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Dissertationen zum Thema „Shape mining“
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1
Williams, Stephen Bruce. "The effect of scale and shape on the strength of Merensky Reef samples." Diss., Pretoria: [s.n.], 2000. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11092006-132936/.
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2
ROBINETTE, KATHLEEN M. "AN INVESTIGATION OF 3-D ANTHROPOMETRIC SHAPE DESCRIPTORS FOR DATABASE MINING." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1069446990.
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3
Clark, Daniel. "Net shape engineering for high performance aerospace applications : targeted development of novel technologies for aerospace near net shape combustor module applications." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7200/.
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Two additive processing scenarios were considered covering manufacturing and repair applications. One scenario required evaluation of three processes for the addition of shaped blocks to a casing. The other involved infilling a shallow hemispherical indent with one of three polycrystalline alloys (alloy 718, waspaloy™ and RR1000) using different deposition strategies. Processinduced discontinuities were characterised and controlled using a design of experiments approach. As distinct from welding, process variables of overlap, Toolpath, bead shape,sequencing and incremental height were established as influential variables Toolpath in particular can give markedly different textures and grain alignment which would be expected to influence mechanical anisotropy. Fine pool processes seem less prone to cracking and more likely to yield fine microstructures.
4
Li, Sheng. "Development and processing of Ti-Ni-based shape memory alloys using laser melting techniques." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7584/.
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This thesis focused on the development of Ti-Ni-based shape memory alloys using a novel alloy development process based on laser melting technique, suspended droplet alloying (SDA), and on development of a manufacturing route Ti-Ni-based structures using selective laser melting (SLM), specifically for Negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) auxetic structures. To assess the SDA process, a series of Ti-Ni-based binary, ternary and quaternary SMA have been built to analyse the chemical and microstructural homogeneity of the builds produced by the SDA process. The shape memory performance in terms of the transformation temperature, thermal stability and thermo-mechanical stability was also investigated and compared with commercial SMA and literatures. It proved that the SDA built sample was comparable to the bulk SMA built by other alloy development processes. To assess the processability of Ti-Ni-based alloys, SLM process parameters were optimised for Ti-Ni SMA and the SMA NPR structure was built for mechanical testing. It was found that the SLM process parameters can severely alter the microstructure and shape memory properties due to different cooling rate and Ni vaporisation. Finally, TiNiCuNb and TiNiHfCuNb alloys were developed using SDA to improve the shape memory properties by altering the precipitates. The analysis of these alloys indicated that the addition of Cu, Hf and Nb altered the precipitate types and morphology altogether, resulting in a unique shape memory behaviour during thermal cycling.
5
Qiu, Chunlei. "Net-shape hot isostatic pressing of a nickel-based powder superalloy." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1255/.
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Microstructural analysis and mechanical property assessment have been carried out on hot isostatically pressed (HIPped) and heat treated samples of RR 1000 powder to assess Net Shape HIPping as a process-route for aero engine components. HIPping led to (Hf,Zr)-rich oxides and carbides on prior particle boundaries (PPBs) which could be coarsened, but not eliminated by changing the HIP procedure. HIPping above the γ′ solvus resulted in coarser grains with serrated boundaries and in the formation of irregular-shaped secondary γ′ and fan-type γ-γ′ structures. Factors which influence the growth and morphology of γ′ particles are considered and it is shown that particle impingement dominates in the formation of irregular γ′ during continuous cooling from supersolvus. Solution treatment near the HIPping temperature led to thermally induced pores (TIP) but lower temperatures avoided TIP and changed the γ′ size, distribution and morphology giving a large volume fraction of finer cuboidal secondary γ′ and medium-sized spherical tertiary γ′.
6
Kirkpatrick, R. "Unique Factors which shape the Role of the HR practitioner: An Australian Metals Mining Industry Perspective." Thesis, Kirkpatrick, R. (2012) Unique Factors which shape the Role of the HR practitioner: An Australian Metals Mining Industry Perspective. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/22625/.
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The overwhelming voice in the SHRM literature over the past two decades has advocated ‘soft’ human or employee relations over ‘harder’ , more prescriptive management science; with much of the literature focusing on the application of high-commitment management (HCM), or high involvement work systems (HIWS), as a way of achieving competitive advantage. Although there has been substantial effort expended to establish a link between such practices and improved firm outcomes, the research has rarely focused on the role of the Human Resource practitioner from the incumbent’s perspective, in implementing and supporting these outcomes. This study uses an approach combining semi-structured interviews, a face to face structured questionnaire based on Ulrich’s (1993) HR role framework, combined with a Delphi study to examine the role of the Human Resource professional within the Australian metals mining industry.
Results from the study indicate that the role of the HR professional within the Australian metals mining industry has not developed as consistent with the dominant discourse on Strategic Human Resource Management in the HRM and SHRM literature. Rather, the evidence suggests that the current HR practitioner is more focussed on operational activities and in performing the ‘employee champion’ role, instead of the ‘strategic’ role.
In the case of the Australian Metals Mining Industry (AMMI) the study has identified that contextual constraints have contributed significantly to the operational focus of the HR role, and that these should not be ignored when examining the implementation of SHRM practices. The results of this study challenge the application of a SHRM ‘best practice’ approach in achieving competitive advantage, and point to a need for re-examining harder, operationally focused but contextually sensitive approach to HRM practices
7
Kalmegh, Prajakta. "Image mining methodologies for content based retrieval." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39587.
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The thesis presents a system for content based image retrieval and mining. The research presents a design of a scalable solution for efficient retrieval of images from large image databases using image features such as color, shape and texture. A framework for automatic labeling of images and clustering of meta data in database based on the dominant shapes, textures and colors in the image is proposed. The thesis also presents a new image tagging methodology to annotate the dominant image features to the image as meta data.
The users of this system can input a query image and select similar image retrieval criteria by selecting a feature type from amongst color, texture or shape. The system retrieves images from the database that match the specified pattern and displays them by relevance. The user can enter a set of keywords or a combination of keywords that form the input text query. Images in the database that match the input text query are fetched and displayed. This ensures content based similar image search even for text based search. An efficient clustering algorithm is shown to improve the image retrieval by an order of magnitude.
8
Haenschke, Titus Paul. "Degradation of TiNi-based shape memory alloys (SMAs) during thermo-mechanical cycling." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4387/.
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This thesis is aimed at the identification of causes for the instability of Ti-49.8Ni and Ti-40.8Ni-9Cu (at.%)shape memory alloys during thermomechanical cycling. To assess the macroscopical and microstructural behaviour several techniques were employed. Thermo-mechanical tests (TMT) revealed that TiNi did not stabilise under the tested conditions. In contrast, TiNiCu showed a more stable behaviour. Whereas the maximum testing temperatures were found to be detrimental for the strain output in TiNi, none such influence could be found in TiNiCu. In TiNiCu increasing stresses seems to prevent the material stabilisation.During in-situ TMTs under high energy X-ray radiation in a synchrotron, microstructural factors influencing the stability of the material were assessed. No hint on a negative influence of remnant or intermediate phases and texture or variant selection was found. Instead increasingly negative strains build up in austenite possibly causing instabilities. In TiNiCu differences in the processing where found to cause changes in the phase transformation temperatures. These could be linked with differences in the chemical composition and in the level of inhomogeneity of precipitates.
9
Routledge, David Philip. "Joining of NiTi-based shape memory alloys to Ti-6Al-4V." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4262/.
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NiTi-based shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been developed as high power density micro-actuators for small scale and/or light weight actuation systems; this provides opportunities for actuators to be installed in regions where conventional actuators are unattractive due to their size, weight or power consumption. SMA based actuators could be applied across a greater range of applications if the SMA that provides the force could be joined to other light weight engineering materials, such as Ti-6Al-4V. The scope of this work is to describe the reasons why conventional fusion based welding and brazing procedures fail to provide strong joints between Ti-6Al-4V and NiTi-based SMAs, then detail a novel brazing method that can join these materials. This novel joining method involves using a localised heating method to braze the parent metals together. This localised brazing method prevents the shape memory properties from being compromised. The strength of the joints produced in this work have been related to their microstructure, which in turn have been related to the processing steps used to produce the joint. A study of the processing parameters was conducted to investigate the potential of this method as a large scale production joining method.
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Rodriguez, Juan. "Importance of the particle shape on mechanical properties of soil materials." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geoteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26434.
