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Thematische Bibliographien / Spallings / Zeitschriftenartikel

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Spallings“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 29. Juli 2025

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1

Lee, Chang Soon, In Shik Cho, Young Shik Pyoun, and In Gyu Park. "Study of Inner Micro Cracks on Rolling Contact Fatigue of Bearing Steels Using Ultrasonic Nano-Crystalline Surface Modification." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.979.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of ultrasonic nano-crystalline surface modification (UNSM) treatment on rolling contact fatigue (RCF) characteristics of bearing steels. It was found that severe plastic deformation occurred at surface by over 100 µm after UNSM treatment. The micro surface hardness was increased by 18%, and the measured compressive residual stress was as high as -700~-900MPa. The polymet RCF-2 roller type RCF test showed over 2 times longer fatigue lifetime after UNSM treatment under Hertzian contact stress of 425.2kg/mm2 and 8,000 rpm. And SEM study showed a

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Ai, Alan Xiaolan, and Herbert S. Cheng. "Numerical Simulation of Elastohydrodynamically Lubricated Contacts With Rough Surfaces." Applied Mechanics Reviews 47, no. 6S (1994): S221—S227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3124411.

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Transient numerical analysis to elastohydrodynamically lubricated point contacts with rough surfaces is described. The numerical simulation is based on the multigrid method. Three types of surface roughness: single dent or bump, oblique waviness and random roughness are reviewed. Under heavily loaded conditions, results reveal a strong domination of Couette flow (convective flow). The presence of sliding greatly increases pressure fluctuation and as a consequence may lead to surface-initiated spallings. For obliquely orientated roughness, lubricant flow intends to deform the ridges and create

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Hu, Pan, Haitao Wang, Guiyun Tian, Zeyu Dong, Fasheng Qiu, and Billie F. Spencer. "Wireless Localization of Spallings in Switch-Rails With Guided Waves Based on a Time–Frequency Method." IEEE Sensors Journal 19, no. 23 (2019): 11050–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2019.2934159.

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4

Franke, L., and R. Reimann-Oenel. "Beobachtungen zum Stofftransport und zu einhergehenden Schädigungseffekten in porösen Baustoffen / Observations of mass transport and related deterioration mechanisms in porous building materials." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 6, no. 4 (2000): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2000-5492.

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Abstract It is reported about substance migration problems and their consequences, which have been investigated experimentally and which could be particularly relevant with regard to repair and restoration of historic buildings. One aim of the investigations was to find out, whether facades, treated with water repellent agents, showing non treated areas, can be affected in their long time behaviour. Such lacks can be due to non careful application of the repellent agent. In addition, investigations were made to find out. of coatings on salt containing mineral substrates, especially natural sto

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Knowles, M. K., F. D. Hansen, T. W. Thompson, J. F. Schatz, and M. Gross. "Review and perspectives on spallings release models in the 1996 performance assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 69, no. 1-3 (2000): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0951-8320(00)00037-5.

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6

Berglund, J. W., J. W. Garner, J. C. Helton, J. D. Johnson, and L. N. Smith. "Direct releases to the surface and associated complementary cumulative distribution functions in the 1996 performance assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: cuttings, cavings and spallings." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 69, no. 1-3 (2000): 305–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0951-8320(00)00036-3.

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7

Hadinata, Patrick Nicholas, Djoni Simanta, Liyanto Eddy, and Kohei Nagai. "Multiclass Segmentation of Concrete Surface Damages Using U-Net and DeepLabV3+." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (2023): 2398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042398.

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Monitoring damage in concrete structures is crucial for maintaining the health of structural systems. The implementation of computer vision has been the key for providing accurate and quantitative monitoring. Recent development uses the robustness of deep-learning-aided computer vision, especially the convolutional neural network model. The convolutional neural network is not only accurate but also flexible in various scenarios. The convolutional neural network has been constructed to classify image in terms of individual pixel, namely pixel-level detection, which is especially useful in detec

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Guo, Y. S. H., Wei Shen Zhu, Shu Cai Li, R. H. C. Wong, and B. Sin. "Growth Pattern Study of Closed Surface Flaw under Compression." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.158.

