Dissertationen zum Thema „Stubley“

Thirty thousand feet above the Pacific Ocean—somewhere between Sydney and Los Angeles—the narrator of “the lonely and the road” doesn’t really know where he is going, or why. His is a quest written spontaneously—‘on-the-go.’ It is a journey of uncertain motivation, of uncertain means, towards uncertain ends. From Los Angeles, to Vegas, to the Rocky Mountain states and beyond, the narrator travels with and learns from his friends, his family and even his ex-girlfriend as he searches for that which continues to elude him. But what is that exactly? Does it even exist? While the novel details a journey, the exegesis is a phenomenological account of the intersecting of my road with that taken by Jack Kerouac. It explores my experiences with the life and work of Kerouac—the creator of spontaneous prose—in relation to the development of my writing, up to and including this novel. In doing so, the exegesis is itself a quest that seeks to understand more fully the essence of Kerouac’s and my own representation of the quest motif in content and in form. Both the exegesis and the novel, then, constitute part of the search for my own artistic road, and aim to assist others in search of theirs.

Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Natural Resource Sciences and Landscape Architecture. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

Examensarbetet behandlar trä som byggnadsmaterial. I arbetet ingår en rapport med förklarande illustrationer samt framtagning av programhandlingar för ett bostadsprojekt. Byggbranschen står idag för en hög miljöbelastning där den största bidragande faktorn är materialproduktionen. Trots att trä är det enda koldioxidneutrala konstruktionsmaterialet byggs få flerbostadshus med trä som bärande stomme. Det råder brist på kunskap och erfarenhet inom träbyggnadsteknik av anledningen att en tidigare lagstiftning förbjöd byggnader över två våningar med trästomme. Studien har fördjupat sig i möjligheterna när det gäller lång spännvidd, konstruktionshöjd och arkitektonisk karaktär men även kraven för ljud och brand har styrt utformningen. Till en början förväntades trä ge upphov till en del begränsningar, främst gällande brand och akustik, men dessa kan till stor del lösas genom kompletteringar och noggrann projektering. Trä har många positiva egenskaper som hög hållfasthet, bra bärförmåga vid brand, bra värmeisoleringsförmåga samt att det ger ett bra inomhusklimat, vilket kan nyttjas i en byggnad. Fastigheten som valdes för projektet ligger i Rosenlundsparken på Södermalm i Stockholm. På platsen var det gynnsamt att bygga i trä på grund av bland annat dåliga markförhållanden. Studien har resulterat i en byggnad på 9 våningar, där den bärande stommen är helt utförd i trä. Stommen är uppbyggd av pelarbalksystem i entréplan och KL-trä på de resterande våningarna. Ett ribb-bjälklag har använts, som är en kombination av KL-trä och limträ. Resultatet visade att om tjocka bjälklag implementeras kan flerbostadshus med långa spännvidder uppföras, med en högre byggnadshöjd som följd. Långa spännvidder ger en frihet när det gäller att utforma planlösningar. Trä är ett flexibelt material vilket ger möjlighet till frihet i form. Träets naturliga karaktär ger en positiv effekt på människor och är estetiskt tilltalande. Byggnaden har böjda former vilket bidrar med kontrast till det befintliga stadsrummet. Fasaden är utförd i trä och även interiört är det synligt trä i stor utsträckning.
The thesis is about wood as a building material. The work contains a report with explanatory illustrations and a project planning document for a residential. The building sector has a big impact on the climate, where the biggest contribution is the manufacturing of materials. Wood is the only material that is carbon oxide neutral, but still a small amount of the high apartment buildings is constructed with a wooden frame. The reason behind this is that a former law prevented wooden buildings higher than two floors and therefore there is a lack of knowledge and experience regarding wooden building technique. Wood has many positive qualities, which can be of advantage in a building. Such as a good load bearing capacity during a fire, good strength, good thermal conductivity, and it provides a healthy internal climate. There are also limitations with wooden constructions regarding fire and sound, but this can often be solved with supplements and thorough planning. This study examined the possibilities regarding span, height, and architecture. Additionally, sound- and fire conditions had an impact on the design. The project resulted in a long free span in consequent of a thick slab and therefore the building height increases. The property that was chosen for the project is located to Rosenlundsparken at Södermalm in Stockholm. The condition of the ground was not optimal to build on, because it consists of clay. But an advantage with a wooden construction it that it is light, which reduces the land work. This study resulted in a 9-floor high building where the frame is completely in wood. The frame is constructed with a column and beam system in the entrance floor and CLT walls on the other floors. A ribbed slab was chosen, which is a combination of CLT and glulam. The result showed that if thick slabs are implemented, residential buildings with long free span can be built and with a higher building height as a consequence. A long free span gives freedom when making floor plans. Furthermore, the wood offers flexibility, which makes different shapes possible. The building has round shapes which makes a contrast to the existing cityscape. Moreover, the woods natural character has a positive effect on humans and is aesthetically appealing. Wood is used as a cladding to the extent possible both interior and exterior.

