Dissertationen zum Thema „Social Work|Health Sciences, Nursing|Gender Studies“

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of individuals who self-identified as trans gender or gender variant on gender identity and mental health care. The study sought to uncover the effectiveness and preparedness of mental health professionals in addressing issues of gender identity, through participants' experiences.

Fifteen individuals who identified variously on the transgender spectrum participated in the study. Results suggest that mental health professionals are generally unprepared and inexperienced in addressing transgender issues. Participants pointed to trans gender support groups and LGBT organizations as the most helpful services. Implications show the need for mental health professionals to seek out education on the trans gender community, and to assist clients in exploring alternative identities that transcend the gender binary. Additional research that focuses on mental health disparities among the trans gender population is also an implication emerging from this study.

In contemporary American society, the nursing profession is predominantly made up of white women. Currently, males make up only 6.8 percent of the three million nursing professionals in the U.S. and they are considered gender minorities within the nursing profession and within nursing education. As gender minorities, male students are identified as experiencing nursing programs and the practice of nursing differently than their female counterparts.

The purpose of this single instrumental, within site case study was to explore the learning environment for male nursing students and to investigate the nature of the interactions between nursing faculty and male undergraduate students in a Pacific Northwest medical university nursing program. Data was collected in the educational setting through observations, participant interviews, and document analysis. In addition, this study used Kanter's theoretical framework of tokenism to uncover if male nursing students were perceived as tokens in the educational environment. The findings showed that the faculty-student interactions were largely positive; they also revealed that having other males in the class was an instrumental factor in their positive perception of their educational experience. However, the male nursing students also identified areas of discomfort in the educational setting, specifically when practicing clinical skills with female peers, feeling pressured to volunteer and to expose skin during in-class demonstrations, and anticipating that they would be excluded from certain clinical situations. This research indicated that gender differences are present within nursing education and contributed to instances of discomfort for male students. Specific barriers occurred most often when men engaged with female peers and were in clinical settings. These findings provide new insight into when and where men begin to experience gender barriers in the educational environment and are pertinent to understanding the educational environment for men in nursing. Recommendations specifically geared towards assisting students in their first term are suggested for nursing faculty and administrators to ensure that the learning environment is welcoming for men. These recommendations include consciously placing males together in cohort groups and in clinical experiences, reducing instances of visibility and pressure on men in the clinical setting, building faculty awareness of perceived and real barriers for men in the educational setting, and providing faculty with tools to assess and address barriers that are present in the classroom environment.

The purpose of this study was to explore the association between adolescent characteristics, community factors and mental health. This was achieved by completing a quantitative study analyzing secondary data obtained from a mental health agency in Orange County, California, and an online database, City-Data.com. The results rendered a statistically significant relationship between age and those who had the presenting problem of depression, relational problems, and poor coping. A statistically significant relationship between females and poor coping was also revealed. The most interesting finding, however, was the statistically significant relationship between presenting problems in relation to their community factors. Both poverty levels and educational attainment less than high school among the residents in the communities where these adolescents live were associated with depression and relational problems. The findings of this study are beneficial in identifyirig the need for further research regarding the relationship between educational attainment and mental health.

As African American (AA) breast cancer survivors live longer with the disease, much attention should be directed to quality of life and factors influencing it. An understanding of survivors' belief that God controls their health and their social support needs is necessary as an effort to develop health care services and programs that are culturally sensitive. This study was the first to explore the association between an individual's belief that God controls their health, social support and quality of life among AA breast cancer survivors. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social support, God Locus of Health Control (GLHC) and quality of life (QoL) among the survivors residing in Illinois. This study's alternative hypotheses predicted after controlling for age, location of residence, marital status, and time since diagnosis, social support and GLHC, combined and individually, would positively correlate to QoL for AA breast cancer survivors.

The study used a descriptive, correlational and quantitative design by testing the variables using hierarchical multiple regression and Pearson correlation. A convenience sample of 92 AA women was recruited from a community hospital, a Federally Qualified Health Centers, a beauty shop, two support groups, a member association that advocates for health care disparities, and local newspapers. Quantitative measures included Social Support Questionnaire (Northouse, 1988), GLHC scale (Wallston et al., 1999), Quality of Life Index - Cancer Version III (QLI - CV III) (Ferrans, 1990), and Demographic Characteristics form created by researcher.

Results concluded QoL was not affected by social support and GLHC, combined, and GLHC, individually. However, social support was a predictor of QoL. Statistically significant relationships were found between social support, QoL and its domains: a) health and functioning subscale, b) social and economic subscale, c) psychological/spiritual subscale and d) family subscale. Statistically significant relationships were not found between GLHC and QoL and its domains. The mean score for social support and GLHC scales were low compared to prior study results. The QLI - CV III mean score was moderately high compared to other study results.

Additional findings concluded women residing in the suburb had statistically significant higher mean QoL than those living in the rural or urban areas of Illinois. Also, married women in this sample had a higher mean QoL than unmarried women. Although AA breast cancer survivors' QoL was not increased by their belief that God controlled their health and the mean social support score was low, the study results provided valuable information for future research and the development of social support programs that are culturally sensitive.

