Dissertationen zum Thema „Séparation et purification des gaz“
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Chlendi, Mohamed. „Séparation de gaz par adsorption modulée en pression“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL048N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDecaux-Moueza, Céline. „Caractérisation et optimisation de membranes métalliques composites pour la perméation de l’hydrogène gazeux“. Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112171.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSteam reforming of bio-fuels in catalytic membrane reactors can be used to produce pure hydrogen, which in turn can feed H2/O2 fuel cells for on-board applications in the automotive Industry. Hydrogen can be extracted and purified by permeation across a metallic membrane made of palladium alloy. The use of such membranes pose some treats : (i) the rate of permeation and life time increasing ; (ii) costs reduction (thin membranes developpment) ; (iii) high selectivity (no CO). For these reasons, there is a need to separately probe surface (chemi-dissociation) and bulk (H diffusion transport) contributions to the overall permeation rate. Pneumato-chemical impedance spectroscopy (PIS) which originally was developed for analyzing the dynamics of hydrogen sorption in metal hydride powders has been used for analyzing permeation. An experimental set-up (Sieverts type) has been constructed to collect raw thermodynamic and kinetic data and obtain experimental transfer functions. A model has been developped to obtain microscopic rate parameters associated with individual reaction steps (surface resistance and diffusion coefficient). Results are consistent with those obtained in stationary conditions of flow. In transient conditions of flow, shifts in rate-determining steps have been evidenced. The methodology has been used to characterize different alloys of palladium (palladium-silver and palladium-copper) and characterize a prototype permeator
Grim, Ahmed. „Séparation de mélanges gazeux sous haute pression par adsorption dynamique en milieux poreux : Application à la purification de l'hydrogène“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025PAUU3001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work focuses on the challenge of hydrogen purification from gas mixtures (containing CO2 and CH4) under pressure in natural reservoirs. The firts research part is dedicated to developing a new experimental breakthrough curve measurement device. This required substantial calibration of the setup's various components (mass flow meters, analyzer, pressure controller, dead volume, etc.). Additionally, like many laboratory setups, it has a dead volume comparable in magnitude to the reactor volume. Consequently, it was necessary to study the influence of this dead volume on the shape of the breakthrough curve.Pressurized gas mixture flow tests over an inert material (glass beads) were also conducted to evaluate the axial dispersion coefficient of the compounds in the pressurized fluid. Finally, dynamic adsorption experiments were performed on gas mixtures (CO2, CH4, H2) at different compositions, pressures, and a constant temperature. The modeling and numerical simulation of the experimental breakthrough curves are based on the "Linear Driving Force" transfer model in the porous medium. In this model, the adsorption capacities of the mixture components are accounted for using the "Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory" model, previously validated by studying the isotherms of pure components and mixtures. The tested adsorbents include activated carbon and polystyrene beads. A comprehensive characterization of these adsorbents determined their specific surface areas, pore size distributions, and real and apparent densities. Finally, the adsorption capacities of these adsorbents under the conditions of use were evaluated through adsorption isotherm studies of the compounds, either individually or in mixtures. This analysis validated the "SIPS" model for predicting pure component isotherms and the "Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory" model for gas mixtures, as previously mentioned
Ngameni, Jiembou Joseph Rostand. „Caractérisation thermodynamique, microstructurale et cinétique d’alliages de palladium au contact de l’hydrogène : application aux procédés de purification par perméation gazeuse“. Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112377.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePalladium-silver alloys are used in the industry for the purification of hydrogen. State-of-the-art materials still require optimization (i) to increase permeation flows ; (ii) to maintain performances on the long-term ; (iii) to reduce investment costs (development of thin membranes). To achieve these goals, it is necessary to measure in situ surface (H₂ dissociative chemisorption) and bulk (diffusion transport of atomic H) kinetic contributions. The kinetics of chemical (gas-phase) and electrochemical (electrolyte) hydrogen insertion have been compared. Electrochemical and chemical impedance diagrams have been obtained from “potential step” and from “pressure step” experiments. Rate constants of individual steps have been measured. Then, the insertion of gaseous hydrogen into a metallic membrane of known surface state (texture and roughness factor) and known volume microstructure (grain size distribution) has been investigated. Values of surface resistance and hydrogen diffusion coefficient have been measured with temperature. By measuring the impedance of membranes of different thicknesses, it has been shown that the surface step is rate-determining. Then, the surface roughness of a membrane has been increased by electrochemical deposition of palladium black. A membrane showing a reduced surface resistance has been prepared and a diffusion impedance diagram has been obtained for the first time for a gas phase experiment
Picaud, Vannereux Simon. „Étude expérimentale et simulation de procédés hybrides intégrant des membranes zéolites et polymères pour la purification d’hydrocarbures gazeux biosourcés par perméation de vapeurs“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work focused on the interest of using a zeolite composite membrane (CHA SSZ-13) accessible on a commercial scale through the membrane technology of gas and vapor permeation. The applicability of this separation technology has mainly focused on the recovery of methane, propane and isobutene from fluxes produced at industrial scales by sustainable processes. The development of an experimental lab scale pilot for gas and vapor permeation data measurements is detailed. Based on experimental permeation measurements carried out with the zeolite membrane of the study, a first case of practical application was to simulate the separation performance of a hybrid process associating a zeolite membrane module with a cryogenic condensation from an industrial specification for the recovery of isobutene. The hybrid process studied is always more efficient than the only cryogenic condensation process taken as reference in terms of purity of the condensed product obtained and energy consumption. A chart was generated to locate the simulated separation performance based on the desired isobutene recovery objective. A second theoretical case of propane recovery from nitrogen purging vents with hybrid membrane cryogenic separation process was studied. This study presented a chart of the membrane separation performance of propane over nitrogen according to data from the open literature. The most nitrogen- and propane-selective membrane (CHA SSZ-13 and PEBAX 2533 respectively) was then selected and used in order to simulate hybrid processes where separation performances were compared to a baseline cryogenic standalone process. For low propane contents in the nitrogen feed mixture, it was found that the most efficient process (energy need and quality of the condensed product) involved a PEBAX 2533 polymer membrane module with a vacuum system for the permeate
