasing trend. Trend analysis of ADMRcontribution to annual rainfall showed negative trend indicating better temporal distribution of rainfall. It was also revealed that the extreme events of rainfall usually occurred uniformly on certain days of the year from the results of directional statistics.
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Jiménez-Ruano, Adrián, Marcos Rodrigues Mimbrero und Juan de la Riva Fernández. „Exploring spatial–temporal dynamics of fire regime features in mainland Spain“. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, Nr. 10 (04.10.2017): 1697–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1697-2017.
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Abstract. This paper explores spatial–temporal dynamics in fire regime features, such as fire frequency, burnt area, large fires and natural- and human-caused fires, as an essential part of fire regime characterization. Changes in fire features are analysed at different spatial – regional and provincial/NUTS3 – levels, together with summer and winter temporal scales, using historical fire data from Spain for the period 1974–2013. Temporal shifts in fire features are investigated by means of change point detection procedures – Pettitt test, AMOC (at most one change), PELT (pruned exact linear time) and BinSeg (binary segmentation) – at a regional level to identify changes in the time series of the features. A trend analysis was conducted using the Mann–Kendall and Sen's slope tests at both the regional and NUTS3 level. Finally, we applied a principal component analysis (PCA) and varimax rotation to trend outputs – mainly Sen's slope values – to summarize overall temporal behaviour and to explore potential links in the evolution of fire features. Our results suggest that most fire features show remarkable shifts between the late 1980s and the first half of the 1990s. Mann–Kendall outputs revealed negative trends in the Mediterranean region. Results from Sen's slope suggest high spatial and intra-annual variability across the study area. Fire activity related to human sources seems to be experiencing an overall decrease in the northwestern provinces, particularly pronounced during summer. Similarly, the Hinterland and the Mediterranean coast are gradually becoming less fire affected. Finally, PCA enabled trends to be synthesized into four main components: winter fire frequency (PC1), summer burnt area (PC2), large fires (PC3) and natural fires (PC4).
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KHOSRAVI, YOUNES, HASAN LASHKARI und HOSEIN ASAKEREH. „Water vapor pressure trends in south and southwest Iran“. MAUSAM 68, Nr. 2 (30.11.2021): 335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v68i2.636.
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Recognitionanddetectionofclimaticparameters inhave animportant role inclimate change monitoring. In this study, the analysis of oneofthe most importantparameters, water vapor pressure (WVP), was investigated. For this purpose, two non-parametric techniques, Mann-Kendall and Sen's Slope Estimator, were used to analyze the WVP trend and to determine the magnitude of the trends, respectively. To analyze these tests, ground station observations [10 stations for period of 44 years (1967-2010)] and gridded data [pixels with the dimension of 9 × 9 km over a 30-year period (1981-2010)] in South and SouthwestofIran were used. By programming in MATLAB software, the monthly, seasonal and annual WVP time series were extracted and MK and Sen's slope estimator tests were done. The results of monthly MK test on ground station observations showed that the significant downward trends are more considerable than significant upward trends. It also showed that the WVP highest frequency was more in warm months, April to September and the highest frequency of significant trends slope was in February and May. The spatial distribution of MK test of monthly gridded WVP time series showed that the upward trends were detected mostly in western zone and near the Persian Gulf in August. On the other hand, the downward trends through months. The maximum and minimum values of positive trends slope occurred in warm months and cold months, respectively. The analysis of the MK test of the annual WVP time series indicated the upward significant trends in the southeast and southwest zones of study area.
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Thakur, Aradhana, Prabhash Kumar Mishra, A. K. Nema und Souranshu Prasad Sahoo. „Spatiotemporal Pattern Assessment of Precipitation for the Wainganga Sub-Basin“. Current World Environment 15, Nr. 3 (30.12.2020): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.15.3.15.
