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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „SPI communication protocol“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 15. September 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 30. Juli 2025

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1

M P, Ranganatha. "Implementation of SPI Protocol using Verilog." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 2 (2025): 1619–30. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.67182.

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The implementation of communication protocols using Verilog presents a novel approach to digital communication system design. This project explores the development and integration of various communication protocols within the Verilog hardware description language (HDL) framework. The primary focus lies in the synthesis of protocols such as SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface). The report begins by discussing the fundamental concepts behind Verilog HDL and its relevance in digital system design. It then explores into the detailed architecture and functionality of each communication protocol target

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Nalina H D. "FPGA Implementation of SPI Protocol." International Journal Of Trendy Research In Engineering And Technology 08, no. 02 (2024): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54473/ijtret.2024.8204.

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Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) are versatile devices that can be programmed to implement various digital circuits, including communication protocols like Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI). The Serial peripheral interface protocol is a synchronous serial communication interface that allows for full duplex communication between a master device and a multiple slave MOSI, MISO, SCLK, and SS. MOSI and MISO are data lines, while SCLK is the clock signal generated by the master to synchronize transfers. SS is used by the master to select individual slave devices. By implementing the SPI protoco

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A, Smitha, and PA Vijaya. "Design of I2C Protocol in Verilog-A New Approach." Perspectives in Communication, Embedded-systems and Signal-processing - PiCES 4, no. 9 (2021): 232–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4420094.

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Serial communication is a technique where the transfer of data happens serially bitwise. Parallel communication is a technique where the transfer of data happens parallelly simultaneously bitwise. In many applications serial communication is preferred. Comparison between I2C, SPI and CAN serial communication protocol can be seen. I2C communication protocol is preferred over SPI and CAN protocols. I2C is a synchronous serial communication which can be implemented in Verilog.

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Maya Gonzalez, Juan Carlos. "Implementation of I2C and SPI communication protocol for temperature and acceleration measurement at FPGA." Open Access Journal of Science 6, no. 1 (2023): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2023.06.00188.

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This document presents the development of the I2C and SPI communication protocols in the VHDL hardware description language, its implementation was carried out on the Xilinx Nexys 4 DDR FPGA board with temperature sensors (ADXL362) and accelerometer (ADT742). whose chips are integrated into the board. The temperature sensor communicates with the I2C protocol and the accelerometer with the SPI protocol, both communications were integrated into the project and can be selected through the switches provided by the FPGA board. The experimental results carried out demonstrate the reliability of the

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Venkitaraman, Ashwin Kavasseri, and Venkata Satya Rahul Kosuru. "Resilence of Autosar-Complaint Spi Driver Communication as Applied to Automotive Embedded Systems." European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 7, no. 2 (2023): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejece.2023.7.2.521.

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Automotive embedded systems often work on multi- OS which use a mix of onboard communication protocols such as SPI, I2C, LIN, CAN or FlexRay. Considering high fidelity, data transfer rate from 100 kbps up to 5 Mbps and ability to support full-duplex communication we have selected SPI communication protocol for the analysis. In this letter, we propose resilient strategy for SPI driver to communicate cell voltage, current and temperature, typically used in active cell balancing. The SPI driver is constrained by the AUTOSAR standard for purpose of formalization. The inter-core communication betwe

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Sigit Prakosa Adhi Nugraha, Lilo Sunuharjo, and Muhammad 'Atiq. "Komunikasi Arduino I2C, SPI dan UART." Switch : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Informasi 2, no. 4 (2024): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.62951/switch.v2i4.187.

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Communication between devices is an important aspect when developing an Arduino-based system. The three communication protocols commonly used with Arduino are I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit), SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), and UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter). Each of these protocols has unique characteristics that make them suitable for different applications. These three communication protocols provide flexible options when developing systems that communicate with sensors, actuators, or other modules on the Arduino platform. Selecting the appropriate protocol depends on

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Jiang, Bo, Siqi Wang, and Shuqi Zhang. "Design and simulation implementation of SPI protocol interface based on Verilog." Applied and Computational Engineering 35, no. 1 (2024): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/35/20230386.

