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1
Berggren, Åsa. "The relevance of stratigraphy." Archaeological Dialogues 16, no. 1 (June 2009): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s138020380900275x.
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Not all archaeological remains cause discussions concerning stratigraphy. In Sweden, for example, intense stratigraphy discussions have taken place among archaeologists working mainly with urban sites (see e.g. Larsson 2004), and many of the illustrative examples in the text by McAnany and Hodder are rather well-preserved remains with complex stratigraphic sequences. This is, of course, due to the fact that different remains are stratified to different extents and are thus valued differently regarding this issue. Poorly preserved, sketchy remains scattered in the ground may lack complex stratigraphic relations and are regarded as less relevant for this discussion. However, all archaeological remains have some stratigraphical relation and – as McAnany and Hodder mention – interpretation of stratigraphic sequences is a part of archaeological identity. A greater interest in how stratigraphic sequences are formed in social terms should be relevant for all archaeologists. I believe that archaeologists working with complex stratigraphic sequences, and those who work with less stratified remains, have something to gain from this discussion, but in different ways. McAnany and Hodder state that stratigraphy may be both overdescribed and undertheorized. The problem of overdescription concerns complex stratigraphies, while I think less stratified remains are suffering from a lack of discussion concerning stratigraphy all together.
2
Wu, He Yuan, and Bin Hao. "Third-Order Sequence Division of Yunmengshan and Baicaoping Formation of Proterozoic in Yuxi District of China: an Example from Xiatang Profile in Lushan." Advanced Materials Research 998-999 (July 2014): 1492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.998-999.1492.
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There are controversies on the Proterozoic stratigraphic genesis, division, correlation and palaeogeographical evolution of western Henan in China. Based on the basic description of sedimentary facies, Yunmengshan and Baicaoping formation of Proterozoic typical section in western Henan is divided into 4 third-order sequences. Sequence stratigraphy framework which reflects sedimentary and overlap is established with basis of two kinds of facies-change surface and two kinds of diachrononism in stratigraphical records. Although chronostratigraphic belonging of Precambrian strata is controversial and Precambrian sequential stratigraphic study is tremendously challenging, the establishment of sequence stratigraphy framework of proterozoic Yunmengshan and Baicaoping formation in western Henan provides actual data to reshape palaeogeographic pattern of Palaeoproterozoic North China craton. What is more, it becomes a typical example of characteristics and exploration of stratigraphic accumulation under the background of tidal action.
3
Kröger, Björn, and Kari Lintulaakso. "The Problem of Stratigraphical Time Grouping of Earth Science Data." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 3 (June 18, 2019): e36981. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.36981.
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An essential aspect of earth science data is the age they represent. The age, in most cases, is not a simple time stamp measured in years, but often specified as a stratigraphic interval or unit. Numerous schemes exist for age attribution in geological data, referring to various methods of e.g. biostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, sequence-stratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy. Furthermore, opinions about the relationships between the stratigraphical units differ from author to author and are in a steady historical flux. New stratigraphic units become established and old ones are abandoned. This is a challenge for databases that rely on fixed standards. However, all stratigraphic schemes can be conceptualized as a system of unique names related by opinions and expressed in publications. A database (http://rnames.luomus.fi) linking the names of stratigraphic units with referenced (published) opinions would allow for the development of dynamic models for time grouping based on explicit algorithms. We will present and discuss our database approach to tackle this problem.
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Helwing, Barbara. "What's the news? Thinking about McAnany and Hodder's ‘Thinking about stratigraphic sequence in social terms’." Archaeological Dialogues 16, no. 1 (June 2009): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203809002761.
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New thoughts about the use of archaeological stratigraphies! Is this so? The discussion article by Patricia A. McAnany and Ian Hodder aims at the construction of a theoretical framework to expound and discuss the problems of archaeological stratigraphy. Such a theoretical framework is urgently needed, they feel, and has been largely neglected until now. Reading and interpreting an archaeological stratigraphic record, if carried out according to the guidelines they try to establish, may reveal much more information about past social processes that led to the formation of the specific stratigraphy. In the authors' own words, ‘thinking about stratigraphic sequence in social terms is more than an academic exercise’ (quoted from abstract). As the record left behind by ancient communities, archaeological stratigraphies, in their view, take a middle place on a scale from micro-records endowed with meaning (artefacts) to macro-records of contextual meaning preserved in archaeological landscapes. The in-between, the immediate residues of meaningful past human behaviour encapsulated in archaeological sites, remain, in their view, undertheorized.
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Sharpe, David R., and Peter J. Barnett. "Significance of Sedimentological Studies on the Wisconsinan Stratigraphy of Southern Ontario." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 39, no. 3 (December 4, 2007): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032607ar.
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ABSTRACTDetailed facies mapping along Lake Erie and Lake Ontario Bluffs, plus other studies illustrate that sedimentological studies, especially those with geomorphic or landform control, have had three main effects on the Wisconsinan stratigraphy of Ontario: (1) improved understanding of depositional processes and environments of several major rock stratigraphic units, without altering the stratigraphic framework, (2) aided correlation of drift sequences, and (3) questioned previous interpretations and stratigraphic correlations of drift sequences. Thus sedimentological analysis can not be separated from stratigraphy because the interpretation of depositional environnments of many mapped strata relies on their geometry and the inclusion of regional data. The geomorphic control provided by sedimentological study of surface landforms is also important because assessment of older buried sediments such as those at the Scarborough Bluffs has been hampered by the failure to determine landform control. The Late Wisconsinan stratigraphy of Southern Ontario generally remains unchanged, except for questions on the role of climate versus ice margin dynamics. The pre-Late Wisconsinan stratigraphy is scarce and not well defined, yet sedimentary studies support the presence of glacial ice in the Ontario Lake basin for all of the Middle Wisconsinan and possibly earlier, including the formation of the Scarborough delta. Large channel cut and fill sequences in the Toronto area (Pottery Road Formation), initially interpreted as resulting from subaerial erosion, were probably formed by subaqueous or subglacial meltwater erosion. If so, the pre-Late Wisconsinan stratigraphy in southern Ontario changes because the Pottery Road Formation may not be an Early Wisconsinan correlative of the St. Pierre beds. The channel example illustrates that stratigraphie correlation without sedimentological investigations may be misleading.
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Muljana, Budi. "PERKEMBANGAN SANDI STRATIGRAFI INDONESIA: Sandi Stratigrafi Indonesia 1973-1996-2023." Bulletin of Scientific Contribution 22, no. 2 (August 7, 2024): 113–26. https://doi.org/10.24198/bsc.v22i2.55891.
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AbstrakRevisi Sandi Stratigrafi Indonesia berkorelasi dengan perkembangan data serta konsep keilmuan khususnya stratigrafi. Seiring juga dengan pola pemikiran dalam memahami serta memberlakukan data-data stratigrafi. Selama perkembangan Sandi Stratigrafi Indonesia 1973 kemudian 1996 dan yang terakhir 2023, telah mengalami banyak sekali perubahan paragdigma konsep stratigrafi. Mulai dari pendekatan deskriftif atau yang sering disebut dengan stratigrafi tradisional ke pendekatan deterministic atau sampai ke prediktif atau sering juga disebut dengan stratigrafi modern. Tulisan ini ingin memberikan informasi bahwa perkembangan Sandi Stratigrafi Indonesia hamper 50 tahun ini. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengakomodir perkembangan data, metode dan konsep stratigrafi.Kata kunci : Sandi Stratigrafi Indonesia, Stratigrafi tradisonal, Stratigrafi modern AbstractStratigraphic Indonesian Codes revision correlate with the development of data and knowledge concept, especially in stratigraphy. It is related to the point of view within to understand and interpret for all stratigraphic data. During the development of Stratigraphic Indonesian Code starting from 1973, 1996 and the last 2023, has changed the outlook paradigm of stratigraphic concepts. Starting on descriptive approaching point view or it’s called a traditional stratigraphy to deterministic or predictive interpretations or called as a modern stratigraphy. This paper tries to give brief information about the developments of Stratigraphic Indonesian Codes almost during 50th years. The main point is to be able accommodate the data, methods, and stratigraphic concept development.Keywords: Stratigraphic Indonesian Codes, traditional stratigraphy, modern stratigraphy
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Sennikov, N. V., O. T. Obut, N. G. Izokh, A. V. Timokhin, Yu F. Filippov, T. P. Kipriyanova, E. V. Lykova, et al. "THE REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC CHART FOR THE ORDOVICIAN OF THE WEST SIBERIAN LOWLAND." Geology and mineral resources of Siberia, no. 3 (2023): 3–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20403/2078-0575-2023-3-3-39.