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Precipitation is the major component of a hydrologic system, which significantly influences the planning and management of the water resources. The present study is principally concerned with the shifting of precipitation patterns over time. This study attempted to explain the precipitation trend for 65 years (1951-2015) using a Mann-Kendall test (MK test) and trend magnitude by Sen's slope estimator. Daily gridded data procured from India Meteorological Department (IMD) of 0.25º × 0.25º degrees to find the monthly and seasonal variability of precipitation. Eighty-five grids were falling in the basin processed for the periods from 1951 to 2015. The statistical analysis revealed that the average annual precipitation (AAP) and monsoon precipitation following the insignificant downward trend with Z statistics 0.10 and 1.23 and Sen's slope 0.79 and 0.76, respectively, over the basin. The shift analysis shows the AAP and monsoon precipitation increased significantly during 1951-61, whereas during the 1962-2015 rise in precipitation was insignificant. That changes in precipitation over the Wainganga sub-basin (WSB) may occur probably due to a rising trend of temperature. Therefore, nature-based climate solutions are the best way to endure the condition.
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DATTA, DEBARATI, SAON BANERJEE, GOURANGA KAR, SOURAV GHOSH und SARATHI SAHA. „Spatio-temporal dynamics of temperature and rainfall across jute growing districts of India“. MAUSAM 73, Nr. 2 (31.03.2022): 373–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v73i2.569.
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Climate variations in relation to meteorological variables has received global attention and thus study of the spatiotemporal dynamics of temperature, rainfall is the central process to assess climate-induced changes and advocate feasible adaptation strategies. The present study examines changes in rainfall and temperature over 5 important jute growing districts of West Bengal, India. Both rainfall and temperature trend for period of 1980-2019 were analysed using Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator. Analysis of the data for 39 years revealed that while Howrah and Hooghly district had decreasing rainfall trend, Burdwan and Nadia districts showed increasing trend of rainfall during jute growing period. North-24 Parganas recorded negative rainfall trend. Compared with rainfall, lesser variability of temperature was recorded for all the districts except Burdwan. The positive Sen’s Slope exhibited by Nadia and North-24 Parganas showed an increasing temperature trend. The results herein suggests that jute sowing should be done by March end-April to take advantage of the optimum temperature (25-35 °C) and rainfall due to Norwesters. Thus, studying spatio- temporal dynamics of temperature and rainfall across jute growing states of West Bengal will be helpful for climate change adaptation and successful cropping.
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Mohd Wani, John, V. K. Sarda und Sanjay K. Jain. „Assessment of Trends and Variability of Rainfall and Temperature for the District of Mandi in Himachal Pradesh, India“. Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 25, Nr. 3 (01.09.2017): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjce-2017-0014.
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Abstract Climate variability, particularly, that of the annual air temperature and precipitation, has received a great deal of attention worldwide. The magnitude of the variability of the factors changes according to the locations. The present study focuses on detecting the trends and variability in the annual temperature and rainfall for the district of Mandi in Himachal Pradesh, India. This study used annual and monsoon time series data for the time period 1981-2010 and modified the Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator in analyzing the problem. The results of the analysis indicate that the annual maximum temperature (TMX) and annual minimum temperature (TMN) for the period of 30 years have shown an increasing trend, whereas the monsoon’s maximum and minimum temperatures have shown a decreasing trend, although it is statistically not significant. The amount of annual rainfall does not show any significant trend, but the monsoonal rainfall has shown an increasing trend that is also statistically not significant. The resulting Mann-Kendall test statistic (Z) and Sen’s slope estimate (Q) of all the parameters studied indicate that changes are occurring in the magnitude and timing of the precipitation and temperature events at the Mandi station.
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Garba, Haruna, und Udeme Udeme Udokpoh. „Analysis of Trend in Meteorological and Hydrological Time-series using Mann-Kendall and Sen’s Slope Estimator Statistical Test in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria“. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, Nr. 10 (24.08.2023): 1017–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102748.
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The monthly, seasonal, annual, and decadal trends of seven hydro-meteorological variables were analysed for stations in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, controlled by the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) and the Cross River Basin Development Authority (CRBDA) from 1972 to 2021. At the 5% statistical significance level, the non-parametric Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator techniques were used to detect if there was a positive or negative trend and the magnitude of the trend in hydro-meteorological data. In the present study, there was a significant statistically increasing (positive) trend in mean seasonal and annual rainfall, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and runoff. However, there was a significant statistically decreasing (negative) trend in average annual relative humidity, solar radiation, and potential evapotranspiration. The magnitudes of the trends were 19.39mm/year, 0.0314oC/year, 0.013oC/year, -0.104%/year, -8.78MJ/m2/year, -1.440mm/year, and 0.028m3/s/year for annual rainfall, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, PET, and runoff, respectively. The rising trends in precipitation, temperature, and runoff in this research area show that this region is subject to climatic variability. The results of the Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator statistical tests revealed the consistency of performance in the detection of the trend for the hydro-meteorological variables.
