Dissertationen zum Thema „Séparation solide liquide“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-18 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "Séparation solide liquide" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
Tchio, Maurice. „Biotour séquencée, évaluation des géotextiles et de la séparation membranaire solide-liquide“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/MQ42926.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSavoire, Raphaëlle. „Etude multi-échelles de la séparation solide-liquide dans la trituration du lin oléagineux“. Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1760.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe actual linseed trituration process is based on a mechanical pressing followed by a filtration. This process is in agreement with the considerations of sustainable development. The aim of this work was to study the link between the raw material composition (seed or linseed oil) and the process efficiency. The results have shown that mucilage (polysaccharides from the seed cuticule) was not a parameter influencing the linseed cold pressing. In the seed, the mucilage and reserve substances (as oil) accumulation was highly influenced by the meteorological conditions. The expression of seed before maturity had confirmed that the best harvesting period was at the end of the maturation (after 700 growing degree days). A similarity between the expression performances at laboratory scale on 3 g of seeds and at pilot scale (5 kg/h) was highlighted. This could be a sign of a possible transposition towards industrial scale. A strong effect of phospholipids on expressed oil filtration was displayed. An optimal concentration of 2% of lecithin was identified for oil filtration. The suspension stirring during filtration is not necessary to improve the process. But a filtration at 50°C allowed a very significative increase of the filtration rate. The pursuit of this work on pilot and industrial scale should permit to benefit from a method to determine pressability of the seed in the laboratory. This pressability could allow the prediction of the process industrial efficiency during the seed breeding
Larue, Olivier. „Application d'un champ électrique continu pour améliorer la séparation liquide-solide de suspensions colloi͏̈dales“. Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1490.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe electrotechnologies of electrocoagulation, electroosmotic dewatering and electrofiltration were studied using a continuous electric field. This investigation shows that they improve the liquid-solid separation of colloidal suspensions when they are combined with mechanical processes of decantation and filtration. It also presents methods to reduce their electrical consumption. It has been shown that electrocoagulation constitutes an alternative to traditional chemical coagulation for the purification of water containing colloids thanks to flocs properties. Larger and dense; they are, consequently, more suited to filter and decant. A new electroosmosis process under mechanical compression was tested on a laboratory filter-press to dehydrate saline suspensions. It allowed a 15 % gain of dryness on silica compared with a traditional mechanical dehydration. This work proved that the electrolytic gases and the particles sedimentation influence the electrofiltration kinetics. A model of electrofiltration kinetics was developed to take them into account, in complement of electroosmosis and electrophoresis effects. It is also shown, in electrofiltration, that the electrolysis reactions of water at the electrodes induce variations of pH which can cause an aggregation of the particles in the filter cake. This effect, which strongly increased the cake permeability, represents an useful means to accelerate filtration of a colloidal suspension
Patry, Bernard. „Étude de la séparation solide-liquide de l'effluent d'un réacteur biologique à culture fixée“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27429.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSolid-liquid separation represents a crucial step of biological wastewater treatment processes. It has a large impact on the effluent quality of the facilities. Until now, only few studies were conducted focusing on the separation of solids produced in fixed-film processes. First, the relatively low sludge concentrations do not facilitate bioflocculation making separation less efficient than in activated sludge secondary settlers, where hindered settling occurs. Second, the solids produced in fixed-film biological reactors are mostly sloughed biofilm fragments. The settling potential of that type of particulate matter is quite different from the separation potential of activated sludge. The aim of the present study was to characterize the settleability of solids produced in fixed-film biological reactors. Cells containing BIONEST® inert media allowing the attachment of biomass were incorporated in pilot reactors fed with domestic wastewater. The experimental setup allowed the evaluation of the impact of operating conditions on the settleability of the produced solids. The variables studied were the temperature and organic load. Effluent samples were taken directly downstream the pilot reactors in order to measure the influence of those parameters on the solids’ settling potential. Particle size distributions, settling velocity distributions as well as tests allowing quantification of settleable solids were performed on each sample. The obtained results show that the applied organic load (0,4 to 10 gDBO5Cs/m².d) does not have a statistically significant effect on settleability. The operating temperature (0,1 to 16°C), in contrast, significantly affects solids separability (95% confidence level). The reactors operated at temperatures lower than 14°C allowed the production of solids with the best settling performance (percentage of suspended solids settled and suspended solids concentration after settling). Considering the fact that the settling velocity is a function of particle size, particle size distribution measurements were used to explain the obtained results. Indeed, it can be noted that a larger fraction of large particles (>100 µm) is contained in the effluent of the pilots operated at temperatures between 0,1 and 10°C. The settling performance (central tendencies) as well as the fractions of large particles decreased for pilots operated at temperatures above 10°C.