Picaud, Vannereux Simon. „Étude expérimentale et simulation de procédés hybrides intégrant des membranes zéolites et polymères pour la purification d’hydrocarbures gazeux biosourcés par perméation de vapeurs“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work focused on the interest of using a zeolite composite membrane (CHA SSZ-13) accessible on a commercial scale through the membrane technology of gas and vapor permeation. The applicability of this separation technology has mainly focused on the recovery of methane, propane and isobutene from fluxes produced at industrial scales by sustainable processes. The development of an experimental lab scale pilot for gas and vapor permeation data measurements is detailed. Based on experimental permeation measurements carried out with the zeolite membrane of the study, a first case of practical application was to simulate the separation performance of a hybrid process associating a zeolite membrane module with a cryogenic condensation from an industrial specification for the recovery of isobutene. The hybrid process studied is always more efficient than the only cryogenic condensation process taken as reference in terms of purity of the condensed product obtained and energy consumption. A chart was generated to locate the simulated separation performance based on the desired isobutene recovery objective. A second theoretical case of propane recovery from nitrogen purging vents with hybrid membrane cryogenic separation process was studied. This study presented a chart of the membrane separation performance of propane over nitrogen according to data from the open literature. The most nitrogen- and propane-selective membrane (CHA SSZ-13 and PEBAX 2533 respectively) was then selected and used in order to simulate hybrid processes where separation performances were compared to a baseline cryogenic standalone process. For low propane contents in the nitrogen feed mixture, it was found that the most efficient process (energy need and quality of the condensed product) involved a PEBAX 2533 polymer membrane module with a vacuum system for the permeate
Talha, Fouzia Tagmouti. „Séparation et purification de quelques ciguatoxines“. Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10576.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUmpuch, Chakkrit. „Séparation et purification d'un acide organique par nanofiltration“. Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1142/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work focuses on the study of a nanofiltration step to purify solutions containing lactate and glucose. From previous results, it was concluded that, whilst good separation was expected from results obtained with single solute solutions, the NF selectivity achieved with mixed solutions was finally very poor. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that the presence of a charged solute can change significantly the retention of either neutral or charged ones. The objective of this experimental study is to investigate to what extend the addition of an electrolyte can improve the selectivity of lactate / glucose separation by nanofiltration. Experimental results were used to get the variation of the observed retentions vs. The permeation flux and to evaluate the separation efficiency from the separation factor. In presence of NaCl, both glucose and lactate retentions slightly decrease and remains very close except at low permeation fluxes where the addition of NaCl has more effect on lactate retention than on glucose one. On the contrary, whilst the addition of Na2SO4 has no influence on glucose retention, a strong effect was pointed out on the lactate retention, especially for high electrolyte concentrations for which negative retentions were obtained at low permeation fluxes. Then, the separation improvement by adding salt is much more important in presence of Na2SO4 compared to NaCl. A maximum separation factor of 1. 9 was obtained with Na2SO4 at 0. 25 M adding to the glucose / lactate solution whereas the separation was impossible without the addition of salt
Alshebani, Awad. „Développement de membranes céramiques pour la séparation des gaz : fibres creuses et composites mésoporeux de nouvelle génération“. Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10306.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is the development of micro- and mesoporous membranes of new generation for gas separation, with special insight into tubular and hollow fibre geometries. After a review of the state of the art, we present the techniques of preparation and synthesis of the membranes. In a third section, a detailed study is presented, focusing on the influence of the desorption conditions on the pure gas permeance and gas mixture separation in MFI tubular membranes. Gas desorption prior to any test appears to be a crucial step not only to obtain reliable gas permeance data, but also to also to improve the separation performance of a membrane in practical applications. In a fourth section, we present, for the first time, the synthesis of nanocomposite MFI/alumina hollow fibres, where the zeolite material crystallizes in the alumina support pores instead offorming a surface film. This architecture offers not only more mechanical stability, but also a better separation performance at high temperature. In a fifth section, this work presents, also for the first time, the characterization of nanocomposite MCM-41(‘LUS’)/alumina tubular membranes, with a mean pore size about 3 nm. A last section provides complementary results of permeance and gas separation
Soubeyrand, Estelle. „Adsorption et séparation de gaz en mode dynamique sur des matériaux hybrides“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4802/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe elimination of carbon dioxide has become a worldwide challenge to minimize its impact on global warming. Capture using physical adsorption is viable as long as the right adsorbent is found. CO2 capture from flue gases poses a number of problems in terms of low CO2 concentration (below 20%), low total pressure, and the eventual presence of water. This study focuses on the impact of water vapour during CO2 adsorption on different porous materials. An experimental device has been developed to assess the impact of water vapour during CO2 adsorption: both the heats of adsorption and the breakthrough curves were obtained. The uptakes of CO2 at 0.2 bar have been studied in porous materials after having been pre-equilibrated under different relative humidity's (3 and 40%). The enthalpies allow a better understanding of the phenomena involved. Several MOFs, like HKUST-1(Cu), UiO-66(Zr), MIL-100(Fe), MIL-101(Cr), MIL-127(Fe) have been compared to a zeolite NaX and an activated carbon Takeda-5A.Three different behaviours are shown: - Where water has a negative impact on CO2 adsorption. This can be due to poisoning or the poor stability of the materials like HKUST-1. - Where water seems to have little effect on CO2 adsorption like case of UiO66. - Where water has a positive effect on CO2 uptake. Slight improvement for MIL-101(Cr) and remarkable enhancement of CO2 uptake through pre-adsorption of water vapor has been highlighted here in two cases: the mesoporous MIL-100(Fe) and the bifunctional MIL-127(Fe).This work is part of the European project FP7 Macademia "MOFs as Adsorbents and Catalysts: Discovery and Engineering of Materials for Industrial Applications"