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Under extra compressive stress, some phenomena of rock spallings and fractures often exist on rock mass located in sidewalls of underground house and tunnels. It is the reason that the crack growth and coalescence initiation from original flaws (or faults) in rock mass. In the previous studies, many researchers took a flaw as a through flaw (2-dimentional model), but the flaws are not always through the whole rock mass in fact, most of them are only near the surface of rock mass, These are so named as surface flaws. They belong to three dimensional (2-D) flaws. Now, the reports on initiation a

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Kuznetsov, R. V., V. E. Kormyshev, V. E. Gromov, Yu F. Ivanov, and Yu A. Shlyarova. "Transformation of structural-phase states in rail head at extremely long-term operation." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 65, no. 3 (2022): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2022-3-209-215.

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Quantitative transformations of the structure at a depth of 0, 2, 5, 10 mm along the central and symmetry axis of the fillet of long differentially quenched rails head after extremely long-term operation (passed tonnage of 1770 mln. gross tons) were identified at macro-, micro- and nanoscale levels by methods of optical, scanning and transmission electron diffraction microscopy. At a macroscale level, the numerous shallow parallel cracks of contact fatigue are detected on the surface of working fillet, and on the surface of inoperative fillet there are only small spallings. The lateral wear of

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Kong, Xiangxi, Ye Yuan, Shuai Sun, Yi Xin, and Qiang Meng. "Time-Varying Meshing Stiffness Calculation and Dynamics Simulation of Multi-Spalling Gear." Machines 13, no. 4 (2025): 299. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13040299.

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Spalling alters a gear’s time-varying meshing stiffness (TVMS), thereby affecting its vibration characteristics. However, most studies focus on single-spalling gears and overlook the possibility of multi-spalling gears. Additionally, because most spalls are irregular, traditional analytical models neglect the torsional effects that are caused by asymmetric spalling. In this study, a shape-independent model for calculating the TVMS of multi-spalling gears, which considers torsional stiffness, was developed. A 16-degree-of-freedom dynamic model was established to analyze the dynamic response, in

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Figueiredo, B., J. Vatcher, J. Sjöberg, and D. Mas Ivars. "Effects of the initial stress and spalling strength on spalling around deposition holes and tunnels." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1124, no. 1 (2023): 012110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1124/1/012110.

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Abstract Spalling in the deposition holes and tunnel stability are of concern for the design of deep geological repositories for spent nuclear fuel. A 3D numerical stress model, including a single deposition tunnel and multiple deposition holes to analyse the potential for spalling resulting from the excavation phase, was developed for the proposed repository location at the Forsmark site. Several potential initial stress field cases and spalling strengths of the intact rock were considered. The magnitudes of the factor of safety, the spalling depth, the minor principal stress, and the differe

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Qiao, Rujia, Yinbo Guo, Hang Zhou, and Huihui Xi. "Explosive Spalling Mechanism and Modeling of Concrete Lining Exposed to Fire." Materials 15, no. 9 (2022): 3131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093131.

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Traditional heat transfer analysis has been adopted to predict the damage in a tunnel under fire without considering the effect of concrete spalling, which leads to underestimation of the fire damage of concrete. However, accounting for the spalling effect of concrete under high temperature in an analytical heat transfer model is difficult because of the complexity of the spalling mechanism. This study aims to establish an analytical model to estimate the influence of concrete spalling on the fire-damage depth prediction. To overcome this challenge, first, a series of fire tests were conducted

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Han, Wenqiang, and Hanjun Jiang. "Time-varying Meshing Stiffness Calculation of Spur Gears with Asymmetric Spalling Defects." International Journal of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering 3, no. 3 (2024): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/ijmee.v3n3.03.

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Gear systems are subjected to repeated loads during long-term operation, and factors such as insufficient lubricant to increase friction between gears, resulting in elevated temperatures and wear, are highly susceptible to tooth spalling. Tooth spalling is a common form of failure in gear failure. In previous studies, the vibration response of a gear pair with spalling defects at the tooth center near the pitch circle has been investigated. However, the location of the spalling defects offset from the center of the tooth flank is rarely studied. Tooth spalling faults occur in the pitch circle,

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PRESTON, F. W. "THEORY OF SPALLING*." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 16, no. 1-12 (2006): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1933.tb19208.x.