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A new version of the Regional stratigraphic chart for the Ordovician of the West Siberian Lowland and the explanatory note, compiled in accordance with the Russian Stratigraphic Code, introduce changes, additional and specified data in comparison with the previous (first edition) chart. Since 1998, the stages of the Ordovician chart were changed completely. New stages – Tremadocian, Floian, Dapingian, Darriwilian, Sandbian, Katian and Hirnantian were adopted by Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee of Russia. The independent Regional Stratigraphic Scheme for the Devonian of the West Siberian Lowland and the Regional Stratigraphic Scheme for the Cambrian of the Pre-Yenisei Part of West Siberian Lowland were adopted. The proposed scheme for the Ordovician of West Siberian Lowland fills the lower part of the Ordovician-Silurian interval for the West Siberia. New paleontological, stratigraphical, lithological, seismo-stratigraphical data for the Ordovician of the West Siberian Lowland were obtained and generalized. For the first time independent Regional stratigraphic chart for the Ordovician of the West Siberian Lowland was compiled.
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Ganelin, V. G., and Yu B. Gladenkov. "Geohistorical Stratigraphy and Stratigraphic Guides." Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 26, no. 2 (March 2018): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0869593818020028.
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Šeirienė, Vaida, Tatjana Rylova, Alexander Karabanov, Valentinas Baltrūnas, Irina Savchenko, Bronislavas Karmaza, Svetlana Demidova, and Dalia Kisielienė. "The Pleistocene stratigraphy of the south-eastern sector of the Scandinavian glaciation (Belarus and Lithuania) in the light of new data." Baltica 28, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2015.28.06.
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The paper summarises geological and palaeobotanical investigation data on Pleistocene sediments of recent decades in Lithuania and Belarus. The main problems in Pleistocene stratigraphy and correlation of sections are discussed. As a result the chronostratigraphical correlation chart of Lithuania and Belarus is presented and some changes in local stratigraphic schemes proposed. The majority of the stratigraphical units is comparable and correlates well however some unsolved stratigraphical problems still exist. To solve these problems additional very detail investigations are needed by applying the new modern methods. The lack of the absolute dates of the Pleistocene sediments is the main problem in both countries.
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Wu, Heyuan, Muneeb Khan, and Ping Song. "Sequence Stratigraphy towards its standardization—an important scientific scheme." E3S Web of Conferences 131 (2019): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913101034.
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In the Post-Exxon Era of sequence stratigraphy, various sequence models for the complex stratigraphic records with their response mechanisms are developed. All the models with strong pertinence are endowed, which lead to misapprehension in the conceptual system. Therefore, the standardization of sequence stratigraphy with the aim to provide consistency in the terminology has become an important motive of modern sequence. During the development of sequence stratigraphy, the identification and distinction between normal and forced regression have laid important foundation for the system description of sequence development. This becomes the first step towards the standardization because of model-independent nature. The introduction of model-independent unconventional system tracts in fluvial sequence models, which are low- and high-accommodation system tracts, which turn out to be another successful attempt of towards the standardization of sequence stratigraphy. The four parts of stratigraphic records, which include the complexity and cyclicity in the stratigraphic accumulation process; the non-gradual change and the non-integrity of the stratigraphic records; the variability represented by the diversity of the sequence models and the nature of standardization including variability, will provide more clues and approaches for further sequence stratigraphy development
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Altermann, W., S. McCourt, and F. Roelofse. "Proposal for the 5th adjustment and modification of the South African Code of Stratigraphic Terminology and Nomenclature." South African Journal of Geology 127, no. 4 (December 1, 2024): 797–802. https://doi.org/10.25131/sajg.127.0041.
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Summary This paper provides a proposal of guidelines for the removal of offensive and discriminatory names from the terminology used in South African stratigraphy which shall serve as an amendment to the official South African Stratigraphic Code. It further presents a short overview of the activities and developments of the South African Committee for Stratigraphy, its responsibilities, duties and goals. The South African Committee for Stratigraphy (SACS) is a scientific, non-government organisation. It ascribes to the guidelines of the International Subcommission on Stratigraphic Classification (ISSC) of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). SACS regulates the stratigraphic nomenclature and definition of lithostratigraphic and lithodemic rock units and unconsolidated geological deposits and soils in South Africa. In conjunction with the Council for Geoscience (CGS), SACS has established and published the stratigraphic classification and nomenclature of geological units and maintained a database of their attributes and correlates over more than five decades. During this time span, the South African Code of Stratigraphic Terminology and Nomenclature as established in 1971 by SACS, required several amendments in response to new scientific developments. With time, political views have changed, and South Africa became a democratic country. These developments, once more, urgently demand changes to the names of stratigraphic units (and geographic names) as recorded in the “Lexicon of South African Stratigraphy” (Joubert and Johnson, 1998) and in other publications, because of their discriminatory and offending character, sometimes perceived as racist, by various groups of people. However, the necessary changes must be in accordance with the national and international rules of lithostratigraphic and lithodemic nomenclature. To accommodate these changes, it is necessary to amend the official SACS Code of Stratigraphic Terminology and Nomenclature for South Africa. The herewith proposed 5th Adjustment and Modification of the Code of Stratigraphic Terminology and Nomenclature for South Africa reflects the consensus opinion of experts, reached in correspondence between SACS members from academia, the CGS, the Geological Society of South Africa (GSSA) and industry, and was approved at a special SACS meeting on the 12 January 2023, during the GSSA’s Geocongress 2023 at Stellenbosch University. Following on the above, this publication documents the amendment of the Guidelines 1, 3, 4 and 7 of § 3.4 of the South African Code of Stratigraphic Terminology and Nomenclature and sets forth changes related to the process which must be followed for the official approval of new stratigraphic nomenclature in South Africa. Only when the relevant proposal for the renaming of any stratigraphic unit has been discussed and approved by SACS and published in the South African Journal of Geology (SAJG), will such changes become part of the official SACS nomenclature.
12
Fortey, Richard A. "Trilobite Evolution and Systematics." Short Courses in Paleontology 3 (1990): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475263000001732.
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Trilobites are the most diverse of extinct arthropod groups, being known from several thousand genera; many more are discovered each year. They range in age from near the base of the shell-bearing Cambrian to high in the Permian. Because many trilobites evolved quickly, they have been widely employed in stratigraphy; in the Cambrian they are possibly the most important stratigraphical fossils. This has been a mixed blessing because some experts studying the group have tended to place stratigraphical utility foremost in their taxonomic methods. Stratigraphical boundaries have become taxonomic boundaries. This might not matter for stratigraphy, but it does matter for the other kinds of paleobiological studies which have recently become the center of attention. How, for example, can one study extinction, unless the groups extinguished are natural, monophyletic groups? The extinction of an arbitrary phylogenetic segment at a stratigraphic boundary tells us nothing.
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Zalasiewicz, Jan, Will Steffen, Reinhold Leinfelder, Mark Williams, and Colin Waters. "Petrifying Earth Process: The Stratigraphic Imprint of Key Earth System Parameters in the Anthropocene." Theory, Culture & Society 34, no. 2-3 (February 13, 2017): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276417690587.
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The Anthropocene concept arose within the Earth System science (ESS) community, albeit explicitly as a geological (stratigraphical) time term. Its current analysis by the stratigraphical community, as a potential formal addition to the Geological Time Scale, necessitates comparison of the methodologies and patterns of enquiry of these two communities. One means of comparison is to consider some of the most widely used results of the ESS, the ‘planetary boundaries’ concept of Rockström and colleagues, and the ‘Great Acceleration’ graphs of Steffen and colleagues, in terms of their stratigraphical expression. This expression varies from virtually non-existent (stratospheric ozone depletion) to pronounced and many-faceted (primary energy use), while in some cases stratigraphical proxies may help constrain anthropogenic process (atmospheric aerosol loading). The Anthropocene concepts of the ESS and stratigraphy emerge as complementary, and effective stratigraphic definition should facilitate wider transdisciplinary communication.
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Miall, Andrew D. "Empiricism and model building in stratigraphy: The historical roots of present-day practices." Stratigraphy 1, no. 1 (2004): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29041/strat.01.1.01.
