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Glikson, Ella, Arik Cheshin und Gerben A. van Kleef. „The Dark Side of a Smiley“. Social Psychological and Personality Science 9, Nr. 5 (31.07.2017): 614–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617720269.
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First impressions are heavily influenced by emotional expressions such as smiles. In face-to-face contact, smiling individuals are perceived as warmer and as more competent than nonsmiling individuals. In computer-mediated communication, which is primarily text-based, the “smiley” (☺) constitutes the digital representation of a smile. But is a smiley a suitable replacement for a smile? We conducted three experiments to examine the impact of smiley use on virtual first impressions in work-related contexts. Our findings provide first-time evidence that, contrary to actual smiles, smileys do not increase perceptions of warmth and actually decrease perceptions of competence. Perceptions of low competence in turn undermined information sharing. The adverse effects of smiley use are moderated by the formality of the social context and mediated by perceptions of message appropriateness. These results indicate that a smiley is not a smile. The findings have implications for theorizing on the social functionality of virtual emotional expressions.
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FUJIWARA, KEN, KOSUKE TAKEMURA und SATOKO SUZUKI. „WHEN A SMILE DOES NO GOOD: CREATIVITY REDUCTION AMONG AVOIDANCE- VERSUS APPROACH-ORIENTED INDIVIDUALS IN DYADIC INTERACTIONS“. International Journal of Innovation Management 20, Nr. 04 (Mai 2016): 1640007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919616400077.
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This study examined the influence of others’ smiles on individuals’ creativity. According to popular belief, individuals get motivated to be more creative when others smile at them. In contrast, we hypothesised that smiles would make avoidance-oriented (versus approach-oriented) individuals less creative, as they may lose the motivation to pursue further novelty once they gain social approval, as implied by a smile. Forty-two participants were paired with a same-sex stranger and randomly assigned to the role of either an “illustrator” or a “commentator.” The illustrators performed the Alien Drawing Task and the commentators gave feedbacks regarding the drawing, which were repeated six times and video-recorded. As expected, the results showed significant interaction effects between others’ smiles and avoidance orientation on creativity: participants high in avoidance orientation showed less creativity when others smiled at them. In addition, nodding had the same effect as a smile did, confirming that social approval decreases the creativity of avoidance-oriented individuals.
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Luo, He-Lin, Jinyao Lin und Yi-Ping Hung. „Interactive Art—Smiling Buddha: Recording the Moment at Which an Observer Smiles through Sight Detection and Smile Recognition“. Leonardo 52, Nr. 2 (April 2019): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01688.
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In the interactive installation Smiling Buddha, we aimed to “pass on” a smile from one observer to the next. Thus, we have designed a natural interactive process that keeps passing on smiles. The system captures the moment at which an observer smiles before kinetically recording the moment and saving the images. The system does not merely record an image from a single angle; instead, the device records the user’s smile from various angles during the interaction. The final smile features different angles of smiles from previous users together with the smile of the present user. After completing the interactive experience, the user’s data will be saved and transmitted to the “Smiling Database,” where the smiles of past users will then be reproduced in the display area. Through the vast quantity of smiles, we wish to achieve our core concept of “passing on a smile.”
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Mann, Timothy A., und Yoonsuck Choe. „Grounding the meaning of non-prototypical smiles on motor behavior“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2010): 453–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x1000155x.
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AbstractWe address how the motor system can contribute to the “meaning” component of smile perception. A smile perceiver can ground the meaning of non-prototypical smiles by interacting with the presenter to maintain the presenter's type of smile. In this case, the meaning of that smile is congruent with the motor behavior that elicits that smile (such as a funny gesture).
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Maharjan, Surendra, Anjana Rajbhandari, Resina Pradhan, Manju Bajracharya, Pushkar Manandhar und Bashu Dev Pant. „Average Type Smile in Posed Smile of Individuals Visiting Department of Orthodontics of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study“. Journal of Nepal Medical Association 60, Nr. 247 (11.03.2022): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.7072.
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Introduction: New concepts and methods have been developed in orthodontics with patients' increased concern on esthetics. Among the various parameters of smile, smile type, smile arc, and smile symmetry are essential for a beautiful smile. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of average type in posed smiles of individuals visiting the department of orthodontics. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st April 2021 to 30th June 2021 at a tertiary care hospital. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 1, CH No. 30, 2077/2078). A convenience sampling technique was used to collect a total of 413 samples of posed smile photographs. Data was collected and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2013. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage. Results: Among 413 individuals, the average type of smile was found in 193 (46.73%) (42.12-51.74 at 95% Confidence Interval). Out of 87 average smile type males, most of them 51 (58.62%) had non consonant smile arcs and 47 (54.02%) had asymmetric type smiles. On the contrary, the majority of females 76 (71.70%) had a consonant arc smile while 63 (59.43%) had an asymmetric smile. Conclusions: The prevalence of the average type of smile was higher in our study as in other published literatures.
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Rossini, Gabriele, Simone Parrini, Tommaso Castroflorio, Arturo Fortini, Andrea Deregibus und Cesare L. Debernardi. „Children's perceptions of smile esthetics and their influence on social judgment“. Angle Orthodontist 86, Nr. 6 (02.05.2016): 1050–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/102715-722.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To define a threshold of acceptance of smile esthetics for children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: A systematic search in the medical literature (PubMed, PubMed Central, National Library of Medicine's Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Google Scholar, and LILACs) was performed to identify all peer-reviewed papers reporting data regarding the evaluation of children's and adolescents' perceptions of dental esthetic factors. The search was conducted using a research strategy based on keywords such as “children,” “adolescents,” “smile aesthetics perception,” “smile aesthetics evaluation.” Studies analyzing smile esthetics involving at least 10 observers younger than 18 years of age were selected. Results: Among the 1667 analyzed articles, five studies were selected for the final review process. No study included in the review analyzed perception of smile anomalies in a quantitative or qualitative way, thus no threshold was identified for smile features. Among the analyzed samples, unaltered smiles were always significantly associated with better evaluation scores when compared with altered smiles. Conclusions: Smile esthetics influence social perception during childhood and adolescence. However, thresholds of smile esthetic acceptance in children and adolescents are still not available.
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Deutsch, Francine M., Dorothy LeBaron und Maury March Fryer. „What is in a Smile?“ Psychology of Women Quarterly 11, Nr. 3 (September 1987): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1987.tb00908.x.
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Women have been observed to smile more than men in a variety of social contexts. In order to investigate the consequences of this sex difference for the way men and women are perceived, male and female college students rated the characteristics of men and women depicted in verbal descriptions accompanied by photographs in which they either smiled or did not smile. In control conditions these targets were rated without accompanying photographs. The findings showed that the absence of smiles had a greater impact on perceptions of women than on perceptions of men. When not smiling, women were perceived as less happy, less carefree and less relaxed than were men. Moreover, nonsmiling women were rated less happy, less warm, less relaxed and less carefree than the average woman, whereas smiling men were rated more favorably on those traits than the average man. These results suggest that different standards are applied to men and women. If women fail to perform expressive and warm nonverbal behavior, they will be evaluated more harshly than men.
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de Deus Tupinambá Rodrigues, Caroline, Romeu Magnani, Maria Salete Candido Machado und Osmir Batista Oliveira. „The Perception of Smile Attractiveness“. Angle Orthodontist 79, Nr. 4 (01.07.2009): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/030508-131.1.
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Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the attractiveness of a smile according to variations from esthetic norms, photographic framing, and the order of the presentation of photographs. Materials and Methods: A photograph of an individual was selected and digitally manipulated to create the following smiles: an ideal control smile (I), a smile with diastema (D1), a smile with midline deviation (LM3), a smile with deviation from the long axes of the lateral incisors (10D), and a smile with an inverted smile arc (LSRV). The manipulated photographs were developed in framings of the face and of the mouth and evaluated by 20 laypeople. For half the evaluators, the presentation started with facial photographs and, for the other half, the presentation began with the mouth shots. Evaluators were asked to rank the photographs from the least to the most attractive; then, each photograph was awarded a mark (scale of 0.0 to 10.0). Results: In both presentations, the smiles I, LM3, 10D, and LSRV received favorable ratings, whereas the D1 smile got poor ratings. The photographic framings used (face vs mouth) and the order of presentation of the photographs did not influence the rankings. Conclusion: The absence of variations from beauty norms of a smile has a positive impact on its esthetic perception, but variations from the norms do not necessarily result in reduced attractiveness.