A study was conducted in Mohave Valley to examine population dynamics, economic thresholds, and management strategies for potato leafhopper and treehopper (three cornered alfalfa hopper) in desert alfalfa. In 1998, three distinct peaks of adult treehoppers occurred in August, September, and October. Adult potato leafhoppers were detected earlier in the study, with four distinct peaks noted in June, July, August, and September. Spring Furadan alfalfa stubble treatment reduced initial adult treehopper infestation following application by 40-60% and the initial potato leafhopper infestation was reduced by 25-50 %.

The effects of a straw mulch, applied either uniformly or in strips, on the surface energy balance and soil thermal regimes are investigated using a numerical solution to the two-dimensional soil heat transfer equation. The numerical technique used is an extended version of Barakat and Clark's (1966) alternating direction explicit method. The modified technique can solve problems that are periodic in time and/or space, on either rectangular domains or domains with a curvilinear upper boundary, and in which the soil thermal properties may vary with position, time, or temperature. The method also incorporates non-uniform grid spacings to reduce computation time and to increase efficiency. The straw mulch is represented as a single layer of constant shortwave and longwave transmissivities and reflectivities. Vertical transport of heat and water vapour through the mulch is evaluated by bulk transfer equations. Shading of the bare strip and reflection of radiation onto it by the sides of the mulch strip, as well as the reduction of the sky-view factor seen by the bare strip, are included. Solar irradiance, air temperature and water vapour density, wind speed, soil thermal properties and mulch parameters are the required inputs. Evaporation is estimated using a surface resistance model to vapour flow. The model is compared with micrometeorological measurements made in soils covered with barley straw, either uniformly at rates of 2, 10 or 20 t/ha or in 0.30 m wide mulch strips (10 t/ha rate) alternating with 0.10 m wide bare strips, with the strips oriented in north-south, northeast-southwest, or east-west directions. The results show that for the uniformly applied mulch soil temperatures can be adequately predicted but evaporation is underestimated. Both soil temperatures and evaporation are underestimated in the bare strip. The differences are attributed to the penetration of wind eddies into the straw mulch and the microscale advection from the warm straw strips onto the relatively cold bare strips.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate

Hormonally-triggered regulatory hierarchies play a major role in organismal development. Disruption of a single member of such a hierarchy can lead to irregular development and disease. Therefore, knowledge of the members involved and the mechanisms controlling signaling through such pathways is of great importance in understanding how resulting developmental defects occur. Type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) make up a family of cell surface-associated proteases that play important roles in the development and homeostasis of a number of mammalian tissues. Aberrant expression of TTSPs is linked to several human disorders, including deafness, heart and respiratory disease and cancer. However, the mechanism by which these proteases function remains unknown. The ecdysone-responsive Stubble TTSP of Drosophila serves as a good model in which to study the functional mechanism of the TTSP family. The Stubble protease interacts with the intracellular Rho1 (RhoA) pathway to control epithelial development in imaginal discs. The Rho1 signaling pathway regulates cellular behavior via control of gene expression and actin cytoskeletal dynamics. However, the mechanism by which the Stubble protease interacts with the Rho1 pathway to control epithelial development, in particular leg imaginal disc morphogenesis, has yet to be elucidated. The Stubble protein consists of several conserved domains. One approach to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of Stubble in regulating Rho1 signaling is to define which of the conserved domains within the protease are required for proper function. Sequence analysis of twelve recessive Stubble mutant alleles has revealed that the proteolytic domain is essential for proper function. Alleles containing mutations which disrupt regions of the protease domain necessary for protease activation or substrate binding, as well as those with deletions or truncations that remove some portion of the proteolytic domain, result in defective epithelial development in vivo. In contrast, mutations in other regions of the Stubble protein, including the disulfide-knotted and cytoplasmic domains, were not observed. Another important step for defining the connection between Stubble and Rho1 signaling is to identify a Stubble target that acts as an upstream regulator of the Rho1 pathway. We performed a genetic screen in which 97 of the 147 Drosophila non-olfactory and non-gustatory G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), a family of proteins that has been shown to be protease-activated and to activate Rho1 signaling, were tested for interactions with a mutant allele of Stubble. We found 4 genomic regions uncovering a total of 7 GPCRs that interact genetically when in heterozygous combination with a Stubble mutant. Further analysis of these genes is necessary to determine if any of these GPCRs is targeted by Stubble during activation of the Rho1 pathway.
M.S.
Department of Biology
Sciences
Biology MS