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The SPI bus protocol can communicate with multiple peripherals without address bits. The transmission speed is fast and the configuration is simple and flexible, which solves the problem of serial communication between microprocessors and peripherals. In order to simply realize the function of the SPI bus and verify its stability, the SPI bus is designed and simulated verified using Verilog language and Modelsim software. The results show that the design realizes the full-dus-duserial synchronous communication function of SPI bus, with high data transmission stability and a data transmission s

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SUSANA, RATNA, MUHAMMAD ICHWAN, and SAVERO AL PHARD. "Penerapan Metoda Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) pada Rancang Bangun Data Logger berbasis SD card." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 4, no. 2 (2018): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v4i2.208.

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ABSTRAKSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI) adalah protokol komunikasi yang dapat digunakan sebagai interface komunikasi antara mikrokontroler dengan SD Card. Dengan menerapkan metoda SPI pada data logger berbasis SD Card, maka dapat diketahui karakteristik protokol komunikasi SPI antara mikrokontroler dengan SD Card. SD Card diformat dengan tipe FAT 16, dan data di dalam SD Card berupa sekumpulan paket data sensor yang diambil secara periodik dan disimpan dalam bentuk file dengan format.csv. Berdasarkan format paket data sensor yang dibuat, dapat dihitungwaktu perekaman data yang diperlukan agar

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Liu, Taozhe. "FPGA-based SPI serial communication." Applied and Computational Engineering 72, no. 1 (2024): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/72/20241021.

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With advances in computer and IoT technology, the realization of the Internet of Everything is just around the corner. Synchronous serial bus communication with simple, high-speed interfaces and easy implementation will become a key player in the electronics industry. However, due to factors such as I/O resources, timing constraints, and register resources, general microcontrollers have various problems. The serial bus communication of I/O simulation has a low transmission rate and cannot achieve true full duplex communication. SPI is a standard for serial transmission introduced by Motorola i

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Zhou, Dao Xian, Cui Xia Zhang, Li Li Liu, and Shuo Han. "Design and Realization of Infrared Simulation of SPI Communication." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 2284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.2284.

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The Infrared transfer using data transport protocol plus sign, plus software validation for data transmission, is usually transfer technology. This article provides an overview of the design of hardware circuit simulation of infrared transmission of SPI protocol, and details about the process of transmitting and the receiving program and how it works, and points out some problems which need paying more attention in the design process.

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Grossardt, Ted, Keiron Bailey, and Joel Brumm. "Structured Public Involvement: Problems and Prospects for Improvement." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1858, no. 1 (2003): 59–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1858-13.

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Public involvement in transportation planning and design has a problematic history. Professionals lack access to a coherent, organized method for communicating with the public, and some important principles of public involvement known to community design professionals are still being discovered by transportation professionals. A protocol, structured public involvement (SPI), is proposed. SPI was designed to ensure that public involvement is meaningful to the professional and the public. Principles of SPI are presented, and a series of steps useful for engaging the general public in a complex d

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Wei, Jun Chao, Guo Yuan Zhang, Yao Chen, and Xiu Tian Yan. "Design of a Communication Interface between the Controller and the Galvanometer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 527 (February 2014): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.527.269.

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In a laser marking system, a laser marking controller should be designed to control several galvanometers through a certain interface using a certain protocol, such as the XY2-100 or SPI. The selection of the protocol depends on the configuration of the laser marking system. Using different protocols makes the controller design provide two types of interfaces. If different protocols have their own physical interfaces, the circuit becomes more complicated. In order to decrease the number of physical interfaces and ensure the protocol compatibility at the same time, two protocol signal generator

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Ms., Kamble Anuja Ashok, and S. A. Pardeshi Dr. "DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF I2C PROTOCOL." JournalNX - a Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal RIT PG Con-18 (April 22, 2018): 213–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1413419.