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Van der Geld, Pieter, Paul Oosterveld, Guus Van Heck und Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman. „Smile Attractiveness“. Angle Orthodontist 77, Nr. 5 (01.09.2007): 759–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/082606-349.
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Abstract Objectives: To investigate self-perception of smile attractiveness and to determine the role of smile line and other aspects correlated with smile attractiveness and their influence on personality traits. Subjects and Methods: Participants judged their smile attractiveness with a patient-specific questionnaire. The questionnaire contained a spontaneous smiling photograph of the participant. Objective smile-line height was measured using a digital videographic method for smile analysis. Personality was assessed with the Dutch Personality Index. Results: Cronbach's α for the smile judgment questionnaire was .77. The results showed that size of teeth, visibility of teeth, and upper lip position were critical factors in self-perception of smile attractiveness (social dimension). Color of teeth and gingival display were critical factors in satisfaction with smile appearance (individual dimension). Participants, smiling with teeth entirely displayed and some gingival display (two to four millimeters), perceived their smile line as most esthetic. Smiles with disproportional gingival display were judged negatively and correlated with the personality characteristics of neuroticism and self-esteem. Visibility and position of teeth correlated with dominance. Conclusion: The results of this research underpin the psychosocial importance and the dental significance of an attractive smile.
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Esper, Luis Augusto, Michyele Cristhiane Sbrana, Mércia Jussara da Silva Cunha, Guilherme Santos Moreira und Ana Lúcia Pompéia Fraga de Almeida. „Esthetic Composition of Smile in Individuals with Cleft Lip, Alveolus, and Palate: Visibility of the Periodontium and the Esthetics of Smile“. Plastic Surgery International 2012 (21.11.2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/563734.
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Objective. To evaluate characteristics of smile related to visibility in individuals with cleft lip, alveolus, and palate. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. HRAC/USP, Brazil. Patients. Individuals with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate , aged 15–30 years. Interventions. Frontal facial photographs were obtained in natural and forced smiles . Six specialists in periodontics evaluated the photographs as to the smile line, thickness, and curve of the upper lip. Main Outcome Measures. The cleft area was compared with the contralateral region. Results were expressed as percentages and means. The findings were compared between groups of periodontists. Results. Statistically significant relationship was observed in the smile line between examiners and between natural and forced smiles, regardless of the association with the cleft side. The lip was thicker at rest and thinner in the forced smile, as also evaluated by the group not experienced with cleft care. The curve of the upper lip in natural and forced smiles was considered as close to straight by both groups, regardless of the cleft. Conclusion. The smile in individuals with clefts was regarded as average for both cleft and noncleft sides. The thickness was characterized as average to thin, being thinner in forced smile and when analyzed by the group not experienced with cleft care. In the average, the curve of the upper lip was considered as straight. The present study elucidates some characteristics related to the smile in individuals with repaired unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate.
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Rychlowska, Magdalena, Rachael E. Jack, Oliver G. B. Garrod, Philippe G. Schyns, Jared D. Martin und Paula M. Niedenthal. „Functional Smiles: Tools for Love, Sympathy, and War“. Psychological Science 28, Nr. 9 (25.07.2017): 1259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617706082.
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A smile is the most frequent facial expression, but not all smiles are equal. A social-functional account holds that smiles of reward, affiliation, and dominance serve basic social functions, including rewarding behavior, bonding socially, and negotiating hierarchy. Here, we characterize the facial-expression patterns associated with these three types of smiles. Specifically, we modeled the facial expressions using a data-driven approach and showed that reward smiles are symmetrical and accompanied by eyebrow raising, affiliative smiles involve lip pressing, and dominance smiles are asymmetrical and contain nose wrinkling and upper-lip raising. A Bayesian-classifier analysis and a detection task revealed that the three smile types are highly distinct. Finally, social judgments made by a separate participant group showed that the different smile types convey different social messages. Our results provide the first detailed description of the physical form and social messages conveyed by these three types of functional smiles and document the versatility of these facial expressions.
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Maher, Nicola, Sebastian Milinski und Ralf Ludwig. „Large ensemble climate model simulations: introduction, overview, and future prospects for utilising multiple types of large ensemble“. Earth System Dynamics 12, Nr. 2 (22.04.2021): 401–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-401-2021.
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Abstract. Single model initial-condition large ensembles (SMILEs) are valuable tools that can be used to investigate the climate system. SMILEs allow scientists to quantify and separate the internal variability of the climate system and its response to external forcing, with different types of SMILEs appropriate to answer different scientific questions. In this editorial we first provide an introduction to SMILEs and an overview of the studies in the special issue “Large Ensemble Climate Model Simulations: Exploring Natural Variability, Change Signals and Impacts”. These studies analyse a range of different types of SMILEs including global climate models (GCMs), regionally downscaled climate models (RCMs), a hydrological model with input from a RCM SMILE, a SMILE with prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) built for event attribution, a SMILE that assimilates observed data, and an initialised regional model. These studies provide novel methods, that can be used with SMILEs. The methods published in this issue include a snapshot empirical orthogonal function analysis used to investigate El Niño–Southern Oscillation teleconnections; the partitioning of future uncertainty into model differences, internal variability, and scenario choices; a weighting scheme for multi-model ensembles that can incorporate SMILEs; and a method to identify the required ensemble size for any given problem. Studies in this special issue also focus on RCM SMILEs, with projections of the North Atlantic Oscillation and its regional impacts assessed over Europe, and an RCM SMILE intercomparison. Finally a subset of studies investigate projected impacts of global warming, with increased water flows projected for future hydrometeorological events in southern Ontario; precipitation projections over central Europe are investigated and found to be inconsistent across models in the Alps, with a continuation of past tendencies in Mid-Europe; and equatorial Asia is found to have an increase in the probability of large fire and drought events under higher levels of warming. These studies demonstrate the utility of different types of SMILEs. In the second part of this editorial we provide a perspective on how three types of SMILEs could be combined to exploit the advantages of each. To do so we use a GCM SMILE and an RCM SMILE with all forcings, as well as a naturally forced GCM SMILE (nat-GCM) over the European domain. We utilise one of the key advantages of SMILEs, precisely separating the forced response and internal variability within an individual model to investigate a variety of simple questions. Broadly we show that the GCM can be used to investigate broad-scale patterns and can be directly compared to the nat-GCM to attribute forced changes to either anthropogenic emissions or volcanoes. The RCM provides high-resolution spatial information of both the forced change and the internal variability around this change at different warming levels. By combining all three ensembles we can gain information that would not be available using a single type of SMILE alone, providing a perspective on future research that could be undertaken using these tools.
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Ohta, Ryuichi, Megumi Nishida, Nobuyasu Okuda und Chiaki Sano. „The Smiles of Older People through Recreational Activities: Relationship between Smiles and Joy“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 4 (09.02.2021): 1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041600.
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Recreational activities are found to increase people’s smiles, arising joy in older people, but there is limited research on this topic within the Japanese context. This cross-sectional study aimed to measure the quality and frequency of smiles in older people living in rural settings using a smile analysis application. The participants comprised 13 females aged over 65 years who lived in Unnan City, Japan, and regularly attended recreational meetings. In this study, the recreational activity that the participants joined was a game called Mattoss. A video camera captured the participants’ faces, while a smile assessment application assessed their facial expressions for smiles and joy. A total of 2767 smiles were recorded. For validity, we calculated the Spearman’s rho score between smile and joy, which was 0.9697 (p < 0.001), while for reliability, we determined the Spearman’s rho score for each participant, which exceeded 0.7 (p < 0.001). Surges of smiles were induced by one’s own mistakes, successes, and big mistakes in the game and by severe or mild judgments by the referee. High validity and reliability of smile evaluation were demonstrated. The study found that smiling increased during recreational activities. Therefore, recreational activities can be encouraged for older people living in rural communities.