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Particle shape of soil aggregates is known to influence several engineering properties; such as the internal friction angle, the permeability, etc. Even if this is known, there has been only minor progress in explaining the processes behind its performance and has only partly implemented in practical geotechnical analysis. Previously shape classification of aggregates has mainly been performed by ocular inspection and e.g. by sequential sieving. In geotechnical analysis has been a lack of an objective and rational methodology to classify shape properties by quantitative measures. The image analysis, as quantitative methodology, is tested and it is investigated how the results are affected by resolution, magnification level and type of shape describing quantity. Tailings as a part of granular materials need to be stored safely in facilities and for a long time perspective a good knowledge of current and future materials properties is needed. Tailings are site specific and not well investigated compare to natural geological materials. There also is a need of prognosis tools for long term behavior. Based on laboratory test tailings from Aitik mine has been investigated through triaxial test and particle shape (using two dimensions image analysis).The overview has shown that there is no agreement on the usage of the descriptors and is not clear which descriptor is the best. The resolution in the processed image needs to be considered since it influences descriptors such as e.g. the perimeter. Recent development in image analysis processing has opened up for classification of particles by shape. The interpreted results show that image analysis is a promising methodology for particle shape classification. Results are affected by the image acquisition procedure, the image processing, and the choice of quantity, there is a need to establish a methodology to ensure the objectivity in the particle shape classification. A comparison between laboratory shear strength tests of the analysed tailings material and previously published empirical relationships between shape and friction angle indicates that the minimum quantity value have the shortest difference between obtained data and expected results.<br><p>Godkänd; 2013; 20131002 (juarod); Tillkännagivande licentiatseminarium 2013-10-11 Nedanstående person kommer att hålla licentiatseminarium för avläggande av teknologie licentiatexamen. Namn: Juan M. Rodriguez Ämne: Geoteknik/Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Uppsats: Importance of the Particle Shape on Mechanical Properties of Soil Materials Examinator: Professor Sven Knutsson, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Fil mag., teknisk specialist Sven Wallman, NCC Construction Sverige AB, Göteborg Tid: Onsdag den 6 november 2013 kl 10.00 Plats: F1031, Luleå tekniska universitet</p>
11
Li, Yunming. "Machine vision algorithms for mining equipment automation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000.
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12
Sellaro, Rachel Mary. "Development and Demonstration of a Standard Methodology for Respirable Coal Mine Dust Characterization Using SEM-EDX." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49434.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the potential for a more comprehensive method of analysis of coal mine dust. Respirable dust is specifically of interest due to its ability to cause occupational lung disease when miners are overexposed to airborne concentrations. A detailed standard methodology to characterize respirable mine dust is carefully investigated with the use of scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX). In addition to a thorough description of the developed particle level characterization approach, the method is demonstrated with underground respirable dust samples collected from an underground coal mine in Central Appalachia.
Results of this thesis indicate that a comprehensive dust characterization method is possible and can be efficient and effective, when standardized. This analytical approach uses measured compositions, dimensions, and shapes to produce an abundance of data in even a single sample of dust. Verification results show the method is suitable for analysis of respirable particles of common coal mine mineralogy and analysis of many samples in a timely manner. The results obtained from the underground samples in Central Appalachia reveal the quantity of information which can be generated using the developed method. The amount of data which is acquired using the more comprehensive dust characterization method may aid in understanding the health effects of various dust characteristics.<br>Master of Science
13
Fidan, Berkan. "A Comparative Analysis Of The Recent Cement Grinding Systems With Particle-based Influences On Cement Properties." Thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612997/index.pdf.
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The conventional cement grinding system, the ball mill, has very poor
efficiencies in spite of innovative improvements. For this purpose, development
of new techniques, which allow proper size reduction and uniform particle size
distribution with less specific energy consumptions, have become a necessity.
The aim of this study is to make a comparative analysis of the fairly new cement
grinding technologies, COMFLEX®<br>Grinding System, Roller Press and
HOROMILL®<br>, at the same cement production plant with the same raw materials.
In this context, CEM I 42.5 R type cement was produced with a fixed Blaine
fineness of 3600 (±<br>100) cm2/g at three different grinding units. The same raw
materials, clinker and gypsum, and identical feeding ratios, 95% and 5%, were
used to produce cement. Accordingly, these different grinding techniques were
inspected with respect to the microstructural properties of cement particles, and
the relative chemical, physical and mechanical properties of products.
It was found that the main cement grinding parameters, specific surface area
and sieve residue, do not show expected relation and change with each grinding
system due to differences in the size reduction technique. Moreover, strength
and other hardened mortar properties are directly affected by the liberation
conditions of reactive grains at grinding stages.High capacity and low specific energy consumption i.e. the breaking and cracking
efficiency of the roller press and higher grinding performance of the ball mill
promoted the COMFLEX®<br>system. On the other hand, the roller press was clearly
advantageous at early strength performances with moderate specific energy
usages during grinding. Nonetheless, it also had drawbacks like higher water
demand and earlier setting times (which mean higher hydration temperatures).
When the wideness and sharpness of classification results were considered,
HOROMILL®<br>gave better results with high circulation and efficient air
classification design<br>although there were weaknesses of the system such as
lower capacity and higher specific energy consumption rate.
14
Consularo, Luís Augusto. "Técnicas de mineração de dados para análise de imagens." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-14012009-101451/.
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Imagens codificadas por matrizes de intensidade são tipicamente representadas por grande quantidade de dados. Embora existam inúmeras abordagens para análise de imagens, o conhecimento sobre problemas específicos é raramente considerado. Este trabalho trata sobre problemas de análises de imagens cujas soluções dependem do conhecimento sobre os dados envolvidos na aplicação específica. Para isso, utiliza técnicas de mineração de dados para modelar as respostas humanas obtidas de experimentos psicofísicos. Dois problemas de análise de imagens são apresentados: (1) a análise de formas e (2) a análise pictórica. No primeiro problema (1), formas de neurônios da retina (neurônios ganglionares de gato) são segmentadas e seus contornos submetidos a uma calibração dos parâmetros de curvatura considerando a segmentação manual de um especialista. Outros descritores, tais como esqueletos multi-escalas são explorados para eventual uso e avaliação da abordagem. No segundo problema (2), a análise pictórica de imagens de home-pages serve para avaliar critérios estéticos a partir de medidas de complexidade, contraste e textura. O sistema generaliza as respostas por um experimento psicofísico realizados com humanos. Os resultados objetivos com as duas abordagens revelaram-se promissores, surpreendentes e com ampla aplicabilidade.<br>Images coded by intensity matrices typically involve large amount of data. Although image analysis approaches are diverse, knowledge about specific problems is rarely considered. This work is about image analysis problems whose solutions depend on the knowledge about the involved data. In order to do so data mining techniques are applied to model human response to psychophysical experiments. Two image analysis problems are addressed: (1) shape analysis; and (2) pictorial analysis. In the former, neuronal images (ganglion retinal cells of cat) are segmented and curvature parameters are calibrated to identify extremities and branches on the shape considering human segmentation as a reference. Descriptors such as multiscale skeletons are also explored for potential application or evaluations. In the second problem, a pictorial analysis of home-pages images feed an artificial aesthetics criteria evaluator based on complexity, contrast and texture features. The system models and generalizes the obtained human responses to psychophysical experiment. The results for these two approaches are promising, surprising and widely applicable.
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Hörr, Christian. "Algorithmen zur automatisierten Dokumentation und Klassifikation archäologischer Gefäße." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-71895.