Recent advances in crop establishment techniques have led to the introduction of conservation tillage systems that enables a reduction in the number of field operations and associated costs whilst maintaining or increasing financial margins. A recent development in conservation tillage systems in the United States was the adoption of strip tillage that was defined as the disturbance of less than one-third of a total field by cultivation. The aim of strip tillage is to produce a narrow, residue free, cultivated zone that is suitable for drilling crops into whilst leaving a significant area uncultivated that maintains crop residue on the soil surface with benefits both to soil stability and biodiversity. This study reported in this thesis focuses on the use ofa strip tillage implement to establish Brassica napus and Beta vulgaris in two soil types found in the United Kingdom. Crop residue has been reported to reduce crop emergence and this study found a reduction in percentage emergence by up to 40% when straw was mixed into the top 5 cm of soil or when straw and seed was placed on the soil surface. The strip tillage unit using a tine and disc combination operating in a range of light soil types gave disturbance patterns that were independent of forward speed in the range of 6.0 to 12.0 km/h but tine penetration was often limited. The star wheel was found to remove up to 80% of straw residue from within row. Using strip tillage was found to create a tilth either similar to, or finer than, plough tillage but initially gave poorer emergence and growth. Overall performance of using strip tillage to establish Brassica napus and Beta vulgaris was found to be equivalent to a conventional plough tillage system resulting in no penalties to crop yield or quality.

Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the frequency of supplementary feeding on the production of South African Mutton Merino (SAMM) ewes grazing wheat stubble. One hundred and sixty ewes were randomly divided into two groups that consisted of four groups each. Eight camps were grazed for 138 days during which lambing occurred. Four groups of 25 ewes each grazed a 17 ha camp at a stocking density of 5.8 ewes/ha and four groups of 15 ewes each grazed a 12 ha camp at a stocking density of 5.0 ewes/ha. A combination energy/protein supplement was made available to the ewes as a lick. Two of the groups received no supplementary feed (control), two groups received 200 g/ewe/day, two groups received 400 g/ewe every second day and two groups received 600 g/ewe every third day. The smallest decrease in weight during the feeding period was observed in the ewe group that received supplementation every day as well as the ewe group that received supplementation every second day, but no significant differences were observed between these two groups. The smallest decrease in weight over the total feeding period was observed in the three ewe groups that received supplementation (P < 0.1), while the ewes that received none (control groups) lost the most weight during the same period. All supplemented groups performed significantly better than the unsupplemented control group in terms of the liveweight change over the feeding as well as the total period. No significant differences occurred in the lambing percentage, weaning percentage, birthweight, 42-day weight and survival rate of the lambs due to the different feeding regimes. It was concluded that supplementation to ewes every third day or every second day is an economically feasible option and will reduce labour and transport costs. In the second study the effect of stocking density on canola stubble composition and subsequently the production of SAMM ewes on this type of stubble was investigated. Forty-eight ewes were randomly divided into four groups that grazed canola stubble at a stocking density of approximately 1.5, 3.5, 5.5 and 7.5 ewes/ha for 152 days. The ewes did not receive any supplementation and were weighed every 14 days. Parturition occurred during the last week in March 1997 until the first week in May 1997, and the lambs were weighed at birth, and every 14 days thereafter. Stubble samples were collected from the paddocks during the first part of the trial (January and February) and at the end of the trial (April and May) by cutting ten replicate quadrates per paddock and were analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVDOM). The live weight of the ewes at a stocking density of 5.5 ewes/ha decreased significantly, while the ewes at a stocking density of 1.5 ewes/ha gained weight. The ewes at a stocking density of 3.5 ewes/ha had the lowest weight loss (P = 0.01). Stocking density did not affect the birthweight of the lambs significantly. The CP concentration of the stubble decreased with an increase in stocking density, while the ADF and NDF concentration of samples were significantly higher at the higher stocking density. In the third study the supplementation of rumen inert fat or starch on the production of ewes grazing wheat stubble, was investigated. Fifty-six SAMM ewes were randomly divided into four groups of 14 ewes each, grazing the wheat stubble at a stocking density of 4.6 ewes/ha. Each group was supplemented with 250 gJewe daily for the last six weeks of pregnancy, which was increased to 360 gJewe during the first four weeks of lactation. Supplementation was supplied on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays for a 70-day period. The CP concentration of the supplement varied between 16.7 % and 19.6 %, while the total digestible nutrient (TDN) content varied between 52.0 % and 76.7 %. No significant difference (P > 0.05) occurred between the live weights of ewes during the last six weeks of pregnancy, the first four weeks of lactation, or the total feeding period. The ewes in the 50 % fat plus 50 % maizemeal group lost less weight (P :s; 0.08) during lactation than the ewes that received maizemeal as their main energy source. The study indicated that there was no significant advantage in the live weight change of the ewes during the experimental period, when compared to the group that received wheat bran (control group). In the fourth study the economic advantage of supplementation to SAMM ewes grazing wheat- or oat stubble were studied. Three hundred and sixteen ewes were divided into four flocks, of which two grazed oat stubble and two wheat stubble. Each of these four flocks was again subdivided into four subdivisions of which two subdivisions received supplementation and two none. Four subdivisions received 200 g/d for 83 days, and the other four subdivisions received 200 g/d for 44 days after which it was increased to 300 g/d for 37 days (81 days in total). The ewes were weighed monthly. The final bodyweight of the ewes that received supplementation was significantly higher than those that received none. Over the feeding period, the ewes that received supplementation had a significant lower weight loss in comparison to the ewes that did not receive supplementation. The 42-day weight of the lambs improved significantly due to supplementation, but no significant increase was indicated in the birthweight, weaning weight and survival rate of the lambs whose mothers received supplementation. In the fifth study the influence of supplementary feeding to ewes and creep