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The science of Stratigraphy has, since its inception in the late eighteenth century, been characterized by two contrasting research modes or "cognitive styles" (Rudwick 1982). Empirical (inductive) descriptive stratigraphy began with William Smith, led to the establishment of a data base of stratigraphic units (Murchison, Sedgwick, Lapworth), and formed the basis for modern work to establish and refine a detailed chronostratigraphic time scale (Van Hinte, Berggren). Other workers (Hutton, Lyell, Darwin, Chamberlin, Ulrich, Umbgrove, Sloss, Vail) have sought to identify underlying geological controls, and have built deductive models to explain earth processes, beginning with Hutton's uniformitarianism. Many such models sought evidence of regularity or cyclicity in earth processes ("the pulse of the earth"), including the modern "global-eustasy" model of Vail. There is an ever present danger that models can drive the analysis and presentation of data, particularly where stratigraphic models have been invoked to explain, clarify or codify the stratigraphic record. These problems are not new. Attempts to apply European chronostratigraphic units to North American stratigraphy in the early twentieth century were accompanied by expectations that unit boundaries would be marked by lithologic events, such as unconformities. These expectations were not supported, and this may have been the basis for North American attempts to establish alternative stratigraphies, including what became sequence stratigraphy. Ulrich (1911) thought that stratigraphic successions were created by "diastrophic cycles", and was concerned that regional correlations of these successions did not appear to be supported by the biostratigraphic evidence. Barrell (1917) was one of the first to understand the problems created by the lack of representation of long intervals of time in the geologic record, and developed ideas concerning the relationship between base level change and sedimentation that we now term �accommodation.†Modern work on the chronostratigraphic time scale is based on empirical principles, culminating in the definition of global section and boundary stratotypes for the major chronostratigraphic units. However, a controversy has recently arisen over the preference by some geologists to use distinctive marker events to define boundaries. In some cases, this involves introducing hypotheses about the global extent and geological superiority of such events, rather than relying on the accumulated historical record of biostratigraphic and other data.
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Mai, Hoàng Đảm, and Thị Thắm Nguyễn. "Biostratigraphic characteristics and correction of the boundary between Miocene and Oligocene sediments in the northern Malay - Tho Chu basin." Petrovietnam Journal 5 (July 4, 2022): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47800/pvj.2022.05-03.
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Stratigraphic study in oil and gas wells is dependent on the research method and the characteristics of the collected samples, such as sample types and spaces between samples, that is why the stratigraphic boundary of the wells may fluctuate in a certain sedimentary range. Therefore, when re-evaluating the hydrocarbon potential or expanding the petroleum exploration targets of an area, we need to study additional evidence and geological events to correct the stratigraphic boundary of the well and correlate regional stratigraphy. These studies often use biostratigraphic and seismic stratigraphic methods.
 This paper provides evidence on biostratigraphy to correct the stratigraphic boundary between Miocene and Oligocene sediments in the northern Malay - Tho Chu basin and compares them with the general stratigraphy of the Malay basin. The research results determined that the top of the Oligocene sediment after correcting is higher than what was specified in the previous studies based on marker fossil findings in a palynomorph abundance cycle; and there are similar biostratigraphic characteristics between the studied area and the Malay basin.
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May, Steven R., Robert F. Butler, and Frances A. Roth. "Magnetic polarity stratigraphy and stratigraphic completeness." Geophysical Research Letters 12, no. 6 (June 1985): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl012i006p00341.
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Ross, W. C. "Cyclic stratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, and stratigraphic modeling from 1964 to 1989: Twenty-five years of progress?" Bulletin (Kansas Geological Survey), no. 233 (April 16, 2024): 3–8. https://doi.org/10.17161/kgsbulletin.no.233.20445.
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The evolution of concept development in stratigraphy between 1964 and 1989 is reviewed by comparing and contrasting the contents of the golden book volume on cyclic stratigraphy (Merriam, 1964) with the present volume. Although separated by more than 25 years, both volumes treat strikingly similar subject material with an emphasis on cyclic stratigraphy, time stratigraphy, and the genetics of basin fill. The collection of papers found in the earlier volume reflects the culmination of work from the most prominent stratigraphers of the 1940's through the early 1960's, a period strongly affected by the principles of sequence stratigraphy. Workers from this generation established many of the fundamental stratigraphic concepts that we view as modem. During the mid-1960's and 1970's emphasis shifted to research on facies models, and with few exceptions stratigraphic cyclicity, sequence stratigraphy, and the genetics of basin fill processes were scarcely considered. With the advent of seismic stratigraphy, in the late 1970's, sequence stratigraphy was reborn, and with it a new generation of researchers focusing on the genetics of basin fill. The earlier book and the present volume reflect two distinct episodes of stratigraphic concept development related to two separate episodes in the history of sequence stratigraphy. In contrast to the authors of the golden book, genetic stratigraphers in the present volume have the advantage of computer-based stratigraphic modeling tools. Armed with these tools and the body of knowledge about facies models accumulated in the past 25 years, the geologic community is poised to make great strides in the development of powerful predictive models for sedimentary basin evolution.
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Didei, I. S., and N. E. Ajaegwu. "Palynological and Sequence Stratigraphy Framework of Campanian-Maastrichtian Deposit of Anambra Basin, Awgu Section, Southeast Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 28, no. 6 (June 21, 2024): 1697–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v28i6.7.
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A combination of palynological and palynofacies data are used as lithological evidence to describe sequence stratigraphic framework. Hence, the objective of this paper as to deploy the palynological and sequence stratigraphy framework of Campanian-Maastrichtian deposit of Anambra Basin, Awgu Section, Southeast Nigeria using standard techniques. The sequence stratigraphic analysis of the various succession in the studied outcrop sections identified parasequences limited by flooding surfaces with no evidence of erosion. The Nkporo and Mamu Formations were dated using the associated palynomorphs. The Anambra Basin show some complexity in terms of depositional style, sequence stratigraphy and control during the early and post infill of the structurally control basin. The outcrop sections logged reveals the presence of key stratigraphic surfaces and system tracts. The results from this study provides useful information of reservoir and seal rocks that are essential for hydrocarbon accumulation and stratigraphic trapping on the bases of the alternating high stand, low stand and transgressive system tracts.
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Ripepe, Maurizio, and Alfred G. Fischer. "Stratigraphic rhythms synthesized from orbital variations." Bulletin (Kansas Geological Survey), no. 233 (April 16, 2024): 335–44. https://doi.org/10.17161/kgsbulletin.no.233.20466.
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Previous work on a pelagic stratigraphic sequence in the Middle Cretaceous (Albian) of Italy, about 100 Ma, defined a hierarchy of oscillations. These were identified as variations in carbonate productivity and bottom fauna linked to seafloor aeration. The sequence geometry suggests response to orbitally driven climatic variations, reflecting Berger's precession index, which depicts the precession cycle as a carrier wave modulated by orbital eccentricity. Here we use Berger's astronomic precession index curve for the past 1,500 k.y. in combination with the stratigraphic data to construct a forward model of sedimentation and stratigraphy. The precession index curve serves as a point of departure, and modeling proceeds in three steps: (1) conversion of the precession index into a curve of sedimentation rates through time, using the flux rates calculated from the stratigraphy and applied in a nonlinear way; (2) conversion of that curve into an ideal stratigraphy in which the time dimension is changed into the spatial dimension of stratigraphy; and (3) modification of this stratigraphy by bioturbation as a nonlinear function of seafloor aeration. This computer simulation produces a reasonably good match to the observed stratigraphy. Perhaps more important is the insight gained into changes in the distribution of spectral power; whereas the power of the precession index lies wholly in the precessional terms, that of the stratigraphic sequence lies largely in the eccentricity frequencies. Our model shows how power is transferred from one to the other in each of the three steps. The spectrum of the ultimate stratigraphy synthesized is essentially identical with that of the natural sequence.
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Guan, Xiaowei, Qian Meng, Chuanjin Jiang, Xinyu Liu, and Menglu Han. "Research and Application of Globally Optimized Sequence Stratigraphic Seismic Interpretation Technology: Taking the Lower Cretaceous Shahezi Formation of Xujiaweizi Fault Depression as an Example." Geofluids 2021 (September 15, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7564374.
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In the study of sequence stratigraphy in continental rift basins, the use of seismic data to track different levels of sequence stratigraphic boundaries laterally is the key to the division of sequence stratigraphic units at all levels and the establishment of an isochronous sequence stratigraphic framework. Traditional seismic interpretation and the establishment of a 3D sequence stratigraphic structure model are a difficult research work. This paper introduces the concept of cost function minimization and performs global stratigraphic scanning on 3D seismic data to interpret horizons and faults in a large grid. Constrained by the results, human-computer interactive intelligent interpretation, by adding iterative interpretation of geological knowledge, established a global stratigraphic model with a relative geological age. The application in the Lower Cretaceous Shahezi Formation of Xujiaweizi fault depression shows that this technology has improved the accuracy and efficiency of sequence stratigraphic interpretation, and the application of this technology has achieved the interpretation of each event horizon under the current seismic data resolution conditions. In this way, a continuous sequence stratigraphic model is established. From this stratigraphic model, any high-frequency sequence-interpreted seismic horizon can be extracted, which provides a basis for the combination of lateral resolution and longitudinal resolution of subsequent reservoir prediction.