Deliere, Ludovic. „Adsorption et séparation des gaz rares sur des adsorbants dopés à l’argent“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10212/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) implements means for detecting nuclear tests in an International Monitoring System (IMS). The Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) has developed in the mid-90s, the SPALAX system (Système de Prélèvement d’Air en Ligne avec l’Analyse des radioXénons). Xenon analysis, including radioactive isotopes from the fission reaction during the explosion, requires the development of highly efficient process for xenon concentration. In this work, the adsorption and diffusion phenomena of noble gases are studied in silver exchanged ZSM-5 zeolite. The "experience / Monte Carlo simulation" coupling is used to determine the essential thermodynamic data on the adsorption of noble gases and to characterize the adsorption sites. The presence of a strong adsorption site, identified as silver nanoparticles and intervening at low concentration of noble gases (including xenon and radon) in some silver exchanged zeolites, achieves adsorption and selectivity performance to date unrivaled. These results allow considering their use in many critical applications in the field of capture and separation of rare gases: rare gas industrial production, reprocessing of spent fuel from gas, radon in air pollution control
Serres, Anne-Marie. „Supports de silice passivée à ligands biospécifiques : sSynthèse, caractérisation et propriétés de séparation en chromatographie des protéines“. Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA132002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMauviel, Guillain. „Transport multi-composants dans les polymères : séparation hydrocarbures / hydrogène par membrane à sélectivité inverse“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_MAUVIEL_G.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHydrocarbon / hydrogen separation by reverse selectivity membranes is investigated. The first goal is to develop materials showing an increased selectivity. Silicone membranes loaded with inorganic fillers have been prepared, but the expected enhancement is not observed. The second goal is to model the multi- component transport through rubbers. Indeed the permeability model is not able to predict correctly permeation when a vapour is present. Thus many phenomena have to be considered: diffusional interdependancy, sorption synergy, membrane swelling and drag effect. The dependence of diffusivities with the local composition is modelled according to free-volume theory. The model resolution allows to predict the permeation flow-rates of mixed species from their pure sorption and diffusion data. For the systems under consideration, the diffusional interdependancy is shown to be preponderant. Besides, sorption synergy importance is pointed out, whereas it is most often neglected
Chavan, Sayali Ramdas. „Development, modeling and optimization of CO2 separation process using membrane contactor : applied to hydrogen purification“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPAST040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work focuses on separating CO2 from syngas to produce high purity hydrogen based on gas-liquid absorption. To do so, a lab-scale pilot was built featuring three Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors (HFMC). Primary sensitivity analysis of the process revealed that the purity remains below 99%, explained by the residual concentrations of carbonate CO2/3− and bicarbonate HCO3−. A theoretical equilibrium model and later a new approach based on pH variation (pHSA) was put forward to overcome the purity limitation achieving H2 purity of 99.96% and 94% yield. Moreover, a predictive transfer model was solved in 1D to predict absorption of CO2 in pure and gas mixtures. The model was fitted for both cases and then validated with experimental data. This work opens perspectives as a competitive solution in terms of investment and operating costs. The numerical model developed is a powerful design and optimization tool
Bonnot, Karine. „Propagation de fronts de matière et de chaleur dans une colonne d'adsorption modulée en pression pour la séparation de gaz“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_BONNOT_K.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZhou, Feng-Ling. „Supports à base de silice enrobée par des polysaccharides modifiés : préparation, caractérisation et applications pour la purification de protéines“. Paris 13, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA132027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoupan, Romuald. „Clathrates d’Hydroquinone : aspects fondamentaux et appliqués pour la séparation du CO2 d’un mélange CO2/CH4“. Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3033/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOrganic clathrate compounds, particularly those formed between hydroquinone (HQ) and gases, are supramolecular entities recently highlighted as promising alternatives for applications such as gas storage and separation processes. This study deals with an evaluation of the HQ clathrates to separate CO2 from CO2/CH4 gas mixtures through direct gas-solid reaction. On the fundamental point of view, new insights into several properties of the CO2-, CO2/CH4-, and CH4-HQ clathrates were studied: spectroscopic signatures, crystal structures, morphologies, gas storage capacities, guest release temperatures and structural transition temperatures. This work also offers new elements of understanding HQ clathrate formation and dissociation mechanisms. It is shown that, for capturing CO2 the most selectively and efficiently, the enclathration reaction has to be done with the “guest-free intermediate” derived from the CO2−HQ clathrates. On a practical point of view, the equilibrium curves, the dissociation enthalpies, and the occupancies at the equilibrium clathrate forming conditions, were determined for the CO2- and CH4-HQ clathrates in an extended range of temperature from about 288 to 354 K. Moreover, the kinetics of the gas-solid enclathration reaction were studied experimentally and modelled. In this way, HQ-based composite materials were developed and allows to reversibly capture and store gases, and to significantly improve the enclathration kinetics. The hydroquinone clathrate based gas separation (HCBGS) process was also investigated. The influence of the process operating parameters (i.e. reaction time, pressure, temperature and feed gas composition) on the CO2 capture kinetics, the selectivity toward CO2, and the storage capacity were assessed through experiments performed at pilot scale
Ben, Hamouda Sofiane. „Mise au point et caractérisation de membranes perméables et sélectives en vue de séparer des mélanges gazeux alcanes / alcènes“. Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChabanon, Élodie. „Contacteurs à membranes composites et contacteurs microporeux pour procédés gaz-liquide intensifiés de captage du CO2 en post-combustion : expérimentation et modélisation“. Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe decrease of the CO2 anthropogenic emissions is one of the main aims of the 21st century. Different processes are developed in order to capture CO2, but gas-liquid absorption in packed columns is considered as the reference postcombustion technology. Membrane contactors, which could potentially decrease by a factor 2 to 10 the size of the absorption units due to an increased interfacial area (1000 to 5000 m2. M-3 ), a so-called intensification effect, have been investigated in this study. Two kind of hollow fibers are studied: microporous and composite membranes (i. E. A dense polymeric skin coated on a porous support). In a first part, a series of experiments is reported to evaluate the influence of some geometric and operating parameters on the process capture performances and on the mass transfer characteristics. Results obtained on short time scale experiments are in agreement to the literature results. Even though a dense skin layer on a porous support generates an additional resistance to the mass transfer, a dedicated study carried out on long time scale (several hundreds hours) show for the first time that mass transfer performances of composite fibers can be similar to microporous unwetted membranes. Moreover, the wetting resistance of the composite fibers compared to microporous hollow fibers (PP and PTFE) is clearly demonstrated. In a second part, a comparative study of different mathematical models with increasing complexity is carried out. One parameter is used to fit the experimental results: the membrane mass transfer coefficient (km). Km values obtained through curve fits are in the range of data reported in the literature (10-2 to 10-5 m. S-1). However, the assumption of a km effective value which would depend of the operating conditions is addressed and discussed. This approach is different from the studies reported in the literature which generally postulates a single value for a given membrane material. Under these conditions, the composite membrane interest, which shows a constant and probably predictable value of the membrane mass transfer coefficient due to their wetting resistance, seems to be promising to intensify the gas-liquid absorption process in CO2 postcombustion capture
