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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Shenzong“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Shenzong"
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Rudenko, Nikolai. „“Evaluating the Four Books” (四書評)“. Ming Qing Yanjiu 20, Nr. 1 (01.03.2016): 21–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24684791-12340002.
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The article is devoted to the problem of authorship of Evaluating the Four Books (Sishu ping 四書評), presenting a review of academic discussion that took place in Chinese historiography in 20th century and providing some new ideas as the continuation of this discussion in order to solve the problem. Evaluating the Four Books is often considered to be the work of Li Zhi (李贄, 1527–1602), who is famous for his original ideas and critical attitude toward neo-confucianism in the interpretation of Zhu Xi and the Cheng brothers. Li Zhi died in jail, where he was put in accordance to the order of emperor Shenzong (Era name Wanli 1572–1620), and his death attracted a lot of attention by late Ming educated people. Against the background of Li Zhi’s increased popularity, a lot of book sellers signed books with his name for commercial purposes, while in fact these books were not written by Li Zhi. We suppose that Evaluating the Four Books belongs to such type of works and give some argument for the point that it is a fabrication made by Ye Zhou (葉晝, ?–1625), a late Ming scholar who is also generally considered to be the true author of commentaries to classical Chinese novels e.g. “Water Margin”, “Romance of Three Kingdoms” and “Journey to the West”, also signed with the name of Li Zhi.
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Liu, Cheng, Qinghan Bu, Shutao Lin und Faxiong Li. „BIM-based Collaborative Management and Intelligent Manufacturing in the Shenzhong Link Project“. E3S Web of Conferences 136 (2019): 01038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913601038.
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Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology has become a central topic in infrastructure construction industry recently in China. This paper describes the applications of BIM technology, including 3D digital design, intelligent manufacturing, smart site and BIM-based collaborative management platform, in a mega infrastructure project, the Shenzhong Link. Through BIM technology, Shenzhong Link strives to achieve the goal of “improving quality, increasing efficiency, reducing costs and achieve traceability”
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Ge (葛兆光), Zhaoguang. „Imagining a Universal Empire: a Study of the Illustrations of the Tributary States of the Myriad Regions Attributed to Li Gonglin“. Journal of Chinese Humanities 5, Nr. 2 (06.07.2020): 124–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23521341-12340077.
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Abstract This article is not concerned with the history of aesthetics but, rather, is an exercise in intellectual history. “Illustrations of Tributary States” [Zhigong tu 職貢圖] as a type of art reveals a Chinese tradition of artistic representations of foreign emissaries paying tribute at the imperial court. This tradition is usually seen as going back to the “Illustrations of Tributary States,” painted by Emperor Yuan in the Liang dynasty 梁元帝 [r. 552-554] in the first half of the sixth century. This series of paintings not only had a lasting influence on aesthetic history but also gave rise to a highly distinctive intellectual tradition in the development of Chinese thought: images of foreign emissaries were used to convey the Celestial Empire’s sense of pride and self-confidence, with representations of strange customs from foreign countries serving as a foil for the image of China as a radiant universal empire at the center of the world. The tradition of “Illustrations of Tributary States” was still very much alive during the time of the Song dynasty [960-1279], when China had to compete with equally powerful neighboring states, the empire’s territory had been significantly diminished, and the Chinese population had become ethnically more homogeneous. In this article, the “Illustrations of the Tributary States of the Myriad Regions” [Wanfang zhigong tu 萬方職貢圖] attributed to Li Gonglin 李公麟 [ca. 1049-1106] and created during the period between the Xining 熙寧 [1068-1077] and Yuanfeng 元豐 [1078-1085] reigns of the Shenzong emperor 神宗 [r. 1067-1085] of the Song dynasty, is used as a case study for investigating the actual tributary relations between the Northern Song [960-1127] state and its neighboring countries. In doing so, I demonstrate that while certain parts of the “Illustrations of the Tributary States of the Myriad Regions” are historically accurate, a considerable portion of the content is the combined product of historical remembrance and the imagination of empire. In the international environment of the Song empire, China was captivated by the dream of being a universal empire envied by its “barbarian” neighbors. Particularly worth emphasizing is the fact that the artistic tradition of painting “Illustrations of Tributary States” as well as the accompanying idea of China as a universal empire continued well into the Qing [1644-1911] period, reflecting the historical longevity and lasting influence of the traditional conception of the relationship between China and the world.