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Gegenstand der vorliegenden Dissertation ist die Entwicklung von Algorithmen und Methoden mit dem Ziel, Archäologen bei der täglichen wissenschaftlichen Arbeit zu unterstützen. Im Teil I werden Ideen präsentiert, mit denen sich die extrem zeitintensive und stellenweise stupide Funddokumentation beschleunigen lässt. Es wird argumentiert, dass das dreidimensionale Erfassen der Fundobjekte mittels Laser- oder Streifenlichtscannern trotz hoher Anschaffungskosten wirtschaftlich und vor allem qualitativ attraktiv ist. Mithilfe von nicht fotorealistischen Visualisierungstechniken können dann wieder aussagekräftige, aber dennoch objektive Bilder generiert werden. Außerdem ist speziell für Gefäße eine vollautomatische und umfassende Merkmalserhebung möglich. Im II. Teil gehen wir auf das Problem der automatisierten Gefäßklassifikation ein. Nach einer theoretischen Betrachtung des Typbegriffs in der Archäologie präsentieren wir eine Methodologie, in der Verfahren sowohl aus dem Bereich des unüberwachten als auch des überwachten Lernens zum Einsatz kommen. Besonders die letzteren haben sich dabei als überaus praktikabel erwiesen, um einerseits unbekanntes Material einer bestehenden Typologie zuzuordnen, andererseits aber auch die Struktur der Typologie selbst kritisch zu hinterfragen. Sämtliche Untersuchungen haben wir beispielhaft an den bronzezeitlichen Gräberfeldern von Kötitz, Altlommatzsch (beide Lkr. Meißen), Niederkaina (Lkr. Bautzen) und Tornow (Lkr. Oberspreewald-Lausitz) durchgeführt und waren schließlich sogar in der Lage, archäologisch relevante Zusammenhänge zwischen diesen Fundkomplexen herzustellen<br>The topic of the dissertation at hand is the development of algorithms and methods aiming at supporting the daily scientific work of archaeologists. Part I covers ideas for accelerating the extremely time-consuming and often tedious documentation of finds. It is argued that digitizing the objects with 3D laser or structured light scanners is economically reasonable and above all of high quality, even though those systems are still quite expensive. Using advanced non-photorealistic visualization techniques, meaningful but at the same time objective pictures can be generated from the virtual models. Moreover, specifically for vessels a fully-automatic and comprehensive feature extraction is possible. In Part II, we deal with the problem of automated vessel classification. After a theoretical consideration of the type concept in archaeology we present a methodology, which employs approaches from the fields of both unsupervised and supervised machine learning. Particularly the latter have proven to be very valuable in order to assign unknown entities to an already existing typology, but also to challenge the typology structure itself. All the analyses have been exemplified by the Bronze Age cemeteries of Kötitz, Altlommatzsch (both district of Meißen), Niederkaina (district of Bautzen), and Tornow (district Oberspreewald-Lausitz). Finally, we were even able to discover archaeologically relevant relationships between these sites
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Östlund, Jacob, and Kristian Kierkegaard. "Uranium Mining Industry : -A valuation of uranium mining companies." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Accounting and Finance, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-927.
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<p>Background:</p><p>Over the last three years uranium prices have soard from US $14 per pound (lb) to the current price of US $120/lb and this rapid incline of the commodity have created a boom within the uranium prospecting and min-ing industry. There are currently 435 nuclear reactors all over the world and these reactors demand 180 millions of pounds of uranium each year to run at full production. Currently the uranium mining industry only sup-plies 110 million pounds of the demanded quantity. The remaining 70 mil-lion pounds are coming from secondary sources such as decommissioned nuclear warheads and other sources. Market estimations say that the sec-ondary sources will only cover the shortage up until around 2012 then primary sources have to supply almost the whole quantity demanded. These factors imply that some sort of analysis model for uranium mining companies would be needed.</p><p>Purpose:</p><p>The purpose of this report is to valuate three companies within the ura-nium industry and to establish if the current market value is coherent with the fundamental value of these companies. The authors will propose a valuation model that could be used when valuating companies within the uranium industry.</p><p>Method:</p><p>A qualitative method has been used in order to value three companies within the uranium mining business that are fairly large players on the market. The valuation of these companies is based upon a discounted cash flow analysis, a relative PV valuation and relative valuation. The compa-nies included in the report are corporations that are quoted at Toronto Stock Exchange and they have started mining uranium. Data have been collected through annual reports and the companies Internet pages. Other secondary information such as valuation theories has been collected from academic search engines and books on the subjects.</p><p>Conclusions:</p><p>The current market values of uranium mining companies are not coherent with the actual fundamental values according to the authors. Both funda-mental and a comparative approach could be used when valuing these companies and the most important part in the valuation is to try and fore-cast the commodity price and then to estimate the companies possible mining reserve/extractable resources.</p>
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Winfield, Catherine (Catherine Anne). "Autopoietic landscapes : the architectural implications of mining the Marcellus Shale." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79137.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2013.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-115).<br>Hydraulic fracturing, a form of natural gas extraction, is a process deeply embedded in the networks of politics, power, economics, energy, infrastructure, and land use. Hydraulic fracturing has become a standard practice by energy companies looking to capitalize of dwindling resources. This coupled with the discovery of 2.2 trillion cubic feet of natural gas within the United States has expanded the practice of hydraulic fracturing at an alarming rate. This thesis explores the impacts of this process through the design of a series of site interventions based on the conceptual exploitation of its current failures. The failures of the system exploited include the deregulation of the industry and the risk that such large scale toxic processes create. These site interventions varying in scale, impact, execution, and discipline. As fracking proliferates, these interventions become more legible across the landscape, indicators of contamination. This thesis does not seek to demonize the practice of hydraulic fracturing. Rather this thesis seeks to produce a "fracked urbanism" which has embedded these atmospheric indicators, reflecting the multivalent impacts of hydraulic fracturing. Therefore, creating an autopoietic landscape, a landscape whose architectural, technological and infrastructural components ebb and flow with the presence of the fracking's failures.<br>by Catherine Winfield.<br>M.Arch.
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Oisalu, Ott, and Taavi Lõhmuste. "STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A LONGWALL MINING IN NARVA OIL SHALE MINE." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65372.
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Oil shale industry in Estonia is looking at other mining technologies as alternative to strip mining and room and pillar mining methods. One such alternative to the room and pillar method is the punch-longwall mining method. Enefit Kaevandused AS, one of the major oil shale companies in Estonia, plans to employ this technology in exploiting some of its resources in the near future. This thesis examines the different stability problems related to the planned punch-longwall mining project in Narva oil shale mine. Determining optimal chain pillar dimensions and stability of the punch-longwall highwall slope are the main objectives of this project. Rock mechanical analyses have been done and recommendations are made based on the rock mechanical aspect of the mining process. Taavi Lõhmuste is responsible for the chain pillar stability analysis and Ott Oisalu for the punch-longwall highwall slope stability analysis. It is essential to understand the geology of a certain area in order to make accurate stability assessments. Because of the previously stated requirements, the geology of Estonian oil shale deposit is examined in the first part of the thesis in order to determine the geological and rock mechanical conditions to set the foundation for further analyses. In conclusion, for the part of the highwall slope, a properly designed barrier pillar plays a key role in the stability of the slope. After reviewing and analyzing the results of both highwall slope numerical models, it can be stated that the minimum length for the barrier pillar that still will yield in stable highwall slope is 65 meters. For the part of the chain pillars, in conclusion, it can be determined that optimal chain pillar dimensions that should be suitable, from the stability standpoint, are 6x6 meters for 3-entry system and 7x7 meters for 2-entry system (length x width).
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Luud, Aarne. "Evaluation of moose habitats and forest reclamation in Estonian oil shale mining areas /." Online version, 2006. http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/bitstream/10062/684/5/luudaarne.pdf.
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Shepard, Michael. "Shale and Family Through the Boom and Bust: Shale Employment’s Impact on Marriage, Divorce, and Cohabitation." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523873757214608.
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De, Witt Jan Daniel. "The relevance of corporate entrepreneurship in share price performance : a mining industry study." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76032.
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The South African mining industry, along with international trends, has showed an alarming decline with negative consequences on economic growth, as well as negative socio-economic impacts. However, the reliance on mining in South Africa is still significant, and ways are being investigated to prolong the industry’s life and maximise the benefits which it still holds. As production levels reduce, more dependence is placed on the underlying commodity prices to facilitate share price growth, and to provide investors with an acceptable return. With this in mind, corporate entrepreneurship (CE) becomes imperative as a third driver to unlock value for investors and to ensure the sustainability of the industry.
This study explores the relationship between CE activities and its impact on the share
prices of listed South African mining companies. The research used an event study
methodology and included an efficient market hypotheses theoretical framework. The
findings showed a significant relationship was established, between CE activities
focusing on structural related actions and share prices. In addition, the study also
contributed knowledge to the advantages of CE activities and its relationship with
existing theories on share price influences.<br>Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2019.<br>pt2020<br>Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)<br>MBA<br>Unrestricted
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Felin, Rémi. "Découverte évolutive de connaissance à partir de graphes de données RDF." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04874737.