Dissertationen zum Thema "SEN'S SLOPE"
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MATHUR, SHIVANG. „TREND ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATION & TEMPERATURE PATTERN FOR KONKAN DIVISION OF MAHARASHTRA, INDIA“. Thesis, 2022. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/19727.
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The significant objective of the present study is to examine trends in rainfall and temperatures in all seven districts of the state of Maharashtra. Maharashtra is an Indian state along the western coast of the sea. This study examined seasonal and annual precipitation trends, minimum and maximum temperature and their fluctuations in the Konkar division of state from 1981-2020 (41 years) in terms of spatial and temporal homogeneity .The vulnerabilities were examined and analysed using mathematical and statistical trend analysis techniques such as the Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator .There are increasing trends in some months based on precipitation and temperature, and no trends for some months based on temperature and precipitation for all seven districts in Maharashtra .Over the course of 41 years, the research has found a considerable increase in both seasonal and annual rainfall.
Buchteile zum Thema "SEN'S SLOPE"
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Soni, Deepak Kumar, Yug Pratap Singh, Vishal Singh und Varun Rawat. „Trend Analysis of Air Quality of Greater Noida Using Mann–Kendall and Sen’s Slope Methods“. In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1–9. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1388-6_1.
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Rani, Seema. „Assessment of Annual, Monthly, and Seasonal Trends in the Long Term Rainfall of the Garhwal Himalayas“. In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 222–41. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8814-8.ch011.
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Climate change is one of the very significant apprehension argued in the recent two decades. Its influence on rainfall has brought in considerable attention worldwide. Hence, this chapter focuses on assessing the trends in the rainfall during 1901-2012 in the Dehradun, Haridwar, Uttarkashi, Tehri-Garhwal, Pauri-Garhwal, Rudraprayag and Chamoli districts of the Garhwal Himalayas by applying non-parametric Mann-Kendall and the Theil-Sen's Slope Estimator tests for the determination of trend and its magnitude. The findings revealed a statistically significant positive trend in annual and monthly rainfall (May and July) of Dehradun district. Rainfall shows a statistically significant positive trend in May (Haridwar and Tehri Garhwal) and a significant negative trend in January (Uttarkashi and Chamoli). On the other hand, Pauri Garhwal and Rudraprayag indicates no significant trend in monthly rainfall. An insignificant trend has also been observed in seasonal rainfall of most of the districts. Annual, monthly and seasonal rainfall shown no particular pattern in the region.
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Kumar, Utkarsh, Rashmi, Dhirendra Kumar Singh, Suresh Chandra Panday, Manoj Parihar, Jaideep Kumar Bisht und Lakshmi Kant. „Trend Analysis of Streamflow and Rainfall in the Kosi River Basin of Mid-Himalaya of Kumaon Region, Uttarakhand“. In River Basin Management - Under a Changing Climate [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107920.
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Due to climate change phenomenon and substantial decrease in water resources, analyzing the streamflow trend is of significant importance. In the present study, investigation was carried out to find rainfall and streamflow trends in the Kosi river watershed at different timescales from 1986 to 2016. Kosi river is one of the principal rivers in the Kumaon region. The different methods employed for trend detection of streamflow and rainfall were the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and the Sen’s slope (SS) estimator. Results showed a statistically significant decreasing trend in pre-monsoonal and annual rainfall with a Sen’s slope of -2.27 and -1.49 mm/year, respectively. The decreasing trends in pre-monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter streamflow were found during 1986–2016, which were not statistically significant. The results of the study help in understanding the variation and availability of rainfall and streamflow in different seasons of the year and motivate to adopt effective water management and agricultural practices for rainfed hills.
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Gedefaw, Mohammed. „Trends of Climate Variability over Two Different Eco-Regions of Ethiopia“. In Global Warming - A Concerning Component of Climate Change [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1001819.