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Yin, Xiao Cui. „Estimation of SV Model with Leverage Effect Based on MCMC Technique“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (Februar 2014): 605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.605.
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This paper is to study the estimation of stochastic volatility model with leverage effect using Bayesian approach and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation technique. The data used is China's Shenzheng stock index. Estimations of model parameters are achieved by using MCMC technique in Openbugs Software, results show that there is leverage effect in Shenzheng stock series, convergence diagnostics suggest that parameters of the model are convergent.
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TANG, LIANG, WANG XU und MEI-HUA XIA. „A study on the genus Stenus Latreille from Shenzhen City of Guangdong, South China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)“. Zootaxa 4615, Nr. 2 (13.06.2019): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.2.8.
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The species of the genus Stenus Latreille from Shenzheng city, Guangdong, South China, are studied. A new species is described under the name: Stenus wutongshanus sp. n. Five species, Stenus tenuipes Sharp, 1874, Stenus abdominalis abdominalis Fauvel, 1895 Stenus bivulneratus Motschulsky, 1857, Stenus stigmatias Puthz, 2008 and Stenus spurius L. Benick, 1929, are newly recorded to Guangdong. Diagnostic characters of the new species are illustrated and a key to species of Shenzheng city is provided.
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Liu, Jian, und Fengyong Xia. „ShenZhong Passage (Island-Tunnel) Project – Refined Exploration Technology and Management“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 741 (24.03.2020): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/741/1/012049.
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Yang, Xiaoshan. „Ritual Propriety and Political Intrigue in the Xuande Gate Incident“. T'oung Pao 98, Nr. 1-3 (2012): 145–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853212x629910.
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AbstractThe 1073 incident at the Xuande Gate, involving Wang Anshi's alleged breach of imperial protocol, was a turning point both in his career and in emperor Shenzong's policies. By filling in the gaps and reconciling the discrepancies in various accounts of the incident, this essay demonstrates that, whereas on the surface the controversy centered on the ritual question of whether Wang should have dismounted before entering the gate, what was really at play was the particular political dynamics of the time. Direct instigation came from the ranks of senior eunuchs, among whom there was considerable aversion to Wang. Such aversion reflected the attitude of the conservative members of the imperial family. The incident also marked the beginning of Shenzong's shifting away from his exclusive reliance on Wang in formulating and implementing reform policies.
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Yibin, Wu. „The development of vocational education in Shenzen Sez“. International Journal of Educational Development 8, Nr. 3 (Januar 1988): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0738-0593(88)90045-4.
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Liu, Yang, Sebastian Funk und Stefan Flasche. „The contribution of pre-symptomatic infection to the transmission dynamics of COVID-2019“. Wellcome Open Research 5 (01.04.2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15788.1.
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Background: Pre-symptomatic transmission can be a key determinant of the effectiveness of containment and mitigation strategies for infectious diseases, particularly if interventions rely on syndromic case finding. For COVID-19, infections in the absence of apparent symptoms have been reported frequently alongside circumstantial evidence for asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic transmission. We estimated the potential contribution of pre-symptomatic cases to COVID-19 transmission. Methods: Using the probability for symptom onset on a given day inferred from the incubation period, we attributed the serial interval reported from Shenzen, China, into likely pre-symptomatic and symptomatic transmission. We used the serial interval derived for cases isolated more than 6 days after symptom onset as the no active case finding scenario and the unrestricted serial interval as the active case finding scenario. We reported the estimate assuming no correlation between the incubation period and the serial interval alongside a range indicating alternative assumptions of positive and negative correlation. Results: We estimated that 23% (range accounting for correlation: 12 – 28%) of transmissions in Shenzen may have originated from pre-symptomatic infections. Through accelerated case isolation following symptom onset, this percentage increased to 46% (21 – 46%), implying that about 35% of secondary infections among symptomatic cases have been prevented. These results were robust to using reported incubation periods and serial intervals from other settings. Conclusions: Pre-symptomatic transmission may be essential to consider for containment and mitigation strategies for COVID-19.