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Prather, Bradford E., Oriol Falivene, and Peter M. Burgess. "Stratigraphic analysis of XES02: Implications for the sequence stratigraphic paradigm." Journal of Sedimentary Research 92, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 934–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2022.008.
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ABSTRACT Sequence stratigraphy has the potential to provide a consistent method for integrating data, correlating strata, defining stratigraphic evolution, and generating quantifiable predictions. However, the consistent application requires a precise definition of concepts, stratigraphic units, bounding surfaces, and workflow. Currently no single generally accepted approach to sequence stratigraphic analysis exists, nor are there any robust tests of models and methods. Applying conventional sequence stratigraphic analysis to strata from an analog laboratory experiment (eXperimental EarthScape02, XES02) with known boundary conditions and chronology provides some initial robust testing of the models and methods. Despite stratigraphic architectures apparently consistent with those expected within the sequence stratigraphic paradigm, blind-test applications yield: 1) deducted erroneous base-level curves, 2) systems-tract classification mismatches, 3) disconnected systems-tracts type and actual base level, 4) time-transgressive basin-floor fans, and 5) missing systems tracts. Stratigraphic forward models using base-level curves derived from Wheeler diagrams cannot match the timing, redeposited-sediment volume, and depositional environments observed in the XES02 experiment. These mismatches result from common Wheeler diagram construction practice, producing poorly resolved base-level minima timing and base-level fall durations, hence inaccurate fall rates. Consequently, reconstructions of controlling factors based on stratal architectures remain uncertain, making predictions similarly uncertain. A reasonable path forward is to properly acknowledge these uncertainties while performing stratigraphic analysis and to address them through multiple scenario analysis and modeling.
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Marks, Leszek, and Zdzisław Jary. "The Quaternary of Poland and its stratigraphic classification." Geographia Polonica 97, no. 3 (2024): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0277.
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Quaternary studies in Poland require an improved integration of lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, climatostratigraphy and isotope stratigraphy. The former Polish loess stratigraphic schemes are of historical significance and should be verified using new research methods and implementation of the international unified loess labelling system. Arbitrary stratigraphic correlations should be avoided and a reliable stratigraphic subdivision of the Quaternary of Poland should be based on recognized international standards as well as stratotype sections and areas. This is essential both for the Quaternary sciences themselves and for the needs of the society.
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Bennett, S. Christopher. "Inferring Stratigraphic Position of Fossil Vertebrates from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas." Bulletin (Kansas Geological Survey), no. 244 (September 28, 2000): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.17161/kgsbulletin.no.244.20396.
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The stratigraphy of the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas is well understood as a result of the work of Hattin (1982) and Stewart (1988). Marker units identified by Hattin (1982) allow quick determination of the stratigraphic position of a specific outcrop. This study demonstrates that it is now possible to determine the stratigraphic positions of specimens from locality data, thus permitting one to infer stratigraphic position of specimens collected long ago. This technique is particularly useful in the upper half of the Smoky Hill Chalk Member, where biostratigraphy is not informative. The stratigraphic distribution of the type skulls of the pterosaur Pteranodon is examined as an example of the procedure, which in turn demonstrates that the procedure can have the power to reject hypotheses. Inferring stratigraphic positions of fossil vertebrates may be useful in further studies of the large collections of fossil vertebrates from the Smoky Hill Chalk Member. In addition, examination of the stratigraphic distribution of outcrops of the Smoky Hill Chalk Member in western Kansas suggests that most of the fossil vertebrates collected from the member came from a rather restricted stratigraphic interval between Marker Units 15 and 20.
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Kreager, B. Z., N. D. LaDue, T. F. Shipley, R. D. Powell, and B. A. Hampton. "Spatial skill predicts success on sequence stratigraphic interpretation." Geosphere 18, no. 2 (February 25, 2022): 750–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02428.1.
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Abstract Sequence stratigraphic interpretation and three-dimensional spatial and spatiotemporal skills are considered important for the petroleum industry. However, little is known about the relationship between the two. This study begins to fill this gap by testing whether spatial skills predict success on a sequence stratigraphic interpretation task. Students in this study (N = 78) were enrolled in undergraduate or graduate stratigraphy-focused courses at three U.S. state universities. Students completed (1) a sequence stratigraphic interpretation task with a sequence stratigraphic diagram and Wheeler diagram and (2) two spatial skills tests. Findings of simple linear regressions show that both disembedding (extracting or finding a pattern among other features, which is typically assessed by the hidden-figures test) and mental folding and unfolding (as assessed by the surface development test) are predictive of student success on the full sequence stratigraphic interpretation task. A nested regression, entering mental folding as the initial variable and disembedding as the secondary variable, showed that mental folding and unfolding accounted for almost all of the variance accounted for by disembedding in the simple regression. This may reflect the need to employ disembedding for the test of mental folding. Because the test of disembedding and the test of mental folding and unfolding were correlated, the distinct role of disembedding in stratigraphy remains unclear. However, the results clearly show that mental folding and unfolding is related to student success in sequence stratigraphic interpretation. Future studies should characterize how students utilize these skills, try to determine the causal direction of this effect, and identify good practices for supporting students in the classroom.
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Seggie, R. J., S. C. Lang, N. M. Marshall, C. J. Cubitt, D. Alsop, R. Kirk, and S. Twartz. "INTEGRATED MULTI-DISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS OF THE RANKIN TREND GAS RESERVOIRS NORTH WEST SHELF, AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 47, no. 1 (2007): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj06003.
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An integrated geological study of the Rankin Trend of the North West Shelf, Australia, was undertaken to underpin the ongoing development of the giant gas fields it contains. The study applied an improved understanding ofthe regional stratigraphy in conjunction with interpretation of the regional-scale Demeter 3D seismic survey and focussed on existing fields, undeveloped discoveries, and exploration prospects. The study included a redescription of 1,500 m of core, a new facies-based petrological analysis, a revision of the well-based stratigraphy and palaeogeographic mapping, and a seismic stratigraphic analysis. Reservoir production and hydrodynamic data were also integrated. The stratigraphic framework was improved by implementing a broad range of depositional and facies analogues and a system-wide sequence stratigraphic approach to understanding lateral and vertical stacking patterns of the reservoir succession. Visualisation and modelling technologies were also employed to more adequately describe genetic reservoir packages.Specific outcomes include: improved correlation of reservoir sequences, application of appropriate subsurface depositional analogues to field descriptions, updated palaeogeographic maps and recognition of palaeosols as stratigraphic marker horizons—resulting in a more consistent regional interpretation framework. This forms the basis for seismic stratigraphic interpretation away from well control.The new regional geological model has enabled the linkage of exploration, development and production understanding across the North West Shelf assets as well as management of geological uncertainties.
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Xu, Haichun, Nan Wu, Xinyan Xu, Bo Yu, and Ke Xu. "Orbital-Scale Modulation of the Middle Miocene Third-Order Eustatic Sequences from the Northern South China Sea." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 5 (May 7, 2025): 921. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050921.
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The Miocene Hanjiang Formation (HJF) is a remarkable exploration target in the Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB). However, challenges such as bias in current sequence stratigraphic schemes, limitations in high-resolution stratigraphic schemes, and incomplete understanding of genetic mechanisms may present obstacles for refining hydrocarbon exploration strategies. This study integrates gamma ray (GR) logging data, lithological variations, sequence stratigraphy, and cyclostratigraphy to delineate connections between sequence stratigraphy and astronomical forcing. The analysis utilizes gamma-ray logging data from boreholes LFA (1250–1960 m) and LFB (1070–1955 m) in the HJF. We constructed an absolute astronomical time scale anchored at the HJF’s top boundary (10.221 ± 0.4 Ma), identifying 6 third-order sequences through detailed analysis. Notably, 18 long-eccentricity cycles (405 kyr) and distinctive 1.2-Myr obliquity modulation signals were detected in the stratigraphic record. Our study demonstrates distinct connection between third-order sequence boundaries and the 1.2-Myr obliquity cycles, congruent with both global eustatic sea-level fluctuations and regional sea-level changes in the PRMB. The integration of cyclostratigraphic methods with sequence stratigraphic analysis proves particularly valuable for objective stratigraphic subdivision and understanding third-order sequence evolution in the divergent continental margin settings of the South China Sea. This approach enhances temporal resolution on a regional scale while revealing astronomical forcing mechanisms governing sedimentary cyclicity.