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This topic mainly focuses on the climate trends of two eco regions, which represents the whole part of Ethiopia based on climate variations. Ethiopia. Mann Kendall test, Sen’s slope estimator test and Innovative trend analysis methods were used to detect precipitation and temperature trends. The observed historical meteorological data from 1980-2016 were used to analyze the trends in this study.The finding of this study showed that, the trends of precipitation was statistically significant positive trend in highland eco-regions.The consistency in precipitation and temperature trends over two Eco-Regions of Ethiopia confirms the robustness of the change in the trends.
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Sun, Lingkai, und Zichen Hu. „Nonstationary Characteristics of Precipitation and Flood Response Under Changing Environment in Taihu Basin, China“. In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220326.
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Change of the environment, namely climate change and human activities, is influencing hydrological cycles globally. Nonstationary changes have been widely detected in precipitation series, which has significantly increased the flood risk in various areas. Taking Taihu Basin as the typical study area, the nonstationary characteristics of precipitation are analyzed through the Mann-Kendall trend test, Pettitt abrupt change test, Sen’s slope estimator and Seasonality Index in this study. Spatial distributed daily precipitation data during 1979–2017 is used. An 1D-2D coupling hydrodynamic model is built by MIKE Zero to simulate the change of flood risk under the nonstationarity of precipitation. According to the results of statistical analysis, the precipitation of Taihu Basin shows increasing trends in various temporal and spatial scales. Especially, the torrential rain and extreme precipitation, which are the main cause of flood disasters of the basin, are increasing significantly especially in highly urbanized areas such as Shanghai city. According to simulation results, the increase of flood risk shows high correlation with the nonstationary change of precipitation. The results indicate a great impact of climate change and urbanization on the regional flood risk, which must be well solved during social and economic sustainable development.
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Rangeti, Innocent, und Bloodless (Rimuka) Dzwairo. „uMngeni Basin Water Quality Trend Analysis for River Health and Treatability Fitness“. In River Basin Management - Sustainability Issues and Planning Strategies. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94844.
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One of the main challenges facing the potable water production industry is deterioration of the quality of raw water. Drinking water that does not meet quality standards is unfit for consumption. Yet, this quality is a function of various factors, key among them being quality of the raw water from which it is processed. This is because costs related to potable water treatment are related to the nature of raw water pollutants and the degree of pollution. Additionally, survival of aquatic species depends on self-purification of the water bodies through attenuation of pollutants, therefore, if this process is not efficient it might result in dwindling of the aquatic life. Hence, this chapter presents spatial and temporal water quality trends along uMngeni Basin, a critical raw water source for KwaZulu-Natal Province, in South Africa. As at 2014 the basin served about 3.8 million people with potable water. Results from this study are discussed in relation to uMngeni River’s health status and fitness for production of potable water treatment. Time-series and box plots of 11 water quality variables that were monitored at six stations over a period of eight years (2005 to 2012), were drawn and analysed. The Mann Kendall Trend Test and the Sen’s Slope Estimator were employed to test and quantify the magnitude of the quality trends, respectively. Findings showed that raw water (untreated) along uMngeni River was unfit for drinking purposes mainly because of high levels of Escherichia coli. However, the observed monthly average dissolved oxygen of 7 mg/L, that was observed on all stations, suggests that the raw water still met acceptable guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. It was noted that algae and turbidity levels peaked during the wet season (November to April), and these values directly relate to chlorine and polymer dosages during potable water treatment.
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Wohl, Ellen. „December: Saving the Dammed“. In Saving the Dammed. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190943523.003.0015.