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Dindaroğlu, Furkan, Servet Doğan und Aslıhan Ertan Erdinç. „Smile Esthetics: Age Related Changes, and Objective Differences between Social and Spontaneous Smiles“. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 36, Nr. 1 (01.09.2011): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.36.1.a7331226p6464514.
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Objective: To evaluate the importance of age in orthodontic treatment by studying the dependence of smile and resting parameters on age and to expose differences between social and spontaneous smiles. Materials and Methods: Subjects consisted of 67 individuals aged between 17 and 55. The video recordings were transferred to a computer. 200 still frames were captured for each individual. 50 were captured in resting position, 50 during speech, 50 for social, and 50 for spontaneous smiles. One picture was selected from each group based on how pictures reflected the desired point ANOVA and Scheffe Post-hoc tests were performed on smile measurements. Results: In all the resting parameters, statistically significant differences were observed among age groups. Also, the response of these parameters to age differs between men and women. Statistically significant differences were found in some smile parameters among different age groups, for both smile types. We find significant differences between social and spontaneous smiles. Conclusion: Age related alterations should be taken into consideration during treatment planning, especially in women. Due to its high consistency, there are advantages with using a spontaneous smile in soft-hard tissue evaluations. We also emphasize the necessity to take dynamic registrations for a true functional evaluation.
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Al Taki, Amjad, Thar Hayder Mohammed und Ahmad Mohammad Hamdan. „Influence of the Smile Line on Smile Attractiveness in Short and Long Face Individuals“. International Journal of Dentistry 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2637148.
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Objectives. The study assessed the impact of facial height on attractiveness of smile, in association with the maxillary gingival display. This research was performed by dental professionals and laypersons.Materials and Methods. Frontal extraoral photographs were captured for both short and long faces. The photographs were modified using software for image-processing and three rater groups (orthodontists, dentists, and laypersons) evaluated the smile attractiveness, with 30 subjects in each group. Differences in ratings of the different smiles among the different experimental groups were examined using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The Mann–WhitneyUtest was performed for pairwise comparisons between the experimental groups.Results. Dentists and laypeople were most likely to agree. For the short face, laypeople and dentists both rated the +2 mm gingival display smile as the most attractive smile whilst orthodontists ranked the 0 mm gingival display smile as the most attractive smile. For the long face, laypeople and dentists ranked the 0 mm gingival display smile as the most attractive smile, whilst orthodontists ranked the +2 mm gingival display as the most attractive.Conclusion. Smile line of both short and long face subjects was found to influence the smile attractiveness rating by the three rater groups.
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DURIGON, Migueli, Bruno Pinto ALESSI, Matheus NEVES und Micheline Sandini TRENTIN. „Perception of dentists, dental students, and patients on dentogingival aesthetics“. Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 47, Nr. 2 (März 2018): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.08917.
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Abstract Introduction Patients’ demand for dentogingival aesthetics has increased significantly in recent years, and this is a complex concept due to numerous factors involved in obtaining patient/professional satisfaction. Some dentogingival features may alter smile harmony, such as excessive gingival display. Objective To evaluate whether the presence of gingival display has a negative influence on the perception of dentogingival aesthetics. Material and method 180 individuals (60 dentists, 60 dental students, and 60 patients) evaluated images of volunteer smiles. These images were digitally altered by the Adobe Photoshop™ software, creating different situations of gingival display (4 mm, 2 mm, 0 mm, -2 mm, -4 mm), and graded by the evaluators with the following scores: (01) very pleasant smile, (02) pleasant smile, and 03) unpleasant smile. The scores assigned were analyzed using ANOVA (α=0.05). Result Gingival displays between 0 and 2 mm were considered aesthetically pleasing. Changes of -4 and +4 mm were defined as the most disharmonious smiles. The 0-mm female smile was considered the most harmonious for dentists (1.51) and dental students (1.77), by Student's t test (p<0.05). In the opinion of patients, the smile of +2 mm was considered the most aesthetic. In the image evaluations of men, the 0-mm smile was considered the most aesthetic (p <0.05) for dentists (1.85) and dental students (1.62). The patients considered +2 mm of gingival display the most harmonious smile. Conclusion The aesthetic perception of dental students and dentists was different when compared to the group of patients.
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Gabrielle de Carli da Silva, Eduardo Dickie de Castilhos, Alexandre Severo Masotti und Sinval Adalberto Rodrigues-Junior. „Dental esthetic self-perception of Brazilian dental students“. RSBO 9, Nr. 4 (13.12.2013): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v9i4.1016.
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Esthetics in dentistry aims to improve the patients’ self-esteem and satisfaction regarding how beautiful and attractive they feel. However, patients and dental professionals may perceive the concept of esthetics differently instead, which may cause the dissatisfaction of the patient with the results of the treatment. Objective: This cross-sectional observational study aimed to verify the esthetic self-perception of undergraduate dental students regarding their own smile. Material and methods: A questionnaire, designed by Goldstein [10] to measure the patients’ self-perception and satisfaction, regarding their smiles, was applied to undergraduate students of different semesters of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Pelotas. Results: Our results showed that women are more dissatisfied with their smiles than men. Students attending different semesters worried somehow about the esthetics of their smiles and revealed the wish of having whiter teeth. Most students are satisfied with the shape of their teeth. Ninety two percent of the students feel self-confident regarding to smile, 90% believe someone else has a better smile, 87% look at the smile of models in fashion magazines, 71% wish to have whiter teeth and 80% wish to have rather a bigger or smaller teeth. Conclusion: Undergraduate dental students have a positive self-perception of their smile. Women are less satisfied than men. Students of the earlier semesters wish to have whiter teeth than students from the later semesters.
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Mui, Phoebe H. C., Yangfan Gan, Martijn B. Goudbeek und Marc G. J. Swerts. „Contextualising Smiles: Is Perception of Smile Genuineness Influenced by Situation and Culture?“ Perception 49, Nr. 3 (09.02.2020): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006620904510.
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Considerable evidence for contextual effects in emotion perception has been reported, but little is known about how contexts influence the perception of smiles, a rich source of social information. We investigated whether the perceived genuineness of a smile depends on the valence of the situation accompanying the smile, and whether such contextual effects depend on culture. Seventy-two North Americans and 83 mainland Chinese rated the genuineness of smiles displayed by Caucasians and East Asians in three situational contexts (positive, negative, and in isolation). Smiles in a negative situation were considered less genuine than the same smiles rated in isolation; this effect was observed for both groups of observers but stronger for North Americans, a finding at odds with the notion that East Asians are more likely to engage in holistic perceptual processes. Our study demonstrates contextual effects in assessment of smile genuineness, contributing new insights into the perception of affective information.
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Cotrim, Enio Ribeiro, Átila Valadares Vasconcelos Júnior, Ana Cristina Soares Santos Haddad und Sílvia Augusta Braga Reis. „Perception of adults' smile esthetics among orthodontists, clinicians and laypeople“. Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 20, Nr. 1 (Februar 2015): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.20.1.040-044.oar.