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Les graphes de connaissance sont des collections de descriptions interconnectées d'entités (objets, événements ou concepts). Ils mettent les données en contexte par le biais de liens sémantiques, fournissant ainsi un cadre pour l'intégration, l'unification, l'analyse et le partage des données. Aujourd'hui, nous disposons d'un grand nombre de graphes de connaissance riches en données factuelles, dont la construction et l'enrichissement est une tâche relativement bien maîtrisée. Ce qui est plus difficile et plus coûteux, c'est de doter ces graphes de schémas, règles et contraintes qui permettent de vérifier leur cohérence et de déduire des connaissances implicites par raisonnement. Cette thèse présente une approche basée sur la technique d'évolution grammaticale pour la découverte automatique de nouvelles connaissances à partir d'un graphe de données représenté en RDF. Cette approche repose sur l'idée que les connaissances candidates sont générées à partir d'un mécanisme heuristique (exploitant les données du graphe), testés contre les données du graphe, et évoluent à travers un processus évolutionnaire de sorte à ce que seules les connaissances candidates les plus crédibles soient conservées. Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la découverte d'axiomes OWL qui permettent, par exemple, d'exprimer des relations entre concepts et d'inférer, à partir de ces relations, de nouvelles informations factuelles. Les axiomes candidats sont évalués à partir d'une heuristique existante basée sur la théorie des possibilités, permettant de considérer l'incomplétude des informations d'un graphe de données. Cette thèse présente les limites de cette heuristique et une série de contributions permettant une évaluation significativement moins coûteuse en temps de calcul. Cela a permis l'évaluation efficace d'axiomes candidats lors du processus évolutif, nous menant ainsi à la découverte d'un grand nombre d'axiomes candidats pertinents vis-à-vis d'un graphe de données RDF. Dans un second temps, nous avons proposé une approche pour la découverte de shapes SHACL qui expriment des contraintes que les données RDF doivent respecter. Elles sont utiles pour contrôler la cohérence (par exemple, structurelle) des données du graphe et facilitent l'intégration de nouvelles données. L'évaluation de shapes candidates repose sur l'évaluation SHACL des données vis-à-vis de ces formes, à laquelle nous ajoutons un cadre probabiliste pour prendre en compte les erreurs et l'incomplétude inhérente des graphes de données lors de l'évaluation de shapes candidates. Enfin, nous présentons RDFminer, une application Web open-source permettant d'exécuter notre approche pour découvrir des axiomes OWL ou des formes SHACL à partir d'un graphe de données RDF. L'utilisateur peut contrôler l'exécution et analyser les résultats en temps réels à travers une interface graphique interactive. Les résultats obtenus montrent que l'approche proposée permet de découvrir un large ensemble de nouvelles connaissances crédibles et pertinentes à partir de graphes de données RDF volumineux<br>Knowledge graphs are collections of interconnected descriptions of entities (objects, events or concepts). They provide context for the data through semantic links, providing a framework for integrating, unifying, analysing and sharing data. Today, we have many factual data-rich knowledge graphs, and building and enriching them is relatively straightforward. Enriching these graphs with schemas, rules or constraints that allow us to check their consistency and infer implicit knowledge by reasoning is more difficult and costly. This thesis presents an approach based on the Grammatical Evolution technique for automatically discovering new knowledge from the factual data of a data graph expressed in RDF. This approach is based on the idea that candidate knowledge is generated from a heuristic mechanism (exploiting the graph data), is tested against the graph data, and evolves through an evolutionary process so that only the most credible candidate knowledge is kept. First, we focused on discovering OWL axioms that allow, for example, the expression of relationships between concepts and the inference of new facts previously unknown from these relationships. Candidate axioms are evaluated using an existing heuristic based on possibility theory, which makes it possible to consider the incompleteness of information in a data graph. This thesis presents the limitations of this heuristic and a series of contributions allowing an evaluation that is significantly less costly in computation time, thus opening up the discovery of candidate axioms using this heuristic. Second, we propose discovering SHACL shapes that express constraints that RDF data must respect. These shapes are useful for checking the data graph's consistency (e.g., structural) and facilitating new data integration. The evaluation of candidate shapes is based on the SHACL evaluation mechanism, for which we proposed a probabilistic framework to take into account errors and the inherent incompleteness of the data graphs. Finally, we present RDFminer, an open-source Web application that executes our approach to discovering OWL axioms or SHACL shapes from an RDF data graph. Through an interactive interface, the user can also control the execution and analyse the results in real-time. The results show that the proposed approach can be used to discover a wide range of new, credible and relevant knowledge from large RDF data graphs
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Gurgenli, Hakan. "Geomechanical and weathering properties of weak roof shales in coal mines." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4717.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 99 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (part col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-81).
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Song, Meining. "Understanding the mechanisms of oxidation of pyritic shale in mining waste and the influence of shale properties on acid mine drainage in the Pilbara Basin." University of Western Australia. Centre for Petroleum, Fuels and Energy, 2010. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0107.
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[Truncated abstract] The influence of environmental conditions and properties of pyritic shale in the mining waste from Mt. Whaleback in Western Australia, in particular the inclusions and encapsulation of pyrite on the oxidation of pyritic shale and its subsequent acid mine drainage, was studied by employing an isothermal batch reactor system and QEMSCAN technique. The experimental technique was validated by comparing the experimental results obtained in this study with the literature data. It was found that the presence of water significantly accelerates the rate of shale oxidation. Weathering of the shale samples was found to influence the O2 consumption rate. It was also found that shale properties have a major effect on the oxidation rate and thereby affect the acid generation. Static test methods (Sobek and Lawrence) were employed to test the Neutralisation Potential (NP) of more than 100 actual and composite samples including pyritic shale samples, rock samples, mineral samples, various pyrite-mineral, pyrite-shale, and pseudo-shale blends. The influence of sample properties (bulk elemental composition, and mineralogy), test technique (Sobek and Lawrence) and associated variables (acid strength and volume) on the acid neutralisation potential of the samples was studied. It was found that the Sobek method produced consistently higher NP results under comparable acid conditions to those obtained with the Lawrence method. The theoretical NP values of individual minerals were calculated based on the mineral composition combined with the acid neutralising equations and ideal chemical formula. ... To experimentally model the major mineral phases, 11 minerals were used to produce pyrite-mineral blends and pseudo-shales, whose compositions mimic those of the actual shales studied. Mineral blends were employed to evaluate and contrast their individual acid generation or neutralisation behaviour with binary and higher order interactions. Blends of pyrite with some selected shales were also employed in this study. It was found that interactions can occur between the multiple mineral components which can enhance the rate of acid generation beyond that of the individual behaviour. It was found that the products from the pre-oxidation of shales, the properties and morphology of a sample such as the surface area, encapsulation, the mineralogy and pH all play a significant role in the acid generation and neutralisation rates. However, the absolute rate of acid generation appears to be most sensitive to the components such as Fe3+, which contribute to its reaction mechanisms. This investigation has provided a scientific insight into the acid generation and neutralisation behaviour of pyritic shale in relation to its mineralogy. It was found that the relative instantaneous rates of acid generation and consumption for individual minerals can be significantly different to that of their total potentials for acid generation and neutralisation. The significantly different behaviour of the actual and pseudo shales suggests that at low pH, there may be other mechanisms underlying the net capacity and rates of shales to generate or consume acid than bulk mineralogy. These findings have significant implications to the mining industry operating in reactive grounds.
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Wilke, Daniel Nicolas. "Approaches to accommodate remeshing in shape optimization." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24270.
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This study proposes novel optimization methodologies for the optimization of problems that reveal non-physical step discontinuities. More specifically, it is proposed to use gradient-only techniques that do not use any zeroth order information at all for step discontinuous problems. A step discontinuous problem of note is the shape optimization problem in the presence of remeshing strategies, since changes in mesh topologies may - and normally do - introduce non-physical step discontinuities. These discontinuities may in turn manifest themselves as non-physical local minima in which optimization algorithms may become trapped. Conventional optimization approaches for step discontinuous problems include evolutionary strategies, and design of experiment (DoE) techniques. These conventional approaches typically rely on the exclusive use of zeroth order information to overcome the discontinuities, but are characterized by two important shortcomings: Firstly, the computational demands of zero order methods may be very high, since many function values are in general required. Secondly, the use of zero order information only does not necessarily guarantee that the algorithms will not terminate in highly unfit local minima. In contrast, the methodologies proposed herein use only first order information, rather than only zeroth order information. The motivation for this approach is that associated gradient information in the presence of remeshing remains accurately and uniquely computable, notwithstanding the presence of discontinuities. From a computational effort point of view, a gradient-only approach is of course comparable to conventional gradient based techniques. In addition, the step discontinuities do not manifest themselves as local minima.<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.<br>Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering<br>unrestricted
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Puura, Erik. "Weathering of mining waste rock containing alum shale and limestone : a case-study of the Maardu dumps, Estonia /." Stockholm, 1998. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs98/puur0526.pdf.
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Sorea, Miruna-Ştefana. "The shapes of level curves of real polynomials near strict local minima." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I055/document.