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Buravova, Svetlana. "Erosion spalling mechanism." Wear 157, no. 2 (1992): 359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(92)90072-g.

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16

Zhao, Jie, Jian Jun Zheng, and Gai Fei Peng. "Modeling of Vapor Pressure Build-Up in Heated High-Performance Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3691.

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Under high temperature conditions, such as fire, high-performance concrete will undergo material degradation or even spalling. Spalling is the most detrimental to concrete structures. To prevent concrete from spalling, the mechanism should be understood. Since the build-up vapor pressure in concrete is supposed to play a dominant role in spalling, a vapor pressure prediction model is proposed in this paper to quantitatively analyze the vapor pressure, which can be used for the spalling mechanism study.

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Deng, Zhiming, Tudi Huang, Xunkai Wei, Hongzhong Huang, and Hao Wang. "Research on Multi-Directional Spalling Evolution Analysis Method for Angular Ball Bearing." Applied Sciences 14, no. 12 (2024): 5072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14125072.

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The prediction of spalling failure evolution in the lifespan of aeroengine bearings is crucial for en-suring the safe return of aircrafts after such failures occur. This study examines the spalling failure evolution process in bearings by integrating the proposed spalling region contact stress analysis model with the multi-directional subsurface crack extension analysis model. The results elucidate the general pattern of spalling expansion. Utilizing this methodology, the fatigue spalling fault evolution in bearings is thoroughly analyzed. Additionally, a two-dimensional model has been develop

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Tian, Kai Pei, Yang Ju, Hong Bin Liu, et al. "Effects of Silica Fume Addition on the Spalling Phenomena of Reactive Powder Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 1090–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1090.

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The explosive spalling of high-strength concrete due to fire is a problem that has garnered increasingly widespread attention, particularly the explosive spalling of reactive powder concrete (RPC). For years, based on the vapor pressure mechanism, the addition of fibers has been demonstrated to be somewhat effective in protecting against spalling. However, relevant experiments indicate that fibers are not effective for dense concrete, which is a challenge for the simple vapor pressure mechanism in providing spalling resistance for RPC. The authors found that silica fume plays an important role

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Zhao, Jie, Jian Jun Zheng, and Gai Fei Peng. "Fire Spalling Modeling of High Performance Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.378.

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Under high temperature conditions, such as fire, high performance concrete will undergo material degradation or even spalling. Spalling is the most detrimental damage to concrete structures. To prevent concrete from spalling, the mechanism should be understood. In this paper, an anisotropic damage model, in which both the thermal stress and vapor pressure are incorporated, is presented to analyze the spalling mechanism. The spalling phenomenon is studied based on two cases of different moisture contents. It is concluded that when the vapor pressure is present, concrete will behave much more br

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Wang, Kaiyun, Wanming Zhai, Kaikai Lv, and Zaigang Chen. "Numerical Investigation on Wheel-Rail Dynamic Vibration Excited by Rail Spalling in High-Speed Railway." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9108780.

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Spalling in contact surface of rail is a typical form of rolling contact fatigue, which is a difficult problem to solve in railway. Once the spalling occurs in the rail, the wheel-rail dynamic interaction will become more severe. The wheel-rail dynamic interaction is investigated based on the theory of vehicle-track coupled dynamics in this paper, where the excitation modes of the rail spalling failure are taken into consideration for high-speed wheel-rail system. A modified excitation model of rail spalling failure is proposed. It can enable the investigations on two kinds of excitation modes

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Luo, Lin, Yichao Rui, Jiadong Qiu, Chongjin Li, Xiong Liu, and Cong Chen. "Exploring Dynamic Spalling Behavior in Rock–Shotcrete Combinations: A Theoretical and Numerical Investigation." Mathematics 12, no. 9 (2024): 1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12091346.