Akhiar, Afifi. „Caractérisation de la fraction liquide des digestats issus de la codigestion de résidus solides“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS004/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAgricultural and centralized biogas plants are facing a fast development, leading to the production of huge amounts of digestates. Whereas the solid fraction of digestates is used as fertilizer, the liquid fraction can be valorized by the recovery of mineral materials, although the presence of organic compounds may be problematic for the treatment and disposal of this effluent. The objectives of this thesis are: i) to characterize the liquid fraction of digestates and to provide guidelines for its further treatment, ii) to explain the variability of residual compounds in the liquid fraction of digestates in relation with substrate origin, process parameters and the type of solid-liquid separation. In a first part, eleven digestates from full scale codigestion plants were thoroughly characterized. Their liquid fractions were fractionated by nine successive filtrations, which allowed quantifying the contribution of suspended particles, coarse and fine colloids and dissolved matter on several physico-chemical and biological parameters. Organic compounds were mainly found in suspended particles (> 1.2 µm) and presented low aerobic biodegradability. To enlarge the data base, eighteen more digestates from codigestion and one digestate from waste activated sludge were characterized; their liquid fractions were fractionated by two successive filtrations (1.2 μm and 1 kDa). Principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis and correlation matrix carried out on the 30 digestates set, highlighted the major impact of the solid-liquid separation process on the composition of the liquid fraction of digestates. In the high performance separation process group, subgroups allowed separating digestates from sewage sludge, digestates from pig manure and digestates from plug-flow thermophilic processes. In the low performance separation process group, COD and total solids concentration in the liquid fraction of digestates were correlated to the percentage of energy crops and cow manure in the feed. Finally, SUVA parameter which accounts for aromatic compounds content and the stabilization of organic matter, was correlated to the retention time in digester for the whole digestates set. To understand the origin of residual compounds in the liquid fraction of digestates from co-digestion of high proportions of cattle manure, four CSTR reactors fed with wheat straw, cow dung and cow manure were operated for 48 weeks. Anaerobic digestion performances showed that cow manure had undergone some aerobic degradation during its storage at the farm. Therefore, the liquid fraction of manure digestate had the highest concentrations in organic compounds. In addition, these organic compounds had the highest complexity measured by 3D fluorimetry. The low biodegradability of organic compounds and their high percentage in suspended particles suggest the development of physico-chemical separation process such as coagulation for the treatment of the liquid fraction of digestates
Manfoumbi, Christian. „Précipitation des gels de silice en solution aqueuse sursaturée à forte acidité : mécanismes et mésostructures, application à la filtrabilité des pulpes dans les procédés hydrométallurgiques“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30251/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe formation of silica gels in hydrometallurgical processes is very often problematic for the performance of the solid-liquid separation steps, due to clogging of the filters. These steps are carried out downstream of leaching aiming to solubilize the elements of interests, in particular in solutions with strong acidity. Also dissolved during acidic leaching, the silicon then precipitates in the form of silicon oxide and forms gels extremely detrimental to filtration. In collaboration with ERAMET Research, a research center of ERAMET, a french mining group that designs hydrometallurgical processes, we studied the influence of the leaching conditions of a specific ore on the dissolution kinetics of silicon as well as on the mechanisms of precipitation of silica in an acidic solution. We have shown that below a pH value of 2, silica polymerizes to form gels following mechanisms independent of the ionic composition of the solution. Based, on the structural study of the gels, carried out by small angle radiation scattering (SAXS) we proposed a model for the mesotructure, which explain the impact on filtration rates. Subsequently, strategies to modify the mesostructure of the gels by physical or physicochemical approaches were considered. The results have shown the potentialities of these strategies in the short term to improve the filterability of precipitated silica gels in a hydrométallurgical process