feeding of their lambs on the production of both the ewes and lambs were studied. One hundred and sixty eight ewes were divided into two groups of 68 and 100 ewes that grazed a 12.9 and 18 ha camp respectively. Each of these ewe groups was subdivided into four groups of which two ewe groups received supplementation and two none. Within each ewe group two groups of lambs received creep feeding and two received none. A two (supplementation of ewes) by two (creep feeding of lambs) factorial design was used. Supplementation was supplied at 200 g/d for the first 69 days and 300 g/d for the next 120 days to ewes. Lambs received an average ofO.58 kg creep feed per day for 96 days. It was concluded that the live weight change (LWC) of the ewes during the experimental period was not affected significantly by creep feeding of their lambs. Ewes that received supplementation maintained higher live weights than their counterparts for most of the feeding period, although final weights at the end of the experimental period did not differ significantly. The average daily gain (ADG) of the lambs whose mothers received supplementation tended to be higher than that of mothers that received no supplementation, while the ADG of the lambs that received creep feeding was significantly higher than the lambs that received none. In the sixth study the carry-over effect of supplementation in the previous year on the production of the ewes in the following year was studied. Three hundred and sixteen ewes were divided into four flocks, of which two grazed oat stubble and two wheat stubble. Each of these four flocks was again subdivided into four subdivisions of which two subdivisions received supplementation and two none. Four subdivisions received 200 g/d for 83 days, and the other four subdivisions received 200 g/d for 44 days after which it was increased to 300 g/d for 37 days (81 days in total). The ewes were weighed monthly. Results indicated that birth status (lambs born per ewes mated) of lambs showed a tendency to increase in 1999 due to supplementation in 1998, while weaning status was not significantly affected. Due to multiple births in the supplemented groups, the birthweight and weaning weight of lambs was negatively affected by supplementation. The study concluded that supplementary feeding in the previous year did not have significant carry-over effects in the following year. However, the effect may have been influenced by the fact that mature animals were used in the study, while the pasture availability during the non-productive stage will also affect possible carry-over effects.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Eksperiment is uitgevoer om te bepaal wat die invloed van die frekwensie van byvoeding op die produksie van Suid-Afrikaanse Vleismerino (SAVM) ooie wat koringstoppel bewei, sal wees. Eenhonderd-en-sestig ooie is ewekansig in twee groepe verdeel wat bestaan het uit vier groepe elk. Die agt kampe is vir 138 dae bewei waartydens die ooie ook gelam het. Vier groepe bestaande uit 25 ooie het 'n 17 ha kamp teen 'n weidigtheid van 5.8 ooie/ha bewei en die ander vier groepe bestaande uit 15 ooie het 'n 12 ha kamp teen 'n weidigtheid van 5.0 ooie/ha bewei. 'n Kombinasie energie/proteïen aanvulling in die vorm van 'n lek is aan die ooie beskikbaar gestel. Twee van die groepe het geen aanvullende voeding ontvang nie (kontrole), twee groepe het 200 g/dag/ooi ontvang, twee groepe het 400 glooi elke tweede dag ontvang en twee groepe het 600 glooi elke derde dag ontvang. Die kleinste daling in liggaamsgewig tydens die voerperiode is waargeneem in die ooie wat elke dag sowel as elke tweede dag byvoeding ontvang het, alhoewel geen betekenisvolle verskille tussen dié twee groepe waargeneem is nie. Die kleinste daling in gewig tydens die totale voerperiode is waargeneem in die drie groepe wat byvoeding ontvang het (P < 0.1) terwyl die groepe wat geen byvoeding ontvang het nie (kontrole) die meeste gewig tydens dieselfde periode verloor het. Al die groepe wat byvoeding ontvang het, se liggaamsmassa verandering oor die voerperiode asook die totale periode was betekenisvol beter as die kontrole groep Geen betekenisvolle verskille is gevind by lampersentasie, speenpersentasie, geboortegewig, 42-dae gewig en oorlewing van lammers nie. Daar is bevind dat die byvoeding aan ooie elke derde of elke tweede dag ekonomies geregverdig is en 'n moontlike afname in arbeid- en vervoerkostes mag meebring. In die tweede studie is die invloed van weidigtheid op die samestelling van kanolastoppel en die produksie van SAVM-ooie op hierdie tipe stoppelondersoek. Agt-en-veertig ooie is ewekansig in vier groepe verdeel en het kanolastoppel teen 'n weidigtheid van ongeveer 1.5, 3.5, 5.5 en 7.5 ooie/ha vir 152 dae bewei. Die ooie het geen byvoeding ontvang nie en is elke 14 dae geweeg. Die ooie het gelam vanaf die laaste week in Maart 1997 tot die eerste week in Mei 1997. Die lammers is met geboorte geweeg en daarna elke 14 dae. Stoppelmonsters van die kampe is versamel gedurende die eerste deel van die studie (Januarie en Februarie) asook aan die einde van die studie (April en Mei) deur tien kwadrate per kamp te sny en is daarna ontleed vir droë materiaal (DM), ruproteïen (RP), suur bestande vesel (SBV), neutraal bestande vesel (NBV) en in vitro verteerbaarheid van organiese materiaal (lVVOM). Die liggaamsgewig van die ooie teen 'n weidigtheid van 5.5 ooie/ha het betekenisvol afgeneem, terwyl die ooie teen die weidigtheid van 1.5 ooie/ha toegeneem het in massa. Die ooie teen 'n weidigtheid van 3.5 ooie/ha