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Kyrylyuk, V. P., and O. V. Gaiovskyi. "REGIONAL METAMORPHISM AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE BASEMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN SHIELD." Geological Journal, no. 1 (March 29, 2023): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30836/igs.1025-6814.2023.1.262162.
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Stratigraphic complexes of the Lower Precambrian are everywhere metamorphosed. Therefore, the stratigraphic subdivision of the Lower Precambrian has always been inextricably linked with the study of metamorphism. For some time, the degree of metamorphism of the complexes was even used as an indication of their relative age. With the beginning of the use of isotopic dating, this sign was not confirmed, after which the degree of metamorphism was no longer taken into account in the stratigraphic dismemberment of the shields basement. The degree of metamorphism of the complexes was no longer taken into account for a long time when compiling official stratigraphic schemes of the Precambrian of the Ukrainian Shield, which, in the opinion of many geologists, led to distortions of the real stratigraphy of the basement of this region. The authors of the article believe that the degree of metamorphism can still be used in the development of the stratigraphy of the Ukrainian Shield and, above all, in the stratigraphic study of individual megablocks. The possibility of such use of metamorphism is considered in the cycle of publications. This is the second article in the cycle. The first article describes the stratigraphy and metamorphism of all megablocks of the Ukrainian Shield. A number of conclusions have been made about the regularities of the manifestation of metamorphism. It is shown that older stratigenic complexes in each of the megablocks are characterized by higher temperature metamorphism. This pattern provides a basis for establishing the relative stratigraphic sequence of complexes within individual megablocks based on the degree of their metamorphism. At the same time, the distinctive features of the composition and metamorphism of the stratigenic complexes, according to the authors, are a reflection of the successive stages of the geological development of the Ukrainian Shield in the Early Precambrian and can serve as the basis for compiling of the regional stratigraphic scheme on a historical and geological basis. In this second article of the cycle, modern approaches to the geochronological periodization of the Precambrian are considered: a) geochronometric, adopted for the International “The Geological Time Scale” and b) historical-geological, which is the basis of the “General Stratigraphic Scale of the Lower Precambrian of Russia”. The current “Correlation Chronostratigraphic Scheme of the Early Precambrian of the Ukrainian Shield” is based on the geochronometric approach, which the authors, like many other researchers, consider unacceptable for practical use. The article proposes a variant of the regional stratigraphic scheme of the Ukrainian Shield on a historicalgeological basis, compiled at the level of complexes, which in the final version of the scheme can be divided into series and suites.
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Alekseev, Alexander S., Svetlana V. Nikolaeva, Nataliya V. Goreva, Nina B. Donova, Olga L. Kossovaya, Elena I. Kulagina, Nadezhda A. Kucheva, et al. "Russian regional Carboniferous stratigraphy." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 512, no. 1 (November 12, 2021): 49–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp512-2021-134.
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AbstractSeveral existing schemes for Carboniferous stratigraphy officially adopted in regions of the Russian Federation are summarized and discussed. These regions with different geological histories and distinct depositional settings include the Moscow Basin, the Urals, North Timan, Siberia, the Kuznetsk Basin and the Mongol–Okhotsk, Verkhoyansk–Okhotsk and Kolyma–Omolon regions. Broad correlations based on macro- and microfossils are possible between the regions, while all regional schemes are correlated to the official Russian General Stratigraphic Scheme for the Carboniferous, using zonations based on orthostratigraphic fossils. The Russian General Stratigraphic Scheme is correlated to the International Stratigraphic Scale using ammonoids, conodonts, foraminifers and palynomorphs.
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MacNaughton, Robert B., Lynn T. Dafoe, and James W. Haggart. "NORTH AMERICAN COMMISSION ON STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE Report 16 - Revision of Articles 7 and 20 of the North American Stratigraphic Code to Address Culturally Offensive or Inappropriate Unit Names and to Encourage the Use of Indigenous Place Names." Stratigraphy 21, no. 2 (2024): 169–77. https://doi.org/10.29041/strat.21.2.03.
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At the 78th Annual Meeting of the North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 16 October, 2023, a hybrid meeting hosted in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the Commission voted unanimously to accept the revision of Articles 7 and 20 of the North American Stratigraphic Code (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 2021) as printed below. These replace all older versions of the specified Articles. An application for this revision (MacNaughton et al. 2022) was published in Stratigraphy more than one year prior to the Annual Meeting; thus, the vote on this application for revision follows Article 21 of the Code.
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Reilly, Mark, Suzanne Hurter, Zsolt Hamerli, Claudio L. de Andrade Vieira Filho, Andrew LaCroix, and Sebastian Gonzalez. "An integrated approach to the Surat Basin stratigraphy." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18073.
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The stratigraphy of the Surat Basin, Queensland, has historically been sub-divided by formation and unit nomenclature with a few attempts by other authors to apply sequence stratigraphy to existing formation boundaries. At a local- to field-scale, lithostratigraphy may be able to represent stratigraphy well, but at regional-scale, lithostratigraphic units are likely to be diachronous. To date, this lithology-driven framework does not accurately reflect time relationships in the sub-surface. An entirely new integrated methodological approach, involving well tied seismic data and sequence stratigraphic well-to-well correlations compared with published zircon age dates, has been applied to hundreds of deep wells and shallower coal seam gas wells. This method sub-divides the Surat Basin stratigraphy into defendable 2nd order to 3rd order sequence stratigraphic cycles and has required the use of an alpha-numeric sequence stratigraphic nomenclature to adequately and systematically label potential time equivalent surfaces basin-wide. Correlation of wells is the first step in building models of aquifers and coal seam gas fields for numerical simulation of fluid flow, which is necessary for responsible resource management. Lithostratigraphic correlations will overestimate the extent and hydraulic connectedness of the strata of interest. The result may be fluid flow models that do not represent a realistic pressure footprint of the flow. The present sequence stratigraphic method more accurately reflects the disconnectedness of sub-surface coals and sandstones (aquifers) on a field-to-field scale, adjacent field-scale, and basin-wide scale. It forms the basis for improved and more representative modelling of the sub-surface.
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Scott, R. W. "Are seismic/depositional sequences chronostratigraphic units?" Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008248.
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Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis is claimed to be a “new globally valid system of stratigraphy … a precise methodology to subdivide, correlate and map sedimentary rocks” (Vail et al., 1991, p. 622). Sequence stratigraphic units, such as depositional sequences, depositional systems tracts, and parasequences, are time-equivalent rocks of specific durations controlled by cyclical changes in sediment supply related to eustasy. These units are bounded by regionally extensive unconformities with erosion beneath and onlapping strata above, or by physical surfaces separating either different patterns of stratal geometry or shoaling-up facies units. According to this school, precise correlations are based upon inferred time relations within depositional models.Several key concepts of sequence stratigraphy have their origins in early geological studies. For many years geologists have separated time-equivalent strata by regional unconformities related to changes in climate or sea level, e.g., J. Woodward, 1695 and T. C. Chamberline, 1909. Stratal surfaces, such as bentonites and limestone markers, have been used in place of fossils for time correlations since the first wells were drilled. Stratigraphic models have strongly influenced how we correlate strata since the time of William Smith.Two developments are, indeed, new and have sparked the current resurgence in stratigraphic research. One is the seismic technology to test the physical continuity of strata on a regional scale (50-100 km), and to test the stratal geometry of genetically related depositional packages. The second is the chart of global coastal onlap events and eustasy (Haq et al., 1988).Some key research problems are: (1) how to identify unique, time-significant stratal surfaces; (2) how to test their physical continuity; (3) how to test the time relations within depositional models; and (4) how to identify the unique, time-significant global events recorded in the stratigraphic record. These stratigraphic concepts can be tested by graphic correlation, which is a powerful technique of high precision, quantitative stratigraphy. Its application in Cretaceous sections of the Gulf Coast and Oman, and in the Plio-Pliestocene of the Gulf Coast aids the distinction between synchronous surfaces and diachronous boundaries.
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Miall, Andrew D., John M. Holbrook, and Janok P. Bhattacharya. "The Stratigraphy Machine." Journal of Sedimentary Research 91, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 595–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.143.