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Duan, Yan-Jun, Ni-Na Yin, Qing-Hua Gao, Ying Wan, Wei-Ping Ma, Chang-Wen Zhang und Wen-Liang Lv. „Shenzhang granules inhibit cell proliferation and reduce α-SMA expression in hepatic stellate cells“. World Chinese Journal of Digestology 22, Nr. 10 (2014): 1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v22.i10.1396.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Shenzong"
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Di, Doménico Luciano Agustín. „Las disputas políticas en la administración central del estado imperial durante la dinastía Song del Norte, 1043-1127“. Bachelor's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/17237.
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En los últimos años los estudios históricos sobre China han salido del claustro de los historiadores y han sido abordados por otras disciplinas, como por ejemplo trabajos influenciados por la Economía Neoinstitucionalista. Si bien estos buscan entender la sociedad china a partir del contraste con sus teorías, cada vez son más los estudios que entienden a la civilización China en sí misma y no como una comparación con Occidente. Nuevas interpretaciones fueron surgiendo desde mediados del siglo XX, especialmente en la academia anglosajona, que progresivamente han ido cuestionando las visiones del desarrollo de la historia centrada en la civilización occidental. Y es que el caso chino rompe con los esquemas y los prejuicios eurocéntricos. China presenta un desarrollo particular, que contrasta con la civilización occidental. Sin lugar a dudas, el papel preponderante que tiene hoy la República Popular China en el escenario internacional, tanto política como económicamente, refuerza el interés sobre su sociedad y su historia. Nos hemos referido a que se entiende a la civilización China en sí misma, y sobre esta afirmación hay que aclarar que ello no significa negar la importancia que han tenido los contactos e intercambios entre las diferentes culturas. La circulación de ideas, bienes y personas ha conectado el “Viejo Mundo” desde antes de la apertura de la Ruta de la Seda en el siglo II antes de nuestra era, influencia que se vio intensificada a lo largo de los siglos. China ha tenido importantes contactos e intercambios con los pueblos de Asia, de Occidente y del subcontinente indio. Pero a partir del siglo VIII comenzó un crecimiento secular de la producción china que impactó en las relaciones locales y en los intercambios internacionales, este crecimiento generó a mediados del siglo X un proceso de transformación de la élite dirigente, del carácter del Estado y de la relación entre ellos. Los funcionarios letrados (shìdàfū 士大夫) confucianos, que aparecieron durante la dinastía Han Anterior (Qián Hàn 前漢, 206 a.n.e.-9 n.e.) y que posteriormente fueron relegados por otros tipos de elites políticas-militares, resurgieron y pugnaron por recuperar el control burocrático del Estado durante la dinastía Song del Norte (Běi Sòng 北宋, 960-1127), logrando establecer su preeminencia durante el siglo XI. Esta nueva élite se enfrascó en una serie de disputas políticas intraburocráticas por el control del Estado central, cuyo estudio es el objeto del presente trabajo.