Pantea, Dana Magdalena. „Séparation et purification du dl-limonène obtenu par pyrolyse sous vide des pneumatiques hors d'usage“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25694.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSchrotter, Jean-Christophe. „Elaboration et caractérisation de matériaux mixtes polyimide-silice : application à la séparation de gaz et corrélations structure-propriétés“. Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20130.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoux, Martine. „Génie des procédés appliqué à l'électrophorèse : études numérique et expérimentale d'une cellule de focalisation isoélectrique“. Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT029G.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYacou, Christelle. „Développement de membranes céramiques multifonctionnelles à porosité hiérarchique pour le traitement et la séparation de gaz“. Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20106.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study deals with the development of a new design of multifunctional ceramic membranes with a hierarchical porosity for gas and vapour treatment or separation at low or high temperature and potential applications in the energy and environment sectors. The hierarchical porosity enables a simplification of the preparation process compared to that of conventional asymmetric ceramic membranes, by decreasing the number of required intermediate layers. Such separative layers with additional unconnected porosity and higher permeability can be thicker, thus limiting the impact of possible surface defects. Finally, incorporation and controlled location of an active solid phase, such as metal noble nanoparticles (NPs), can provide the membrane multifunctionality. An innovative sol-gel route has been developed, involving a multi-scale porogen approach combining the formation of the NPs by a microwave-assisted polyol reduction process. SiO2 or SiO2-TiO2 based membrane materials were successfully prepared exhibiting isolated macropores, mesopores, an interconnected microporosity and containing highly-dispersed Pt or Rh NPs. Structural and textural investigations were performed using X-ray spectroscopy and scattering techniques, transmission electron microscopy, and adsorption-desorption of nitrogen. Nanoindentation measurements were also carried out in order to estimate the contribution of the different types of porosity to the mechanical behaviour of the hierarchical layers. The membrane performances were studied by permeation and gas separation measurements. The catalytic properties were evaluated using two model reactions, propene oxidation and propane steam reforming
Chevrier, Sarah. „Nouvelles membranes à base de matériaux 2D et procédés innovants pour la séparation sélective des ions et des gaz“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOver the past decades, two-dimensional (2D) materials have triggered much research interest in membrane science and technology. Nanomaterial based membranes exhibit exceptional separation abilities for constituents of liquid or gas mixtures, owing to their unique chemical species transport properties. In addition, these membranes are a sustainable and cost-effective solution for various environmental challenges, including water treatment, metal recycling from electronic waste, and gas separation. Therefore, this PhD work presents the development and characterization of new membranes made of 2D materials for separating gases and ions. Firstly, vanadium pentoxide V₂O₅ based membranes have shown great potential in the separation of binary He/CO₂ and He/N₂ mixtures, surpassing the state of the art of some polymer and inorganic membranes. Secondly, membranes made of charged nanomaterials, such as Na-bentonite or phosphatoantimonic acid H₃Sb₃P₂O₁₄ (H3), have been used for ion separation through forward osmosis. H3 material exhibited exceptional silver selectivity, which could be particularly useful in the context of solar panel recycling. Furthermore, similar results were achieved using H3 modified phases by cation exchange. Finally, these membranes were also studied in an adapted forward osmosis microfluidic device with tangential flow
Capoen, Édouard. „Étude de composés oxydes conducteurs mixtes, anioniques et électroniques, pour leur utilisation en tant que matériaux membranaires pour la séparation sélective de l'oxygène de l'air“. Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-235.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarthelet, Karin Marika. „Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux hybrides poreux à base d'éléments de transition pour la séparation des gaz de l'air“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS017V.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis sutdy is part of a project on the research of new materials for gas production or air separation, and pursues a double aim : modify know compounds in order to make them efficient for industrial applications and synthesize new solids which would possess a stable porous framework containing extra-framework cations. Such properties will limit the range of our study. Since the discovery of zeolites, first kind of adapted solids for gas separation, research efforts have been diversified in order to obtain compounds with new topologies and various compositions having better performances. They resulted in the emergence of new families of materials built up from inorganic and later hybrid frameworks. The bibliographic chapter describes thiss evolution, points out the advantages and drawbacks of each category and finishes by few examples of industrials applications. The second chapter is devoted to the results of ionic exchange on known compounds the purpose of which is to get useful solids. The success of theses experiments depends on the nature of the starting material (two phosphates, one based on nickel and one on vanadium, and one vanadium diphosphonate). For two of them, cationic exchange is possible. Nevertheless, accessible porosity is reached only in one case and even then, the specific surface remains insufficient for the application of interest. Works concerning the second axe of research are described in the two following chapters. They are limited to hybrid compounds based on transition metals, that simultaneously allow to avoid the presence of organic templates which are difficult to eliminate, and to modulate the pore size. With diphosphonic acids, the principal purpose is to prepare bimetallic porous compounds combining porosity and interesting magnetic properties. Several monometallic phases could also appear such as those based on zinc which are the more attractive ones because of their zeotypic framework. With carboxylic acids, structures are often three-dimensional and potenttially porous However, the lack of extra-framework alkaline cations makes these solids inefficient in air separation