het die kleinste gewigsverlies getoon (P = 0.01). Die geboortegewig van die lammers is nie betekenisvol deur weidigtheid beïnvloed nie. Die RP-konsentrasie van die stoppel het afgeneem met 'n toename in weidigtheid, terwyl die SBV en NBV -konsentrasie van die monsters betekenisvol hoër was by die hoër weidigtheid. In die derde studie is die byvoeding van rumen inerte vet of stysel aan ome wat koringstoppel bewei ondersoek. Ses-en-vyftig SAVM ooie is ewekansig in vier groepe van 14 elk verdeel en het koringstoppel teen 'n weidigtheid van 4.6 ooielha bewei. Elke groep het daagliks byvoeding teen 250 glooi tydens die laaste ses weke van dragtigheid ontvang, waarna dit vermeerder is tot 360 glooi tydens die eerste vier weke van laktasie. Byvoeding is op Maandae, Woensdae en Vrydae vir 70 dae voorsien. Die RP-konsentrasie van die byvoeding het gevarieer tussen 16.7 % en 19.6 % terwyl die totale verteerbare voedingstof (TVV) konsentrasie gevarieer het tussen 52.0 % en 76.7 %. Daar was geen betekenisvolle verskille (P > 0.05) tussen die liggaamsmassa van die ooie gedurende die laaste ses weke van dragtigheid, die eerste vier weke van laktasie, of die totale voerperiode nie. Die ooie in die 50 % vet plus 50 % mieliemeel groep het minder gewig (P ~ 0.08) gedurende laktasie verloor as die ooie wat mieliemeel as hulle hoof energiebron ontvang het. Die studie het getoon dat daar geen betekenisvolle toename in die liggaamsgewig van die ooie tydens die eksperimentele periode was in vergelyking met die groep wat koringsemels (kontrole) ontvang het nie. In die vierde studie is die ekonomiese voordeel van byvoeding vir SAVM ooie wat koringof hawerstoppel bewei het ondersoek. Driehonderd-en-sestien ooie is in vier groepe verdeel,waarvan twee hawerstoppel en twee koringstoppel bewei het. Elk van hierdie vier groepe is herverdeel in vier subdivisies waarvan twee byvoeding ontvang het en twee geen. Vier subdivisies het 200 gld vir 83 dae ontvang, terwyl die ander vier subdivisies 200 gld vir 44 dae ontvang het, waarna dit verhoog is na 300 gld vir 37 dae ('n totaal van 81 dae). Die ooie is maandeliks geweeg. Die finale liggaamsgewig van die ooie wat byvoeding ontvang het betekenisvol hoër was as die ooie wat geen byvoeding ontvang het nie. Tydens die voerperiode het die ooie wat byvoeding ontvang het 'n betekenisvolle laer gewigsverlies getoon in vergelyking met die ooie wat geen byvoeding ontvang het nie. Die 42-dae gewig van die lammers het ook betekenisvol toegeneem, maar geen verskil is waargeneem in die geboortegewig, speengewig en oorlewingstempo van lammers wie se moeders byvoeding ontvang het nie. In die vyfde studie is die invloed van byvoeding aan ooie en kruipvoeding aan hulle lammers op die produksie van beide die ooie en lammers bestudeer. Eenhonderd-agt-en-sestig ooie is onderskeidelik in twee groepe van 68 en 100 verdeel wat twee kampe van 12.9 en 18 ha respektiewelik bewei het. Elkeen van hierdie groepe is onderverdeel in vier groepe waarvan twee groepe byvoeding ontvang het en twee groepe geen. Binne elke ooi groep het twee groepe lammers kruipvoeding ontvang en twee geen. 'n Twee (byvoeding aan ooie) by twee (kruipvoeding aan lammers) faktoriaal ontwerp is gebruik. Byvoeding aan die ooie is verskaf teen 200 gld vir die eerste 69 dae en 300 gld vir die volgende 120 dae. Lammers het 0.58 kg kruipvoer per dag vir 96 dae ontvang. Daar is bepaal dat die liggaamsgewig-verandering van die ooie gedurende die eksperimentele periode nie betekenisvol beïnvloed is deur kruipvoeding van die lammers nie. Ooie wat byvoeding ontvang het het 'n hoer liggaamsgewig vir die grootste deel van die voerperiode gehandhaaf, alhoewel die finale gewigte aan die einde van die eksperimentele periode nie betekenisvol verskil het nie. Die gemiddelde daaglikse toename (GDT) van die lammers wie se moeders byvoeding ontvang het, het geneig om hoër te wees as die lammers wie se moeders geen byvoeding ontvang het nie, terwyl die GDT van die lammers wat kruipvoeding ontvang het was betekenisvol hoër as die lammers wat geen kruipvoeding ontvang het nie. In die sesde studie is die oordrageffek van byvoeding in die vorige jaar op ooie se produksie in die opvolgende jaar ondersoek. Driehonderd-en-sestien ooie is in vier groepe verdeel,waarvan twee hawerstoppel en twee koringstoppel bewei het. Elk van hierdie vier groepe is herverdeel in vier subdivisies waarvan twee byvoeding ontvang het en twee geen. Vier subdivisies het 200 gld vir 83 dae ontvang, terwyl die ander vier subdivisies 200 gld vir 44 dae ontvang het, waarna dit verhoog is na 300 gld vir 37 dae ('n totaal van 81 dae). Die ooie is maandeliks geweeg. Resultate het aangedui dat die geboortestatus (lammers gebore/ ooie gepaar) van lammers 'n tendens getoon het om toe te neem in 1999 as gevolg van byvoeding in 1998, terwyl speenstatus nie betekenisvol beïnvloed is nie. Byvoeding in 1998 het die geboortegewig en speengewig van lammers verlaag omdat dit 'n groter aantal meerlinggeboortes veroorsaak het. Die studie het bevind dat byvoeding in die vorige jaar nie 'n betekenisvolle oordrageffek in die volgende jaar teweeg gebring het nie. Die resultate mag egter beïnvloed gewees het deurdat volwasse diere in die studie gebruik is, terwyl die beskikbaarheid van weiding tydens die stadium wanneer die ooie nie gereproduseer het nie ook die moontlike oordrageffek kon beïnvloed het.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Manitoba, 2006.
A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, Department of Soil Science. Includes bibliographical references.