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At the nadir of the year, this is how morning comes to the beaver meadow. Just as the sun rises above the eastern horizon, a flush of pale rose lights the snow newly fallen on the highest peaks. The beaver meadow remains in shadow, silent but for the creek flowing quietly between its rims of ice. The air temperature is well below freezing and frost whitens the pine needles like a dark-haired person starting to go gray. Wisps and sheets of snow flag off the summits in the steady wind. Over the course of a few minutes, the summit snow warms from pale rose to faint orange and then a rich, warm gold that also lights the rock outcrops at lower elevations. The wind reaches the beaver meadow before the sunlight, coming in abrupt blasts that shake loose the little tufts of snow remaining on the pine boughs. The wind sends the snow crystals slaloming across the ice on the creek with a dry, skittering sound like that of blowing sand. Before long, the meadow is submerged in a continual rushing sound created by wind gusting through the pines up slope, along the valley walls. The lateral moraine to the south keeps the beaver meadow in shadow until 9:30 a.m. Nothing is so slow as waiting for the warmth of sunlight on a cold winter morning. When the sunlight does reach the meadow, it brings out the colors of water, ice, grasses, and willows. Flowing portions of the creek change from gray to orange brown. The snow reflects the light in a painfully intense glare broken by the deep, long shadows that everything casts. With the sunlight comes a steady wind that blasts the crystalline snow onto my face like grit. Not much snow has fallen yet, but North St. Vrain Creek is completely frozen in places and covered with snow. The ice records the movements of water, freezing the pulses and turbulence in ice ripples and ledges, motionless swirls and bands. It seems a miracle that any water still flows in this gray and white world of ice and snow.
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Bekele Worana, Firew, und Cheru Atsimegiorgis. „Climate Change in Ethiopia: Implication on Human Capital in Rural Community - Case Study of Bilate Basin Agro-Pastoral Livelihood Zone of Sidama“. In The Nature, Causes, Effects and Mitigation of Climate Change on the Environment. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98993.
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The objective of this study was to examine the trends of climate change and its subsequent impact on human capital development under the reference of human health and education of rural community of drought prone areas in Western Sidama (6.36°–7.14°N Latitude and 38.01°–38.56°E) of Ethiopia. Tropical Application of Metrology using SATellite (TAMSAT) data of both monthly rainfall and temperature was collected from Ethiopian National Meteorological Agency (NMA) for the period of 1987–2017. Data on perceived climate change; change driven impacts people experienced mainly on their health and education and copying or/and adaptation strategies affected community practiced was collected by employing both survey and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) techniques. In order to collect data from the household level, survey was employed for 400 households who were systematically sampled from 245,592 households of five drought prone administrative districts whereas PRA was employed to collect community level data. Mann–KENDALL TEST AND SEN’S SLOPE ESTIMATES (MAKESENS) and descriptive statistics were employed to analyze these data. The analysis result shows that there is increasing and decreasing trends of both temperature and rainfall, respectively. And increasing trend is statistically significant for temperature (α = 0.05; N = 31). Consequently, this change of climate variables has brought negative impacts on human capital mainly on health and education through various paths. Physiological inconvenience, prevalence of various diseases, and malnutrition were the main paths through which climate change impacts on human health were seen whereas students’ failure in standard exam attributed to a roll over impacts of climate change since early child hood, increasing school dropout rate and decreasing demand of the households to family education mainly owing to diminish in agricultural yields were the education dimension impacts of change in climate variables. Though a temporary migration to less stress adjacent areas, receiving aids and use of health extension services were a household level copying mechanisms observed, the first two were seen to reproduce unintended negative effects such as interethnic conflicts, forcing children to drop the school and aid dependency syndrome among receivers that the household themselves, aid organizations and government should work in consortium on building resilience both at household and community levels.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "SEN'S SLOPE"
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KAYA, Yunus Ziya, Fatih ÜNEŞ, Mustafa DEMIRCI und Hakan VARÇİN. „Investigation of Precipitation Trend in Regional Scale Based on the Statistical Approach“. In Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2021 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2021_18.
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In recent years, hydrological trend analysis had become very popular due to global warming and climate change issues. Knowledge of the trend changes of hydrological series helps designers, engineers, and plan makers about future projections of all water related problems such as irrigation systems, water distribution systems, etc. Statistical approaches are historically very crucial for determining the trend. In this study, authors focused on determining total precipitation trend change monthly, seasonally, and annually on a regional scale. Non-parametric Mann Kendall test, Spearman’s Rho test, and Sen's Slope test are used for the determination of the precipitation trend. Additionally, the total annual precipitation trend is investigated with the linear regression trend analysis method. Detailed results of each method are shared separately.
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KAYA, Yunus Ziya, Mustafa DEMİRCİ, Hakan VARÇİN und Evren TURHAN. „Monthly Trend Investıgatıon of the Dıscharge of a Stream in Cache County. Utah“. In Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2023 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2023_09.