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Nous considérons une fonction polynomiale de deux variables réelles qui s’annule à l’origine et qui a un minimum local strict en ce point. Nous nous plaçons dans un voisinage de l’origine dans lequel les lignes de niveau non nulles de cette fonction sont des courbes de Jordan lisses. Chaque fois que l’origine est un point critique de Morse, les niveaux suffisamment petits deviennent des bords de disques convexes. Si l’origine n’est pas de Morse, ces courbes de niveau peuvent ne pas être convexes, comme l’a montré Coste.Le but de cette thèse est double. Tout d'abord, nous nous intéressons à la construction d’exemples de minimums locaux stricts et non-Morse dont les lignes de niveau suffisamment petites sont loin d’être convexes. Et deuxièmement, nous étudions un objet combinatoire mesurant cette non-convexité : l’arbre de Poincaré-Reeb de la restriction de la première coordonnée à la région délimitée par une ligne de niveau donnée. Ces arbres planaires sont enracinés et leurs sommets correspondent en gros aux points de la courbe où les tangentes sont verticales.L’objectif principal de notre étude est de caractériser tous les types topologiques possibles d’arbres de Poincaré-Reeb. À cette fin, nous construisons une famille d’exemples réalisant une grande classe de tels arbres. Dans un premier temps, nous concentrons notre attention sur le cas des polynômes d’une variable, en utilisant un outil inspiré du travail de Ghys. L’un de nos résultats principaux donne une preuve nouvelle et constructive de l’existence de polynômes de Morse dont la permutation associée (appelée «le serpent d’Arnold») est séparable<br>We consider a real bivariate polynomial function vanishing at the origin and exhibiting a strict local minimum at this point. We work in a neighbourhood of the origin in which the non-zero level curves of this function are smooth Jordan curves. Whenever the origin is a Morse critical point, the sufficiently small levels become boundaries of convex disks. Otherwise, these level curves may fail to be convex, as was shown by Coste.The aim of the present thesis is twofold. Firstly, to construct examples of non-Morse strict local minima whose sufficiently small level curves are far from being convex. And secondly, to study a combinatorial object measuring this non-convexity, namely the Poincaré-Reeb tree of the restriction of the first coordinate to the region bounded by a given level curve. These planar trees are rooted and their vertices roughly speaking correspond to points on the curve with vertical tangent lines.The main objective of our study is to characterise all possible topological types of Poincaré-Reeb trees. To this end, we construct a family of examples realising a large class of such trees. As a preliminary step, we restrict our attention to the univariate case, using a tool inspired by Ghys’ work. One of our main results gives a new and constructive proof of the existence of Morse polynomials whose associated permutation (the so-called “Arnold’s snake”) is separable
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Vrľáková, Dominika. "Fundamentální akciová analýza vybraných společností těžících zlato." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316870.
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The diploma thesis deals with fundamental share analyss in order to propose a variant of investing in shares of selected gold mining companies. The subject is macroeconomic analysis of the environment in which selected gold mining companies operate, gold industry analysis and company analysis comprising evaluation of the development of corporate indicators and their issued shares. On the basis of these analyzes ind inter-company comparison, the most profitable options will be proposed to the management of the hedge fund.
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Мрозек, Р. Є. "Удосконалення техніки та технології відбору керна в похилоспрямованих та горизонтальних свердловинах". Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2004. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4046.
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Захищається 12 наукових праць, які містять теоретичні дослідження в області технічних засобів та технології відбору керна в похило спрямованих та горизонтальних свердловинах. Розроблено нову методику розрахунку спеціальних компоновок з метою стабілізації та корегування зенітного кута при відборі керна в свердловинах з великими зенітними кутами. Вперше удосконалено технічні засоби та технологію процесу буріння з відбором керна в горизонтальних та похило спрямованих свердловинах, що забезпечує високу ефективність відбору керна. Розроблено техніко-технологічний комплекс, що дозволяє проводити відбір орієнтованого керна та управляти траєкторією свердловини. Запропоновані технологічні заходи і технічні засоби пройшли промислову перевірку та впровадження в семи свердловинах у різноманітних геолого-технічних умовах.<br>Защищается 12 научных трудов, которые содержат теоретические исследования в области технических средств и технологии отбора керна в наклонно направленных и горизонтальных скважинах. Проведено усовершенствование технологических регламентов для отбора керна. Разработан експрес-метод выбора оптимальной наїрузки при бурении с отбором керна в скважинах с большими углами в любых геолого-технических условиях. Проведен комплекс промышленных исследований по определению зависимости процента выноса керна в зависимости от количества промывочной жидкости, подаваемой на забой. Эта величина ограничена с одной стороны минимальной продуктивностью, при которой обеспечивается бесперебойная работа забойного двигателя, с другой стороны - техническими характеристиками насосов. Особый интерес представляют собой работы по корректировке траектории скважин за результатами отбора керна в горизонтазьных участках. В другом случае успешно проведенный отбор керна в пилотном стволе скважины № 155 Качановская позволил скорректировать горизонтальный ствол, что в итоге привело к существенному увеличению дебита нефти. Ориентированный в пространстве керн в комплексе с высоким его выносом значительно повысил информативность керна, что не достигается при использовании традиционной техники и технологии.<br>There are on the defensive 12 scientific labours which are containing theoretical researches in the region of hardwares and technology of stippler selection in the aslope directed and horizontal mining holes. A new method of the special arrangements calculation is developed with the purpose of zenithal corner stabilization and adjustment at the stippler selection in mining holes with large zenithal corners. Hardwares and technology of drilling process arc first improved with the selection of stippler in horizontal and aslope directed mining holes, that provides high efficiency of stippler selection. A technically-technological complex, that allows to select oriented stippler and manage the trajectory of mining hole is developed. The offered technological measures and hardwares passed industrial verification and introduction in seven mining holes in various geologically-technical terms.
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Altun, Naci Emre. "Beneficiation Of Himmetoglu And Beypazari Oil Shales By Flotation And Their Thermal Characterization As An Energy Source." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606990/index.pdf.
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Processing of Bolu-Himmetoglu (Type I Kerogen) and Ankara-Beypazari (Type II Kerogen) oil shales by flotation techniques were investigated for achieving clean solid fuel substitutes. Materials characterization was done through mineralogical, XRD and FTIR analyses. Flotation responses of the samples were tested with non-ionizing and ionizing collectors of cationic and anionic types. The effects of the collector dosage and pulp pH on cleaning were determined. Other important flotation parameters, conditioning time, flotation time, pulp density, particle size and frother dosage were encountered using a statistical approach, through a full two level factorial experimental design. An advanced flotation procedure, assisted by ultrasonic application, was developed for further improvement in flotation performance. The effects of cleaning on thermal characterstics and combustion kinetics were evaluated with Differential Scanning Calorimetry and ASTM methods while the changes in the emission profiles were assessed using Effluent Gas Analysis.
Himmetoglu sample was characterized as a carbonate and organic rich humic oil shale with XRD and FTIR analyses while Beypazari oil shale involved significant carbonate and clay minerals and exhibited a fulvic character with a poor organics content. Reverse flotation with amine acetates provided the most effective means of cleaning with Himmetoglu oil shale. Ash was decreased from 34.76 % to 23.52 % with a combustible recovery of 83.57 % using 800 g/ton Flotigam CA at natural pH and the calorific value increased from 4312 kcal/kg to 5010 kcal/kg. Direct flotation with amines was most effective for Beypazari oil shale cleaning. Using Armoflote 17, ash was reduced from 69.88 % to 53.10 % with 58.64 % combustible recovery using 800 g/ton Armoflote 17 at natural pulp pH and the calorific value of the sample increased from 876 kcal/kg to 2046 kcal/kg. Following optimization, ash of Himmetoglu oil shale decreased to 16.81 % with 84.10 % combustible recovery and calorific value increased to 5564 kcal/kg. For Beypazari oil shale ash decreased to % 48.42 with 59.17 % combustible recovery and the calorific value increased to 2364 kcal/kg. Ultrasonic pre-treatment before flotation further decreased the ash of Himmetoglu sample to 11.82 % with 82.66 % combustible recovery at 15 minutes pre-conditioning time and 50 % power level. For Beypazari oil shale, ash decreased to 34.76 % with 64.78 % combustible recovery after 15 minutes pre-treatment time at 70 % power level. Comparative XRD spectra and SEM analyses revealed that the extent of mineral matter removal relied on the flotation performance.
The thermal indicators considerably improved after cleaning and the extent of improvement increased with a decrease in the ash of the concentrates. Kinetic analysis showed the favorable effect of inorganics removal on the effectiveness and easiness of combustion and activation energies decreased after cleaning for both oil shales. The contributions of cleaning on the effectiveness of combustion were also revealed by the increases in the emission rates and total CO2 and CO emission amounts. CO2 emissions due to mineral matter decomposition and harmful SO2 emissions apparently decreased as a consequence of the cleaning of the undesired inorganic contituents and potentially cleaning components. Results of the cleaning and thermal analysis sudies revealed that it was possible to achieve a clean energy source alternative from oil shales through flotation and a significant potential can be anticipated for future use of oil shales as a cost effective and environmental friendly solid fuel substitute in view of Turkey&<br>#8217<br>s great oil shale reserves.