Orsikowsky, Sánchez Alejandro. „Propriétés d'adsorption de différents substrats microporeux à la séparation de gaz modélisation, caractérisation et méthodologie de sélection“. Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this PhD (Cifre) is to describe and model the adsorption of several gases (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen) on a given adsorbent and to extrapolate the results to the macroscopic behavior of their mixture in an adsorption industrial process in order to better understand the phenomena linking the adsorbent structure with the adsorption industrial processes performance. Since the study requires the description of the adsorption mechanisms, it was decided to start with the best known and most widespread family of adsorbents in the industry because of its low cost, its microporous nature and its chemical and thermal stability: the zeolites.From the bibliographic review, five zeolites with different structural properties (cations contained inside their structure, pore morphology, pore size and Si / Al ratio) were selected under two shapes (powder and beads) to obtain the essential information for determining the key parameters of the adsorption models. In a first step, gas porosimetry with argon at 87 K as the probe molecule, enabled to get access to the structural properties of the different adsorbents (pore volume, pore size distribution and BET surface). A method based on the coupling of gas porosimetry with CO2 at 273 K and argon at 87 K has been proposed for assessing the impact of adsorbent shaping on CO2 adsorption.In a second step, the adsorption equilibria of pure compounds were measured over a very wide range of pressures (from 10-5 to 80 bar) and temperatures (from 253 K to 363 K) by combining high resolution low pressure manometry and high pressure gravimetry. These experimental methods coupled with the measurement of the differential heat of adsorption and the mixture adsorption equilibria as well as with some microscopic studies available in the literature, enabled to identify and to analyze the various adsorption mechanisms. Then, the performance of the macroscopic adsorption models the most widely used in the simulation of adsorption-based gas separation processes - such as those of Toth, Sips and bi-Langmuir - were analyzed over all the experimental data and the identified adsorption mechanisms. Since these models are not representative of the observed physicochemical phenomena, a new methodology for the modeling of pure gases and mixtures adsorption based on representative models of adsorption mechanisms is proposed. This new methodology makes the prediction of gas mixture adsorption possible from only two pure gas adsorption isotherms measured at the extremes of the temperature range of interest.Finally, the last part of the study focuses on the integration of the proposed models in a dynamic adsorption processes simulation software and on their validation with breakthrough curves tests. To this end, a new adsorption column has been designed and integrated into an existing pilot. These dynamic adsorption tests focus on CO2 / N2 separation only and were carried out on two beads of zeolites. Since the exothermicity of CO2 adsorption is very significant, the thermal transfer parameter between the gas and the column wall has been identified as the limiting parameter of the Mass Transfer Zone (MTZ). The optimized heat transfer parameter has been confronted with different correlations in order to predict it. Thus, the dynamic model reproduces very satisfactorily the experimental results
Giraudel, Anne. „Séparation des sous-unités (alpha) et (beta) de la tubuline : propriétés structurales et fonctionnelles“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10200.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMourgues, Codern Alejandro. „Développement de modèles méso- et macroscopiques pour la séparation gazeuse par membranes : Etude de trois cas“. Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMadrau, Stéphane. „Caractérisation des adsorbants pour la purification de l'hydrogène par adsorption modulée en pression“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL136N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) is a gas separation and purification process. It is based on the difference of adsorption capacity of a porous medium under different pressures. The performance determination of a specific adsorbent in such a process is a difficult problem, commonly solved by building a scaled-down process and by evaluating the adsorbent by experiments. This method requires time and is generally expensive. An other approach for evaluating the solid is purely numeric simulation. But the simulation of a complete PSA system is difficult, because of the large number of physical parameters and phenomena involved. A simple evaluation method would therefore be useful, at [east in the case of Hydrogen purification by PSA. This work is composed of both experimental and numeric studies, and shows that developing a simplified PSA model in parallel with some experiments can provide a good level of representation of the process. Evaluation of adsorbent performance with a simplified method consists in the determination of the dynamic working capacity of the solid in successive adsorption and desorption steps in cycles. The results of this method are in good agreement with the results of a complete simulated PSA. It also has the advantage of being less CPU-intensive and of giving results about parameters that are difficult to obtain by experience only
Reinhardt, Bruno. „Compréhension et évaluation du comportement des suspensions gaz-solide à forte charge dans les techniques de séparation aéraulique“. Valenciennes, 1996. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a37df539-7e5e-4347-b8e6-7f15fd2cfb0f.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePinel, Eliette. „Relations entre architecture à différentes échelles de membranes copolyimides et propriétés physiques : application à la séparation des gaz“. Chambéry, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CHAMS021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouchafaa, Wassila. „Mesure et modélisation des conditions de dissociation d'hydrates de gaz stabilisés en vue de l'application au captage du CO2“. Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/66/71/15/PDF/final_thesis_phD.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe capture and the detention of the CO2, stemming from heatings, vehicles, incineration units and various types of combustion or fermentation became a world stake. The capture of this gas by using hydrates absorption is a promising alternative. The aim of this work is to study the stability of mixed hydrates systems containing CO2 and another gas (N2, CH4 and H2) with pure water, or with an additive allowing to decrease the operating pressures: the tetrabutylamonium bromide (TBAB), in a perspective of gas separation. The experimental technique that we have used is the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It allowed us to measure the dissociation temperatures and enthalpies for various hydrate with pure water: N2, CH4, N2 + CO2, CH4+CO2, H2+CO2; but also semi-clathrates systems: CO2+CH4 and CO2+N2 with different mass percentages of TBAB (10, 20, 30 and 40). The last part of this thesis concerns the modelling thermodynamics of semi-clathrate systems, where we developed the particular case of the system: CH4+TBAB