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Spalling is a widespread dynamic disaster during blasting excavation in underground engineering. To clarify the coupled dynamic response and spalling behavior of an underground tunnel with a spray anchor, an investigation based on the rock–shotcrete combination was conducted using theoretical and numerical methods. The mathematical representation of stress wave propagation between rock and shotcrete was deduced based on the elastic stress wave theory. A novel method for predicting the location and time of initial spalling in a rock–shotcrete combination was proposed. A numerical simulation was

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Chen, Jun. "Effect of Transient Creep on the Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Walls under Fire." Buildings 14, no. 2 (2024): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020406.

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This paper investigates and reveals the effect of the high-temperature transient creep on the structural performance of RC walls under fire. A theoretical model is established, which explicitly includes the transient creep and accounts for the explosive spalling, the material, and geometric nonlinearities under fire. The effects of the transient creep on the structural response and fire resistance of RC walls with little spalling and with explosive spalling are investigated, respectively, with elucidation of the mechanisms. The influences of wall geometries, concrete properties, and the eccent

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Zhou, Mingliang, Wen Cheng, Hongwei Huang, and Jiayao Chen. "A Novel Approach to Automated 3D Spalling Defects Inspection in Railway Tunnel Linings Using Laser Intensity and Depth Information." Sensors 21, no. 17 (2021): 5725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175725.

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The detection of concrete spalling is critical for tunnel inspectors to assess structural risks and guarantee the daily operation of the railway tunnel. However, traditional spalling detection methods mostly rely on visual inspection or camera images taken manually, which are inefficient and unreliable. In this study, an integrated approach based on laser intensity and depth features is proposed for the automated detection and quantification of concrete spalling. The Railway Tunnel Spalling Defects (RTSD) database, containing intensity images and depth images of the tunnel linings, is establis

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Lakhani, Hitesh, and Jan Hofmann. "Effect of spalling on predicted temperature gradients and flexural capacity: numerical model." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 11, no. 2 (2019): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-01-2019-0010.

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Purpose The paper aims to present an advanced 2 D transient heat transfer analysis capable of accounting for the effect of spalling in terms of amount, location and time. The model accounts for moving thermal boundary conditions to comply with the changing member cross section. The discussed numerical model provides a tool to quantify the effect of spalling on the flexural capacity of reinforced concrete beams. Design/methodology/approach The implementation of the presented numerical model in an in-house code and its validation has been discussed. The thermal subroutine has been sequentially c

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Cui, Feng, Tinghui Zhang, and Xiaoqiang Cheng. "Research on Control of Rib Spalling Disaster in the Three-Soft Coal Seam." Shock and Vibration 2021 (June 16, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2404218.

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Rib spalling disaster at the coal mining faces severely restricted the safe and efficient output of coal resources. In order to solve this problem, based on the analysis of the current status of rib spalling in the three-soft coal seam 1508 Working Face of Heyang Coal Mine, a mechanical model of sliding-type rib spalling was established and the main influencing factors that affect rib spalling are given. The mechanism of grouting technology to prevent and control rib spalling has been theoretically analyzed. A similarity simulation experiment is used to analyze the change law of roof stress un

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Murmu, Sunny, and Gnananandh Budi. "Study on the Mechanism, Prediction, and Control of Coal Wall Spalling in Deep Longwall Panels Utilizing Advanced Numerical Simulation Methodology." Geofluids 2022 (July 9, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5622228.

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This research looked at the occurrence of coal wall spalling, a type of longwall face failure, during the main weighing period (MWP) for panels greater than 300 m depth. FLAC3D software was exploited to simulate the ground condition of longwall panel 1 of Adriyala Longwall Project mine. The extent and severity of coal wall spalling were quantified using evaluation criteria based on the concepts of vertical stress distribution and maximum shear strain. Subsequently, a parametric analysis of thirteen factors influencing the coal wall spalling was carried out. Empirical equations for predicting c

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Hager, Izabela, and Katarzyna Mróz. "Role of Polypropylene Fibres in Concrete Spalling Risk Mitigation in Fire and Test Methods of Fibres Effectiveness Evaluation." Materials 12, no. 23 (2019): 3869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233869.