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The serial communication plays an important role in various applications. By using the communication protocol, we increase the performance of a system. Popular serial interfacing protocol includes: USB, I2C, SPI, CAN and UART for communication between integrated circuits for low/medium data transfer speed with on board peripherals. Our system allows the secure exchange of large amount of data. https://journalnx.com/journal-article/20150520

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Li, Li Li, Jing Yu He, Yong Peng Zhao, and Jian Hong Yang. "Design of Microcontroller Standard SPI Interface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 618 (August 2014): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.618.563.

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This paper describes a design of high-speed and reusable SPI interface model which is used for Microcontroller. The SPI interface is designed by very simple but universally useful method, used a FIFO to improve transmission speed and supported data serial input and parallel output which other interface didn’t mentioned. The paper analyses the function of every module of SPI interface and standard 8051 microcontroller interface communication protocol, describes the design project of implement SPI logical function. After testbench and FPGA verification, the results indicate that the microcontrol

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Zhang, Haifan, and Fei Ye. "SPI Implementation Based on M2e Microprocessor." MATEC Web of Conferences 232 (2018): 04079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823204079.

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Normally, the computer reads, writes and other control operations on the M2 board through the UART protocol. Our goal is to achieve control of the M2 board through the SPI protocol. The specific implementation is to use an M2 board (Master M2) as an intermediary to achieve control of the target M2 board (Slave M2). The communication between the user computer and the Master M2 still uses the UART protocol. The SPI protocol is used between the Master M2 and the Slave M2. The read/write and other operations of the Slave M2 board no longer need to occupy the UART resources of the user's computer,

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Zhuang, Chenyu. "Comparison And Selection of Commonly Used Communication Protocols in Measurement and Control Instruments." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 81 (January 26, 2024): 540–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/em4syb59.

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In the contemporary landscape of economic globalization, the salience of the field of measurement and control has progressively intensified. Simultaneously, the utilization of serial bus technology within instrumentation has witnessed a considerable proliferation. Consequently, the judicious selection of an appropriate serial bus protocol has assumed paramount importance. It is incumbent upon practitioners to consider diverse factors, including the communication principles, performance attributes, and interfacing requirements, when making their choice, to ensure the efficacious and stable oper

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K., Mohanapriya, Mohankumar M., and Suganya L. "LOW POWER DESIGN OF SPI AND I2C PROTOCOL IN VERILOG HDL." Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology 32, no. 1 (2025): 010355(1–10). https://doi.org/10.55766/sujst7904.

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A method for sharing data between a slave and a master is the SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface). The result of this paper explores a high-speed SPI configuration that utilizes clock gating, drawing inspiration from Motorola’s manual and is implemented in Xilinx’s Virtex 5 FPGA using Verilog 2001. It covers design strategies for managing the SPI bus, including handling multiple slave devices. The document also explores an I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) single master with a bidirectional data line, supporting multiple masters and efficient communication between devices. The I2C master can transf

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Liao, Chin-Wen, Hsiu-Chou Yu, and Yu-Cheng Liao. "Verification of SPI Protocol Using Universal Verification Methodology for Modern IoT and Wearable Devices." Electronics 14, no. 5 (2025): 837. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14050837.

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The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) protocol plays a crucial role in wearable and IoT devices, enabling high-speed communication between microcontrollers and peripherals such as sensors, displays, and connectivity modules. With the increasing complexity of modern devices and system-on-chip (SoC) designs, robust verification methods are essential to ensure functionality and reliability. This paper utilizes the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM) to develop a scalable and reusable testbench for SPI verification. The process encompasses test planning, simulation, emulation, and top-level v

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Arjun, Agaram Mangad. "Assessing the Prevalence and Future of I2C Devices in Commercial Aircraft's Embedded Systems." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH AND CREATIVE TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 4 (2021): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14787342.