Luciano Agustín Di Doménico: didoluciano@gmail.comÍndice: Introducción. Fuentes. Visiones historiográficas. Las luchas facciosas burocráticas. Exposición del trabajo. CAPÍTULO 1°: La consolidación de la dinastía Song y su contexto. Transformaciones en el Este asiático. Transformaciones producidas durante la transición Tang-Song. De la fragmentación política Tang a la unificación Song bajo los emperadores militares. Las Cinco Dinastías y los Diez Reinos. La unificación Song y los emperadores militares. Conclusión. CAPÍTULO 2°: La consolidación del servicio civil y su primer gran conflicto. Gobierno e instituciones bajo los Song del Norte. El servicio civil. La estructura del gobierno y la administración. La primera gran disputa faccional. La facción y el faccionalismo en el servicio civil. El servicio civil tras el Tratado de Chanyuan y el ministerio de Lü. Las Reformas Qingli. Conclusión. CAPÍTULO 3°: El movimiento reformista durante el gobierno de Shenzong, 1067-1076. El reinado de Renzong luego de las Reformas Qingli y el de Yingzong. El gobierno de Renzong y el retorno de los reformistas Qingli a la Corte. Las discusiones políticas en el reinado de Yingzong. La crisis de mediados del siglo XI. Wang Anshi y las Nuevas Leyes. La ideología reformista y la de sus opositores. El acercamiento político entre Shenzong y Wang Anshi. Las Nuevas Leyes. Las luchas faccionales en el gobierno de Shenzong. El establecimiento del poder de Wang en la Corte. Los conflictos entre las renuncias de Wang Anshi. La política exterior. Conclusión. CAPÍTULO 4°: Las luchas faccionales desde los últimos años del reinado de Shenzong, 1076-1126. Los últimos años del gobierno de Shenzong. La coalición antirreformista durante la regencia de Xuanren. La restauración antirreformista. Las luchas faccionales de la era Yuanyou. La restauración del reformismo bajo el gobierno directo de Zhezong. El reinado de Huizong y reformismo del ministerio de Cai. La regencia de Qinsheng y el proyecto de conciliación de Zeng Bu. El ministerio de Cai Jing. El Programa Reformista. La política exterior. El fin de la Reforma y la caída de la dinastía del Norte. Conclusión. Conclusiones. Glosario. Bibliografía.
Fil: Di Doménico, Luciano Agustín. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.
Fil: Santillán, Gustavo E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Historia; Argentina.
Fil: Santillán, Gustavo E. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentina.
Bücher zum Thema "Shenzong"
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Zhang, Fuhua. Song Shenzong "Yuanfeng gai zhi" zhi yan jiu. Zhonghua min guo Taiwan Taibei Nan'gang: Zhong yang yan jiu yuan San min zhu yi yan jiu suo, 1988.
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Nan, Yue, Hrsg. Feng xue Dingling: Di xia xuan gong dong kai zhi mi. Hangzhou: Zhejiang ren min chu ban she, 2001.
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Song Shenzong (Song di lie zhuan). Jilin wen shi chu ban she, 1997.
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Huang yin tian zi Ming Shenzong. Shi dai wen yi chu ban she, 1993.
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Religion and Daoism (Shenzong Yu Daojia). Fudan University Press, PRChina, 1995.
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He, Baoshan. Ming Shenzong yu Ming Ding ling. Xin hua shu dian jing xiao, 1998.
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Da bian fa: Song Shenzong yu shi yi shi ji di gai ge yun dong (Zhonghua wen ku). Jing xiao Xin hua shu dian, 1996.
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Choi, Mihwa. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190459765.003.0001.
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This study inquires into the historical question of how the politics surrounding death rituals contributed to the revival of Confucianism. It examines major changes in ritual performance both at the imperial court and in society at large during the reigns from Zhenzong to Shenzong. It investigates how polarizing debates about death rituals introduced new terrain for political power dynamics between monarchy and officialdom, and between groups of politically and intellectually divided court officials. In order to answer why death rituals in particular became focal points of contention, it delineates the social imaginaries implied in the distinct death rituals preferred by three powerful and competing social groups—emperors, scholar-officials, and rich merchants. It also aims to engage the theoretical question of how diverse social groups’ contentions over ritual were enmeshed in the struggle over social imaginaries between groups as they envisioned different construction of social reality.
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Yang, Shi. Feng xue Dingling: Di xia xuan gong dong kai zhi mi (Zhongguo wen hua shi tan mi cong shu). Xin hua shu dian Beijing fa xing suo fa xing, 1997.