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The explosive behaviour of concrete in fire is observed in rapidly heated concrete. The main factors controlling the occurrence of spalling are related to the material’s low porosity and high density as well as the limited ability to transport gases and liquids. Thus, for high-strength, ultrahigh-strength, and reactive powder concrete, the risk of spalling is much higher than for normal-strength concrete. The paper presents the discussion on the leading hypothesis concerning the occurrence of concrete spalling. Moreover, the methods for spalling prevention, such as polypropylene fibre applicat

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Rickard, Ieuan, Luke Bisby, and Susan Deeny. "Explosive spalling of concrete in fire: novel testing to mitigate design risk." Structural Engineer 96, no. 1 (2018): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/uyzk7228.

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Heat-induced explosive spalling in fire poses a credible risk to concrete structures, and has received considerable research attention in recent decades. However, no validated guidance to enable the design of concrete mixes to prevent spalling, nor any established, widely verified, repeatable test methods are yet available to confidently quantify or demonstrate spalling resistance for a particular mix in a given application. As a result, no models yet exist that can predict spalling with sufficient confidence to be used in design. This paper summarises contemporary research on heat-induced con

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Li, Rong Tao. "Application of Fuzzy Pattern Recognition in Spalling Risk Evaluation of Concrete Structures at High Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.451.

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Spalling phenomenon in concrete exposed to high temperatures, e.g. during a fire, can seriously jeopardize the integrity of a whole structure. Spalling risk analysis and evaluation has become the hot topic of research on fire-resistance behavior of concrete structures at present. Based on fuzzy pattern recognition, a model for evaluating spalling risk of concrete structures at high temperature is established according to the factors influencing explosive spalling. The influential factor set is composed of strength, water/cement ratio, fibres content, curing humidity, load level, and heating ra

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Mróz, Katarzyna, Izabela Hager, Marcin Tekieli, Václav Kočí, and João Castro-Gomes. "Determination of Strain and Stress Field in Screening Test for Concrete Fire Spalling—Passive Restraint Effect." Materials 17, no. 24 (2024): 6210. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17246210.

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The paper examines the impact of passive restraint on fire-induced spalling in concrete, utilizing a concrete mixture to minimize compositional variability. A variety of specimen geometries was prepared, including standard cubes and cylinders for the determination of mechanical properties and slabs of different dimensions for fire spalling tests conducted under controlled conditions. A top-opening Dragon furnace, which applies ISO 834-1 fire curves, was used to evaluate the influence of “cold rim” boundaries, where slab edges were insulated to create thermal restraint. The cold rims were categ

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Liu, Hongtao, Yang Chen, Zijun Han, et al. "Coal Wall Spalling Mechanism and Grouting Reinforcement Technology of Large Mining Height Working Face." Sensors 22, no. 22 (2022): 8675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228675.

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To control the problem of coal wall spalling in large mining height working faces subject to mining, considering the Duanwang Mine 150505 fully mechanized working face, the mechanism of coal wall spalling in working faces was investigated by theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field experiment. Based on analysis of coal wall spalling in the working face, a new grouting material was developed. The stress and plastic zone changes affecting the coal wall, before and after grouting in the working face, were analyzed using numerical simulation and surrounding rock grouting reinforcement

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Min, G., D. Fukuda, S. Oh, H. Liu, and S. Cho. "Verification of Spalling Tensile Strength of Rocks using 3D GPGPU-accelerated Hybrid FEM/DEM." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1124, no. 1 (2023): 012117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1124/1/012117.

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Abstract The spalling test is widely applied for evaluating dynamic tensile strength of rock under high strain-rate condition. The dynamic tensile strength is indirectly measured in the spalling test by theoretically assuming the tensile stress level at the failure position of a cylindrical specimen based on the 1D stress wave propagation theory. However, the theoretical estimation method for dynamic tensile strength have not been fully validated since dynamic tensile strength was determined with insufficient understanding of the fracture process, such as crack propagation and stress distribut

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Peng, Gai Fei, Xu Jie Duan, Xue Chao Yang, and Ting Yu Hao. "Behavior of High Performance Steel-Fiber Concrete Exposed to High Temperature in Terms of Spalling and Permeability." Key Engineering Materials 629-630 (October 2014): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.629-630.252.