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ABSTRACT There is a significant difference between the average sedimentation rate of a lengthy stratigraphic section spanning many millions of years, and the rate that can be calculated from any short segment within such a section, such segments typically yielding rates several orders of magnitude more rapid than the overall rate. Stratigraphic successions contain numerous surfaces of nondeposition and erosion representing time spans from minutes to many millions of years, which collectively may account for as much as 90% of the total elapsed time that the succession represents. The stratigraphic record is constructed by a range of geological processes that operate over all time scales from seconds to billions of years, and at rates that vary by ten orders of magnitude. The generation of the stratigraphic record can be conceptualized in the form of a mechanical device, which we term the “Stratigraphy Machine.”
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Brett, Carlton E., Patrick I. McLauglin, and Gordon C. Baird. "Eo-Ulrichian to Neo-Ulrichian views: The renaissance of "layer-cake stratigraphy"." Stratigraphy 4, no. 2-3 (2007): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29041/strat.04.2.14.
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Classical notions of “layer-cake stratigraphy" have been denigrated as representing an antiquated “Neptunian" view of the geologic record with the American paleontologist-stratigrapher E.O. Ulrich vilified as its quintessential advocate. Some of the extreme “layer-cake" interpretations of E.O. Ulrich are demonstrably incorrect, especially where applied in marginal marine and terrestrial settings. However, close scrutiny of Ulrich’s work suggests that the bulk was correct and demonstrated considerable insight for the time. Subsequent development of facies concepts revolutionized geologists’ view of time-space relationships in stratigraphy, but rather than focusing on facies patterns within the established stratigraphic (layer-cake) frameworks many geologists in North America came to view strata as parts of diachronous facies mosaics. Recent advances in the development of event and sequence stratigraphic paradigms are beginning to swing the pendulum back the other way. Possible causes of “layer-cake" patterns are numerous and varied, including: (1) parallelism of depositional strike and outcrop belts, especially in foreland basins, (2) very widespread environmental belts developed in low-relief cratonic areas, (3) time-averaging homogenizes facies to a limited extent, resulting in a very subtle signature of lateral change, (4) condensed beds (hardgrounds, bone beds, ironstones, etc.) often form in responses to extrabasinal forces, thus they cross-cut facies, and (5) large events (i.e. hurricanes, floods, tsunamis, eruptions, etc.) are “over represented" in the rock record. A revised (“Neo-Ulrichian") layer-cake paradigm carries many of the original correct empirical observations of pattern, noted by Ulrich, recast in terms of event and sequence stratigraphy.
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McAnany, Patricia A., and Ian Hodder. "Thinking about stratigraphic sequence in social terms." Archaeological Dialogues 16, no. 1 (June 2009): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203809002748.
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AbstractFor archaeologists, stratification is an important character of archaeological deposits. Through it, layering is discerned and cultural and evolutionary interpretations are proposed. Archaeologists possess much implicit knowledge about the social practices that produce stratigraphic sequence and the specific, contextualized manner in which layers were built upon or cut into previous deposits. The aim of this paper is to gather together and formalize this knowledge so as to codify conceptual ‘tools to think by’ when recording and interpreting stratigraphy. Relevant literature is widely dispersed and here can only be sampled; authors consider stratigraphy in terms of (1) techniques of terraforming, (2) processes enacted and (3) meaning and interpretation. Techniques and processes are discussed within larger social interpretations such as memory, history-building, forgetting, renewing, cleansing and destroying. Examples are drawn from the Turkish Neolithic site of Çatalhöyük and the ancestral Maya site of K'axob in Belize, Central America, to illustrate the applicability of an approach that here is called ‘social stratigraphy’. A practice-based history of stratigraphy – the recording and interpretation of strata – within archaeology is problematized in reference to codependence with geology, the deployment of labour and centralized authority within the emergent 19th- to early 20th-century field of archaeology. The contributions of and conflicts between British and American stratigraphic schools are considered in light of a potential rapprochement. Contested issues of cultural heritage – such as preservation of selected strata – suggest that thinking about stratigraphic sequence in social terms is more than an academic exercise.
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Sergeeva, Nina Dmitrievna, and Viktor Nikolaevich Puchkov. "REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC SCHEME OF THE UPPER AND FINAL RIPHEAN AND VENDIAN DEPOSITS OF THE SOUTHERN URALS (PROJECT 2022)." Geologicheskii vestnik, no. 2 (July 14, 2022): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31084/2619-0087/2022-2-1.
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The need to correct individual stratigraphic levels of the Regional Stratigraphic Scheme of the Upper Precambrian deposits of the Urals, existing since 1993, is due to the receipt of new data from lithological-stratigraphic, geotectonic and isotope-geochronological studies of the Upper Precambrian of the Southern Urals. Significant changes and clarifications in the stratigraphy of the Upper Precambrian formations of the region occurred in the Upper Riphean and Vendian of the Bashkir meganticlinorium in the Southern Urals, where the sections stratotypical for the Riphean and reference for the Vendian are located.
 The results of dating igneous (primarily volcanic) rocks in the Riphean by modern methods made it possible to refine the geochronological basis of the Ural and General Stratigraphic Scale of the Upper Proterozoic of Russia and identify a new event level: the final Riphean (Arshinian), corresponding to the Arshinian series. Changes and clarifications to the correlation of local stratigraphic sections of the Upper and Final Riphean and Vendian of the Southern Urals are reflected in the draft scheme.
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Chen, Liquan, Chaoying Zhao, Hengyi Chen, Ya Kang, Bin Li, and Xiaojie Liu. "The Detection and Control Factor Analysis of Active Landslides in Guizhou Province, China, Using Sentinel-1 SAR Imagery." Remote Sensing 15, no. 23 (November 23, 2023): 5468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15235468.
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Catastrophic landslides occur frequently in Guizhou Province, China, and the landslides in this area have special geomorphological, geological, and anthropogenic features. In order to detect and explore the distribution pattern and control factors of active landslides in Guizhou, firstly, a total of 693 active landslides throughout Guizhou Province were mapped based on the deformation rate, which was obtained by spatiotemporal filtering and Intermittent Small Baseline Subset (ISBAS) Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques. Then, the relationships between the detected landslides and elevation, aspect, slope gradient, and stratigraphic lithology were analysed. Moreover, it was found that the landslides were mainly concentrated in three stratigraphic combinations, that is T1f~P2l−d, T1f~T1yn, and T2g~T1yn. Thereafter, the correlation coefficients between the landslide density and elevation and distance to the stratigraphic boundary were 0.54 and −0.19, indicating that the distribution of landslides was significantly controlled by the elevation and the boundary of specific stratigraphic combinations. Finally, we chose a typical landslide to explore how landslide development was controlled by the combined effects of elevation and stratigraphy by using ascending and descending InSAR results. We revealed that landslides occurred primarily in areas with a steep slope and a stratigraphy characterized by mudstone and sandstone.
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Xiao, Zheng. "Application of Seismic Stratigraphic Slice Continuous Browsing Technology to Delicately Characterize River Sedimentary Microfacies." International Journal of Energy 2, no. 3 (May 23, 2023): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ije.v2i3.8808.
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On the basis of understanding the regional tectonics characteristics and stratigraphic sedimentary characteristics of the study area, the sequence stratigraphic framework within the region is gradually studied by applying the principle of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, and G4 oil formation is divided into three sets of sand formations, namely, G4 upper, G4 middle, and G4 lower sand formations, and divided into small layers in detail. Through comprehensive analysis of lithofacies, logging facies, and seismic facies, the sedimentary facies of the G4 oil formation are comprehensively analyzed. The main sedimentary facies type of the G4 oil formation is the delta front facies belt, and the most important sedimentary microfacies in the delta front facies belt are underwater distributary channel sedimentary microfacies. Using seismic sedimentology methods, make stratigraphic slices of each sub layer of the G4 oil formation, and use the rapid browsing method of stratigraphic slices to trace river sand in detail.
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Pemberton, S. George, Janok P. Bhattacharya, James A. MacEachern, and Erin A. L. Pemberton. "Harry Eugene Wheeler (1907-1987): A Pioneer of Sequence Stratigraphy." Stratigraphy 13, no. 2 (2016): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.29041/strat.13.2.02.