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OBJECTIVE: Smile esthetics has become a major concern among patients and orthodontists. Therefore, the aim of this study was: (1) To highlight differences in perception of smile esthetics by clinicians, orthodontists and laypeople; (2) To assess factors such as lip thickness, smile height, color gradation, tooth size and crowding, and which are associated with smile unpleasantness. METHODS: To this end, edited photographs emphasizing the lower third of the face of 41 subjects were assessed by three groups (orthodontists, laypeople and clinicians) who graded the smiles from 1 to 9, highlighting the markers that evince smile unpleasantness. Kruskall-Wallis test supplemented by Bonferroni test was used to assess differences among groups. Additionally, the prevailing factors in smile unpleasantness were also described. RESULTS: There was no significant difference (P = 0.67) among groups rates. However, the groups highlighted different characteristics associated with smile unpleasantness. Orthodontists emphasized little gingival display, whereas laypeople emphasized disproportionate teeth and clinicians emphasized yellow teeth. CONCLUSION: Orthodontists, laypeople and clinicians similarly assess smile esthetics; however, noticing different characteristics. Thus, the orthodontist must be careful not to impose his own perception of smile esthetics.
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Barros, Elaine Cristina da Silva, Marielly Damiana Oliveira de Carvalho, Karina Corrêa Flexa Ribeiro Mello, Patrícia Botelho und David Normando. „The ability of orthodontists and laypeople in the perception of gradual reduction of dentogingival exposure while smiling“. Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 17, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2012): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512012000500012.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess differences in how orthodontists and laypersons perceive a reduction in dentogingival display on smiling. METHODS: Sixty examiners from both genders (30 laypersons and 30 orthodontists) evaluated photographs of spontaneous smiles of two subjects , one male and one female. Based on the original images, smile height was modified by means of an image manipulation software program. The examiners assigned scores ranging from 0 to 10, according to the level of pleasantness. Method reproducibility was examined using the Wilcoxon test, while the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (p < 0.05) were employed to observe intra- and interexaminer differences, respectively. RESULTS: No differences were found between the groups of examiners - in terms of esthetics - in response to changes in smile height of both genders . However,men smile had lower acceptability than the women smile. A mild reduction in dentogingival display on smiling (2 mm) was not perceived by either laypersons or orthodontists (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: women smiles achieved higher scores than men smiles however, samples involving a larger number of subjects in each group are required to ensure whether or not this finding is linked to the subjects gender.
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Ahmed, Sadia Nisar, Nazish Falak, Iffat Batool, Kemia Gul, Arsalan Amin und Brekhna Yousafzai. „Smile Aesthetics Acuity of Lay-persons verses Dental Professionals“. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, Nr. 12 (10.12.2021): 3446–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115123446.
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Objective: To compare and evaluate the perception of smile aesthetics by lay-persons and dental specialists. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthodontics, Bacha Khan College of Dentistry/Medical Teaching Institute, Mardan from 1st April 2020 to 31st July 2021. Methodology: Eighty participants were assessed for their smiles through photographical imaging to assess each photographic image of smile (frontal view) and categorized them as very good, good, average or bad. Results: The mean age was 20.59±3.1 years with 59 females and 21 males. The laypeople assessed smile under categories of very good (60%) or good with a least number of people categorizing it average or bad. Contrary to this the dentist perception about smile aesthetic was completely reveres. Conclusion: There is an obvious variance between perception of laypeople and dentists with dentist being more analytical and judgmental. Key words: Incisors, Smile, Aesthetic, Smile arc
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Guéguen, Nicolas. „THE EFFECT OF A WOMAN'S SMILE ON MEN'S COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR“. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 36, Nr. 9 (01.01.2008): 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.9.1233.
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Previous studies have found that various nonverbal behaviors performed by women are associated with men approaching. A female confederate was instructed either to smile or to not smile at a man when entering a bar. It was found that those men who were smiled at approached the woman and considered her more favorably. This effect is explained in accordance with studies that found smiling enhanced attractiveness and that a smile is interpreted to be a signal of a woman's interest towards a man.
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Strojan Fležar, Margareta, Neža Nedelko, Mario Poljak, Anja Oštrbenk Valenčak und Helena Gutnik. „Stratified Mucin-Producing Intraepithelial Lesion (SMILE) of the Uterine Cervix: High-Risk HPV Genotype Predominance and p40 Immunophenotype“. Cells 10, Nr. 8 (10.08.2021): 2039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10082039.
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Stratified mucin-producing intraepithelial lesion (SMILE) is a rare high-grade cervical precancerous lesion designated a variant of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) in the WHO classification. We aimed to determine HPV genotypes, immunohistochemical phenotype and mucin presence in SMILE. Between 2010 and 2018, SMILE was diagnosed in 34 out of 6958 (0.5%) cervical biopsies, in 23 patients. Twenty-six tissue samples from twenty-one patients were available for further analysis, including 13 with SMILE alone, 12 with SIL and/or AIS and one with HSIL, AIS and endocervical adenocarcinoma. HPV genotyping was performed using the Seegene Anyplex II HPV 28 assay. Of the 26 samples, a single HPV genotype was identified in the majority of cases (n = 22), including 12/13 SMILEs associated with SIL/AIS. All but one were high-risk HPV genotypes (23/24; 96.8%). We identified seven different HPV genotypes, the most common being HPV16 (n = 10; 43.5%), HPV18 (n = 8, 34.8%) and HPV 31 (n = 5, 21.7%). All SMILEs showed a strong positive reaction to p16, CK7, CK19 and high Ki67 expression comparable to adjacent HSIL and/or AIS if present. SMILE showed variable mucin presence and p40-positive squamous differentiation suggesting phenotypic diversity in cervical precancerous lesions infected by single HPV.
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Reed, Lawrence Ian, Rachel Stratton und Jessica D. Rambeas. „Face Value and Cheap Talk: How Smiles Can Increase or Decrease the Credibility of Our Words“. Evolutionary Psychology 16, Nr. 4 (01.10.2018): 147470491881440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474704918814400.
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How do our facial expressions affect the credibility of our words? We test whether smiles, either uninhibited or inhibited, affect the credibility of a written statement. Participants viewed a confederate partner displaying a neutral expression, non-Duchenne smile, Duchenne smile, or controlled smile, paired with a written statement. Participants then made a behavioral decision based on how credible they perceived the confederate’s statement to be. Compared to a neutral expression, Experiment 1 found that participants were more likely to believe the confederate’s statement when it was paired with a deliberate Duchenne smile and less likely to believe the confederate’s statement when it was paired with a deliberate controlled smile. Experiment 2 replicated these findings with spontaneously emitted expressions. These findings provide evidence that uninhibited facial expressions can increase the credibility accompanying statements, while inhibited ones can decrease credibility.
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Williams, Leanne M., Carl Senior, Anthony S. David, Carmel M. Loughland und Evian Gordon. „In Search of the “Duchenne Smile”: Evidence from Eye Movements“. Journal of Psychophysiology 15, Nr. 2 (April 2001): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0269-8803.15.2.122.
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Abstract Duchenne de Boulogne (1862/1990) observed that authentic smiles are distinguished from posed smiles by contractions of the orbicularis oculi muscle that surrounds the eye. Hager and Ekman (1985) subsequently reported that the “Duchenne smile” is discriminated specifically by contractions at the outer corners of the eyes (“crows feet” wrinkles). Little is known of the visuo-cognitive strategies that underpin perception of the Duchenne smile. We examined ocular dynamics (pattern of eye fixations) as an overt and accessible index of these strategies (Stark & Ellis, 1981). The spatio-temporal fixation indices were number and duration of foveal fixations to the crows feet area relative to the total face area. In line with predictions, subjects (n = 58) made proportionately more fixations of longer duration to the crows feet area for smiling, compared to negative (sad) and baseline (neutral) control expressions. It is suggested that a “hardwired” response may be involved in reference to this particular anatomical marker of the genuine smile. Humans may have evolved to distinguish the Duchenne smile because of its important communicative role.
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De Araújo, Rodolfo José Gomes, Felipe Vilhena Brilhante, Jacy Leite Mattos, Flávia Medeiros Aliverti Alves, Bruna De Fátima Soares Do Nascimento, Jéssica Paysano Peres, Perola Alves De Moraes und Thaís Fernandes Da Silva. „Esthetic crown lengthening: a case report“. Journal of Research in Dentistry 3, Nr. 3 (16.12.2015): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v3e32015678-687.