Bouchafaa, Wassila. „Mesure et modélisation des conditions de dissociation d'hydrates de gaz stabilisés en vue de l'application au captage du CO2“. Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00667115.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRizk, Joelle. „Étude et modélisation des conditions d’échanges dans les colonnes de distillation diabatiques : étude de la distribution des fluides“. Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01003516.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDistillation columns are one of the main methods used for separating the components of the air. Their inconvenient is the high energy consumption. In order to produce the oxygen needed for oxycombustion with low energy costs, a diabatic distillation column for cryogenic air separation is designed and modeled. It consists of a shell and tubes heat exchanger where the tubes constitute a first column operating at low pressure and the shell a second one operating at high pressure. Coupled mass and heat transfers are modeled and the diabatic column simulated. A comparative exergy analysis between three types of distillation columns for cryogenic air separation shows that the exergy efficiency of the diabatic column designed is 23 % higher than that of the conventional double columns. The distribution of the mixtures in the tubes and the shell is a key point in the distillation process in the shell and tubes heat exchanger. The different forms of uneven distribution are studied and solutions are proposed. A pilot is designed in order to validate experimentally the theoretical concept of diabatic distillation of cryogenic air
Kartika, Ika Amalia. „Nouveau procédé de fractionnement des graines de tournesol : expression et extraction en extrudeur bi-vis, purification par ultrafiltration de l'huile de tournesol“. Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000159/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this study was to investigate the new processing of the sunflower seeds fractionation allowing to realize oil expression and extraction using methyl ester as the solvent on a twin-screw extruder, and purification of twin-screw extruder-pressed sunflower oil by ultrafiltration. The oil expression and extraction were conducted using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder (Model BC 45, Clextral-France). Twenty one screw profiles were examined to define the best performance (oil yield, oil quality and energy input) by studying the influence of operating conditions on temperature pressing, screw rotation speed and seed input flow rate. The ultrafiltration was carried out with polyethersulfone, polysulfone and ceramic membranes to determine flux, phospholipids rejection, free fatty acid and color reduction by studying the influence of operating conditions on pressure, temperature and tangential velocity. The position and spacing between two reversed screw elements affected oil expression yield. More oil expression yield was produced as temperature pressing, screw rotation speed and seed input flow rate were decreased. Highest expression yield (85%) with best cake meal quality (< 13% of the residual oil content) was obtained under operating conditions 75 rpm, 19 kg/h and 120°C. Furthermore, the operating parameters influenced energy input. A decrease in temperature and seed input flow rate followed by an increase in screw rotation speed increased energy input, particularly specific mechanical energy input. Effect of the operating parameters on oil quality was unimportant, mainly on acid and iodine values. In all experiments tested, the oil quality was very good. The acid value was below 2 mg KOH/g and the phosphorus content was very poor, below 100 mg/kg. The oil extraction yield was measured as function of screw configuration and solvent-to-solid (S/S) ratio. The position of the solvent injector and the reverse screw elements affected oil extraction yield. Higher oil recovery was produced as the S/S ratio was increased. Up to 98% of the oil was removed from seeds under S/S ratio of 50%. The best ultrafiltration performance was obtained under 4. 5 bars, 50°C and 0. 1 m/s with the polyethersulfone membrane of 30 kDa (12 l/m2. H of the permeate flux and 94% of the phospholipids rejection). Furthermore, ultrafiltration was found to have a positive effect on oil decoloration
Casanave, Dominique. „Etude de la déshydrogénation de l'isobutane dans un réacteur catalytique à membrane poreuse : conception, mise en œuvre et modélisation“. Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRicaurte, Fernandez Marvin José. „Séparation du co2 d’un mélange co2-ch4 par cristallisation d’hydrates de gaz : influence d’additifs et effet des conditions opératoires“. Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3031/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe separation of CO2 from a gas mixture by crystallization of gas hydrates is a process that could eventually provide an attractive alternative to the conventional techniques used for CO2 capture. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the potential of this "hydrate" process to separate CO2 from a CO2-CH4 gas mixture, rich in CO2. We have studied in particular the selectivity of the separation toward CO2 and the hydrate crystallization kinetics. The effects of thermodynamic and kinetic additives (and some additive combinations) on these two parameters for different operating conditions (pressure, temperature, concentrations) were evaluated. Hydrate formation and dissociation experiments were performed in "batch mode” in a high pressure reactor, and with an experimental pilot rig designed and built entirely during this thesis. A semi-empirical model was also developed to estimate the water to hydrate conversion and the composition of the different phases (hydrates, liquid and vapor) at equilibrium. The results show that the combination of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) used as a kinetic promoter, with tetrahydrofuran (THF) used as a thermodynamic promoter, provides interesting results in terms of both the amount of hydrates formed and the hydrate formation kinetics. The selectivity of the separation toward CO2 remains too low (an average of four CO2 molecules trapped in the hydrate structure for one of CH4) to consider using this "hydrate" process on a larger scale to separate CO2 from such a gas mixture
Peralta, David. „Evaluation des Metal-Organic Frameworks en adsorption et séparation des hydrocarbures“. Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00730462.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWedraogo, Tarsida Nicolas. „Valorisation du biogaz par purification et par reformage“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0190/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work is focused on biogas valorization. Two innovative processes were investigated in order to obtain bio-methane. The first one is CO2 absorption into an emulsion where some organic phases are responsible for an improvement of the mass transfer. Among the product tested, octanol and toluene proved to be efficient for carbon dioxide absorption even if the liquid side volumetric mass transfer coefficient did not show important variations. Experiments showed that according to the interfacial properties of the system, the dispersed phase can spread over the gas bubbles and be involved in the transfer directly. The second process considered is a micro-structured device displaying excellent mass transfer characteristics. Initially designed for the mixing of fluids, the IMM Caterpillar micro-mixer, proved to be an efficient absorption device with liquid side volumetric mass transfer coefficients up to 0.5 s-1The second option is the production of syngas by direct reforming of the biogas. The dry methane reforming was extensively studied during the past few years since it can convert two greenhouse gases into valuable products for the chemical industries. A 1 mm side square channel reactor was designed in order to investigate the reaction. Results showed that a total reactant conversion could be achieved with a minimum temperature of 700°C and a maximum volumetric flowrate of 45 mL/min. The influence of feed composition was also assessed: a stoichiometric ratio is ideal for the reaction