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GRASSI, Estephanie Nobre Dantas. "Comportamento termomecânico de minimolas superelásticas de NiTi: Influência de tratamentos térmicos." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2014. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/517.
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Previous issue date: 2014-08-01<br>CNPq<br>Capes<br>As Ligas com Memória de Forma (LMF) são um importante grupo de materiais
metálicos ativos que respondem a estímulos termomecânicos por meio dos
fenômenos do Efeito Memória de Forma (EMF) e da Superelasticidade (SE). Ambos
os efeitos permitem recuperar grandes níveis deformações por meio de
aquecimento, no primeiro caso, ou do descarregamento mecânico, no segundo. As
LMF de NiTi são facilmente encontradas no mercado médico e odontológico em
forma de ferramentas e acessórios para tratamentos específicos. Um destes
elementos são minimolas helicoidais ortodônticas de NiTi, que alcançam
deformações algumas centenas de vezes maiores que elementos unidimensionais
de LMF, como fios. Por outro lado, é de amplo conhecimento que uma técnica
adequada para manipular propriedades mecânicas de produtos metálicos acabados,
além de variar-se a configuração geométrica, é a realização de tratamentos térmicos
de recozimento. Principalmente após a realização de trabalho a frio, os recozimentos
são capazes de recuperar parcial ou totalmente a mobilidade atômica no metal, o
que, no caso das LMF, afeta diretamente o seu comportamento termomecânico.
Neste contexto, o principal objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a influência de
tratamentos térmicos de recozimento sobre a resposta termomecânica de minimolas
de LMF NiTi, originalmente superelásticas. Um planejamento fatorial foi usado para
avaliar a influência das variáveis temperatura e tempo de recozimento sobre
algumas das principais propriedades termomecânicas das minimolas: constante de
mola (rigidez), módulo de elasticidade transversal, capacidade de dissipação de
energia, temperaturas de transformação, histere térmica e a entalpia de
transformação. Foi demonstrado que tratamentos térmicos a temperaturas na faixa
de 500 oC a 600 oC são capazes de converter as minimolas de LMF NiTi do estado
superelástico para o estado de atuador, pelo aparecimento do efeito memória de
forma.<br>Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are an important group of metallic active
materials that respond to thermomechanical stimuli through the Shape Memory
Effect (SME) or the Superelasticity (SE) phenomena. Both these effects are capable
of retrieving large amounts of strain by simple heating, in the former case, or simple
mechanical unload, in the latest case. The SMA of the NiTi family composition exhibit
superior properties when compared to other compositions, including biocompability,
what brings this alloy to be widely used in medical and orthodontic fields in the form
of tools and accessories to specific treatments. As an example, mini coil springs of
NiTi SMA presenting superelasticity reach strain levels hundreds of times higher than
one-dimensional elements, such as wires. However, a more suitable technique to
manipulate mechanical properties of metallic finished products is the use of heat
treatments like annealing. Mainly after experiencing cold working processes,
annealing treatments are capable of partially or totally recover the atomic mobility,
witch directly affects thermomechanical response of SMA. In this context, this
dissertation work aims to study the influence of annealing heat treatments over
thermomechanical behavior of SMA NiTi mini coil springs originally presenting the
SE. A factorial design was used to evaluate the influence of temperature and time of
annealing over some of the main thermomechanical springs’ properties: spring
constant (stiffness), shear modulus, energy dissipation capacity, phase
transformation temperatures, thermal hysteresis and transformation enthalpy
availability. It was demonstrated that heat treatments between 500°C and 600°C are
capable of converting the superelastic state of the mini coil springs to an actuator
state, as a result of the shape memory effect appearance.
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Smedborn, Paulsson Eva. "Potential för produktion av surt lakvattten och kvantifiering av kvävelakning från restprodukter från gruvindustrin: En fallstudie från Kiirunavaara-gruvan." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-294844.
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Gruvavfall, i form av gråberg, från Kiirunavaara-gruvan i Kiruna, norra Sverige undersöktes för att se om surt lakvatten kan bildas från gråberget och om detta kan ha en påverkan på hur mycket kväve som kan lakas ut från gråberget. För detta ändamål gjordes dels en mineralogisk undersökning av gråberget, med siktning, röntgendiffraktion (XRD) och grundämnesanalys och dels laborativa skakförsök. Från skakförsöken, där olika kornstorlekar (8-16 mm, 2-4 mm och mindre än 1 mm) blandades med avjoniserat vatten med L/S-kvoten 10, kunde förändringar i pH, alkalinitet och lösta joner undersökas över en 10-veckors period. De främsta mineralen i gråberget i Kiirunavaara visades vara plagioklas, kvarts och biotit. I gråberget finns även 18 g pyrit/kg gråberg. Skakförsöken indikerar att lakvattnet från gråberget i Kiirunavaara är alkaliskt med ett pH över 9. Vittring av sulfidmineral sker, men neutraliseras av buffrande mineral som kalcit och ingen potential till produktion av surt lakvatten finns. Kväveutlakningen sker främst under de första dygnen, men mer än hälften av de kväveföreningar som antas finnas i gråberget lakas inte ut. Både nitrat och ammonium visade signifikanta korrelationer med pH, där högre pH-värden tydde på högre nitratkoncentrationer och lägre pH-värden på högre ammoniumkoncentrationer. Detta indikerar att även om inget samband kunde ses mellan produktion av surt lakvatten och kväveutlakning, så är mängden av olika kväveföreningar som lakas ut beroende av lakvattnets pH-värde.<br>Mining waste rock from the Kiirunavaara-mine in northern Sweden was studied to determine if there is a potential for production of acid mine drainage (AMD), if there is a leaching of nitrogen compounds from the waste rock and if a correlation between the two processes can be seen. A mineralogical characterization of the waste rock was done through dry sieving, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and elemental analysis. Through shake flask experiments, where waste rock of three different grain sizes (8-16 mm, 2-4 mm and less than 1 mm) were mixed with deionized water (L:S-ratio of 10), the change in pH, alkalinity and dissolved ions during a 10-week period was determined. The waste rock in Kiirunavaara was found to consist mainly of plagioclase, quartz and biotite, but the waste rock also contains 18 g pyrite per kg waste rock. The shake flask experiments indicate that the mine drainage from the waste rock in Kiirunavaara is alkaline, with a pH above 9. Weathering of sulphide minerals occur, but are neutralised by buffering minerals such as calcite and thus no potential for AMD-production exists. The leaking of nitrogen compounds occurs mainly during the first few days. Both ammonium and nitrate showed significant correlations with pH, where lower pH-values typically exhibited higher ammonium concentrations, while higher pH-values correlated with higher nitrate concentrations.
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Schlothmann, Daniel. "Kurz- und langfristige Angebotskurven für Rohöl und die Konsequenzen für den Markt." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-201396.
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In dieser Arbeit wurden Angebotskurven für 22 bedeutende Ölförderländer ermittelt und anschließend zu globalen Angebotskurven aggregiert. Gemäß den ermittelten Angebotskurven sind nahezu alle gegenwärtig in der Förderphase befindlichen Ölprojekte in den Untersuchungsländern auch beim aktuellen Ölpreis von 35 bis 40 US-$ je Barrel unter Berücksichtigung der kurzfristigen Grenzkosten rentabel. Sollte der Ölpreis jedoch in den kommenden Jahren auf diesem Niveau verharren, wird es bis zum Jahr 2024 zu einem Angebotsengpass auf dem globalen Ölmarkt kommen, da zur Deckung der zukünftigen Nachfrage die Erschließung kostenintensiver, unkonventioneller Lagerstätten und von Lagerstätten in tiefen und sehr tiefen Gewässern notwendig ist. Damit es bis zum Jahr 2024 nicht zu einem solchen Angebotsengpass kommt, ist gemäß des ermittelten langfristigen Marktgleichgewichts ein Ölpreis von mindestens 80 (2014er) US-$ je Barrel notwendig.
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Novotná, Eliška. "Porovnání české společnosti s ručením omezeným a jejího založení a vzniku s Gesellschaft mit beschrankten Haftung (GmbH) v SRN." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114227.
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This master dissertation is dedicated to the main characteristics and to the process of establishment of Private Limited Company in the Czech Republic and Germany and to the comparison of these two national legal forms. The goal of this work is to compare Czech and German Ltd. in a very clear way, so the reader can understand what the differences of this type of company in the national legal forms mentioned above are and what have on the contrary in common. The work deals also with the Czech and German Ltd. in separated chapters in order to be the comparison for the reader comprehensible. In the end of the master dissertation is expressed the author's opinion, which national legal form of this type of company is better and in what way.