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The periodontal plastic surgeries have been valued and sought by people who claim they want to correct “gummy smile”, which happens when one has expose more gum than teeth when smiling. There are many causes for the gummy smile, this scientific article covers four cases of altered passive eruption of the teeth with excess keratinized gingiva. The harmonic smile disturbed aesthetic is a discomfort that troubles many people, especially women. Based what has been discussed so far, this paper has as main objective report clinical cases of esthetic periodontal surgeries osteoplasty made by undergraduate students of the dentistry program. Such techniques promote a more adequate dental exposure and create anharmonical smile on the patient. The cirurgical procedures were indicated based on the analysis of the smiles. After the procedures were made, we conclude the techniques used were suitable based on the satisfaction of the patient and that they were easy to execute in order to obtain an aesthetic smile.
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Stewart, Patrick A., Erik P. Bucy und Marc Mehu. „Strengthening bonds and connecting with followers“. Politics and the Life Sciences 34, Nr. 1 (2015): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pls.2015.5.
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The smiles and affiliative expressions of presidential candidates are important for political success, allowing contenders to nonverbally connect with potential supporters and bond with followers. Smiles, however, are not unitary displays; they are multifaceted in composition and signaling intent due to variations in performance. With this in mind, we examine the composition and perception of smiling behavior by Republican presidential candidates during the 2012 preprimary period. In this paper we review literature concerning different smile types and the muscular movements that compose them from a biobehavioral perspective. We then analyze smiles expressed by Republican presidential candidates early in the 2012 primary season by coding facial muscle activity at the microlevel using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) to produce an inventory of politically relevant smile types. To validate the subtle observed differences between smile types, we show viewers a series of short video clips to differentiate displays on the basis of their perceived reassurance, or social signaling. The discussion considers the implications of our findings in relation to political evaluation and communication efficacy.
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Hadi, Lina, Valerin Angelina, Zulfan Muttaqin und Berliana Sihombing. „Perception of The Aesthetics of a Smile in Patients Post Using Orthodonic Treatment Based on Characteristics“. Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports 2, Nr. 2 (25.03.2021): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/amcr.v2i2.491.
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Aesthetics is a philosophy of the concept of beauty which is the reason people takeorthodontic treatment. One of the factors that influence aesthetics is a smile. Apartfrom personal experiences and social environment, the patient's perception of theaesthetics of the smile after orthodontic treatment can be influenced bycharacteristics. This study aims to determine the perception of smile aesthetics inpost-orthodontic patients based on characteristics. This type of research is descriptiveanalytic with cross sectional design. The study population were patients who wererecorded in medical records at the practice of drg. Josep Ginting, Sp. Ort in Pontianak,West Kalimantan Province with a sample size of 30 people. Collecting data bydistributing questionnaires containing nine aesthetic indicators of smiles through theWhatsApp application. Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test. Based onthe results of the study, it was seen that there were differences in the aestheticperceptions of respondents' smiles based on age (p = 0.017), gender (p = 0.004) andeducation (p = 0.015). The conclusion of this study is that there are differences inpatient perceptions of aesthetic smile after orthodontic treatment based on thecharacteristics in the practice of drg. Josep Ginting, drg, Sp. Ort in Pontianak, WestKalimantan.
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Martins, Christine Men, Priscila Bruna Gonçalves Lacerda, Rafael Massunari Maenosono, Anderson Catelan und Victor Eduardo de Souza Batista. „Perception of smile attractiveness by dentistry professionals, dental students and laypeople before and after esthetic procedures“. Research, Society and Development 10, Nr. 3 (23.03.2021): e50010313690. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13690.
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Dentist community needs to understand the esthetic perception of laypeople and correlate the standards of dental esthetics to avoid unnecessary treatment. Thus, the aim was to compare the perception of smile attractiveness before and after performing esthetic dental procedures by general practitioners (GP), periodontists (P), restorative dentistry (RD), undergraduate students (UGrad), and laypeople (L). Two photographs of smile were taken, before (PSB) and after (PSA) the esthetic dental procedures. Photographs were exposed to 5 groups: GP (n = 20), P (n = 20), RD (n = 20), UGrad (n = 60), and L (n = 20). The smiles were evaluated using the visual scale with scores ranging from 1 (unattractive) to 10 (very attractive). Data were statistically evaluated (Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Mann Whitney). The PSA of the esthetic dental procedures was more attractive than PSB (p < 0.05). In PSB, P group presented the lowest values of smile attractiveness scores (p < 0.05). On the other hand, in PSA, RD group attributed lower values (p < 0.05). The perception of smile attractiveness after performing dental procedures was higher than before, and P and RD were more critical in evaluating the smiles before and after treatment, respectively.
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Hadi, Lina, Valerin Angelina, Zulfan Muttaqin und Berliana Sihombing. „Perception of The Aesthetics of a Smile in Patients Post Using Orthodonic Treatment Based on Characteristics“. Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports 2, Nr. 1 (25.03.2021): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/amcr.v2i1.29.
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Aesthetics is a philosophy of the concept of beauty which is the reason people takeorthodontic treatment. One of the factors that influence aesthetics is a smile. Apartfrom personal experiences and social environment, the patient's perception of theaesthetics of the smile after orthodontic treatment can be influenced bycharacteristics. This study aims to determine the perception of smile aesthetics inpost-orthodontic patients based on characteristics. This type of research is descriptiveanalytic with cross sectional design. The study population were patients who wererecorded in medical records at the practice of drg. Josep Ginting, Sp. Ort in Pontianak,West Kalimantan Province with a sample size of 30 people. Collecting data bydistributing questionnaires containing nine aesthetic indicators of smiles through theWhatsApp application. Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test. Based onthe results of the study, it was seen that there were differences in the aestheticperceptions of respondents' smiles based on age (p = 0.017), gender (p = 0.004) andeducation (p = 0.015). The conclusion of this study is that there are differences inpatient perceptions of aesthetic smile after orthodontic treatment based on thecharacteristics in the practice of drg. Josep Ginting, drg, Sp. Ort in Pontianak, WestKalimantan.
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Arapova, Maria A. „A cross-cultural study of the smile in the Russian- and English-speaking world“. Journal of Language and Cultural Education 4, Nr. 2 (01.05.2016): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jolace-2016-0016.
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Abstract Although the smile is a universal facial expression, the use of smiles in communication varies across cultures. This may lead to misunderstandings and miscommunication. Both Americans and Europeans experience the same frustration and communication failure when they do not find smiling faces in Russia. At the same time, it is common for Russian people to perceive the smiles of Westerners as artificial and insincere. What is the reason for such a difference in perception? Why don’t Russians smile in some situations? The study of the use of the smile as a non-verbal sign in a few chosen communicative contexts across Russian, European and American cultures showed the difference in its meaning and distribution according to the cultural tradition. The reason could stem from the difference of Russia’s history when compared to that of Western Europe, as well as in the specific restrictions in Russian Orthodox Christianity and the traditions of laughter in Russia. All the meanings and specific cases of distribution are clearly retained and expressed in the languages. If we compare the Russian улыбка and улыбаться with the English smile, we can see both common and distinctive semantic elements and different connotations.
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Grover, Amrita, und Pankajz Madhukar. „Analysis of the Esthetic Components of Smile in a Section of North Indian Population“. International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 7, Nr. 2 (2017): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1175.
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ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the existence of different esthetic smile criteria in a section of North Indian population. Materials and methods A total of 100 students from Manav Rachna International University were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Two photographs were taken (smiling face and smile) using Digital Single Lens Reflex camera. The statistical analyses used were descriptive statistical tests and Spearman correlation after the images were analyzed using Digimizer image analysis software for different esthetic smile criteria. Results The coincidence of the facial midline with the arch midline occurred in more than half of the students. Most of the subjects presented parallelism between the incisal plane and the interpupillary line. Mostly parallel or straight smiles were also most commonly observed and the gingival display and the amount of gingival display were relatively less observed. Conclusion There exists a relationship between facial midline, interpupillary line, smile arc, gingival display, and facial esthetics. Clinical significance This article describes the existence of different esthetic smile criteria in enhancing the facial esthetics for a pleasing smile. How to cite this article Grover A, Dhawan P, Tandan P, Madhukar P. Analysis of the Esthetic Components of Smile in a Section of North Indian Population. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(2):43-47.