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Discharge values of streams are critical for planning the water resources of basins. Discharge values of streams may change due to many reasons such as climatological effects or human-related issues. It is essential to make estimations about the discharge values’ trends for more feasible constructions on streams. In this study, discharge monitoring station records of USGS were used to determine the trends over 50 years. The data set is belonging to the Logan River Above State Dam, Near Logan. UT station and it starts in 1971 and ends in 2020. Traditional Mann Kendall Spearman’s Rho and Sen’s slope statistical tests were used to determine the monthly trends. Additionally, a yearly investigation was performed by using the same statistical approaches. According to the obtained results, any significant trends were not detected in the yearly evaluation. However, in the monthly evaluation trends were detected for August and September.
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PETRESCU, Laura Elena. „The Evolution of the Maximum Extreme Temperatures in the Area of the Romanian Black Sea Coast During 1961 – 2020.“ In Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2023 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2023_16.
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The present study investigates the trends in the monthly, seasonal and annual regime of maximum temperatures in the Romanian Black Sea coast area over the last 60 years (1961-2020), using the monthly and annual maximum temperature data provided by five meteorological stations (i.e. Sulina, Sf. Gheorghe-Delta, Gura Portiței, Constanța, Mangalia). Three CLIMPACT extreme temperature indices (i.e. monthly and the annual average of maximum temperatures - TXm, the lowest monthly and annual value of the maximum temperature -TXn, and the highest monthly and annual value of the maximum temperature -TXx) and trends analysis methods (i.e. Mann-Kendall test, Sen’s slope estimator) have been used in the study. The targeted region is under a visible and generalized warming, especially in winter and summer. The estimated warming trends are among the highest at national level. At some stations (i.e. Sulina) spring also emerges as a significant warming season. The highest warming rate is up to 5°C (e.g. Constanța). The observed trends could contribute to an improved understanding for urging adaptation actions in some key sensitive economic sectors directly affected by the recent climate warming (e.g. health, tourism, transport, biodiversity).
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Perera, Helani, Miyuru Gunathilake und Upaka Rathnayake. „Satellite Rainfall Products for analysis of Rainfall trends for Mahaweli River Basin“. In The SLIIT International Conference on Engineering and Technology 2022. Faculty of Engineering, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/zzug8067.
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The presence of accurate and spatiotemporal data is of utmost importance in hydrological studies for river basins. However, limited ground-measured rainfall data restrict the accuracy of these analyses. Data scarcities can often be seen not only in many developing countries but also in the developed world. Therefore, much attention is given to alternative techniques to accomplish the data requirement. Precipitation data extraction from satellite precipitation products is one of the frequently used techniques in the absence of ground-measured rainfall data. The Mahaweli River Basin (MRB) is the largest river basin in Sri Lanka and it covers 1/6th of the total land area of the country. Mahaweli River is the heart of the country and the water of it is being used for many activities, including hydropower development, water supply, irrigation, etc. Therefore, analyzing rainfall trends of MRB is interesting and worthwhile for many stakeholders of the river basin. Therefore, this research investigates the suitability of Satellite Rainfall Products (SRP’s) as an alternative for Rain Gauge measured data in the MRB by performing trend analysis between the two datasets. Six precipitation products, namely PERSIANN, PERSIANNCCS, PERSIANN-CDR, GPM IMERG V06, TRMM-3B42 V7, TRMM-3B42RT V7 were extracted for 10-35 years for 14 locations of the MRB spatially distributed in the three climatic zones of the catchment. Non-parametric tests, including the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator tests, were used to detect the possible rainfall trends in precipitation products. Significant increasing trends were observed for both ground-measured and SRP’s in the annual scale while mixed results were observed in monthly and seasonal scales. The trends from ground-measured rainfall and SRP’s were compared and the suitability of SRP’s as an alternative technique was stated. KEYWORDS: ground-measured rainfall data, Mahaweli River Basin, rainfall trends, satellite precipitation products, PERSIANN, IMERG, TRMM
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Amarasinghe, H. G. K. H., und B. M. L. A. Basnayake. „Spatial Patterns and Temporal Trends of Rainfall Seasonality in Sri Lanka“. In The SLIIT International Conference on Engineering and Technology 2022. Faculty of Engineering, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/qrsp2741.