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Serial communication technologies such as I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) and SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) have long been integral to avionics systems for data transfer between components, such as sensors, controllers, and peripheral devices. As avionics systems evolve and demand higher performance, older technologies like I2C and SPI face bandwidth, power efficiency, and scalability limitations. MIPI has developed the new I3C (Improved Inter-Integrated Circuit) standard to address these challenges. I3C is built with I2C fundamentals in mind while bringing several advanced features that re

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Visconti, P., G. Giannotta, R. Brama, P. Primiceri, A. Malvasi, and A. Centuori. "FEATURES, OPERATION PRINCIPLE AND LIMITS OF SPI AND I2C COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS FOR SMART OBJECTS: A NOVEL SPI-BASED HYBRID PROTOCOL ESPECIALLY SUITABLE FOR IoT APPLICATIONS." International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems 10, no. 2 (2017): 262–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2017-211.

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Rieke Adriati Wijayanti, Ahmad Wilda Yulianto, Dianthy Marya, Muhammad Syirajuddin S., and Nurul Hidayati. "Antarmuka Mikrokontroller IoT (ESP32) Dengan USB Host max3421e." Journal of Applied Smart Electrical Network and Systems 1, no. 02 (2020): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52158/jasens.v1i02.141.

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Electronic equipment made using old technology or electronic equipment in the entry-level category has not been supported by networking equipment, so for the data communication process, the microcontroller requires interfacing facilities that are in accordance with the electronic equipment used, such as a USB port. With the microcontroller that supports IoT, it allows electronic equipment to communicate over the network. An IoT microcontroller such as the ESP32 is equipped with a WiFi feature but is not equipped with a USB controller feature, while the USB Host max3421e supports the communicat

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Chen, Shih-Lun, Tsun-Kuang Chi, Min-Chun Tuan, et al. "A Novel Low-Power Synchronous Preamble Data Line Chip Design for Oscillator Control Interface." Electronics 9, no. 9 (2020): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091509.

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In this paper, a novel low-power synchronous preamble data line protocol chip design for serial communication is proposed. The serial communication only uses two wires, chip select (CS) and secure digital (SD), to transmit and receive data between two devices. The proposed protocol aims to use a fewer number of wires for the interface, therefore reducing the complexity as well as the area of the chip design. Moreover, it increases the efficiency through a synchronous serial communication-controlled oscillator. The low-power synchronous preamble data line protocol design was successfully verifi

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Visconti, P., G. Giannotta, R. Brama, P. Primiceri, R. de Fazio, and A. Malvasi. "OPERATION PRINCIPLE, ADVANCED PROCEDURES AND VALIDATION OF A NEW FLEX-SPI COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL FOR SMART IoT DEVICES." International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems 10, no. 3 (2017): 506–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2017-222.

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P., S. Jadhav, B. Patil C., B. Jirage G., and R. Mudholkar R. "FPGA based Data Acquisition System for Machine Tool Spindle." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 8, no. 5 (2023): 2599–604. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8021466.

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This article presents implementation of FPGA based data acquisition system to measure the temperature of spindle of a machine tool. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is the heart of the system which is configured and programmed to obtain real time temperature of spindle machine tool using temperature sensor IC LM-35. In order to acquire analog to digital data (ADC), Serial peripheral Interface (SPI) communication protocol has been used. The data acquisition system is designed and developed using quartus II version 15.1 and implemented on Cyclone IV E FPGA device. The measured output is stor

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Ruan, Yan. "Design and Realization of Smart Home System Based on Wireless Sensor Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 1421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.1421.