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Janošević, Predrag, Mirjana Janošević, Tatjana Perović, Branislava Stojković und Simona Stojanović. „Assessment of smile esthetics and various types of face profiles“. Acta stomatologica Naissi 36, Nr. 81 (2020): 1957–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/asn2081957j.
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Background: Imperfect smile and face profile is one of the main reasons why patients turn to orthodontists. Aim was to investigate if there is a difference in perception of smile and profile esthetics between the examined groups. Subjects and method: In conducted research, smiles of 21 persons (8 male and 13 female), 18 to 30 years old were evaluated by 15 orthodontists, 15 students of dentistry and 15 laypeople. They were to rate esthetics of every smile from 1 to 9 and choose just one main reason that impairs aesthetics. Orthodontists and laypeople should also evaluate male and female normal, bimaxillary prognathic and bimaxillary retrognathic profiles from 1 to 3. The most beautiful profile should be marked with number 3. Results: Although there was no statistically significant difference in the evaluation of smile esthetics among groups, laypeople gave the lowest evaluation. Apart from irregular position of certain teeth, all investigated groups emphasized different factors that impair smile esthetics. Orthodontists and laypeople marked bimaxillary prognathic male and female profile as less beautiful than the others. Conclusion: Because of the differences in perception of the smile aesthetics between orthodontists and laypeople, it is necessary to create a new diagnostic plan of treatment protocols that includes studies investigating laypeople perception of smile and facial esthetics.
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Akyalcin, Sercan, Leslie K. Frels, Jeryl D. English und Stephen Laman. „Analysis of smile esthetics in American Board of Orthodontic patients“. Angle Orthodontist 84, Nr. 3 (25.10.2013): 486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/072813-562.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the common denominators of an esthetically pleasing smile in patients who were considered to be successfully treated upon the submission to American Board Orthodontics (ABO) clinical examination. Material and Methods: A total of 462 patients were examined. Ninety subjects that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. Standardized digital smile photographs of the subjects were rated by 30 panel members, including orthodontists, general dentists, and parents of orthodontic patients, using a numeric version of the visual analog scale. Three groups were formed using the mean esthetic score ± standard deviation range: unattractive (n = 21), average (n = 47), and attractive (n = 22) smiles. Eleven smile characteristics were digitally measured on the photographs and compared between the groups using one-way analysis of variance and χ2 tests. Additionally, regression analyses were used to investigate the association of the smile characteristics with the esthetic score. Results: A significant difference was found between the three groups for the comparison of smile arc relationship (P < .001). When all the variables used in this study were entered in the regression analysis, a positive association was found (r = 0.658; r2 = 0.434; P < .001). Additionally, two models were defined using stepwise regression. The first model included the smile arc (r = 0.478; r2 = 0.228; P < .001), and the second model had both the smile arc and right gingival display/visible dentition display ratio (r = 0.567; r2 = 0.321; P < .001). Conclusions: A harmonious smile arc relationship and less gingival display during a smile are significantly associated with smile attractiveness in patients considered successfully treated according to ABO standards.
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Nurfitrah, Astriana, C. Christnawati und Ananto Ali Alhasyimi. „Comparison of esthetic smile perceptions among male and female Indonesian dental students relating to the buccal corridors of a smile“. Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 50, Nr. 3 (21.02.2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v50.i3.p127-130.
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Background: A smile constitutes a form of measurement as to whether or not an orthodontic treatment has proved successful. A smile is said to be ideal if a balance exists between the shape of the face and teeth. One benchmark used to assess the quality of an ideal smile is that of buccal corridors. These are formed of the black space between the lateral edge of maxillary posterior teeth and the corner of the lip which appears during the action of smiling. Evaluating the contrasting perceptions of male and female smiles based on buccal corridor aspects is considered important to identifying the specific qualities an ideal smile. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between the perceptions of an ideal smile held by Indonesian dental students of both genders based on buccal corridors. Methods: A total of 36 dental students, equally divided between male and female students and ranging in age from 18-21 years old, were enrolled in this study. The smiles of all subjects were photographed from the front for later assessment by the subjects themselves. Assessment was undertaken twice, with a two-week interval between the first and second, by comparing subjects’ photographs with reference pictures of buccal corridors. Data gathered were analyzed by using kappa-statistic and U-Mann Whitney. Results: The results indicated that all the subjects showed a good level of coincidence in their analysis (κ=0.76). Statistical analysis showed that the score of 0.123 (p>0.05) was shown in U-Mann Whitney. Conclusion: Indonesian male and female dental students have the same perception of an aesthetic smile with regard to its buccal corridor.
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Basnet, Bishal Babu. „A Comparison of Facial Proportions in Pleasing and Unpleasing Smile Photographs from Nepalese Population“. Journal of Nepalese Prosthodontic Society 2, Nr. 1 (24.12.2019): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnprossoc.v2i1.26829.
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Introduction: Facial proportion and dental proportions are matters of interest for dental professionals to craft a beautiful smile. In facial analyses, the role of different proportions cannot be overlooked when planning dento facial treatment. This study aims to determine the different facial proportions; smile index, lower smile index, nose width to outer inter commissural width, intercanine width to outerinter commissural width, nose width to intercanine width and outer intercommissural width to lower facial height in esthetically pleasing smile (ES) and esthetically unpleasing smile (US) groups.
Materials and methods: The frontal smiling photographs (N=152, 74 pleasing and 78 unpleasing smile) were gathered and different linear measurements were carried out using digital ruler. The facial proportions were derived and comparisons were made amongst groups and differences were examined in comparison to standard accepted proportion (such as Golden proportion).
Results: Average smile index of ES (5.899±1.201) was lower than that of US group (6.421±1.675).The golden proportion was not valid for smile indices in each group. Mean nose width to intercanine width ratio significantly differed in ES and US. The outer inter commissural width to lower facial height was not statistically significantly different from 1:1 ratio.
Conclusion: Most facial proportions in pleasing and unpleasing smiles showed no difference. The outer intercommissural width to lower facial height was found in 1:1 proportion current study with possible utilization in determining vertical dimension of occlusion.
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Lichi A Solanki, Harish Babu, Nivethigaa B und Navaneethan R. „Prevalence of Gummy Smiles in Leptoprosopic Patients and Various Treatment Modalities Employed in South Indian Population“. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (14.10.2020): 1359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3414.
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Patients with a vertical growth pattern have a tendency for a long face and gummy smile due to the clockwise rotation of the mandible and ensuing divergence of maxillary bases. A patient can be said to have a gummy smile when there is gingival exposure of 3mm or more while smiling. A gummy smile is unaesthetic and warrants correction. The common treatment modalities employed for correction are dental intrusion and surgery. The study aimed to determine the number of patients with leptoprosopic facial patterns having gummy smiles and the various treatments for its correction. The objective of this study was to determine whether all leptoprosopic patients have a tendency towards gummy smiles and the treatment plan most commonly used for its correction. Records from the Department of Orthodontics were retrieved and searched for the patients with leptoprosopic facial type. Only 42 patient records were eligible according to the selection criteria of which (n=22) were females and (n= 20) were males. Selection criteria included patients who had a long face with facial index between 90-94%, on cephalometric evaluation female patients with upper dental facial height >27.4+/-1.7 mm and male patients >30.5+/-2.1. The results showed that the patients with leptoprosopic facial patterns had a tendency towards gummy smiles and the treatment plan most commonly used for its correction in the Department of Orthodontics in Saveetha dental college was skeletal intrusion using dental mini implants and IZC. Other treatment modalities included Le-Fort Superior Impaction of maxilla in severe cases. Association between gender the various treatments employed for gummy smile correction was statistically insignificant. (p>0.05). We can conclude that gummy smile and facial patterns have a positive correlation.