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An experimental investigation was conducted on behavior of high performance steel-fiber concrete subjected to high temperature, in terms of explosive spalling and permeability. A series of concretes incorporated steel fiber at various dosages were prepared, and further processed to have a series of moisture contents. Explosive spalling tests were conducted on control plain concrete and steel fiber concrete. After explosive spalling tests, each of the specimens that didn’t encounter spalling was sawn into two pieces. Crack observations and permeability tests were conducted on the sawn surfaces.

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Lu, Fang Xia, and Mario Fontana. "Concrete Permeability and Explosive Spalling in Fire." Key Engineering Materials 711 (September 2016): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.711.541.

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Permeability of concrete is a good indicator of the risk of explosive spalling, concrete with low permeability is more prone to explosive spalling. To study explosive spalling of concrete, experimental tests on the concrete permeability have been carried out at ETH. The influences from temperature and moisture content have been investigated. The permeability of concrete is found to increase with the temperature and to decrease with moisture content. Based on the test results, a permeability model has been proposed. The explosive spalling has been predicted and an engineering boundary permeabil

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Ye, Wan Jun, Geng She Yang, Xian Li, and Ning Zhuang. "Treatment Materials for Spalling on Loess Slope." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.425.

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Spalling on loess slope threats the safety of highway and destroys its ecological environment. This paper proposes treatment materials for medium thickness spalling on loess slope. This materials treat the spalling in loess slope by the Reinforced function of straw, Bonding effect of silt, retain soil moisture and insulation effect of straw silt nutrition materials of silt mixed with straw, and fixation effect of T-shaped spiral steel anchor net, so that the treated slope can be protected and greened. It can effectively reinforce the loess slope, and prevent it from spalling.

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He, Fu Lian, Xiao Ming Wang, De Quan Zhang, and Shang Sen He. "Study on Parameters of Support for Control of Roof Fall and Rib Spalling in Large Fully Mechanized Top Coal Caving End Face." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.421.

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Key factors affecting the control of roof fall and rib spalling are identified relying on the statistics for characteristics of roof fall and rib spalling distribution, and the regression analysis of the relationships of roof fall and rib spalling to support parameters by measuring actual ground pressures. The effect of support in controlling roof fall and rib spalling is analyzed by setting up a caving arch mechanical model of cataclastic coal and rock mass on fully mechanized caving face, and the key parameters of support are also determined using numerical simulation.

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Miah, Md Jihad, Francesco Lo Monte, Roberto Felicetti, Hélène Carré, Pierre Pimienta, and Christian La Borderie. "Fire Spalling Behaviour of Concrete: Role of Mechanical Loading (Uniaxial and Biaxial) and Cement Type." Key Engineering Materials 711 (September 2016): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.711.549.

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Fire poses one of the most severe environmental conditions that can act on concrete structures as an external load and can induce severe damages (cracks, spalling) or even lead to collapse. Fire spalling of concrete is a complex phenomenon, which might occur due to pressure build-up in the pores, thermal and load-induced stresses. In this context, ordinary concrete specimens (B40-II and B40-III: fc28days ≈ 40 MPa) were exposed to standard fire curve (ISO 834-1), while a constant uniaxial or biaxial compressive load was applied. Six different levels of uniaxial compressive stress on cubes and f

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Khan, Mehran, Mingfeng Kai, Muhammad Ahmad, Jiancong Lao, and Jian-Guo Dai. "Fire Performance of Fiber-reinforced Ultra-High-Performance Concrete: A state-of-the-art review." Journal of Asian Concrete Federation 9, no. 1 (2023): 65–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18702/acf.2023.9.1.65.