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The paper takes STM32 microcontroller as the core. The UIP protocol stack is transplanted to STM32 to construct embedded web server and wireless sensor networks is used to construct the internal network of smart home. In combination with GSM communication technology, a smart home control system with the advantages of reliability, simplicity and flexibility is designed. In addition, this article also introduced a low power wireless receiving and transmitting chip CC 1100 in detail, completed software and hardware design of wireless receiving and transmitting module. Aspect of hardware design, c

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Zhu, Yu Long, and Yu Duo Wang. "The ECG Data Storage System Design Based on SD Card and Reliability Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3625.

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The ECG data storage system based on 32-bit stm32 microprocessor, parsing complicated communication protocol of BMD101 electrocardiograph signal acquisition module. It is implemented that ECG data real-time storage of BMD101 of high sampling rate with SPI serial bus to carry out the serial correspondence between SD card and chip. This paper uses the physionet medical packet to analysis the difference between HRV of two groups of ECG data which reflects the reliability of the ECG data storage system. The analysis results show that the storage system with almost no loss of ECG data, stable perfo

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Valente, Giacomo, Vittoriano Muttillo, Mirco Muttillo, et al. "SPOF—Slave Powerlink on FPGA for Smart Sensors and Actuators Interfacing for Industry 4.0 Applications." Energies 12, no. 9 (2019): 1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091633.

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We here present a new PLC-POWERLINK industrial solution for Industry 4.0 applications. The proposed solution provides the capability to separate the sensing functionality from the PLC-side, in demand for the reconfigurable FPGA implementation. In particular, we here provide a framework that supports the interfacing between the POWERLINK protocol and commonly used standards, such as I2C, SPI, and UART. This has been obtained by using a framework built around a soft IP-core Application Processor, which manages the interfacing with several POWERLINK slaves, able to support the data exchange with

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Visconti, P., G. Giannotta, R. Brama, P. Primiceri, R. de Fazio, and A. Malvasi. "FRAMEWORK IMPLEMENTATION, FIRMWARE DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FLEX-SPI COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL: ENERGY CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON WITH I2C STANDARD." International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems 10, no. 4 (2017): 754–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2018-018.

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A., Sai Aarthi, Devanand B., Bai Jadala Nirmala, and U.Poorna Lakshmi Dr. "Swarm Robot Using Arduino." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 7 (2022): 1637–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7021165.

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- Swarm robotics is a way of organising huge num- bers of primarily straightforward physical robots in multi-robot systems. A desired collective behaviour is thought to originate from the interplay between the robot and how it interacts withits surroundings. This project provides applications, im- plementation information, and utilizing various technologies, meet hardware and design requirements. In the swarm robotics problem, cooperation swarm organisation, which emerges from the system itself, and the urge to solve problems are referred to assolution capability. Decentralization is achieved

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Tran, Duc M., Kyungah Kim, and Joon-Young Choi. "CLB-Based Development of BiSS-C Interface Master for Motor Encoders." Electronics 12, no. 4 (2023): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040886.

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Encoder interfaces should be operated in real time with high precision and fast processing for industrial motor control systems. The continuous bidirectional serial synchronous (BiSS-C) interface is an open-source serial communication protocol designed for motor encoders and is suitable for industrial purposes because of its fast serial communication speed. In this study, we propose a method for developing a BiSS-C interface master for a motor encoder slave, using only the configurable logic block (CLB) peripheral integrated into TI microcontroller units. By analyzing the detailed operation pr

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Li, Jiabao, Qiang Zhu, Yatong Gao, Bingxiang Ding, Ziqiang Zheng, and Chunlei Zhang. "Design of Energy-Saving Control System for Intelligent Street Lamps Based on STM32." Journal of Engineering System 3, no. 1 (2025): 72–82. https://doi.org/10.62517/jes.202502111.