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shih, Ming-Feng, and 石明峯. "Mining association rules between customers and elements of products’ shape -The case study of Mobile Phone." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98560717912758345917.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>工業設計學系碩博士班<br>95<br>Data Mining is a technology which extracts useful or worthy information from large volumes of data. The applications of Data Mining in commerce and management have been operated generally. Mining association rules which is to find out the association between objects or attributes of the target have been applied on Market Basket Analysis and Customer Relationship Management to support the operations of commerce and management.
It will be more accurately to design appropriate products for the particular customers if designers know the associations between the attributes of the product and the particular customers. From the view of design this research is developed to find out the associations between elements of products’ shape and particular customers by data mining and evaluate its practicability. Cell phone is used as an example to define the attribute of products’ shape and collect the customers’ preferences. The second step is to dig out the association rules between particular elements of products’ shape and customers’ background by data mining.
Mining association rules between customers and elements of products’ shape is implemented by Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Data Anaylsis and Microsoft Visual Studio 2005. The rules between customers’ background will be generated and arranged into rules. According to those rules, designers can find out the elements of cell phones’ shape to particular customers’ preference. The combinations of the elements of shape will resemble in the existing products in the market and feasible for particular customers.
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Matuszyk, Timothy Ian. "Shape characterisation of sheet metal assembly variation with a view to quality assessment and dimensional control." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9012.
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Sheet metal assembly is a complex process involving component-to-component and
component-to-tooling interactions. A key characteristic of sheet metal assemblies, the
flexibility of components, means that variation does not stack-up according to the
additive theorem of variance that applies to rigid bodies. Instead, components can be
bent and distorted into conforming or non-conforming shapes by assembly interactions.
This characteristic of flexibility also means that in comparison to rigid body assembly, additional aspects of the assembly process, such as clamp sequence and weld sequence,can influence the way in which variation propagates. Through a detailed understanding of the influence of assembly processes on variation propagation, manufacturers can adjust their processes to target particular quality assessment criteria: in this thesis, it is firstly demonstrated how assembly processes such as clamping sequence can be altered to control different variation patterns (and therefore quality) in sheet metal assemblies.
However, in order to truly optimise a sheet metal assembly process for dimensional
control, there must be a well defined quality assessment framework from which to select the best processes. The most commonly adopted measures of assembly quality
are based on the mean and standard deviation of a set of assumedly statistically independent measurement points. Such approaches are perhaps not the best measure of assembly quality. This is primarily due to their inability to adequately capture a key characteristic of assemblies: correlated variation patterns.
This thesis proposes that assembly quality cannot be simply assessed by the mean and variance of a set of assumedly statistically independent measurement points, and that correlated variation patterns in the form of bows, buckles, twists and ripples also form a large part of assembly quality perceptions. Two key methods were therefore
developed to better characterise assembly variation: the multivariate statistical shape
model, and the local shape descriptors. These shape charaterisation measures overcome
key limitations of existing univariate quality measures including an inability to
capture correlated variation patterns, monitor non-normally distributed data, interpret high dimensional data, and measure local variation patterns of different sizes or scales.
Through addressing these limitations, the proposed shape characterisation methods provide significant advancements in the ability of manufacturers to accurately measure variation and discriminate between differing levels of assembly quality, and are particularly well suited for the interpretation of high dimensional measurement data made available by optical co-ordinate measuring machines. The new shape characterisation methods therefore provide a framework for achieving new levels of quality assessment, with a view to the ultimate goal of developing optimal dimensional control strategies for sheet metal assemblies.
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Lin, Shih Hsiang, and 林士翔. "DARM: Doughnut-shaped Association Rule Mining." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54386438560648611106.
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碩士<br>長庚大學<br>資訊管理學研究所<br>97<br>This is the age of “Information Explosion”. We can easier to get more and more information. Information visualization research is to be valuable for conveniently presenting the infinite information. It is often seen the information visualization products like maps, signs, graphs in our life. Information visualization can also use in data mining methodology. Data mining is often called knowledge discovery. Association rule mining is the most famous data mining method. Association rule mining is used to discover all associations among items. However, user can not hold the important item fast and exactly by text. We propose an association rule algorithm which use doughnut shapes to present association rule.
DARM(Doughnut-shaped association rule mining) includes a overview circle and lots of detail circles which produced by items. DARM let user understand the mining step easily. User can use their self-knowledge and self-experience to participate in the process. Most importantly, we use the simple and clear doughnut shapes let user realize the database overview and all associations among items rapidly.
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Diale, Makatane Kagisho Jacob. "Employee share-ownership plans in the mining industry - a new approach to ESOPS." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/23621.
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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built
Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial
fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in
Engineering, 2017<br>Empowerment of previously disadvantaged groups has been applied in many countries, in order to achieve specific political, economic and social outcomes. Group preferences and preferential policies are common in developed and developing countries under various names. They have been mostly implemented in countries where a specific ethnic, religious, or gender group has been discriminated against historically.
An ESOP is an empowerment tool that can be adapted and designed to achieve the goals of companies, employees and governments. An ESOP is an instrument used to enable employee ownership in private and public companies. Internationally the application of ESOPs have taken various architectures highly dependent on individual company and country circumstances.
SA has a long and well documented history of racial discrimination and economic exclusion. Poverty, unemployment and inequality continue to bedevil the South African economy. Transformation in the mining industry is given effect in the Mining Charter which is governed under section 100 of the Minerals and Resources Development Act. The Charter is buttressed by a key set of pillars. These pillars are supplemented by the codes of good practice as well as the housing and living conditions standards.
These pillars include reporting; ownership; housing and living conditions; procurement and enterprise development; employment equity; human resource development; mine community development; sustainable development and growth and beneficiation. This report focusses on the ownership pillar of the Charter.
The mining industry has completed a number of empowerment deals post implementation of the Mining Charter. The impacts of most BEE deals have not been broad-based; and have mostly benefitted only a few HDSA entrepreneurs. The value and number of transactions have coincided with the rise and fall of the JSE, making the deals expensive – due to elevated stock prices in favourable market conditions.
ESOPs enable extensive employee ownership; and have the ability to foster a sense of individual enterprise that fuels productivity in companies that have imbued a culture of ownership amongst their employees. ESOPs generally contribute positively to company performance; and they provide a stable and dynamic working environment, when administered effectively. ESOPs cannot be implemented in isolation; but they require a combination of factors to make them successful.
ESOPs generally contribute positively to company performance; and they provide a stable and dynamic working environment, when administered effectively. Effective ESOPs require a combination of elements for success: these comprise of financial incentives, employee-involvement mechanisms and the instilling of an ownership culture.
Anglo American was used as a proxy for the industry due to its size and diversity. ESOPs that have been implemented have failed to meet stakeholders’ expectations. These ESOPs are inconsistent, complicated and mostly opaque to employees; whilst delivering modest returns to employees.
This report proposes the application of a new ESOP framework that is to be considered in amending existing ESOPs or in the crafting of new programmes. Existing ESOPs are assessed against this proposed framework in this report. The proposed ESOP framework is supported by a set of key principles, essential to the success of the framework.
The performance of ESOPs in Anglo American varied when assessed against the framework. With the exception of Envision, Anglo American’s ESOPs have delivered very modest financial benefits to employees. They have not achieved their intended purpose, of empowering employees and aligning company performance with individual employee performance. When assessed against the other pillars of the framework, KIO and AAP did not perform satisfactorily.<br>XL2018
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Hsieh, Wan-Yen, and 謝宛宴. "The Correlation of News and Share Price : Analysis of ADDcn by Text Mining." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87tw9b.
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Makinde, O. A. "Functionality assessment of a reconfigurable vibrating screen." 2014. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001517.
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M. Tech. Industrial Engineering<br>The Reconfigurable Vibrating Screen is a newly designed beneficiation machine to be used for mineral particle separation in mines and quarries with adjustable screen capacity and structure in order to respond to changes in production and quantity demand required by the customers. In order to increase the durability, availability, reliability and maintainability of a reconfigurable vibrating screen, an effective method is required to functionally appraise and improve its working condition. The aim of this study is to develop a tool for functionally assessing reconfigurable vibrating screens and existing vibrating screens.
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Dougall, André William. "Employee participation in the wealth of mining companies : an employee share ownership participation scheme focus." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9000.
