Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Share-Tapping“

Purpose: In light of the difficulty many districts face finding quality principal candidates, this article explores an informal recruitment mechanism of teachers to become principals, which the authors call tapping. The authors assess the extent to which current teachers are being approached by school leaders to consider leadership and whether this tapping prompts these teachers to consider pursuing leadership positions. Research Design: This study uses survey and administrative data on teachers and principals from the Miami-Dade County Public Schools from the 2007–2008 school year. The authors describe the extent to which principals tap teachers to become school leaders. They use multiple regression with and without school fixed effects to model which teachers are most likely to be tapped and which principals are most likely to tap teachers. They also estimate the extent to which tapping is effective at motivating teachers to become school leaders. Findings: A vast majority of principals report having been tapped by their own principal when they were teachers. The authors find that principals tend to tap teachers who feel better equipped to take on the principalship and who have more school-level leadership experience, but they also disproportionately tap teachers who are male and share their ethnicity. Conclusions: The findings provide evidence that principals are capable of effectively identifying and encouraging teachers with strong leadership potential to enter the principal pipeline, although additional training and a succession management plan may help ensure that teachers are selected based on clear leadership competencies.

In the bleak spring of 1916, a military note expostulated about the slowness with which the Government of India was finding coolies and porters for British forces in Mesopotamia. At first, labor could be obtained only from tribals of the Santhal Parganas and Chota Nagpur and by tapping Indian jails: “Could there possibly have been a greater opportunity for India with millions of men not usable as soldiers, to take a larger share in the war, or even a larger share in helping its own Indian Army? From all accounts India was burning to get such a chance, yet what happened? The honour of India was upheld first by aborigines and then by convicts.”

An experimental open-type tapping was carried out in pine stands located in the Sokolsky district of the Vologda region. The objects of study are represented by plantations located on the sites, passed in 1972 by hydrotechnical reclamation, as well as similar forests after continuous thinning. The dominant species in the tree layer is pine, the share of spruce and birch does not reach 10%. The release of turpentine was studied in pine forests on a mesotrophic peat deposit. The tapping was carried out using the ascending method of applying the substrates. The main attention was paid to improving the method for determining the resin productivity of Scots pine. In the course of the study, the following tasks were solved: 1) four permanent test plots were laid in drained pine plantations, in addition, continuous thinning was performed on two sites; 2) for research purposes, an experimental double-sided harvesting of pine turpentine was carried out on each trial plot; 3) the influence of hydrotechnical reclamation and thinning on the amount of released pine turpentine has been determined; 4) specifying coefficients have been developed for the mathematical calculation (forecast) of turpentine yield with a 50% trunk load with tapping cuts. Based on the results of the study, a number of correction factors have been proposed to determine the resin productivity of pines, taking into account their taxation diameter, since the mathematical calculation of the turpentine yield under a trunk load with tapping cuts of 50% carr is often overestimated. The positive effect of hydrotechnical reclamation on the increase in the breast height diameter of pine was confirmed. The average yield of pine resin is about 22% higher, relative to the stand without silvicultural care, in a drained pine forest after silvicultural maintenance

<p>This paper proposes an attendance system for increasing the security based on Shamir Secret Share algorithm. The use of RFID devices for classroom attendance is still vulnerable to certain attacks. Students usually make use of existing loopholes for prohibited things, such as forged attendance. Shamir Secret Share is a security method based on the Secure Multiparty Computation (SMC) concept. The SMC guarantees not only the confidentiality of external attacks but also of each member in the secure system. In the attendance scenario using Shamir Secret Share, a student and a lecturer must do tapping at the same time; otherwise, the secret that opens the lock for attendance at that class will not be opened. To realize this system, this paper uses two RFID modules, each of which is connected to one nodeMCU microcontroller. Both systems are connected to a database where the Shamir Shared Secret calculation is performed. Some experiment has been implemented for proving the concept. The result shows that some scenarios of fraud in RFID based attendance can be prevented.</p>

American Indian students have been neglected over the years in educational settings more apparently than other minority groups. Problems resulting from poor basic skills and motivation have placed them at a disadvantage when competing with other people for employment. Moreover, the values conflict between Indian and dominant European-American culture has created acculturation difficulties. Persons knowledgeable regarding the particular problems of Indians are greatly needed in educational and counseling situations to move toward a more fulfilling future for the Indian people. Tapping into the special capabilities of the Indian people can enhance the quality of living for all who share this earth.

Palm tree’s (Arenga pinnata Merr.) sap is the main ingredient for palm sugar. Palm tree’s sap is obtained by tapping the male flowers of palm tree. The sap is rich in sugar thus it is easy to be fermented. Palm farmers in Akelamo Village use soap as a preservation agent to prevent fermentation during the taping and loading period before the sap is cooked. Soap is a non-food product which is unsafe to be used in food product. Based on this fact, the community service program was designed to educate and share information about the danger of non-food preservation agent in food product, and also introduce chitosan as potential natural preservation to prevent fermentation process on palm tree’s sap among the palm farmers in Akelamo Village. There were four activities that had been done, such as discourse about food preservation and chitosan as natural preservation agent, workshop about how to apply chitosan to prevent fermentation during palm tree tapping, workshop about how to make palm sugar, and interactive dialogue with palm farmers. All the activities were done succesfully. The farmers were actively participated in every activity during the program.