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In this paper, an energy-saving control system for intelligent street lamps based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller is designed, and dynamic lighting control is realized by integrating D80NK infrared sensor, LD2451 radar sensor and KDT331 photoresistor. According to the requirements of the "Urban Road Lighting Design Standard" (CJJ45-2015), the system adopts three operation modes: maintaining the lowest illumination (5lx) when there is no car, "lighting with the vehicle" when the traffic flow is sparse, and full power lighting when the traffic flow is dense. The hardware design includes a multi

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Triqadafi, Adin O., Tyas N. Zafirah, Hari A. Dharmawan, and Setyawan P. Sakti. "Four-Channels High-Resolution Frequency Counter for QCM Sensor Array Using Generic FPGA XC6SLX9 Board." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2023 (May 9, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5182455.

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A frequency counter is essential for resonance-based sensors like quartz crystal microbalance. An electronic nose or tongue using a QCM sensor array requires a multichannel frequency counter to detect the frequency shift of the sensors simultaneously. The frequency counter’s resolution, precision, and sampling speed are important factors. Board size, energy consumption, and rapid deployment are also considered in the design. This work shows the development of an independent multichannel frequency counter using a commercial Xilinx Spartan 6 series XC6SLX9 board module and a microcontroller boar

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Ivanović, Stefan, Marko Marković, Sava Stanišić, Kristina Živanović, and Dimitrije Kolašinac. "Desktop application for crypto-protected voice communication." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 72, no. 1 (2024): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg72-48208.

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Introduction/purpose: All data exchanged over the Internet as well as other computer networks should be considered exposed to various types of security threats. In light of this, the transmission of voice over applications that do not use any type of crypto-protection allows anyone to discern the content of communication. Since voice transmission requires as little delay as possible, various protocols are used to enable crypto protected real-time communication. This paper presents one solution in a desktop application variant. Methods: The essence in voice exchange systems as well as in other

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Wijayanti, Rieke, M. Syirajuddin S, Abdul Rasyid, and Ahmad Wilda Y. "IoT Microcontroller Application Prototype as Data Transceiver from Network to USB Device." Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) 7, no. 1 (2023): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29207/resti.v7i1.4555.

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Telecommunications technology in the early 2000s until now has experienced a rapid increase. Starting with complex devices to microcomputer devices that are able to connect to the network. With the development of networking technology, it will leave behind non-network-support devices that can still be used. The existence of previous research on "The interface between the IoT microcontroller (ESP32) and the Max3421e USB Host" can be taken advantage of developing a device that can facilitate a non-support-network device into a support-network electronic device. So that non-support-network electr

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Sheybani, Ehsan, and Giti Javidi. "GUI Design Considerations for Hyperspectral Microwave Atmospheric Sounder." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 10, no. 2 (2018): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2018040104.

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This article contains information on how the Hyperspectral Microwave Atmospheric Sounder is the next step in technology for weather and climate missions. This technology can help improve both the vertical and horizontal resolutions of the atmosphere. Hyperspectral microwave describes an all-weather sounding that acts just like hyperspectral infrared sounders. In hyperspectral infrared sounders clouds decease the accuracy of the results, this is a big reason hyperspectral microwave are considered necessary. Hyperspectral measurements allow the user to determine the Earth's temperature with vert

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Arshad, Jehangir, Musharraf Aziz, Asma A. Al-Huqail, et al. "Implementation of a LoRaWAN Based Smart Agriculture Decision Support System for Optimum Crop Yield." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (2022): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020827.

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A majority of the population of developing countries is associated with agriculture directly or indirectly. The liaison of engineering technology and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can build a bridge for farmers to enhance their skills regarding advancements through future generation agriculture trends. The next-generation trends include better soil preparation, intelligent irrigation systems, advanced methods of crop nutrient inspection, smart fertilizers applications, and multi-cropping practices. This work proposes a smart Decision Support System (DSS) that acquires the input paramete

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Singh, D. Joseph Sunder, and Mrs L. Padmalatha. "Development of HTTP Server for Remote Data Monitoring and Recording System." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 11, no. 4 (2013): 2440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v11i4.3127.