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M.B.A.<br>The importance of a free market in a post apartheid South Africa has been acknowledged. The benefits should be spread so that all individuals may be able to share in the wealth generated by the people within the country. Privatization is one mechanism for redistributing the wealth of the State, and the use of an Employee Share Ownership Participation Scheme (E.S.O.P.S.) is away in which the wealth can be spread over a large proportion of the population. This was a basic policy of Thatcher's Government in the U.K. The same rationale is apt for the South African situation. An E.S.O.P.S. is similar to a profit sharing or a pension plan, and may be group with various holistic empowerment strategies. There are however two fundamental differences from these two traditional plans: • It invests only in the equity of the employer • The E.S.O.P.S. provides the organization with an increased finance tool, through an increased ability to borrow. One of the business trends, in the U.S.A. and the U.K. and more recently in South Africa has been to extend the ownership of shares to employees. This secures a stake in the company, an avenue for retiring owners, and as protection against hostile takeover bids. Other motives that have been used are, as an educational experience and also as a part of participative management philosophy. The author heads the Department of Mining Engineering in the new University of Johannesburg, Faculty of Engineering and the Built...
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Olivier, Natasja. "A share selection framework for investors in the mining sector of JSE (Ltd) / Anna Maryna Olivier." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11095.
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Shareholder wealth creation is a topic taught in MBA programmes.
This paper documents the development of a share selection framework in order to
construct an alpha portfolio within the general mining sector of the JSE limited.
The relationship between fundamental analysis indicators, such as book value per
share, earnings per share and intrinsic value, and the average annual share price is
determined in order to build a linear regression model. The model is applied to the
general mining sector to test its effectiveness. Criteria are set for each indicator to
identify companies from this sector for inclusion in the final portfolio.
A portfolio’s risk is determined by the proportions of the individual securities, their
variances, and their co-variances. Markowitz (1952) quantitatively demonstrated the
benefits of diversification in order to reduce risk (volatility) and increase return. This
theory was put to the test by comparing individual shares’ average volatilities against
the diversified portfolio’s average volatilities for similar and/or improved returns.
A weighted average portfolio, with the lowest standard deviation, consisting of four
shares identified from the selection framework, was constructed. The portfolio’s
average annual growth rate was benchmarked against the JSE All Share Index
average annual growth rate to evaluate returns over a ten year period. The research
hypothesis, namely shareholder wealth creation in an alpha portfolio, was reached:
the final portfolio outperformed the JSE All Share Index annual growth rate in seven
out of the ten evaluated years.<br>Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012
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Sennanye, Lesang. "The impact of black economic empowerment transaction announcements on share price performance of JSE listed mining companies." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45030.
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The South African government introduced the Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) as
an intervention to resolve economic imbalances. In furthering inclusivity in the
previously exclusive sectors, like Mining, the BEE legislations and Mining Charter were
introduced to benefit the HDSA. The study addressed a significant gap in BEE
research, which is important within the South African context, as the country currently
reviews progress after the initial 20 years of democratic dispensation.
The research examined the share price performance of mining stocks listed on the JSE
by tracking their share price performance after announcements relating to black
empowerment transactions. The objectives of the research were to, first, determine
whether announcements of BEE transactions lead to better shareholder wealth
creation in the South African mining sector, second, to determine the impact of these
announcements on Old and BEE mining companies that were listed on the JSE post-
1994, third, to determine whether the early BEE announcements made before the
release of the Mining Charter in September 2010 had a greater positive impact on the
Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CARs) of Mining companies compared to those made
after the amendment to legislation.
The research employed an event study methodology to analyse a sample of 26 mining
companies that made a total of 241 qualifying announcements from January 2000 to
November 2014.
The results of the study showed negative impact on the CARs of the mining
companies. It was noted that the old mining companies that existed before 1994 had
better average abnormal return than the BEE companies. Further, the results showed
that the Average Abnormal Returns (AARs) of the BEE announcements made prior to
the Mining Charter had greater AARs than those made after the implementation. In
sum, the BEE announcements had largely a negative impact on share performance of
the mining companies.<br>Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2014.<br>lmgibs2015<br>Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)<br>Unrestricted
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Maraisane, Phomolo. "The impact of earnings announcements on share prices of mining companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22456.
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The study examined the impact of earnings announcements on the share price of
selected mining companies using the most recent data from the Johannesburg Stock
Exchange. This study covered a period from 1 January 2011; to 31 December 2015.
Using the classical event study methodology, the speed of reaction of the market to
annual earnings information releases for a sample of 27 companies listed on the
exchange is tested. Over the sample period, the Abnormal Returns (AR), Average
Abnormal Returns (AAR) and Cumulative Average Abnormal Returns (CAAR) were
calculated. The AR, AAR and CAAR show positive results obtained during the
earnings announcement period. The returns yielded from these results are
significantly different from zero.<br>Financial Accounting<br>M. Phil. (Accounting Sciences)
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Ramatsetse, Boitumelo. "Development of a reconfigurable vibrating screen." 2014. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001520.
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M. Tech. Industrial Engineering<br>The ability to respond to changes and uncertainty in production demands currently constitutes a crisis in small and medium scale mining industries in South Africa. The case study of various mining and mineral processing site visits which was carried out revealed that the existing conventional screening methods are not scalable or able to be integrated and have limited processing capacity, which constitutes a high production cost on a long-term basis. In view of this, the Reconfigurable Vibrating Screen machine was designed and manufactured with the intension of eliminating these challenges faced by small and medium scale mining industries. The newly developed vibrating screen utilizes the concept of re-configurability, making it simple to attain full capacity processing production on the same machine. The design of a reconfigurable vibrating screen is based on the idea of enhancing the processing capacity by adjustable width and length of the screen structure with regard to the desired processing output.
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Hordijk, Wim, José F. Fontanari, and Peter F. Stadler. "Shapes of tree representations of spin-glass landscapes." 2003. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32950.
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Much of the information about the multi-valley structure of disordered spin systems can be convened in a simple tree structure - a barrier tree - the leaves and internal nodes of which represent, respectively, the local minima and the lowest energy saddles connecting those minima. Here we apply several statistics used in the study of phylogenetic trees to barrier trees that result from the energy landscapes of p-spin models. These statistics give information about the shape of these barrier trees, in particular about balance and symmetry. We then ask if they can be used to classify different types of landscapes, compare them with results obtained from random trees, and investigate the structure of subtrees of the barrier trees. We conclude that at least one of the used statistics is capable of distinguishing different types of landscapes, that the barrier trees from p-spin energy landscapes are quite different from random trees, and that subtrees of barrier trees do not reflect the overall tree structure, but their
structure is correlated with their ´depth' in the tree.
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Tuguldur and Tuguldur Unenbat. "A Study on the Determining Factors that Affect Public Intention to Use Facebook to Share Environmental Health Risk Caused by Mining Industry in Mongolia." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09962642345651578779.
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碩士<br>國立東華大學<br>企業管理學系<br>103<br>Over the last 20 years, mining sector has been developing rapidly in Mongolia. However it is the main export of Mongolia, economic growth rate reached, mine can upset the social balance of local communities, impacting local water supplies and resource availability. Consequently many Mongolians are less optimistic about the benefits of mining, and their concerns are legitimated by the negative impacts that mining projects are already causing. Many researchers criticize Mongolian traditional media that they already make contrasts with mining corporations and do not hear public voice. Like any other nations, population of Mongolia actively using social media especially Facebook. Following to special characteristic of social networking site, people share their opinions and exchange information about environmental health risk information caused by mining. This study aims to bring the voice of Mongolia’s citizens, on whose behalf Mongolia’s mineral and energy resources are managed, into the center of national conversation about the role of the mining industry in our society. Afterwards, find out an effective CSR design and implementation to suggest mining corporations in Mongolia. The study used environmental justice theory, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory Planned Behavior (TPB). This study suggests 6 hypotheses. Study uses e-survey to collect data. The data analyzed by statistical software SPSS. Result of this study found that social interaction of Facebook significantly influence to public intention to share EHRI using Facebook. Findings shown that this study nearly supported all hypotheses.
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Hillis, Kevin Ross. "The appraisal remedy and the determination of fair value by the courts." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13347.
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This paper examines the different share valuation methods and principles likely to be used by a court in determining the fair value of dissenting shareholders’ shares in appraisal proceedings in terms of section 164(14) of the Companies Act 2008. It is submitted that the valuation principles and methods used by the courts will affect the operation of the triggering actions contemplated in subsections 164(2)(a) - (b).
It is proposed that section 164 court appraisals are likely to be guided by the valuation methods and principles developed in section 252 and section 440K court appraisals under the Companies Act 1973, as well as by the decisions of the courts in the state of Delaware relating to share valuations under the appraisal remedy. It is further proposed that the purpose ascribed to the appraisal remedy will influence the application of these valuation methods and principles.<br>Mercantile Law<br>LL.M. (Corporate law)