Campestrini, Marco. „Étude thermodynamique des équilibres solide-liquide-vapeur : application à la cryogénie et aux unités de séparation de l’air“. Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0035/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the framework of the cryogenic air separation, impurities such as CO2 and N2O may solidify at the reboiler-condenser placed between the two distillation columns.The formed solid could provide an additional strength to the heat and material transfers, and increase the pressure drops in the distillation columns.Furthermore, the presence of a solid phase can promote the accumulation of light hydrocarbons which may form flammable mixtures with liquid oxygen.Therefore, the presence of solid phases must be controlled see avoided within the cryogenic air distillation process.The main issue of this thesis is to develop a suitable model for representing solid phases and their equilibrium with the liquid and vapor phases at the operating conditions of the process, and to obtain full phase diagrams which would improve the knowledge of phase equilibria and the control of the risks associated to the presence of solid phases
Pillin, Béatrice. „Utilisation des champs magnétiques intenses pour la séparation d'inclusions : application aux particules solides immergées dans les métaux liquides“. Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSchmitt, Vivien. „Investigation expérimentale et numérique d'un ouvrage de séparation particulaire en assainissement“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAD023/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe installation of hydraulic structures to separate particles is a key element to improve the quality of water bodies. This PhD work focus on the study of a hydrodynamic separator used to capture large wastes before their discharge into the see. Tangential separation mechanism along a screen is used in this device. The first part of the work consists in studying the hydraulic behavior and the clogging effectiveness of the device with laboratory experiments. A CFD multiscale approach was developed in this work to optimize the shape of the screen in order to avoid clogging. This method, validated against experimental data, allows us to predict that expanded metal stripes are useful to develop turbulence and pressure gradients upstream the screen. This hydrodynamic phenomenon favor particles and pollutants ejection near the apertures. The last part of the work was to study the hydrodynamic behavior and the real efficiency with in situ experiments
Constantin, Boris. „Dragage des sédiments contaminés du lac Saint-Augustin (Québec) et séparation des phases solide-liquide : essai pilote sur plateforme“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30024/30024.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBecause of urban and agricultural pollution, Saint-Augustin Lake (Quebec) is in a eutrophic state, with high content of phosphorus ([Ptot] = 60-120 µg/L). As its sediments are the main source of phosphorus, two techniques of contaminated sediment management were assessed during in situ experiment on a floating platform with enclosures: hydraulic dredging (by pumping) and mechanical dredging (with a clamshell bucket). Three techniques of solid-liquid separation were also assessed on the dredged sediment: decantation, coagulation-filtration and separation by hydrocyclone. The hydraulic dredging managed to limit the phosphorus release from the sediment, not like the mechanical dredging that also caused a resuspension of sediment. The coagulation-filtration and the decantation enabled to obtain a liquid phase clearer than lake water with a very low content in phosphorus, [Psoluble] < 10 µg/L.