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Understanding and knowledge of rainfall variability is necessitated for agricultural planning, flood mitigation activities, and water resources planning and management. Like other rainfall characteristics seasonality of rainfall is also spatio-temporally specific which has not been evaluated to Sri Lanka. In this study, seasonality in rainfall over Sri Lanka was analyzed using the seasonality index (SI) proposed by Walsh and Lawler. Rainfall data at 39 raingauge stations for the period 1988-2017 were collected to obtain the annual monthly rainfall cycles. The SI, a measure of annual rainfall distribution, was used to identify different rainfall regimes. Southwest and central highlands covering the stations Baddegama, Pelawatte, Kudawa, Deniyaya, Mawarella, Mapalana and Beausejour (lower) were identified as “equable with a definite wetter season”. Skirting to the definite wetter season was the “rather seasonal with a short drier season” regime surrounding the Colombo, Ratmalana, Nuwara Eliya, and Bandarawela. The region centered on Mannar received the most rain in three months or less. Markedly seasonal with a long drier season is in the eastern extending from Pottuvil to Trincomalee and in the northern part of the country above Puttalam and Maha Illuppallama except the surrounding of Mannar. Intermediate region to SI classes “rather seasonal with a short drier season” and “markedly seasonal with a long drier season” was designated as “seasonal”. However, the seasonal rainfall contribution, i.e., in NEM (Dec.-Feb.), IM1 (March-April), SWM (May-Sep.), and IM2 (Oct.-Nov.), and the annual monthly rainfall profiles confirmed the presence of sub-regimes within the identified rainfall regimes. Non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope were applied to identify the temporal changes in SI. Approximately, half of the country showed strong trends in the SI. Sixty one percent of the area including the northern part of the country surrounding Jaffna and the definite wetter region in the southern corresponds to the decreasing trend in seasonality. KEYWORDS: Intra-annual variation, rainfall regimes, rainfall variability, seasonality index, Sri Lanka, trend analysis.
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Buszynski, Mario E. „Environmental Mitigation Associated With the Installation of a Natural Gas Pipeline in the Vicinity of an Artesian Well“. In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27136.
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In the fall of 2001, Enbridge Consumers Gas proposed to install a 190 mm extra-high pressure steel pipeline in proximity to an artesian well on the Oak Ridges Moraine in southern Ontario. This well is located within the Regional Municipality of Durham and it is used by over 300 persons per day as their drinking water source because of very high water quality. Potential impacts to drinking water quality have taken on greater importance because of the Walkerton tragedy, in which a number of people died from drinking contaminated municipal water. The Region of Durham was especially concerned because of the large number of people who use this artesian well as their drinking water source. The Region did not want to close the well during construction as this could be taken as an admission that construction might negatively impact water quality. At the same time, they wanted to ensure that water quantity and quality was maintained. SENES Consultants Limited (“SENES”) was retained to develop and implement an environmental management plan to ensure that no negative impacts would occur during construction. The plan involved characterization of the water-bearing zone in terms of depth, type of deposit and direction of flow, relative to the drinking water source. This was undertaken through the use of test pits, boreholes and piezometers. Potential construction impacts were identified. In this case, the natural gas pipeline was to be installed by a directional drill that injects bentonite (drilling mud) to provide lubrication and to keep the drill hole from collapsing. Mitigation measures related to containment of bentonite and fuel handling in the vicinity of the artesian well were prescribed. The rationale for directional drilling this section of the pipeline was to prevent erosion of the steep slopes and to undercross a watercourse. The water-bearing deposit consisted of a sandy-gravel layer that was found to occur at a depth of 3.65 meters. Every effort was made to maintain the drill hole for the pipeline above this depth. In addition to sampling the artesian well for chemical and bacterial parameters in advance of construction and upon completion of work in the vicinity, water from the artesian well and one of the piezometers was checked for turbidity every two hours. Other contingency plans included digging “burp-holes” to reduce the potential for bentonite frac-outs and having a water supply truck on stand-by should turbidity levels reach unacceptable levels. Construction proceeded smoothly. Minor frac-outs occurred and were appropriately contained. The turbidity readings and water quality samples taken before, during and post-construction confirmed that there were no negative impacts on the artesian well. The methods used on this project are directly applicable to other pipelines that may be constructed in the vicinity of artesian wells.