Milon, Nicolas. „Technologie µLAS pour l'analyse et la purification d'ADN de haut poids moléculaire“. Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn forty years only, DNA sequencing technologies triggered a revolution in biological analysis with the beginning of the genomic era. Nevertheless, this booming technological field is still hampered by unmet technological needs for DNA sample preparation and quality control. The most recent third generation sequencing technologies require very long DNA fragments of more than 50,000 base pairs, the manipulation and characterization of which remains a technological challenge. In the prospect of accelerating and improving state of the art protocols for sample preparation, we developed an instrument, based on the µLAS technology that allows the concentration and separation of high molecular weight DNA fragments with high sensitivity. With this technology, we developed a method for the isolation and sequencing of target genomic regions in complex genomes. We report the isolation, the sequencing and the assembly of a locus of 31.5 kb extracted from the genome of the plant Medicago Truncatula. We finally developed a prototype for high molecular weight DNA purification in complex samples, which is based on a size-accordable DNA valve for the size selection in the range 200 – 50,000 bp. In this manuscript we highlighted the relevance of µLAS technology for the analysis and purification of high molecular weight DNA
Evtimova, Jenny Borisova. „Modélisation des alliages à base de vanadium et des matériaux poreux cristallins utilisés comme membranes de séparation de gaz“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT214/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this study, we propose procedures based on computational calculations and theoretical models that can be used to predict the behaviour of some of the membrane materials of interest for gas separation applications. In particular, we focus on: i) body-centred cubic VNiTi alloys as novel materials for H2-selective dense membranes and ii) crystalline porous materials that are attractive media for separation of light gases such as H2, O2, CO, CO2, CH4 and N2. These two types of materials are treated using different methodologies, adapted to the needs of our research objectives associated to each material.In the case of dense metal membranes, the long-standing controversy over occupancy of interstitial hydrogen in V-based alloys is addressed. The V-Ni-Ti system is of particular interest here, exhibiting high H2 permeability and improved mechanical properties relative to pure V. This work intends to gain understanding of hydrogen-metal interactions as function of alloy composition and thereby to optimize these new materials and advance their development as novel membranes for H2 separation. We use a first-principles approach that gives insights into the sites preference of hydrogen and assesses the role of Ti and Ni substitutional solutes for the hydrogen absorption affinity. The method based on Density Functional Theory requires no experimental input except crystal structure information. Furthermore, it uses no empirical or fitting parameters in contrast to other computational techniques. Hence this approach provides an alternative way to explore new metal alloys for H2 separation membranes. The applied methodology can be used further in high-throughput calculations to screen various alloy compositions. The hereto-reported results will be used as guidance for tailoring the formulation of VNiTi solid solutions and preparation of low cost dense alloy membranes in the frame of other projects (e.g. European DEMCAMER project).Further, we explore how single-component inputs can be used to forecast the ideal selectivity towards light gases of crystalline porous materials, used for membrane preparation. Theoretical models for describing gas separation properties of zeotype materials as function of structural characteristics and operation conditions are proposed. The model parameters can be obtained as experimentally as well as computationally. To analyse the extent of validity and limitations of the models, ideal selectivities of few crystalline porous materials are evaluated, including widely used zeolites (NaA, CaA) and a metal organic framework structure (ZIF-8). The results verified that the theoretical expressions could be used for screening series of zeotype materials when reliable single gas adsorption data are available. However, since the models don’t take into account all parameters (namely related to the membrane design) and mechanisms involved in gas transport through porous membranes, their predictions should be considered as values referring to an ideal case
Chahbani, Mohamed Hachemi. „Séparation de gaz par adsorption modulée en pression : modélisation des écoulements et de la cinétique de transfert de matière“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL108N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMadariaga, Calles Luis Fernando. „Particules imprégnées : mise en œuvre et application aux procédés de séparation de mélanges gazeux en lit fixe“. Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL036N/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is about an original object: porous particles impregnated with a non volatile liquid. The aim of this work is to show the potential of such a system for applications in the area of gas treatment on fixed beds. The first part of our work is dedicated to the impregnation process and the characterization of such particles by an innovative technique based on powder rheology. This technique is very sensitive to changes on the surface of the particles and helps to understand the impregnation process. Three stages of impregnation are proposed: adsorption of the polymer, filling of the pores and coating of the outer surface. The second part is focused on a thermodynamic study of the properties of some gas-absorbent systems in order to identify the systems for which the retention capacity would be important. The absorbents are compared to activated carbon. A system N2-CO2 with a polymer amine was selected to impregnate the particles and carry out the experimental tests. A model of the process is presented in order to simulate and anticipate the performance of the particles for different operating conditions. The goal of this simulation is to identify the optimal conditions for the absorption-desorption cycles in which the values of recuperation and concentration of CO2 would be maximal
Weinberger, Benno Peter. „Réalisation d'un dispositif d'adsorption et son utilisation pour l'étude de la purification de l'hydrogène par PSA“. Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA132013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFayad, Nidal. „Mise en oeuvre du procédé d'électrocoagulation pour le traitement des eaux usées et pour la séparation et la purification de milieux biologiques“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC024/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElectrocoagulation (EC) is a non-specific electrochemical method usually used for water and wastewater treatment. In this work, EC is firstly investigated as a conventional wastewater treatment technique for the removal of whey proteins from water, where the mechanisms of removal are explained and a model on whey proteins elimination is developed. Then, EC use is extended for the separation and purification of volatile fatty acids issued from acidogenic fermentation. In this second study, the effects of operating parameters on EC efficiency and cost are discussed. Moreover, EC is used for the harvesting of two microalgae species from their culture medium. In the study that concerns recovering Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, response surface methodology (RSM) is employed and two models for predicting recovery efficiency and operating cost are developed. The harvesting of the other microalgae species Chlorella vulgaris is studied using EC in the batch and continuous modes. In the batch mode, the effects of the main operating parameters on the process effectiveness are explained along with discussing the mechanisms of recovery. In the continuous mode study, response surface methodology (RSM) is applied and a model for predicting microalgae recovery is developed. Finally, comparison of EC performance in continuous mode with and without polarity exchange (PE) to EC performance in batch mode is carried out