Syftet med denna studie är att försöka reda ut hur utomhuspedagogiken används bland pedagoger på grundskolan. Vi vill ta reda på vilka uppfattningar pedagoger uttrycker kring utomhuspedagogik samt vilka syften och mål pedagogerna har med att undervisa ute.

Undersökningens resultat grundar sig på en kvalitativ studie där vi har tillämpat halvstrukturerade intervjuer på åtta pedagoger.

Undersökningen är även gjord på tre olika skolor i Sverige med olika socioekonomiska förutsättningar och olika fysiska miljöer.

Arbetet resulterade i att vi kom fram till att utomhuspedagogiken används bland pedagoger men dock väldigt sällan.

Syftet med utomhuspedagogiken bland pedagogerna har teoretiska utgångspunkter, de är alltså väl medvetna om hur metoden kan stimulera barns utveckling.

Något som framkom var att pedagogerna upplever mycket problematik kring utomhuspedagogiken vilket skapar ett stort glapp mellan teori och praktik.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and explain how outdoor pedagogy as a way of education is used by teachers in the elementary school. We want to find out what educationalists’ opinions are about outdoor pedagogy and what purposes and goals they think are associated with outdoor education.

The results of the investigation are based on a qualitative study where we have used semi-structured interview forms on eight elementary teachers. The studies were conducted at three different schools in Sweden with varying socio-economical and physical conditions.

In the thesis we concluded that outdoor pedagogy is being put into practice by many educationalists, but very rarely. The purpose of outdoor education among the teachers has a theoretic ground, which means that they are indeed aware of how the specific method can stimulate children’s development. Additionally the study showed us that teachers associate outdoor pedagogy with many inconveniences and problems, thus there is a big discrepancy between theory and practice.

Systemic steroid hormone and intracellular signaling pathways are known to act cooperatively during the development of vertebrate and invertebrate epithelia. However, the mechanism of this interaction is poorly understood. Morphogenesis of Drosophila leg imaginal disc epithelia is regulated both by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) and the RhoA GTPase signaling pathway. Recent evidence suggests that these pathways act cooperatively to control imaginal disc morphogenesis. Thus, leg imaginal disc morphogenesis is an excellent system in which to study the interaction of steroid hormone and intracellular signaling pathways. We have identified mutations in three genes, 12-5, 18-5, and 31-6, with roles in the morphogenesis of leg epithelia. Of particular interest, these mutations interact genetically with each other, mutations in the RhoA signaling pathway, and the ecdysone regulated Sb-sbd (Stubble) transmembrane serine protease. This suggests that the 12-5, 18-5, and 31-6 gene products may link hormone and RhoA signaling responses. The goal of this research was to identify and characterize the 18-5 and 12-5 genes in order to discern the mechanistic relationship between the RhoA pathway and ecdysone hierarchy.18-5 and 12-5 were precisely mapped to molecular locations within the Drosophila genome utilizing a P-element recombination mapping technique. This work narrowed the location of the 18-5 locus to within an interval of 112 kb within the Drosophila genome sequence. This interval contains 17 known and predicted genes. I also mapped the location of the 12-5 locus to a 2.6 Mb interval of the 2nd chromosome. Based on phenotypic analyses and the site of the molecularly mapped interval, a candidate gene for the 18-5 mutation was identified. Sequence analysis of the candidate gene was inconclusive and requires further analysis. Genetic interaction assays indicate that the 18-5 gene product acts upstream or at the level of Rho kinase in the RhoA signaling pathway.
M.S.
Department of Biology
Sciences
Biology

The Stubble-stubbloid locus encodes a transmembrane serine protease (Stubble) necessary for the proper formation of sensory bristles, and the morphogenesis of leg and wing epithelia. Genetic and cell biological analysis indicate a role for Stubble in actin cytoskeletal dynamics and cell shape changes in developing epithelia and bristles. Previously reported genetic interactions between Stubble and the Rho1 signaling pathway suggest Stubble influences actin cytoskeleton dynamics in developing imaginal discs through interactions with the Rho1 pathway. This work will discuss a genetic screen conducted to further investigate the role of Stubble in bristle and imaginal disc morphogenesis. From 50,000 EMS-mutagenized chromosomes 12 enhancers of the recessive sbd201 allele were identified, including 6 new sbd alleles. Consistent with the current understanding of genetic interactions regulating imaginal disc morphogenesis, mutations in two Rho1 pathway genes, zipper (2 alleles) and Rho1, were isolated. Additionally, three new mutant enhancers of sbd201 were isolated, one of which has been identified as an allele of the cadherin gene Dacshous, another as an allele of the muscle myosin heavy chain gene, and the last as an allele of Notopleural (Np). Dominant and recessive mutations in the Stubble locus interact with the Np allele identified in this screen, in regards to both limb and bristle development, respectively. Mutations in the Np locus were first identified in 1936, but this locus remains poorly characterized and has never been cloned The genetic and phenotypic characterization of Np will be discussed along with experiments that have mapped the position of the Np locus to a 50kb region at the border of the 44F12, 45A1 cytological regions.
M.S.
Department of Biology
Sciences
Biology