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Cheung, Hiu Yu. „Yuanfeng Ritual Reforms and the 1079 Zhaomu Debate“. In Empowered by Ancestors, 85–103. Hong Kong University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528585.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 examines a ritual debate in the late reign of Emperor Shenzong engaging ritual officials who all came from the reformist camp. By focusing on the zhaomu昭穆 sequence of imperial ancestors in the Song Imperial Temple, these officials revisited some crucial norms of Confucian ancestral rituals, such as the ritual affiliations between grandfathers and grandsons. In terms of ritual interests, this chapter reveals the discrepancy within the reformist camp.
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Ming-kin, Chu. „The Politics of Reform at the Imperial University“. In The Politics of Higher Education, 73–119. Hong Kong University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528196.003.0004.
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Chapter 3 discusses the installation of a school promotion mechanism at the Imperial University in 1071 as a product of negotiation and compromise between emperor Shenzong and reform-minded scholar-officials. Implementation of the Three Hall system triggered an increasingly politicized Imperial University, signified by Wang Anshi’s elimination of dissenting lecturers while exploiting educational institutions to promote his own school of thought. The final part of this chapter discusses the response of the emperor to Wang Anshi’s dominance. By removing Wang’s disciples from teaching positions and installing a comprehensive regulatory framework to administer the metropolitan schools, the emperor reclaimed his authority over official recruitment.
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Cheung, Hiu Yu. „Conclusion“. In Empowered by Ancestors, 183–90. Hong Kong University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528585.003.0009.
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This book provides a missing link in the history of the Middle Period of China. It demonstrates how ritual in the Song dynasty intertwined more with scholar-officials’ intellectual endeavors than with their political stances. Based on their own interpretations of imperial ritual traditions and related ritual commentaries, Northern Song ritual officials sought monarchical support to initiate a campaign of reviving ancient temple rituals. In particular, officials and scholars under the influence of Wang Anshi’s ritual scholarship emphasized the necessity of revising the layout of the Imperial Temple, in order to conform to the ancient setting that was recorded in the ritual Classics. Scholar-officials outside the New Learning circle also championed the New Learning advocacy of an idealized ancient Imperial Temple. Some of them were adamant opponents of Wang Anshi’s New Policies. The disjunction between scholar-officials’ political stances and their ritual interests provides a counterexample to the conventional understanding of Song factional politics as polarizing political groups. As I have demonstrated in my discussion of the 1072 debate on the Primal Ancestor of the temple, it was quite understandable for some late eleventh-century ritual officials to share a common interest with Wang Anshi and Emperor Shenzong in promoting ritual reforms—despite the conservative stances of these same ritual officials on the political level. In this light, this book illustrates how Song debates and discussions over the Imperial Temple and temple rituals differentiated scholar-officials’ ritual interests and shaped their identities on the intellectual dimension....
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„A Defining Moment: Shenzong’s Reign (1067-85)“. In Poetry and Painting in Song China, 28–50. BRILL, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9781684170333_004.
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Ming-kin, Chu. „Factional Politics and Policy Reversals“. In The Politics of Higher Education, 120–53. Hong Kong University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528196.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 shows how the anti-reformers mythologized the Imperial University in the 1050s as an ideal prototype, which serves not only as a basis to criticize the Three Hall system but also as a tool to limit the prerogatives of the teenage emperor Zhezong. Yet when Zhezong resumed personal rule in 1093, he reinstated and further expanded Shenzong’s practices at the Imperial University, through which imperial authority was reinforced once again. Frequent reversals of university personnel, school curriculum and examination topics in less than two decades are manifestations of fierce contests among different factions at court.
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Taber, Douglass F. „The Li/Yang Synthesis of (±)-Maoecrystal V“. In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0100.