Abstract The need for health education regarding Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), specifically designed for Latinos, has been well-documented. Many Latino older adults and their families delay seeking formal help for ADRD symptoms due to lack of information and access to culturally sensitive services. This paper presents preliminary findings of community-based participatory research to develop El Barrio SHARE, a culturally-tailored intervention tapping natural helpers (NHs) to address a need identified by community members in East Harlem, NY. It trains people who often interact with elders in the course of their work (e.g., hairdressers, bodega clerks), and are well-positioned to observe and detect ADRD-related problems and potentially link elders to relevant services. Findings from a process evaluation developing the 10-module NH training suggest that (a) participants seek information that debunks myths and stigma surrounding ADRD, and (b) the need for culturally-tailored, participant-centered interventions in marginalized communities is critical.

A major share of world’s primary energy requirement is dependent on fossil fuels which is not only a non renewable source of energy and on the verge of extinction but also associated with serious environmental concerns. To combat these issues, alternative renewable energy sources are required. Certain examples of renewable energy sources are solar energy, wind energy, hydro and thermal energy, biofuels etc. Biomass is one such alternative which is freely and abundantly available. It is mainly the agricultural waste and vegetable waste which are perishable and create a lot of nuisance. Tapping this biomass for energy production will be beneficial in two ways; it will be an excellent source of energy generation and it will also help in waste management for environment protection. Energy generation from Biomass can take place either chemically or thermo-chemically. In the present paper advantages of anaerobic digestion of biomass are discussed for biogas production.

Cette thèse a pour objectif de présenter et donner du sens aux dynamiques de changement agraire au sud de la Thaïlande où l'hévéa est une culture dominante. Elle vise à fournir des éléments aux décideurs politiques pour réfléchir aux orientations futures de l'économie hévéicole thaïlandaise. J'ai appliqué une analyse statistique multivariée et une classification systématique pour caractériser les trajectoires de 220 exploitations hévéicoles. J'ai également analysé l'évolution des contrats de métayage pour la saignée des hévéas à travers des entretiens individuels, des enquêtes et une revue de la littérature. Un cadre d'analyse basé sur la dépendance au sentier a été appliqué pour comprendre comment les institutions et leur reproduction ont influencé les trajectoires observées et les contrats de métayage. J'ai identifié six trajectoires de transformation des exploitations entre 1990 et 2010. Deux trajectoires montrent un déclin de la surface des exploitations et/ou du recours à de la main d'œuvre rémunérée dans les exploitations de taille moyenne (10.5%) et de petite taille (25%). Trois trajectoires montrent un accroissement de la surface et/ou du recours à de la main d'œuvre rémunérée. Elles concernent des entreprises familiales agricoles de taille moyenne (14.5%), de grande taille (4.1%) et des exploitations évoluant vers des entreprises patronales (7.7%). Ces trajectoires opposées témoignent d'une polarisation croissante des exploitations hévéicoles. 38.2% des exploitations suivent une trajectoire de stabilité, sans changement dans la taille des exploitations ni dans la structure du travail. Cependant, ce sont de petites exploitations susceptibles de suivre une trajectoire de déclin. Même si la disponibilité en travail et les termes du contrat ont évolué, le métayage est quasiment l'unique contrat de travail pour la récolte du latex depuis le début de l'hévéaculture en Thaïlande. Les conventions contractuelles de travail pour la saignée sont dans une situation de verrouillage institutionnel sous la forme actuelle des contrats de métayage du fait de mécanismes d'auto-renforcement, de fonctionnement et de légitimation. J'ai identifié un ensemble de règles expliquant la prédominance de ces contrats de métayage qui permettent de mobiliser le travail disponible et d'assurer une grande résilience face aux variations et incertitudes des conditions sociales et économiques.La dépendance au sentier permet d'interpréter la polarisation des exploitations et le verrouillage institutionnel des contrats de métayage comme le résultat d'un processus d'auto renforcement conduisant à une reproduction institutionnelle. La thèse montre que la période de contrôle de la production du caoutchouc naturel (1934-1946) est un point critique à l'origine d'une expansion importante des nouvelles plantations et d'un cadre institutionnel ayant favorisé la polarisation qui s'est reproduite seule jusqu'à présent par le mécanisme d'auto renforcement. La polarisation du foncier a un effet positif sur la stabilisation des contrats de métayage pour la saignée. De plus, les exploitations en expansion emploient davantage de main d'œuvre rémunérée pour la saignée induisant une demande accrue alors qu'une offre croissante de saigneurs qualifiés est apportée par les petites exploitations sur le déclin. Les contrats de métayage assurent la disponibilité de la main d'œuvre rémunérée et renforce simultanément la concentration foncière.Basés sur les résultats de l'analyse du changement agraire, trois scénarios de politique sont proposés pour l'avenir de la filière hévéa: i) poursuivre la politique actuelle, ii) inverser le processus de polarisation et iii) faire face aux contraintes globales. Le scénario politique visant à inverser le processus de polarisation est privilégié compte tenu de ses conséquences sur la croissance économique, le bien-être social et la durabilité du développement de la filière hévéa
This Ph.D. work aims at exposing, and giving sense to the dynamics of agrarian change in Southern Thailand where rubber is a major crop. It intends to provide elements for decision makers to reflect on the future directions of the Thai rubber economy. I applied a sequence of multivariate analysis and systematic clustering to characterize the trajectories of 220 rubber farms. I also analyzed the evolution of share-tapping arrangements though personal interviews, survey and literature review. A path dependence analytical framework was then applied to identify and characterize how institutional settings and institutional reproduction shaped the observed trajectories and share-tapping arrangements. I identify six significant farm transformation trajectories between 1990 and 2010. Two trajectories show a decline in landholding and/or hired labor related to medium farms (10.5%) and small farms (25%). Three trajectories show growing landholding size and/or use of hired labor. They concern growing medium family farm enterprise (14.5%), large family farm enterprise (4.1%) and farms moving towards patronal enterprise (7.7%). These opposing trajectories witness a continuing polarization of rubber farms. 38.2% of farms follow a trajectory of stability with no change in farm size and labor structure. However, these are small farms and present a risk to follow the trajectories of farm decline. Labor availability and share-tapping arrangements evolved over time but share-tapping remains the main, almost unique, labor contract for harvesting since the beginning of rubber cultivation in Thailand. Labor contracting arrangements are in an institutional lock-in situation under the current form of share-tapping through three self-reinforcing economic, functional and legitimating mechanisms. I identified a set of rules that could explain the prevalence of the share-tapping arrangement in pursuing the exploitation of available labor force and ensuring high resilience to variations and uncertainty in social and economic conditions. Path dependence explains farm polarization and the institutional lock-in of share-tapping as the results of self-reinforcement mechanisms leading to institutional reproduction. The thesis shows that the period of rubber control during 1934-1946 was a critical juncture resulting in large expansion of new plantings and an institutional setting favoring polarization that has reproduced itself through self-reinforcing mechanisms until now. Land polarization had a positive effect on the stability of share-tapping contracts. Due to polarization, farms with growing landholding employ more hired labor, inducing an increasing demand while an increasing supply of skilled tappers is provided by declining small farms. The current share-tapping arrangements ensure the availability of paid labor and simultaneously reinforce land concentration. Based on the results of this analysis of agrarian change, three alternative policy scenarios are: continuation of present policies, reverting polarization and coping with global constraints. The policy scenario of reverting polarization is suggested as an option considering its consequences on economic growth, social welfare and sustainable agricultural development in the rubber sector