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AlQarni, Mohammed Ali, Raid A. Almnea, Waleed S. Asiri, Khalid D. Alhendi und Nabeeh A. AlQahtani. „Evaluation of Smile Line in Relation to Age among Saudi Population in Asser Region“. World Journal of Dentistry 5, Nr. 3 (2014): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1279.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Dentofacial appeal and smile are vital to a person's psychosocial well-being. The 'smile line’ is commonly used as a parameter to evaluate and categorize a person's smile. This study was undertaken to determine the parameters for an objective evaluation of smiles and to assess the prevalence of various smile determining parameters in relation to age among Saudi population in Asser region. Materials and methods A cross-sectional survey was designed. A total of 162 study samples participated in the study. A pre-designed proforma was used to evaluate malocclusion which consisted—demographic details, smile line, gingival line, incisal line, lower lip to incisal line, buccal corridor, facial midline and dental midline, shade for upper central incisors and shade for upper lateral incisors. Results The mean age of study participants were 27.07 ± 9.76 years. Majority of the participant, i.e. 52%, had average smile line and 9.3% had very high smile line. 64.8% of the study participants had normal gingival line. Only 2.5% had over, incisal line whereas 77.2 had normal incisal line. Majority (88.3%) of the participants had normal lower lip to incisal line. 44.4% had small buccal corridor. Conclusion There is scientific evidence that a certain smile line/tooth arrangement is the most common parameter which can be applied for treatment planning purposes. These results underline the importance of the smile line when restoring a patient's intraoral harmony. The clinician should aim for these parameters for an esthetic and functional balance. How to cite this article AlQarni MA, Almnea RA, Asiri WS, Alhendi KD, AlQahtani NA. Evaluation of Smile Line in Relation to Age among Saudi Population in Asser Region. World J Dent 2014;5(3):157-161.
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Tonetto, Mateus Rodrigues, Shelon Cristina Souza Pinto, Matheus Coelho Bandeca, Suellen Nogueira Linares Lima, Cristian Higashi, Elize Bonafé, Gibson Luiz Pilatti und Fábio André Santos. „Crown Lengthening as Treatment for Altered Passive Eruption: Review and Case Report“. World Journal of Dentistry 6, Nr. 3 (2015): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1338.
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ABSTRACT This case report relates a patient with altered passive eruption (APE) treated with surgical crown lengthening. There is a strong association between smile esthetics and periodontal tissues. ‘Gummy smile’ constitutes a relatively frequent esthetic disadvantage characterized by excessive display of the gums during upper lip smiling. One situation that can lead to gummy smile is APE. There are many important diagnostic factors connected with APE. These include making a correct diagnosis; considering facial and oral features before considering the most appropriate periodontal treatment. A 21-year-old female patient presented to the dental clinic expressing to be discontent with her smile, due to the display of gingiva when she smiles. Before choosing the adequate treatment, esthetics and periodontal factors were analyzed. In the present case report, surgical crown lengthening was the treatment chosen. Through a correct diagnosis and technique, it was possible to obtain harmony in the smile. Crown-lengthening surgery is an important choice of treatment, because it is a less invasive technique and it permits the establishment of an esthetical smile. How to cite this article Pinto SCS, Higashi C, Bonafé E, Pilatti GL, Santos FA, Tonetto MR, Lima SNL, Bandéca MC. Crown Lengthening as Treatment for Altered Passive Eruption: Review and Case Report. World J Dent 2015;6(3):178-183.
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Lemos, Thiago Correia Barbosa, Juliana de Brito Vasconcelos, Bianca Mota dos Santos und Andre Wilson Machado. „Influence of maxillary canine torque variations on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons“. Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 24, Nr. 1 (Februar 2019): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.24.1.053-061.oar.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons with respect to unilateral maxillary canine torque variations in a frontal smile analysis. Methods: Full face and close-up smile photographs of two subjects (1 man and 1 woman) were used. Both smiles displayed healthy maxillary anterior dentitions. The images were digitally altered to obtain a bilateral 0° torque in the maxillary canines. From this image, unilateral variations of the left canine were made with -15°, -10°, -5°, 0°, +5°, +10° and +15°. Final images were randomly assembled into an album that was given to 53 orthodontists and 53 laypersons. Each rater was asked to evaluate the attractiveness of the images using visual analog scales. Data collected were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post-hoc test and the unpaired Student t test. Results: For orthodontists, most attractive smiles were those with 0°, -5° and -10°. For laypersons, most attractive smiles were those with 0°, -5°, -10°, -15° and + 5°. For both groups, the lowest scores were given for the smiles with +10° and +15° torque. When comparing the perceptions of the orthodontists and laypersons, they did not show statistical differences in most situations. Moreover, in general, there was no significant difference between the full-face and close-up assessments of the smiles. Conclusions: The present findings indicated that smiles with unilateral palatal (negative values) maxillary canine torque variations were more tolerated than smiles with buccal crown torque (positive values) variations.
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Trisnawaty, Nety. „BUCCAL CORRIDOR YANG LEBIH MENARIK PADA ESTETIK SENYUM“. ODONTO : Dental Journal 4, Nr. 1 (09.08.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.4.1.1-6.
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Background: The objectives of orthodontic treatment are not only to obtain functional occlusion but also to improve facial and dental aesthetics. Three aspects of smile aesthetics have recently received great attention: the amount of gingival display, the presence of the smile arc, and buccal corridor spaces.The purpose of this study was to evaluation that the amount of buccal corridor on smile esthetics of dentists and dental students.Method: The population and subjects this study were dentists and dentalstudents of dental school from Faculty of Dentistry University Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama). Using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), dentists and dental students rated the attractiveness of six smiles with altered buccal corridors.Result: There was no significant different in judging the effect of buccal corridors on the smile attractiveness between dentists and dental students.Conclusion: Both the dentists and dental students preferred medium sizes of buccal corridor (buccal corridor 15%).
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Vrugt, Anneke, und Carolijn Vet. „Effects of a Smile on Mood and Helping Behavior“. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 37, Nr. 9 (01.10.2009): 1251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2009.37.9.1251.
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In this study 480 native Dutch passers-by (240 men and 240 women) were approached with a request to participate in an investigation. The request was made by either a female or male experimenter wearing either a smile or a neutral expression. Results showed that a smiling experimenter elicited a smile from participants more often than when a neutral expression was displayed. Furthermore, there was a distinct correlation between a participant's smiling and his/her willingness to help, and a smile from a male experimenter was more likely to elicit helpfulness than from a female experimenter. Participants who agreed to help also answered a few written questions. These results showed that participants who received a smile from an experimenter were in a more positive mood than those who were approached by an experimenter wearing a neutral expression. It was also found that women smiled more often than men.
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Mate, Payal Padmakar, Kumar Nilesh, Anand Joshi und Arun Panda. „Clinical and electromyographic evaluation of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of gummy smile: A prospective clinical study“. Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 15, Nr. 2 (05.05.2021): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/joddd.2021.021.
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Background. The present study aimed to assess the effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) for the management of gummy smile and evaluate its stability after administrating BTX-A clinically and using electromyography. Methods. The investigators designed and implemented a prospective clinical study on 10 patients with a gummy smile. Patients with different types of gummy smile were injected with BTX-A in the levator muscles of the upper lip and were followed for six months. The effect of BTX-A was evaluated clinically and using electromyography preoperatively and after two weeks and three and six months. Statistical analyses were carried out using repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni tests for pairwise comparisons. Results. The sample consisted of 10 patients with an anterior gummy smile (n=3), posterior gummy smile (n=2), mixed gummy smile (n=3), and asymmetrical gummy smile (n=2). There were significant differences (P<0.001) between the mean gingival display and compound muscle action potential at two-weeks and three-month follow-ups. The maximum result was obtained at the two-week interval. The mean gingival display and C-MAP values increased slightly at the three-month postoperative interval and gradually increased to the baseline values at six-month follow-up. Conclusion. BTX-A is an effective, minimally invasive, and temporary treatment modality for gummy smiles. The electromyographic study is a convenient method for assessing changes in the upper lip muscle contractility to quantify the effect of BTX-A in the treatment of gummy smile.