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Maoecrystal V 3, isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Isodon eriocalyx, shows selective inhibition of HeLa cells at low nanomolar concentration (IC50 = 60 nm). Chuang-Chuang Li of Shenzen Graduate School of Peking University and Zhen Yang of Peking University, Beijing, designed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 16745) the first total synthesis of 3, based on the intramolecular Diels-Alder cyclization of 1 to 2. The preparation of 1 began with the ketone 4. Methoxycarbonylation of 4 followed by with high diastereocontrol to coupling with 6 delivered 7. As expected, hydride reduction of the cyclic β-keto ester proceeded give the undesired trans diastereomer. Fortunately, the bulky tetrabuylammonium borohydride delivered the cis diastereomer, which could be reduced to the diol 8. Rh-catalyzed carbene insertion into the O-H bond followed by condensation with formaldehyde then completed the preparation of the precursor 10. Deprotection of 10 followed by oxidation presumably gave 1. There are two faces to the diene of 1, and then the acetoxylated stereogenic center, so four products are possible. In the event, three of the four were observed, of which 2 was the major. To complete the synthesis of 3, the secondary alcohol of 11 was introduced by allylic bromination followed by radical reduction and trapping with TEMPO. The acetoxy group was reduced off, and then the more reactive alkene was removed by selective hydrogenation. Oxidation and base treatment then delivered the equilibrium mixture of (±)-maoecrystal V 3 and its methyl epimer. The synthesis of 3 as reported led to the racemate of the natural product. The starting cyclohexene 1 can be prepared (Tetrahedron Lett . 2000, 41, 3871) from 2,2-dimethylcyclohexane- 1,3-dione 12. Yeast reduction of the prochiral 12 is known to proceed with high (S)-induction. It may be that a route could be devised from the reduction product 13 to enantiomerically pure 7.
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Taber, Douglass F. „Diels-Alder Cycloaddition: (+)-Armillarivin (Banwell), Gelsemiol (Gademann), (+)-Frullanolide (Liao), Myceliothermophin A (Uchiro), Peribysin E (Reddy), Caribenol A (Li/Yang)“. In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0081.
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Martin G. Banwell of the Australian National University prepared (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 1934) the enantiomerically pure diol 1 by fermentation of the aromatic precursor. Diels-Alder addition of cyclopentenone 2 proceeded well at elevated pressure to give 3, the precursor to (+)-armillarivin 4. Karl Gademann of the University of Basel found (Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 2589) that the Diels-Alder addition of 6 to 5 proceeded best without solvent and with Cu catalysis to give 7. Reduction under free radical conditions led to gelsemiol 8. Chun-Chen Liao of the National TsingHua University carried out (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 1584) the diastereoselective addition of 10 to 9. A later oxy-Cope rearrangement established the octalin skeleton of (+)-frullanolide 12. D. Srinivasa Reddy of CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory devised (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 1894) a strategy for the construction of the angularly substituted cis-fused aldehyde 15 based on Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 14 to the diene 13. Further transformation led to racemic peribysin-E 16. An effective enantioselective catalyst for dienophiles such as 14 has not yet been developed. Hiromi Uchiro of the Tokyo University of Science prepared (Tetrahedron Lett. 2012, 53, 5167) the bicyclic core of myceliothermophin A 19 by BF3•Et2O-promoted cyclization of the tetraene 17. The single ternary center of 17 mediated the formation of the three new stereogenic centers of 18, including the angular substitution. En route to caribenol A 22, Chuang-Chuang Li and Zhen Yang of the Peking University Shenzen Graduate School assembled (J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 5492) the triene 20 from two enantiomerically pure precursors. Inclusion of the radical inhibitor BHT sufficed to suppress competing polymerization, allowing clean cyclization to 21. Methylene blue has also been used (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5088) for this purpose.
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Taber, Douglass F. „Substituted Benzenes: The Subba Reddy Synthesis of 7-Desmethoxyfusarentin“. In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0064.