Legros, Fanny. „Étude phénoménologique et modélisation des mécanismes d'oxydation et d'adsorption d'impuretés gazeuses en hélium : application à l'optimisation du système de purification d'un réacteur à caloporteur gaz“. Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL106N/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn GEN IV studies on future fission nuclear reactors, two concepts using helium as a coolant have been selected: GFR and VHTR. Among radioactive impurities and dusts, helium can contain H2, CO, CH4, CO2, H2O, O2, as well as nitrogenous species. To optimize the reactor functioning and lifespan, it is necessary to control the coolant chemical composition using a dedicated purification system. A pilot designed at the CEA allows studying this purification system. Its design includes three unit operations: H2 and CO oxidation on CuO, then two adsorption steps. This study aims at providing a detailed analysis of the first and second purification steps, which have both been widely studied experimentally at laboratory scale. A first modelling based on a macroscopic approach was developed to represent the behaviour of the reactor and has shown that the CuO fixed bed conversion is dependent on the chemistry (mass transfer is not an issue) and is complete. The results of the structural analysis of the solids allow considering the CuO as particles made of 200 nm diameter grains. Hence, a new model at grain scale is proposed. It is highlighted that the kinetic constants from these two models are related with a scale factor which depends on geometry. A competition between carbon monoxide and hydrogen oxidation has been shown. Activation energies are around 30 kJ.mol-1. Simulation of the simultaneous oxidations leads to consider CO preferential adsorption. A similar methodology has been applied for CO2 and H2O adsorption. The experimental isotherms showed a Langmuir type adsorption. Using this model, experimental and theoretical results agree
Ortiz, Cancino Olga. „Etude expérimentale de l'adsorption du méthane dans des gaz de schistes colombiens et de la séparation méthane/dioxyde de carbone“. Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3002/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this dissertation we developed three main works in which adsorption phenomenon play a predominant role.According to the BP Statistical Review, Colombia’s reserves/production ratio is close to 12 and currently all the natural gas production comes from conventional reserves; meanwhile its unconventional technically recoverable gas reserves are about twelve times greater than conventional ones. Most of them are located in the Middle Magdalena Valley Sedimentary Basin (MMV). In this context we measured the methane adsorption capacity on five shale core samples obtained during exploratory drilling from three boreholes located in the MMV. The experiments were carried out at 50 and 75°C and for pressure ranging up to 3.5 MPa under dry conditions. The geochemical and structural characterizations were carried out in the Department of Geology of the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. The effect of total organic carbon (TOC), thermal maturity, clay content and specific surface area (SSA) on methane adsorption capacity was studied. The results shows that the temperature has a negative effect on the adsorption capacity, while TOC has a positive effect, even if no linear regression was found between TOC and methane adsorption capacity. No correlation was observed between the clay content and the TOC-normalized adsorption capacity to methane, which indicates that clay minerals do not significantly contribute to methane adsorption in the case of our samples. In addition, there is not a general trend between TOC normalized and thermal maturity. Among the factors investigated in the present study, TOC has the major contribution to the adsorption uptake. A similar contribution is found for the SSA, which is consistent, considering the positive correlation between TOC and SSA. This set of data represents meaningful information for indirect estimations of the gas in place during the future recovery strategies. And maybe the most important, this study furthers the ongoing projects on the understanding of the adsorption effect on shale gas production and assessment.In addition to this work, we made a study on selective CH4/CO2 adsorption on a shale gas, which was previously characterized. The adsorption capacity and enthalpy of CO2 and CH4 pure at 50°C and for pressures up to 3.2 MPa were measured. Additionally, the equimolar mixture methane/carbon dioxide adsorption isotherms was performed up to 2 MPa at the same temperature. The results show that CO2 is preferentially adsorbed than methane, both in pure state as in the mixture. The estimated selectivity CO2/CH4 highlights a significant affinity of CO2 with the kerogen of this sample. These results are of great interest from an industrial point of view, because they mean that this shale could be a candidate for CO2 injection as recovery method; and for CO2 storage when it was depleted. Finally, having into account that separation and capture of CO2 have environmental connotations, we explored the separation of CO2 from an equimolar CH4/CO2 mixture using adsorbents of silica nanoparticles (natives and functionalized with amines) developed in the University of Vigo. We measured the adsorption capacity and enthalpy of CO2 and CH4 at 50°C and pressures up to 3MPa and the equimolar CH4/CO2 adsorption capacity at the same temperature and up to 2 MPa in both set of nanoparticles. The results showed that there is a preferential adsorption to CO2 over CH4 (in pure state and in the mixture), but CO2 adsorption is lower in native particles than in functionalized ones. However native particles are promising for CO2 capture. The value of selectivity of CO2 over CH4 is almost the same for both samples, it means that the functionalization process did not improve the performance of the particles in this case. This kind of works has a lot of perspective for the future
Shalygin, Maxim. „Réalisation et caractérisation du transport sélectif gazeux de contacteurs gaz-liquide à membrane (Selective transport of gases in gas-liquid membrane system)“. Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL022N/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCombined gas-liquid membrane systems gather the advantages of membrane and absorption separation techniques. Specifically, selective membrane valves (SMV called flowing liquid membranes) were studied, i.e. creation, gas transport experiments, liquid nature and temperature dependences, and modelling. SMV use a flowing layer of liquid supported between two membranes. The 1st part of the dissertation reports the study of steady and non-steady state gas transports in SMV built out dense polymeric membranes. In the 2nd part is given the development of an original mathematical model for SMV simulation and its experimental assessment for CO2/CH4/H2 mixtures with aqueous solutions of K2CO3. From systematic studies of steady and non-steady state processes, both in flow-through and circulating modes, it was found that increasing of temperature and liquid carrier concentration (K2CO3) leads to the simultaneous rise of permeability and selectivity during CO2 recovery from CO2/H2 mixture
Moura, Leila. „Liquides ioniques pour la séparation des d'hydrocarbures gazeux“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064777.
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