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This paper focuses on development of remote data monitoring and recording system in industries. Now a days we are using many Networked embedded systems for monitoring and control the home or industrial devices.These low cost devices are capable of reporting and receiving information in just the same way that computers on a network. The advent of Internet communication standard, TCP/IP, offers significant potential in terms of remote monitoring and management of construction sites using embedded systems. In this paper the design method of low cost system of remote data monitoring, and recording

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Naga Praneeth Yerram. "Understanding SIP and VoIP: Fundamental Technologies in Modern Communication Systems." International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology 10, no. 6 (2024): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/cseit241061111.

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This comprehensive article examines the fundamental technologies driving modern unified communications, specifically Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) systems. The article analyzes SIP's technical framework and architecture, exploring its critical role in establishing, maintaining, and terminating multimedia communication sessions across IP networks. The investigation delves into VoIP's technical foundations, examining digital voice transmission processes, infrastructure components, and economic implications in enterprise deployments. Through detailed ca

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Younes, Osama, and Umar Albalawi. "Securing Session Initiation Protocol." Sensors 22, no. 23 (2022): 9103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239103.

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The session initiation protocol (SIP) is widely used for multimedia communication as a signaling protocol for managing, establishing, maintaining, and terminating multimedia sessions among participants. However, SIP is exposed to a variety of security threats. To overcome the security flaws of SIP, it needs to support a number of security services: authentication, confidentiality, and integrity. Few solutions have been introduced in the literature to secure SIP, which can support these security services. Most of them are based on internet security standards and have many drawbacks. This work i

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Prof. Meet Patel. "Gateway between XMPP & SIP for Extensible Messaging and Voice over IP." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, no. 09 (2020): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060928.

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Services and applications for real-time communications are developed during the last decade in two different contexts with almost opposite approaches. On the one hand, tele-communications companies have developed technologies supported the session initiation protocol (SIP), within the first place to re-implement the normal telephony service on the web, infrastructure, thus replacing the expensive circuit-switched network, but also enabling new communication channels like presence sharing and instant messaging. On the opposite hand, communities of open source developers have driven the evolutio

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Montazerolghaem, Ahmadreza, Seyed-Amin Hosseini-Seno, Mohammad Hossein Yaghmaee, and Rahmat Budiarto. "High Load Control Mechanism for SIP Servers." Computer Engineering and Applications Journal 5, no. 2 (2016): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18495/comengapp.v5i2.167.

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To start voice, image, instant messaging, and generally multimedia communication, session communication must begin between two participants. SIP (session initiation protocol) that is an application layer control induces management and terminates this kind of sessions. As far as the independence of SIP from transport layer protocols is concerned, SIP messages can be transferred on a variety of transport layer protocols including TCP or UDP. Mechanism of Retransmission that is embedded in SIP could compensate for the missing packet loss, in case of need. This mechanism is applied when SIP messag

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Azrour, Mourade, Mohammed Ouanan, and Yousef Farhaoui. "SIP Authentication Protocols Based On Elliptic Curve Cryptography: Survey and comparison." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 4, no. 1 (2016): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v4.i1.pp231-239.

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<p>Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is the most popular signaling protocol using in order to establish, modify and terminate the session multimedia between different participants. It was selected by the Third Generation Project Partnership (3GPP) as a multimedia application protocol in 3G mobile networks. SIP is the protocol currently used for signaling ToIP calls. The security of SIP is becoming more and more important. Authentication is the most important security service required by SIP. To ensure a secured communication, many SIP authentication protocols have been proposed. This wor

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Bhatti, David Samuel, Salbia Sidrat, Shahzad Saleem, et al. "Performance analysis: Securing SIP on multi-threaded/multi-core proxy server using public keys on Diffie–Hellman (DH) in single and multi-server queuing scenarios." PLOS ONE 19, no. 1 (2024): e0293626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293626.