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Andrey P. A ntonchick of the Max-Planck-Institut Dortmund devised (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 5518) a protocol for the direct amination of an arene 1 to give the amide 3. Douglass A. Klumpp of Northern University showed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2012, 53, 4779) that under strong acid conditions, an arene 4 could be carboxylated to give the amide 6. Eiji Tayama of Niigata University coupled (Tetrahedron Lett. 2012, 53, 5159) an arene 7 with the α-diazo ester 8 to give 9. Guy C. Lloyd-Jones and Christopher A. Russell of the University of Bristol activated (Science 2012, 337, 1644) the aryl silane 11 to give an intermediate that coupled with the arene 10 to give 12. Ram A. Vishwakarma and Sandip P. Bharate of the Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine effected (Tetrahedron Lett. 2012, 53, 5958) ipso nitration of an areneboronic acid 13 to give 14. Stephen L. Buchwald of MIT coupled (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 11132) sodium isocyanate with the aryl chloride 15 (aryl triflates also worked well) to give the isocyanate 16, which could be coupled with phenol to give the carbamate or carried onto the unsymmetrical urea. Zhengwu Shen of the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine used (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 3644) ethyl cyanoacetate 18 as the donor for the conversion of the aryl bromide 17 to the nitrile 19. Kuo Chu Hwang of the National Tsig Hua University showed (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2012, 354, 3421) that under the stimulation of blue LED light the Castro-Stephens coupling of 20 with 21 proceeded efficiently at room temperature. Lutz Ackermann of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen employed (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 4210) a Ru catalyst to oxidize the amide 23 to the phenol 24. Both Professor Ackermann (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 6206) and Guangbin Dong of the University of Texas (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 13075) described related work on the ortho hydroxylation of aryl ketones. George A. Kraus of Iowa State University rearranged (Tetrahedron Lett. 2012, 53, 7072) the aryl benzyl ether 25 to the phenol 26. The synthetic utility of the triazene 27 was demonstrated (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 7242) by Yong Huang of the Shenzen Graduate School of Peking University.
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Taber, Douglass F. „C–C Bond Construction: The Zhu Synthesis of Goniomitine“. In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646165.003.0023.
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Non-enolizable β-keto esters such as 3 are fragile and difficult to prepare. Karl J. Hale of Queen’s University Belfast devised (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 370) soft enolization conditions for methoxycarbonylation of 1 with 2. Zheng Huang of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry coupled (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 1144) 4 with 5 under Ir catalysis to make 6. Tomoya Miura and Masahiro Murakami of Kyoto University combined (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 3883) the diazo precursor 8 with the allylic alcohol 7 to give 9, the product of Claisen rearrangement. Tsuyoshi Satoh of the Tokyo University of Science showed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2013, 54, 2533) that the combination of the carbenoid 10 with a ketone enolate 11 led to the cyclopropanol (not illustrated). Jin Kun Cha of Wayne State University found (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 1780) that such cyclopropanols coupled with an acid chloride 12 under Pd catalysis to give the diketone 13. Christopher J. O’Brien of Dublin City University established (Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 5854) conditions for the catalytic Wittig reaction of 14 with 15 to give 16, with in situ reduction of the phosphine oxide. Amir H. Hoveyda of Boston College showed (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 1414) that the allene of 17 underwent selective borylation, leading after coupling with 18 to the triene 19. Damian W. Young of the Broad Institute demonstrated (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 1218) that ring-closing metathesis gave the alkenyl silane 20 with high geometric control. Halogenation to give 21 could then proceed with either retention or inversion of alkene geometry. Jianwei Sun of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and Zigang Li of the Shenzen Graduate School of Peking University condensed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 4680) the alkyne 22 with 23 to give the trisubstituted alkene 24 with high geometric control. The condensation worked equally well with medium and large ring ethers. Hua-Jian Xu of the Hefei University of Technology combined (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 1472) the bromo alkyne 25 with the carboxylate 26 to give the nitrile 27.
10
Taber, Douglass F. „Diels–Alder Cycloaddition: Pancratistatin (Cho), Nootkatone (Reddy), Platensimycin (Zhang/Lee), Scabronine G (Nakada), Isoglaziovianol (Trauner)“. In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646165.003.0077.