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Explosive spalling is a major problem for structures made of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) after being exposed to fire, which hinders their practical applications. To overcome this obstacle, fibers have become an essential constituent of UHPC in past decades. This paper summarizes a state-of-the-art review related to the fire performance of UHPC using single and hybrid fibers. The spalling behavior, spalling mechanism, mechanical properties, and microstructure characteristics of fiber-reinforced UHPC are summarized, and structural performance of fiber-reinforced UHPC members at elevat

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Rovinello, Marco. "La pluralità di un modello. L'ufficiale italiano fra codici, regolamenti e immagine pubblica (1859-1914)." ITALIA CONTEMPORANEA, no. 298 (June 2022): 83–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ic2022-298010.

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Il contributo analizza e confronta i principali testi deputati a delineare il recte vivere e il set di valori dell'ufficiale italiano d'età liberale: da un lato, i codici penali del 1859 e del 1869; dall'altro i regolamenti di disciplina del 1859, del 1872 e del 1907. Parallelamente, il saggio esamina sia il dibattito interno al mondo militare sulla figura e sulla mission dell'ufficiale, sia l'immagine delle spalline che la retorica filomilitare popolarizz. fra Unità e Grande guerra. Anche alla luce di quanto sappiamo sull'articolazione interna dell'ufficialità, l'ipotesi è che una lettura com

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Ding, Y., and J. A. Gear. "Spalling depth prediction model." Wear 267, no. 5-8 (2009): 1181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2008.12.064.

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Mohammed, Hussein, Hawreen Ahmed, Rawaz Kurda, Rayed Alyousef, and Ahmed Farouk Deifalla. "Heat-Induced Spalling of Concrete: A Review of the Influencing Factors and Their Importance to the Phenomenon." Materials 15, no. 5 (2022): 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051693.

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Heat-induced spalling in concrete is a problem that has been the subject of intense debate. The research community has, despite all the effort invested in this problem, few certain and definitive answers regarding the causes of and the way in which spalling happens. A major reason for this difficulty is the lack of a unified method for testing, which makes comparing data from various studies against each other a difficult task. Many studies have been performed that show the positive effects of using synthetic micro-fibres, such as polypropylene (PP). The mechanism with which PP fibres improve

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Li, Guosheng, Zhenhua Li, Feng Du, and Zhengzheng Cao. "Study on the Failure Characteristics of Coal Wall Spalling in Thick Coal Seam with Gangue." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (December 14, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6668458.

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Coal wall spalling is one of the main factors restricting the safe and efficient mining of thick coal seam, and the gangue has an important impact on the coal wall spalling. To obtain the failure characteristics of coal wall spalling in thick coal seam containing gangue, numerical calculation and theoretical research were used to analyze the morphological differences of coal wall spalling with different gangue positions. Besides, the damage depth, width, and stress environment of coal wall panel caused by the position of gangue were mainly studied, and the failure mechanics model of coal seam

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Yu, Xin Meng, Xiao Xiong Zha, and Zhao Hui Huang. "The Influence of Spalling on the Fire Resistance of RC Structures." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.519.

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A great many of experiments has shown that reinforced concrete (RC) structures suffered from spalling in fire. However, at present there are still no convincing spalling predicting models available due to the inhomogeneous nature and complicated thermo-hydro-mechanical interactions in concrete at elevated temperatures. In order to evaluate the fire resistance of RC structures which are subjected to concrete spalling, a thermal analysis procedure is developed which considers the effects of spalling on the growth of temperature in RC members. The predicted temperatures are then used to model the

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McKinney, John, and Faris Ali. "Artificial Neural Networks for the Spalling Classification & Failure Prediction Times of High Strength Concrete Columns." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 5, no. 3 (2014): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2040-2317.5.3.203.

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This paper presents the results from two supervised Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) developed for the spalling classification and failure prediction of high strength concrete columns (HSCC) subjected to fire. The experimental test data used for the ANN are based on the HSCC tests undertaken at the Fire Research Laboratories at the University of Ulster. 80% of the chosen experimental test data was used to train the network with the remaining 20% used for testing. In the spalling classification example the key ANN input parameters were; furnace temperature, restraint, loading level, force, spal

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Han, Xiao, Ming Hu, Yueyang Tang, Pan Gao, Yuan Gao, and Zhiteng Li. "Thermal erosion behavior of electroplating and multi-arc ion plating Cr coatings on PCrNi3MoVA steel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2921, no. 1 (2024): 012003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2921/1/012003.