The incorporation of cereal straw/stubble often immobilises nitrogen (N). This can help conserve N in soil in organic forms, thus reducing loss through leaching over dormant winter periods. However, N-depressions that arise during decomposition can reduce crop yield. The inclusion of a legume green manure can supply fixed-N, thus alleviating the low N availability to crops. In this study, the effect of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) green manure incorporation on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) straw/stubble decomposition, and N availability was investigated. A field experiment was used to determine the effects of the green manure on decomposition. Decomposition of straw/stubble was monitored using the litterbag technique. Following green manure incorporation, soil cores were incubated in a glasshouse to determine mineral-N availability. Though not significant, the inclusion of lupin green manure seemed to increase the decomposition of straw/stubble during the growth period, then slowing it after its incorporation at 110 d. This was described by a logarithmic pattern of loss of - 4.97 g AFDW residue day⁻¹, with 60% remaining after 140 d. Treatments without lupin had a linear decomposition of - 0.12 g AFDW residue day⁻¹, with 49% remaining after 140 d. The loss of cellulose confirmed the differences in decomposition with the inclusion of lupin resulting in 2.79% less cellulose remaining in straw/stubble after 140 d compared to its exclusion. Lupin significantly increased pot oat N uptake and DM yield by 55 % and 46 %, respectively, compared to its exclusion. However, this effect was not observed in field sown wheat yields and the soil mineral-N measurements made. This study showed that the potential of lupin to increase straw/stubble decomposition by improving the retention and availability of N, leading to long-term yield benefits, needed further investigation.

Furadan 4F was applied to alfalfa regrowth stubble following the first harvest of 1998 to examine treatment effects of alfalfa weevils, aphids, resultant plant growth, and threecornered alfalfa hoppers. Furadan 4F reduced larval numbers throughout the period that larvae were present (25 days after treatment). Little effect was noted for adult weevil numbers in field. Aphid numbers were also reduced by the treatment, and alfalfa stems in Furadan 4F plots were significantly taller at 21 days post treatment. Little, if any, effect from the Furadan 4F treatment was noted for adult threecornered alfalfa hopper populations during the five months following application.

Le storie messe in scena tanto nei film quanto nelle serie televisive vengono raccontate non solo attraverso le immagini, ma anche attraverso il dialogo ed è per tale motivo che la lingua, e il modo in cui essa viene utilizzata, gioca un ruolo fondamentale all’interno di questi prodotti. Quest’ultima, infatti, spesso e volentieri, vuole essere un riflesso della società in cui viviamo ed è per questo che viene plasmata sul parlato spontaneo, in modo tale da conferire ai prodotti audiovisivi un sapore di autenticità e renderli, allo stesso tempo, il più possibile realistici e credibili agli occhi del pubblico. In concreto, questo può tradursi in prodotti audiovisivi caratterizzati non solo da una pluralità di lingue, ma anche da forme linguistiche non standard, quali, per esempio, accenti o dialetti. Il film d’animazione Sgt. Stubby: an American hero, per il quale è stato svolto il lavoro di sottotitolaggio, essendo caratterizzato dalla presenza di più lingue e da una pronuncia non standard, costituisce un esempio perfetto della presenza del multilinguismo e della variazione linguistica nei prodotti audiovisivi. Lo scopo di questo elaborato, infatti, è proprio quello di osservare e approfondire tali fenomeni linguistici, analizzandone la manifestazione e l’utilizzo all’interno dei prodotti audiovisivi, così come le sfide che essi creano sul piano del sottotitolaggio e le possibili soluzioni per veicolarli a livello della lingua di arrivo.

Haller was, by any standard, a very prolific writer, not only of letters. He published 24 books in 50 volumes, many of which he reworked for second editions; he wrote 450 essays, 9000 book reviews, and edited another 52 volumes. Of his letters exchanged with 1139 male and 50 female correspondents, close to 17,000 have survived.

Haller was, by any standard, a very prolific writer, not only of letters. He published 24 books in 50 volumes, many of which he reworked for second editions; he wrote 450 essays, 9000 book reviews, and edited another 52 volumes. Of his letters exchanged with 1139 male and 50 female correspondents, close to 17,000 have survived.