Social interactions are an essential ingredient of our lives. People convene groups and share views, opinions, thoughts, and perspectives. Similar tendencies for social behavior are observed in the World Wide Web. This inspires us to study and understand social interactions evolving in online social media, especially in the blogosphere. In this chapter, the authors study and analyze various interaction patterns in community and individual blogs. This would lead to better understanding of the implicit ties between these blogs to foster collaboration, improve personalization, predictive modeling, and enable tracking and monitoring. Tapping interactions among bloggers via link analysis has its limitations due to the sparse nature of the links among the blogs and an exponentially large search space. The authors present two methodologies to observe interaction within the blogs via observed events addressing the challenges with link analysis-based approaches by studying the opinion and sentiments of the bloggers towards the events and the entities associated with the events. The authors present two case studies: (1) “Saddam Hussein’s Verdict” and (2) “The Death of Osama Bin Laden.” Through these case studies, they leverage their proposed models and report their findings and observations. Although the models offer promising opportunities, there are a few limitations. The authors discuss these challenges and envisage future directions to make the model more robust.

We provide the first reliable measure on the size of India’s creative economy, explore the many challenges faced by the creative industries, and provide recommendations to make India one of the most creative societies in the world. India’s creative economy—measured by the number of people working in various creative occupations—is estimated to contribute nearly 8% of the country’s employment, much higher than the corresponding share in Turkey (1%), Mexico (1.5%), the Republic of Korea (1.9%), and even Australia (2.1%). Creative occupations also pay reasonably well—88% higher than the non-creative ones and contribute about 20% to nation’s overall GVA. Out of the top 10 creative districts in India, 6 are non-metros—Badgam, Panipat (Haryana), Imphal (Manipur), Sant Ravi Das Nagar (Uttar Pradesh), Thane (Maharashtra), and Tirupur (Tamil Nadu)—indicating the diversity and depth of creativity across India. Yet, according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, India’s creative exports are only one-tenth of those of the People’s Republic of China. To develop the creative economy to realize its full potential, Indian policy makers would like to (i) increase the recognition of Indian culture globally; (ii) facilitate human capital development among its youth; (iii) address the bottlenecks in the intellectual property framework; (iv) improve access to finance; and (v) streamline the process of policy making by establishing one intermediary organization. India must also leverage its G20 Presidency to put creative economy concretely on the global agenda.