Belzile, Martin. „Bilan de masse de différents systèmes de séparation des fractions solide et liquide des déjections porcines directement sous les lattes“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24942/24942.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGervais, Gaël. „Rôle des paramètres opératoires sur la fiabilité d’une analyse multi-résidus de micropolluants dans l’eau : extraction sur phase solide, séparation par chromatographie liquide à très haute pression et détection par spectrométrie de masse en tandem“. Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe occurrence of micropollutants is a major aspect in water quality assessment. For the last few years, analytical methods combining solid-phase extraction, liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry has become the main technique for the analysis of a broad range of micropollutants. On the basis of some pesticides and endocrine disruptor compounds in water analysis, impacts of the parameters: extraction, separation, detection and data processing, on the analysis reliability (repeatability, accuracy, stability, reproducibility…) have been studied. Each step of the analytical method has been optimized and the parameters, affecting substance signals have been discussed. A global reflection upon the cause of signal variations and the possible answers to apply has been conducted. Proposed answers were validated by real matrix analysis and inter-laboratory studies. This work presents the tools and the key-points to ensure the results obtained by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis
Siangsanun, Vorasiri. „Hybrid process : hydrocyclone, coagulation, floculation and flotation for water treatment process“. Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0019/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this study is to develop a hybrid process which combines withcoagulation, floculation and flotation process in a hydroclone for water treatmentprocess. The development is for characterization the hydrodynamics of this process andto find the optimum condition for water treatment process.The hydrodynamics characterization study is carried out by the numericalsimulation (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and experimental work by Dopplerultrasound velocimetry technique to study the hydrodynamics for the further research.The results are used for validating the oil droplet experimental technique and to be thebasis knowledge to explain the phenomena in the hybrid process. Laser diffractiontechnique is involved for determining the micro bubbles size and also study on theparameter affects to the size. The experimental work of a developed hybrid pilot plant is studied with synthesisraw water and natural river water. The objective of this study is to apply this hybridprocess for the water treatment. The parameters have been varied in many operatingconditions to indicate the separation and the water treatment phenomena such as rawwater characteristic, coagulant - floculant type and concentration, air fraction and inletflow rate
Mastouri, Wejdene. „Caractérisation croisée de la double couche électrique se développant à l'interface solide/liquide (304L/NaCl) pour différents états de surface“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2305/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhen a metal is immersed in an electrolyte, a charge distribution is created at the interface and a potential is set up across the two phases. The separation between charges give rise to what are known as electric double layers (EDL). Compared to the usual solid/liquid interfaces investigated in the literature, this study is dedicated to the EDL at the stainless steel 304L / passive film / NaCl (0.01M) interface by combining electrochemical, electrical and physical methods. First, a methodology has been set up to characterise the EDL by the electrochemical methods: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Both the effective capacity and the surface charge density were evaluated. Then, several parameters were investigated such as the electrolyte concentration, the applied potential and the influence on the EDL of the surface preparation. The results showed that the double layer capacitance depends mainly on the concentration of the electrolyte and on the applied potential. The roughness seems to have a poor influence on the measured capacitance. Various physico-chemical analysis were performed in order to characterise the passive films formed at the surface: no significant difference could have been evidence between the surfaces before and after immersion. Finally, the volume charge density was also determined by the liquid flow electrification measurement. Whatever the characterization techniques used (EIS, CV or flow electrification), the same trend was observed with regard to the influence of the concentration on the characteristics of the EDL