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Borges, Ana Carolina Guimarães, Mayra Reis Seixas und Andre Wilson Machado. „Influence of different width/height ratio of maxillary anterior teeth in the attractiveness of gingival smiles“. Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 17, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2012): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512012000500016.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, among laypersons and orthodontists, the influence of the width/height proportions of upper anterior teeth on the smile attractiveness, in photographs of close up smile from three adult Caucasian women, with 4 mm of gingival exposure. METHODS: The photographs of close up smiles were digitally manipulated and six images were created from each smile with teeth's width/height proportions in 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% and 90%. Then, all these images were manipulated again and a black mask covering all teeth from the lower arch was created. The figures were then assessed by 60 evaluators, 30 orthodontists and 30 laypersons, who assigned, in a visual analog scale, the level of attractiveness of each image. RESULTS: The obtained results, in general, showed that the proportions of 75%, 80% and 85% received the highest scores while the proportion of 65% received the lowest scores, for both groups of examiners (p < 0.05). When orthodontists and laypersons were compared, it was not found, in most situations, a significant statistical difference between their assessments (p > 0.05). Yet, the comparison between scores assigned to smiles with and without inferior teeth showed that, for all situations, there was no statistically significant difference between them (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: For patients with gingival smile, the width/height proportions of upper anterior teeth considered more esthetic were the ones of 75%,80% and 85% for laypersons and orthodontists, and the presence or absence of inferior teeth did not affect the attractiveness level of the assessed smiles.
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Lehmuskallio, Asko. „More Grimaces, Fewer Smiles: Notes on The Thin Line Between The Smile and Grimace in Photographic Depictions“. Grimace, Vol. 2, no. 1 (2017): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m2.064.art.
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Grimaces are important facial expressions used in situated interactions for questioning social hierarchies and power relations. They counter the warmth of the smile and its invitation for shared foci of attention. In the photographs that surround us, the grimace is seldom to be found, whereas the smile is an almost ubiquitous expression in depictions in our “facial societies” (Macho, 2011). Interestingly, the need for depicted smiles provides us increasingly with images that depict not only smiles but, ever more, “as if” versions of smiles, facial expressions that we can identify with Goffman as “teeth grimaces”. While teeth grimaces reveal some aspects of how smiles are produced for depiction for our facial societies, the paper further suggests that we need more grimaces and fewer smiles in order to remember how social hierarchies and power relations, far from being abstract phenomena, must be constantly renegotiated in situated interactions. Keywords: communication, face, grimace, social interaction and the grimace, symbolic power and the grimace
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Batra, Puneet, und Rohit Karkun. „Does the current generation’s smile esthetics hinge on social media and cosmetic makeover? A questionnaire-based study“. Journal of Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 8, Nr. 2 (15.06.2022): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jooo.2022.016.
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: Smile esthetics for today’s generation is an absolute necessity. It has been etched in people’s minds to present their best selves to gain acceptance from their peers. Social media with its filter/lens feature, photo editing options, and circulation of idealized celebrity photos have left a deep scar on the self-image of people. This has made individuals resort to cosmetic makeovers as a coping mechanism. 2 previously validated questionnaires were used. Specific items from both questionnaires were taken up which would fit the questionnaire while maintaining its essence. The final questionnaire was divided into 2 domains to understand the influence of social media and smile makeover individually. It comprised of 10 questions which were circulated via google form. 100 responses were received for the circulated questionnaire. For the social media domain, majority did not compare their smiles with that of others; were not very confident when it came to showing their smile on social media; often noticed the smile of others; and felt they had a good smile of their own. There was an even distribution when asked if they were conscious of their smile. For the cosmetic makeover domain, majority didn’t feel the need to get cosmetic procedures and were not influenced by social media into getting one.Results showed social media to have a big influence on improving smile esthetics. However, the same cannot be said for the desire of getting a cosmetic makeover as the majority didn’t feel the need for it.
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Bissenbakker, Mons. „Smil! Melankoli og glædeskrav i Chaplins Smile“. Kvinder, Køn & Forskning, Nr. 4 (21.02.2018): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kkf.v26i4.110558.
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Setare Kazemifard, Hoori Mirmohamad sadeghi, Reza Tabrizi und Mehrdad Ehghaghi. „Effect of the gummy smile on facial attractiveness“. Open Access Research Journal of Biology and Pharmacy 5, Nr. 1 (30.06.2022): 031–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjbp.2022.5.1.0048.
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A gummy smile is considered a disorder which will lead to immoderate gingival display, and most people are esthetically unaccepted. Many etiologies are linked to a gummy smile, including immoderate maxillary development, delayed passive eruption of teeth, over eruption of teeth, and hyperactive muscles of the upper lip. Various management strategies are present for corrections of gummy smiles. The dentist should decide which is better based on the etiology of the condition and the need of the patient.
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Aoun, Mabel, Ghassan Sleilaty, Leony Antoun, Racha Dib und Dania Chelala. „Duchenne Smile is Associated with Quality of Life and Survival in Hemodialysis Patients“. American Journal of Health Behavior 44, Nr. 3 (01.05.2020): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.44.3.4.
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Objectives: Hemodialysis is the most used renal replacement modality for end-stage renal disease patients. Dialysis patients are usually assessed for quality of life (QoL) but smiling was never studied. Duchenne smile is a genuine expression of joy, associated with better survival in some groups of the general population. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether the smile of dialysis patients can predict their QoL and mortality. Methods: All hemodialysis patients in Saint-George Hospital were included in this prospective study. Patients were interviewed using the Health-Related QoL questionnaire and followed for 10 days for smile screening. Those who smiled more than 34% of time were considered as smiling, then followed for death over 2 years. Results: Overall, 71 patients were studied. Duchenne smile was associated with death at 1 and 2 years (HR = 0.194 [95% CI 0.039-0.958], p = .044) but not with sex or diabetes. Smiling showed a statistically significant correlation with older age, fewer hospitalizations, vitality, physical component score, several QoL scores and general health. Conclusions: A simple observation of patients' Duchenne smile by nephrologists in hemodialysis units can give an idea about their QoL and 2-year survival.
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Batwa, Waeil. „The Influence of the Smile on the Perceived Facial Type Esthetics“. BioMed Research International 2018 (09.07.2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3562916.
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Objective. The objective of this study was to determine if the smile would influence the facial types esthetics perception for dentists, specialists, and laypeople. The null hypotheses for this study were that the smile has no effect on the perceived facial esthetics of different facial types. Materials and Method. A photograph of an attractive female face with an attractive smile was captured and manipulated using computer software, which was used to produce changes in the smile and facial type of the female face. Two sets of photographs were developed. The first set is composed of three photos showing mesofacial, dolichofacial, and brachyfacial faces; on these photos the smiles were masked intentionally. On the second set, the smile was revealed in the three face types (mesofacial, dolichofacial, and brachyfacial faces); this results in three smiling photos, where each showed a facial type with the same smile. These photos (6 photos in total) were rated by the participants; two hundred participants were recruited, 50 general dentists, 50 specialist dentists, and 100 laypeople. Results. The three groups (dentists, specialists, and laypeople) rated the mesofacial face as the highest (p value < 0.01) (64.48, 76.12, and 60.68, respectively), the mesofacial face was the only face that showed a significant difference between the three groups ratings (p value<0.01), and this significant difference disappeared when we compared the smiling photos for the mesofacial face (p value>0.01). Conclusion. Mesofacial face is considered to be the most attractive face in comparison to dolichofacial and brachyfacial faces. Facial type should not be looked at separately from the smile as the smile might influence the esthetics perception of the facial type.