Lúcia Timóteo: ana.l.timoteo@gmail.com Natalia Matuszak: natalia.matuszak@gmail.com Vaiva Indilaitė: vaivaindilaite@yahoo.com

Detta är en kvalitativ studie vars syfte är att undersöka hur genus ger sig uttryck i ledarskap hos enhetschefer inom socialt arbete. Den frågeställning som vi har valt att undersöka är hur kvinnliga och manliga enhetschefer inom socialt arbete ser på sitt ledarskap. Vi har undersökt hur manliga och kvinnliga enhetschefer beskriver sitt ledarskap, sina ledaregenskaper samt hur de beskriver andras egenskaper. Vi har valt att definiera genus, kön, ledarskap, maskulint, och feminint då dessa begrepp innehåller många tolkningar. Studiens resultat bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med manliga och kvinnliga enhetschefer inom socialt arbete. Vi anser att det är viktigt att beskriva hur genus ger sig uttryck i ledarskapet eftersom mannen oftast ses som norm vid ledarskap, dock så är socialt arbete sedan år tillbaka förknippat som ett kvinnoyrke. Något som vi har funnit i samband med denna c-uppsats är att informanterna ofta beskrev andra som typiskt manliga eller kvinnliga, men att de inte själva beskrev sig efter samma normer.Nyckelord: Ledarskap,Detta är en kvalitativ studie vars syfte är att undersöka hur genus ger sig uttryck i ledarskap hos enhetschefer inom socialt arbete. Den frågeställning som vi har valt att undersöka är hur kvinnliga och manliga enhetschefer inom socialt arbete ser på sitt ledarskap. Vi har undersökt hur manliga och kvinnliga enhetschefer beskriver sitt ledarskap, sina ledaregenskaper samt hur de beskriver andras egenskaper. Vi har valt att definiera genus, kön, ledarskap, maskulint, och feminint då dessa begrepp innehåller många tolkningar. Studiens resultat bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med manliga och kvinnliga enhetschefer inom socialt arbete. Vi anser att det är viktigt att beskriva hur genus ger sig uttryck i ledarskapet eftersom mannen oftast ses som norm vid ledarskap, dock så är socialt arbete sedan år tillbaka förknippat som ett kvinnoyrke. Något som vi har funnit i samband med denna c-uppsats är att informanterna ofta beskrev andra som typiskt manliga eller kvinnliga, men att de inte själva beskrev sig efter samma normer.

This is a qualitative study aimed to examine how gender is expressed in leadership. The question which we have chosen to examine is how the male and female managers in social work looks at their leadership. We have investigated how male and female manager describes their leadership, their leadership skills and how they describe other people's qualityfications. We have chosen to define the words gender, sex, leadership, masculine and feminine. These words contain many interpretations. Results of the study are based on qualitative interviews with male and female managers in social work. We believe it is important to describe how gender expresses in leadership, as the male most often is seen as the norm for leadership, however, social work has since several decades been associated to females. Something we have found in this study is that the informant often describes that other leaders often posses typical male and female traits, but that they themselves don’t apply this description onto themselves.Keywords: Leadership, Gender, male, fThis is a qualitative study aimed to examine how gender is expressed in leadership. The question which we have chosen to examine is how the male and female managers in social work looks at their leadership. We have investigated how male and female manager describes their leadership, their leadership skills and how they describe other people's qualityfications. We have chosen to define the words gender, sex, leadership, masculine and feminine. These words contain many interpretations. Results of the study are based on qualitative interviews with male and female managers in social work. We believe it is important to describe how gender expresses in leadership, as the male most often is seen as the norm for leadership, however, social work has since several decades been associated to females. Something we have found in this study is that the informant often describes that other leaders often posses typical male and female traits, but that they themselves don’t apply this description onto themselves.

De delarbeten som ingår i avhandlingen visas inte elektroniskt eftersom de är inskickade till tidskrift, men ännu inte publicerats. 

The purpose of this degree project is to study a work evaluation project in a municipality, on the basis of key participants. The municipality is the employer, per-forming the workplace project and the chief objective is to reach gender equality between the employees. Equal pay for equal work. Through work evaluation is it pos-sible to find out which of a lot of different jobs, which have equal requirements. The jobs, which have equal requirements, should have equal pay.

According to Swedish law, all employers need to analyse and survey their salary/wage distribution, to identify and remedy sexual discrimination concerning that area. One way to do that is to do a work evaluation and to study the result. Studying the result was what the municipality was doing, when got in contact with it. My focus is to find out what the central issues, problems and hinders are, or can occur when an employer is trying to follow the law.

This study is based on qualitative research. The empirical material (interviews and ob-servations) from key participants, who took part in the project in the municipality, is presented through excerpts. They speak about different problems and other aspects they have experienced during the work process with the result from the evaluation project. The material is then analysed in the light of different theories. The theories treat areas as gender and organisation.

For example is not al of the involved unions of the same opinion about the project. Money is one aspect that the key persons talk about and the circumstances around how to reach the goals of the project is another subject. The result of the study has shown that it could be useful within the project to have greater concern about the system of gender and to stronger point out the gains of ex-tended gender equality. Thou a lot of money are needed if equal pay for equal work should be reached, the gain in efficiency from the employed might compensate that.