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Samuel J. Danishefsky of Columbia University and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center made (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2013, 110, 10904) the unexpected observation that methylation of the enolate derived from conjugate addition to the readily-prepared 1 followed by intramolecular alkene metathesis led to the trans fused ketone 2. This can be contrasted to the diastereo- and regioisomer 3, the product from Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 2-methylcyclohexenone to isoprene. The trans ring fusion of 2 is particularly significant because ozonolysis followed by aldol condensation would deliver the angularly-methylated trans-fused 6/5 C–D ring system of the steroids and related natural products. Cheon-Gyu Cho of Hanyang University added (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 5806) the activated dienophile 4 to the dienyl lactone to give, after oxidation, the dibromide 5. Debromination followed by oxidation led to the antineoplastic lactam pancratistatin 6. D. Srinivasa Reddy of CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pune devised (J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 8149) a cascade protocol of Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 8 to the diene 7, followed by intramolecular aldol condensation, to give the enone 9. Oxidative manipulation followed by methylenation completed the synthesis of the commercially important grapefruit flavor nootkatone 10. Xinhao Zhang and Chi-Sing Lee of the Peking University Shenzen Graduate School uncovered (J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 7912) another cascade transformation, intermolecular addition of 11 to 12 followed by intramolecular Conia-ene cyclization, to give the tricyclic 13. Further manipulation led to an established intermediate for the total synthesis of platensimycin 14. Masahisa Nakada of Waseda University prepared (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 7569) the enantiomerically-pure allene 15. Oxidation of the phenol to the monoketal of the cyclohexadienone set the stage for intramolecular cycloaddition to give 16. Oxidative cleavage followed by intramolecular alkene metathesis led to (+)-scabronine G 17. Dirk Trauner of the University of Munich assembled (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 4324) the enantiomerically-pure alcohol 18. Oxidation gave the quinone, leading to intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition. The free alcohol then added to the exocyclic alkene of that product, to give, after further oxidation, the ether 19. Deprotection followed by reduction then completed the synthesis of (−)-isoglaziovianol 20.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Shenzong"
1
Forsberg, Torben, und Poul Ove Jensen. „The Shenzhong Link – A synthesis of architectural and structural design“. In IABSE Symposium, Vancouver 2017: Engineering the Future. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/vancouver.2017.1375.
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2
Jiang, Renrong, Hao Wang, Hongga Li, Lin Liu und Xiaoxia Huang. „Urban Land Use Early Warning System for Shenzheng City“. In The International Conference on Remote Sensing,Environment and Transportation Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rsete.2013.24.
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3
Sun, Jianwei, und Dianliang Xiao. „Study on risk management of floating transportation and installation operation of immersed tunnel based on ShenZhong Link“. In 2019 5th International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety (ICTIS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictis.2019.8883793.
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4
Wong, Kaufui V., und Sarmad Chaudhry. „Use of Satellite Images for Observational and Quantitative Analysis of Urban Heat Islands Around the World“. In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-93029.
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Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII) is calculated as the spatially-averaged temperature difference between an urban and its surrounding rural area. This concept, however, provides an umbrella for a range of diversified ideas that include the temperature difference between the densely developed urban area and least developed area or between two different built-up areas. There are also averages for the season, for the year, for multiple years, etc. and UHII quoted for the day and another for the night. The objective of this work is to examine the urban heat island effect for cities around the world, using readily available data. The innovation is in using data from the Landsat satellites for different cities previously not studied. Thermal images of the Earth were obtained and analyzed to produce surface temperature maps. These maps showed that the temperature in the urban environments were significantly higher than the temperature in the surrounding countryside, a defining characteristic of urban heat island. Furthermore, the urban and rural areas in the images were separated and analyzed individually to quantitatively measure the temperature difference. It was found that the UHII could be 0.3–5.1°C for the eleven cities investigated. Miami and Shenzen are two cities which seem to have been missed in previous studies because they were limited in their scope and responsibilities, and their methods required much more resources for the longer term studies. It is not the claim here that a UHI is definitively established by the analysis presented of the Landsat satellite data. The present work demonstrates the use of a possible planning tool in terms of understanding where urban areas may be subjected to additional heat. Our use of the method shows that a UHI is probably taking place at the time of observation, and precautionary notices should be sent out to the community to take preventative measures to ensure their health and wellbeing. The minimal resources required is the demonstration shown by our work of the usefulness of this method.