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Abstract The thermal erosion behavior of two-kind Cr coating on PCrNi3MoVA steel under 350 MPa erosive pressure is compared. Microscopic observations and elemental analyses of the two-kind Cr coatings are carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion spectrometer (EDS), which led to their exfoliation mechanism. It is found the spalling mechanism of the two-kind Cr coatings after thermal erosion is different: the spalling of the electroplating Cr coating is in the form of localized delamination to overall spalling over a large area, and the spalling of the multi-arc io

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Khayyat, Maha M. "Crystalline Silicon Spalling as a Direct Application of Temperature Effect on Semiconductors’ Indentation." Crystals 11, no. 9 (2021): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11091020.

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Kerf-less removal of surface layers of photovoltaic materials including silicon is an emerging technology by controlled spalling technology. The method is extremely simple, versatile, and applicable to a wide range of substrates. Controlled spalling technology requires a stressor layer, such as Ni, to be deposited on the surface of a brittle material; then, the controlled removal of a continuous surface layer can be performed at a predetermined depth by manipulating the thickness and stress of the Ni layer, introducing a crack near the edge of the substrate, and mechanically guiding the crack

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Sohn, Y. C., Jin Yu, S. K. Kang, D. Y. Shih, and T. Y. Lee. "Spalling of intermetallic compounds during the reaction between lead-free solders and electroless Ni-P metallization." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 8 (2004): 2428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0297.

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Intermetallic compound (IMC) spalling from electroless Ni-P film was investigated with lead-free solders in terms of solder-deposition methods (electroplating, solder paste, and thin foil), P content in the Ni-P film (4.6, 9, and 13 wt% P), and solder thickness (120 versus .200 μm). The reaction of Ni-P with Sn3.5Ag paste easily led to IMC spalling after 2-min reflow at 250 °C while IMCs adhered to the Ni-P layer after 10-min reflow with electroplated Sn or Sn3.5Ag. It has been shown that not only the solder composition but also the deposition method is important for IMC spalling from the Ni-P

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Tanjung, Ardhymanto Am. "Understanding parameters impacting the mechanism leading to spalling around underground excavations in massive rocks under high stress." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1228, no. 1 (2023): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1228/1/012008.

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Abstract Underground excavation is required for mining engineering and nuclear waste repository. As the excavation progresses, the stress increases, and brittle failures frequently exist. Brittle failures are arranged into two types: spalling and rock bursting. Spalling in the shape of a V-notch may severely damage the machine and workers involved in its development. This potential hazard can be mitigated by fully representing all parameters that cause spalling in the model. Thus, optimized tunnel design can be achieved. As a result, the company can strike a balance between profit and safety.

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Choi, Pangil, Lochana Poudyal, Fouzieh Rouzmehr, and Moon Won. "Spalling in Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement in Texas." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 11 (2020): 731–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120948509.

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The performance of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) in Texas has been quite satisfactory, primarily thanks to the continuous improvements in design and construction. However, severe spalling has been a major problem, and the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) has sponsored several research projects since 1985 to identify solutions for this serious problem. Even though the research efforts were successful in identifying spalling mechanisms, developing a policy that TxDOT could easily implement has been a challenge. To develop a more practical solution to this problem, Tx

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Hwang, Euichul, Gyuyong Kim, Gyeongcheol Choe, et al. "Explosive Spalling Behavior of Single-Sided Heated Concrete According to Compressive Strength and Heating Rate." Materials 14, no. 20 (2021): 6023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14206023.

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In this study, the effects of heating rate and compressive strength on the spalling behavior of single-sided heated ring-restrained concrete with compressive strengths of 60 and 100 MPa were investigated. The vapor pressure and restrained stress inside the concrete were evaluated under fast- and slow-heating conditions. Regardless of the heating rate, the concrete vapor pressure and restrained stress increased as the temperature increased, and it was confirmed that spalling occurred in the 100-MPa concrete. Specifically, it was found that moisture migration and restrained stress inside the con

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