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The rapid replacement of PSTN with VOIP networks indicates the definitive phase-out of the PBX/PABX with smartphone-based VOIP technology that uses WLAN connectivity for local communication; however, security remains a key issue, regardless of the communication coverage area. Session initiation protocol (SIP) is one of the most widely adopted VOIP connection establishment protocols but requires added security. On the Internet, different security protocols, such as HTTPS (SSL/TLS), IPSec, and S/MIME, are used to protect SIP communication. These protocols require sophisticated infrastructure and

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Sanyal, Rajarshi. "ISDN User Part Traffic Optimization in the SS7 Network." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 5, no. 4 (2013): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2013100104.

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The state of the art Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile core networks predominantly use Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) for transporting voice across networks. Voice-over-LTE (VoLTE) designed for LTE network based on an IP Multimedia System (IMS)) framework is the key to enriched voice communication services for the next generation networks. Emerging technologies like Rich Communication Suite, Web Real-Time Communication (WebRTC) will impart a new dimension to voice communications and harmonise voice and value added services. Many of the mobile networks a

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Thet, Zaw Aye. "Performance Analysis between H.323 and SIP over VoIP." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 5 (2019): 1324–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3590715.

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There are a number of protocols that may be employed in order to provide the Voice over IP VoIP communication services. In VoIP system, H.323 and Session Initiation Protocol SIP are the two major standards. Both of these signaling protocols provide mechanisms for multimedia teleconferencing services. Although the two protocols architecture is quite similar, they have many differences. This system presents Voice Video over IP communication and summarizes the differences and performance of two major VoIP protocols, H.323 and SIP according to the packet delay variation, jitter, packet loss, and P

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Zhu, Lian Peng, Shu Ming Jiang, Ying Xia Zhu, Jiang Zhou Zhang, and Wei He. "Research on Standard Domain and Non Standard Domain Based on SIP Protocol." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 1844–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1844.

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SIP protocol is a for the establishment, change and terminate multimedia session control protocol of application layer, based on the analysis of SIP protocol stack, in view of the non SIP video communication field has designed a communication strategy, achieved with the standard SIP domain as well as the standard SIP device and the existing non SIP domain communication, makes SIP protocol is compatible with existing video scheduling system, enhances the use range, avoid re design of non SIP domain, and the validation and application in the bus company project.

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Pidpaly, Oleksandr. "Improving sip trunking services with cloud-based SBC: Performance analysis and optimisation strategies." Вісник Черкаського державного технологічного університету 28, no. 4 (2023): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.62660/2306-4412.4.2023.36-49.

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In modern telecommunications networks, session initiation protocol trunking is an important technology for voice and video communication over Internet protocol networks. Cloud-based session boundary controllers play a key role in ensuring security and quality of service but there are challenges to their performance and optimisation, especially as data volume and users grow. The purpose of this study is to develop a strategy for achieving efficient and scalable session initiation protocol trunking services in cloud environments. Methods of theoretical analysis and practical experiments are used

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Min, Shi. "SIP network secure communication model based on improved SIP protocol." International Journal of Autonomous and Adaptive Communications Systems 14, no. 1/2 (2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaacs.2021.114271.

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Shi, Min. "SIP Network Secure Communication Model Based on Improved SIP Protocol." International Journal of Autonomous and Adaptive Communications Systems 14, no. 1/2 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaacs.2021.10032394.

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Segec, Pavel, and Tatiana Kovacikova. "A Survey of Open Source Products for Building a SIP Communication Platform." Advances in Multimedia 2011 (2011): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/372591.

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The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a multimedia signalling protocol that has evolved into a widely adopted communication standard. The integration of SIP into existing IP networks has fostered IP networks becoming a convergence platform for both real-time and non-real-time multimedia communications. This converged platform integrates data, voice, video, presence, messaging, and conference services into a single network that offers new communication experiences for users. The open source community has contributed to SIP adoption through the development of open source software for both SIP

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