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Harry Eugene Wheeler (1907-1987) of the University of Washington was a pioneer of genetic stratigraphic principles that form the basis of our modern concept of sequence stratigraphy. Wheeler's papers on what he liked to refer to as "stratology" included the classification of stratigraphic units into lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic entities, as well as cyclothems, unconformity-bounded units, and the analysis of base-level and its role in forming stratigraphic discontinuities. His work on unconformity-bounded "sequences" ultimately led the International Subcommission on Stratigraphic Classification to define them formally in 1987. The plots used to clarify the time-relationships of rock units are now referred to as "Wheeler diagrams". It is not uncommon that, in any scientific paradigm shift, many of the key pioneers are not fully recognized for their contributions at the time, being significantly ahead of prevailing concepts. It is also not uncommon that, by the time their points of view come into vogue, their contributions may have been largely forgotten with greater recognition given to those who synthesized or "popularized" their concepts. This is certainly true in the fields of seismic and sequence stratigraphy, where, despite the theoretical framework for sequence analysis formulated by Wheeler (1958a), little reference was made to Wheeler's work in the early formulation of these concepts in the 1970s and 1980s. Wheeler, schooled by Blackwelder, Mueller, and Schenck at Stanford and armed with the base-level concept of Joseph Barrell, was one of the first to recognize the concept of time stratigraphy. Due to his unorthodox view of stratigraphy, Wheeler was involved in one controversy after another and his views were deemed to be provocative. While the valuable contributions of latter practitioners and synthesizers are justifiably lauded, the works of original pioneers such as Harry Eugene Wheeler are largely underappreciated.
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Gaudenji, Tivadar, and Mladjen Jovanovic. "Quaternary stratigraphy: Recent changes." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 92, no. 4 (2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1204001g.
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Corrections to the Quaternary stratigraphic division of Serbia was updated/renewed by lowering limit of the Pleistocene / Quaternary to the beginning of the Gelasian that is at approximately 2.588 million years. Rather than the officially rejected Penck & Br?ckner Alpine stratigraphic model, the use of oxygen isotope stages (OIS / MIS) is recommended. Climatostratigraphic terms glacial and interglacial have a regional applicability and their use is recommended only in areas where there are traces of glaciation, while the terms cold and warm stage (or moderate) stages should be used within the global context. Eopleistocene is a regional term for the former Soviet Union and due to its uniqueness it can hardly be applied in the stratigraphical scheme of the Quaternary depostis in Serbia. With the latest extension of the Lower Pleistocene, further use of Eopleistocene would lead to further confusion in stratigraphic correlation as such the use of the Lower / Early Pleistocene or other appropriate stratigraphic units is recommended.
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McGowran, Brian, and Qianyu Li. "Stratigraphy: gateway to geohistory and biohistory." Stratigraphy 4, no. 2-3 (2007): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29041/strat.04.2.11.
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Concerned with the ordination, correlation and age determination of the rock record and the events entombed therein, stratigraphy is the central discipline in geohistory and biohistory. We consider (from our Cenozoic perch) changes in stratigraphy since the gestation of the International Stratigraphic Guide—changes in response to the “revolutions" of plate tectonics, bolide theory, sequence stratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy, and a cultural shift away from Lyellian gradualism. We discuss certain strictly stratigraphic matters in terms of the “Hedberg triad" of lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy, which triad has had its day as the core structure of the Guide. Sequence stratigraphy challenges both the lithostratigraphic formation and the notion of pervasive diachrony. Biostratigraphy flourishes in both its oppelzone and phylozone modes and is integrated increasingly with geomagnetic (the Cenozoic spine) and radiometric evidence in a sequence-and cyclostratigraphic context. Chronostratigraphic classification is hierarchical but rigid nesting is questioned.
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Genov, Ivan. "Comment on “Holocene sedimentation in the southwestern Black Sea: Interplay between riverine supply, coastal eddies of the Rim Current, surface and internal waves, and saline underflow through the Strait of Bosphorus” by O. Ankindinova, A. E. Aksu, R. N. Hiscott [Marine Geology, 420 (2020) 106092]." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 81, no. 2 (2020): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2020.81.2.6.
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Ankindinova et al. (2020) describe a series of hydrological events that have led to sedimentation and stratigraphic variations in the gradual sinking of the Black Sea shelf during the Holocene. A key aspect of the study is the attempt to provide a reliable stratigraphic basis for proving of a transgression in the basin throughout the Holocene. However, the conclusions of this approach run counter to the stratigraphic rules: redeposition and significant hiatus in the transgressive phase change of depth of sediment core location (M05-03P) – principle of superposition; merging of transgressive and regressive deposits into a common stratigraphic unit (contradicts the sequential stratigraphy). For this reason, the stability of the conclusion of Ankindinova et al. (2020) for the totally transgressive Holocene development of the Black Sea is doubtful. In addition, the study is based on the interpretation that the increase in the 87Sr /86Sr ratio is solely dependent on ocean water inflow, which is not always correct for enclosed and semi-enclosed basins.
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Miall, Andrew D. "Logan Medallist 3. Making Stratigraphy Respectable: From Stamp Collecting to Astronomical Calibration." Geoscience Canada 42, no. 3 (July 29, 2015): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2015.42.072.
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The modern science of stratigraphy is founded on a nineteenth-century empirical base – the lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of basin-fill successions. This stratigraphic record comprises the most complete data set available for reconstructing the tectonic and climatic history of Earth. However, it has taken two hundred years of evolution of concepts and methods for the science to evolve from what Ernest Rutherford scornfully termed “stamp collecting” to a modern dynamic science characterized by an array of refined methods for documenting geological rates and processes. Major developments in the evolution of the science of stratigraphy include the growth of an ever-more precise geological time scale, the birth of sedimentology and basin-analysis methods, the influence of plate tectonics and, most importantly, the development, since the late 1970s, of the concepts of sequence stratigraphy. Refinements in these concepts have required the integration of all pre-existing data and methods into a modern, multidisciplinary approach, as exemplified by the current drive to apply the retrodicted history of Earth’s orbital behaviour to the construction of a high-precision ‘astrochronological’ time scale back to at least the Mesozoic record. At its core, stratigraphy, like much of geology, is a field-based science. The field context of a stratigraphic sample or succession remains the most important starting point for any advanced mapping, analytical or modeling work.RÉSUMÉLa science moderne de la stratigraphie repose sur une base empirique du XIXe siècle, soit la lithostratigraphie et la biostratigraphie de successions de remplissage de bassins sédimentaires. Cette archive stratigraphique est constituée de la base de données la plus complète permettant de reconstituer l’histoire tectonique et climatique de la Terre. Cela dit, il aura fallu deux cents ans d’évolution des concepts et des méthodes pour que cette activité passe de l’état de « timbromanie », comme disait dédaigneusement Ernest Rutherford, à l’état de science moderne dynamique caractérisée par sa panoplie de méthodes permettant de documenter les rythmes et processus géologiques. Les principaux développements de l’évolution de la science de la stratigraphie proviennent de l’élaboration d’une échelle géologique toujours plus précise, l’avènement de la sédimentologie et des méthodes d’analyse des bassins, de l’influence de la tectonique des plaques et, surtout du développement depuis la fin des années 1970, des concepts de stratigraphie séquentielle. Des raffinements dans ces concepts ont nécessité l'intégration de toutes les données et méthodes existantes dans une approche moderne, multidisciplinaire, comme le montre ce mouvement actuel qui entend utiliser la reconstitution de l’histoire du comportement orbital de la Terre pour l’élaboration d’une échelle temporelle « astrochronologique » de haute précision, remontant jusqu’au Mésozoïque au moins. Comme pour la géologie, la stratigraphie est une science de terrain. Le contexte de terrain d’un échantillon stratigraphique ou d’une succession demeure le point de départ le plus important, pour tout travail sérieux de cartographie, d’analyse ou de modélisation.
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Prosser, Giacomo, Giuseppe Palladino, Dario Avagliano, Francesco Coraggio, Eleonora Maria Bolla, Marcello Riva, and Daniele Enrico Catellani. "Stratigraphic and Tectonic Setting of the Liguride Units Cropping Out along the Southeastern Side of the Agri Valley (Southern Apennines, Italy)." Geosciences 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11030125.
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This paper shows the main results of a multidisciplinary study performed along the southeastern sector of the Agri Valley in Basilicata (Southern Italy), where Cenozoic units, crucial for constraining the progressive evolution of the Southern Apennine thrust and fold belt and, more in general, the geodynamic evolution of the Mediterranean area are widely exposed. In particular, we aimed at understanding the stratigraphic and tectonic setting of deep-sea, thrust-top Cenozoic units exposed immediately to north of Montemurro, between Costa Molina and Monte dell’Agresto. In the previous works different units, showing similar sedimentological characteristics but uncertain age attribution, have been reported in the study area. In our study, we focussed on the Albidona Formation, pertaining to the Liguride realm, which shows most significant uncertainties regarding the age and the stratigraphic setting. The study was based on a detailed field survey which led to a new geological map of the area. This was supported by new stratigraphic, biostratigraphic and structural analyses. Biostratigraphic analysis provided an age not older than the upper Ypresian and not younger than the early Priabonian. Recognition of marker stratigraphic horizons strongly helped in the understanding of the stratigraphy of the area. The study allowed a complete revision of the stratigraphy of the outcropping Cenozoic units, the recognition of until now unknown tectonic structures and the correlation between surface and subsurface geology.