Ricoux, Quentin. „Extraction sélective de métaux du groupe platine par sorption sur des polymères fonctionnels à base de phosphines“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS283.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this work consists in studying and implementing innovative functional polymer materials under powder form for the selective extraction of platinum group metals (PGM) from industrial effluents. The main interest of the polymeric materials studied in this work relies on their shaping powder, avoiding the use of inert support, and their binding functions: phosphine (MP-101) and phosphine oxide (MP-102).It has been shown that Pd2 + sorption (target metal ion) occurs by chelation through the phosphine functionalities onto the MP-101 and through the phosphine oxides functionalities on the MP-102. This binding mode induces higher sorption energies and selectivity toward Pd than the currently ion exchange mode. While the operating parameters such as pH, ionic strength and composition of the effluent were shown to affect the Pd sorption onto the MP-102, sorption onto MP-101 is less affected by these operating parameters since the interactions phosphine-palladium are very strong. Consequently, the Pd sorption onto MP-102 is completely reversible by elution with thiourea and sorption onto MP-101 lead to sorption capacities up to 8 mmol.g-1 in solutions representative of industrial effluents where the concentration of sulfuric acid can reach several moles per liter. The MP-102 has been implemented in a continuous process coupling a sorption stage with microfiltration. This system allowed using the polymer during successive sorption-desorption cycles without loose of sorption efficiency. This coupled process allowed the selective extraction of palladium and platinum from a leach solution with catalysts. The MP-101 was implemented in a system coupling sorption with a flocculation-decantation stage followed by the incineration of the sludge, allowing the recovery of metals in metallic form. This method has been successfully applied to mining effluents to the selective extraction of Pd and Pt
Jean-Baptiste, Conrardy. „Contribution à l’étude de l’électro-compression des boues résiduaires urbaines“. Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3037/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the purpose to reduce waste amount, the electro-dewatering process is a promising technique to efficiently withdraw a large part of the water included in wastewater sludge. This PhD thesis contributes in various ways to the study of this technique. Lab-scale experiments showed correlations between dewatering kinetics and energy consumption of the process. Moreover, a new model, relatively simple, is proposed to study and simulate the process. This model highlights the main phenomena involved in the electro-dewatering. Finally, a study of the migration of chemical species during the dewatering process is carried out thanks to an analytical protocol measuring ions in filtrates and sludge slices.1
Hassen, Barkai Allatchi. „Caractérisation d’un écoulement diphasique dans un airlift sous dépression. Application pour l’extraction des matières solides en suspension“. Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBubble columns are gas-liquid contactors widely used in industry, especially in chemical, biological and mineralogical process applications. In the range of bubble columns available, the vacuum airlift is a French innovation with very interesting characteristics for hydraulic pumping, mass transfer and suspended matter separation. This thesis work is part of the development of this improved airlift, which is widely used in the industrial environment. The objective of the thesis is the hydrodynamic characterization of the airlift column under vacuum and analysis of its capacities to ensure the solid-liquid separation function. This work is exclusively experimental and the experimental setup is a vertical bubble column in plexiglass under vacuum and connected to a recirculation basin. The hydrodynamic analysis was carried out using a differential pressure sensor for the global study and using a double optical probe for local characterization. Results obtained made it possible to study flow regime. The main parameters obtained are the void fraction, superficial velocity and bubbles diameter. Particle Image Velocimetry is applied to visualize and analyze the flow structures in the recirculation basin. The extracting capacities of the column were studied in tap water with the addition of surfactants. Soluble casein and Methyl Iso Butyl Carbinol (MIBC) are the two surfactants that have given the best results in terms of solid-liquid separation of suspended matter. This work contributed to the understanding hydrodynamics for vacuum airlift column and helped to highlight the potential of this column in the solid-liquid separation process. This work also opens the way to numerical modelling of airlift column hydrodynamics from experimental results
El, Osta Racha. „De nouveaux solides hybrides poreux : synthèse, caractérisation, mécanismes de formation et séparation en phase liquide“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring the last decade, research on the synthesis of MOF (Metal-Organic Framework) porous materials has been the subject of many studies due to potential applications of the materials. These crystalline compounds present three-dimensional atomic structures constructed from inorganic motifs linked by organic ligands (polycarboxylic acid) forming cavities with different geometries (cages, tunnels, etc. . . ) with sizes up to 30-40 Å and characterized by high specific surface areas (500-4000 m2. G-1). The prospect of new applications in the area of separation, recovery and purification of organic molecules in liquid phase using a porous inorganic-organic hybrid was a challenge to be addressed in the context of this thesis. The innovative and very promising properties of MIL-53 (Fe) led to a new method for the separation of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and the three isomers of xylene) by HPLC chromatography. In addition, the solvothermal synthesis, crystal structure resolution and physicochemical characterizations of various lightweight solids based on alkali metals (lithium and sodium) and polycarboxylic acids have been reported, as well as the study of the mechanisms of formation of some MOFs by in situ X-ray diffraction (synchrotron radiation). Using a new kinetic model it has proved possible to distinguish the two main steps of the phenomenon of crystallization: nucleation and growth