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Qayyum, Farrukh, Christian Betzler, and Octavian Catuneanu. "Space-time continuum in seismic stratigraphy: Principles and norms." Interpretation 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): T97—T108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2017-0061.1.
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Seismic stratigraphy is not only a geometric understanding of a stratigraphic succession, but it also has a close link to the space-time continuum started by H. E. Wheeler (1907–1987). The science follows the fundamental principles of stratigraphy, and the norms that govern seismic interpretation play a fundamental role due to their practical significance. The birth of computer-aided algorithms paved a new platform for seismic interpretation. The ideas from A. W. Grabau (1870–1946) and Wheeler were brought to a new level when space-time continuum was represented using 3D seismic data. This representation is commonly referred to as the Wheeler transformation, and it is based on flattening theories. Numerous algorithms have been introduced. Each suffers from its own problem and follow some assumption. The hydrocarbon industry, as well as academia, should seek a solution that is globally applicable to a stratigraphic succession irrespective of resolution, geologic challenges, and depositional settings. We have developed a review of the principles and norms behind these algorithms assisting in developing the space-time continuum of a stratigraphic succession using 2D/3D seismic data.
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Krayenbuehl, Thomas, Nadeem Balushi, and Stephane Gesbert. "Novel geometric classification of 3D seismic and its application to the Habshan clinoforms of Western Oman." Leading Edge 40, no. 3 (March 2021): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle40030186.1.
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The principles and benefits of seismic sequence stratigraphy have withstood the test of time, but the application of seismic sequence stratigraphy is still carried out mostly manually. Several tool kits have been developed to semiautomatically extract dense stacks of horizons from seismic data, but they stop short of exploiting the full potential of seismo-stratigraphic models. We introduce novel geometric seismic attributes that associate relative geologic age models with seismic geomorphological models. We propose that a relative sea level curve can be derived from the models. The approach is demonstrated on a case study from the Lower Cretaceous Kahmah Group in the northwestern part of Oman where it helps in sweet-spotting and derisking elusive stratigraphic traps.
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Yuan, Hong Qi, Ying Hua Yu, and Dong Li Sun. "Sequence Boundaries Identification of Putaohua Oil Layer in Qijia-Gulong Area." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.166.
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Sequence is a relatively conformable succession of genetically related strata bounded by unconformities or their correlative conformities. The correct identification of sequence boundaries is the key to the success of the sequence stratigraphic approach. Stratigraphic boundaries provide the fundamental framework for the genetic interpretation of any sedimentary succession, irrespective of how one may choose to name the packages of strata between them. Sequence stratigraphy of main research content is mainly chronohorizon (unconformity or conformity) identification, and to determine its causes and characteristics. Then, the key to sequence stratigraphy is identification unconformity and their correlative conformities. Unconformity and their correlative conformities on the seismic profiles, well logs, lithology, paleontology, and geochemical data have distinctive sequence boundaries mark characteristics.
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Lebedev, M. V. "FACIAL UNCONFORMITIES AND FACIAL SERIES IN THE SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 6 (January 20, 2019): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2018-6-24-32.
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The sequence stratigraphy is currently, on the one hand, a leading approach in the study of the internal structure of sedimentary basins, on the other hand, a creatively developing discipline, the conceptual basis of which is being developed. The concept of a «system tract» is one of the most questionable concepts of sequence stratigraphy. According to the classical definition, system tract is a lateral sequence of facies, in accordance with modern definitions system tract is a geological body bounded by sequence-stratigraphic surfaces. It remains unclear: whether the idea of the lateral ordering of the system tract has been preserved in the modern definition. The author of the article has performed an analysis of two well-known sequence-stratigraphic models to answer this question. It is model Depositional Sequence II and model Depositional Sequence IV. The concepts of «facial unconformities» and «facial series» became the basis of the analysis. The author has constructed his own version of the sequence-stratigraphic model for the sedimentary basin. According to the results of its analysis, the author proposes to include the concept of «facial series» in the theoretical basis of sequence stratigraphy. The concept of a «system tract» is recommended to consider as a geological body bounded by genetic facial unconformities.
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URMANOVA, D., and D. D. HUMPHREY. "STRATIGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE DEVONIAN-CARBONIFEROUS COMPLEX OF THE SOUTHERN SIDE OF THE CASPIAN DEEP." Neft i Gaz 131, no. 5 (October 30, 2022): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37878/2708-0080/2022-5.05.
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This article presents a study of the stratigraphic development of the Devonian-carboniferous complex of the southern side of the Caspian basin, in which a comprehensive study of sedimentary formations of the subsalt complex and the creation of a stratigraphic model of the Late Paleozoic stage of evolution of the southern Caspian sedimentary basin was carried out based on a refined correlation scheme by Abilkhasimov (2015), with the inclusion of generalized data on the structures of Ansagan and Maksat. The basis for the development of a stratigraphic model in the Late Paleozoic of the Coastal zone of carbonate structures in the south of the Caspian sedimentary basin is the classical structural and formation analysis, which reflects the main features: stratigraphy, tectonics, lithological composition, sedimentation conditions, sediment thickness.
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Layzell, Anthony L., Robert S. Sawin, Rolfe D. Mandel, Greg A. Ludvigson, Evan K. Franseen, Ronald R. West, and W. Lynn Watney. "Quaternary Stratigraphy and Stratigraphic Nomenclature Revisions in Kansas." Bulletin (Kansas Geological Survey), no. 263 (January 1, 2017): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.17161/kgsbulletin.no.i263.20362.
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This paper outlines Quaternary nomenclature changes to Zeller (1968) that have been adopted by the Kansas Geological Survey (KGS). The KGS formally recognizes two series/epochs for the Quaternary: the Holocene and Pleistocene. Pleistocene stage/age names Kansan, Aftonian, Nebraskan, and Yarmouthian are abandoned and replaced with the broader term "pre-Illinoian." Formation names Bignell, Peoria, Gilman Canyon, and Loveland are maintained for loess units. Formation names for the following alluvial lithostratigraphic units are abandoned: Crete, Sappa, Grand Island, Fullerton, and Holdrege. The Severance Formation is adopted as a new lithostratigraphic unit for thick packages of late Pleistocene alluvium and colluvium in Kansas. The DeForest Formation is accepted as a valid lithostratigraphic unit for deposits of fine-grained Holocene alluvium in Kansas. Formation names Iowa Point, Nickerson, and Cedar Bluffs for glacial tills and Atchison and David City for glaciofluvial deposits are abandoned. The Afton and Yarmouth Soils are abandoned as pedostratigraphic units, whereas the Sangamon Geosol and Brady Geosol are maintained.
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Nguyen, Chuc Dinh, Xuan Van Tran, Kha Xuan Nguyen, Huy Nhu Tran, and Tan Thanh Mai. "The forming mechanisms of Oligocene combination/stratigraphic traps and their reservoir quality in southeast Cuu Long Basin offshore of Vietnam." Science and Technology Development Journal 22, no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v22i1.1216.
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To date, most of the oil and gas production in Cuu Long Basin (CLB) is contributed from structural traps, making them more and more depleted after years of exploitation. Exploration activities in CLB, therefore, are shifting towards other traps, including stratigraphic and/or combination ones. The results of exploration and appraisal activities in recent years have increasingly discovered more hydrocarbons in the Oligocene section; some of them were discovered in combination/ stratigraphic traps. Many studies on Oligocene targets in Southeast CLB have been carried out but only a few mention nonstructural traps. This leads to uncertainty about the forming mechanisms and distribution, as well as unevaluated hydrocarbon potential of these traps. An integrated approach- utilizing methods of seismic sequence stratigraphy, seismic attribute interpretation, and petrophysical/ petrographical analysis- was applied in this research to identify the forming mechanisms of Oligocene combination/ stratigraphic traps in southeast area of CLB and to evaluate their reservoir quality. The research results show that the key forming factor for stratigraphic traps of sand body is lithology change and the one for pinch-out stratigraphic traps is tapering off of sand layers landward or toward the horsts. The reservoir quality of these traps ranges from moderate to good. By integratedly applying the methods, the forming mechanisms and reservoir quality of Oligocene stratigraphic traps could be delineated. In order to optimize the next-stage exploration strategy in CLB, detailed studies on petroleum system, especially top and bottom seals, and the hydrocarbon potential of these stratigraphic traps, need to be carried out.