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1
Silva, Marcel Fernando da [UNESP]. "Resistência de genótipos de cana-de-açúcar ao Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110323.
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000794428.pdf: 1220706 bytes, checksum: 891f167415410a39eb3a90bc37f91033 (MD5)<br>A resistência a doenças constitui o principal fator de substituição de cultivares na cana-de-açúcar, sendo o mosaico uma das principais doenças da cultura, com registros em quase todos os países produtores. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência de 79 genótipos de cana-de-açúcar, incluindo variedades e clones elite, inoculados artificialmente com o Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) Rib-1 e estimar os parâmetros genéticos associados à resistência por meio de análise de variância. Avaliações de sintomas por escala de notas foram feitas em associação com o teste serológico Plate Trapped Antibody-ELISA em um experimento conduzido em estufa e levado em condições de campo. Os genótipos IACSP982053, IACSP972028, RB855156, IACSP993009, IACSP977543, IACSP972000, IACSP962100, IACSP986202, IAC912195, IACSP953028, IAC862480, IACSP972098, IACSP955000, SP701143, IACSP952078, IACSP972020, IACSP967569, IACSP985046, SP803280, IACSP993085, IACSP972055 e IACSP977065 apresentaram-se resistentes à estirpe em estudo. A herdabilidade no sentido amplo calculada foi de 19,37% ao nível de plantas individuais e de aproximadamente 62,18% ao nível de média de parcelas, indicando uma alta influência das condições ambientais na manifestação dos sintomas de mosaico. Acessos de cana-de-açúcar pertencentes à Coleção de Germoplasma do Centro de Cana do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas também foram avaliados em um segundo experimento, com o objetivo de identificar possíveis fontes de resistência ao SCMV para serem utilizadas nos programas de introgressão genética. Foi realizada uma avaliação de sintomas de mosaico por meio de escala de notas em associação com o teste serológico PTA-ELISA em 43 acessos, ao todo, incluindo as espécies Saccharum officinarum, S. barberi, S.spontaneum e S.robustum, mantidos em campo em condições de infecção natural. Os clones ...<br>The resistance to diseases constitutes the main factor of cultivar replacement in sugarcane, being mosaic one of the main diseases of this crop, with records in almost all the major sugarcane growing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of 79 sugarcane genotypes, including varieties and elite clones, artificially inoculated with Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) R1b-1 and estimate genetic parameters associated to mosaic resistance by variance analysis. Evaluations of symptoms by grade scale associated with serological test Plate Trapped Antibody-ELISA were performed in a greenhouse experiment that was later taken to field conditions. The genotypes IACSP982053, IACSP972028, RB855156, IACSP993009, IACSP977543, IACSP972000, IACSP962100, IACSP986202, IAC912195, IACSP953028, IAC862480, IACSP972098, IACSP955000, SP701143, IACSP952078, IACSP972020, IACSP967569, IACSP985046, SP803280, IACSP993085, IACSP972055 and IACSP977065 were resistant to the strain in study. The broad-sense heritability at individual level and means based was 19.37% and 62.18%, respectively, which shows a great influence of environmental conditions on the expression of mosaic symptoms. Wild sugarcane germplasm were also evaluated for SCMV resistance in a second experiment, in order to identify new sources of mosaic resistance for future introgression crosses. An evaluation of symptoms by grade scale associated with serological test Plate Trapped Antibody-ELISA were performed for 43 clones, including Saccharum officinarum, S. barberi, S. spontaneum and S. robustum species, maintained under natural infection conditions. The clones IS76-155, IJ76-418 red, NG57-50, Ceram red, Badila, Sac.off. 8276, Fiji19 IJ76-313, US 57-141-5, Krakatau, IN8458, IN84-88, IN84-82, Gandacheni and Chin possibly represents resistant sources. A differential behavior among Saccharum species were also observed, with higher susceptibility in ...
2
Quint, Marcel. "Resistance gene analogues as a tool for basic and applied resistance genetics exemplified by sugarcane mosaic virus resistance in maize (Zea mays L.)." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11051858.
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Thomas, C. M. "Cauliflower mosaic virus DNA replication." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374828.
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Thompson, Nicole. "Sugarcane striate mosaic associated virus : RNA sequence and genome organisation, taxonomy and detection /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht4744.pdf.
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Turner, David Richard. "Protein-RNA interactions in tobacco mosaic virus assembly." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328799.
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Cartwirght, Ewen James. "Barley mild mosaic virus : deletions, duplication and transmission." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285557.
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Silva, Marcel Fernando da. "Resistência de genótipos de cana-de-açúcar ao Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) /." Jaboticabal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110323.
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Orientador: Luciana Rossini Pinto<br>Coorientador: Marcos Cesar Gonçalves<br>Banca: Sandra Helena Unêda Trevisoli<br>Banca: Mauro Alexandre Xavier<br>Resumo: A resistência a doenças constitui o principal fator de substituição de cultivares na cana-de-açúcar, sendo o mosaico uma das principais doenças da cultura, com registros em quase todos os países produtores. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência de 79 genótipos de cana-de-açúcar, incluindo variedades e clones elite, inoculados artificialmente com o Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) Rib-1 e estimar os parâmetros genéticos associados à resistência por meio de análise de variância. Avaliações de sintomas por escala de notas foram feitas em associação com o teste serológico Plate Trapped Antibody-ELISA em um experimento conduzido em estufa e levado em condições de campo. Os genótipos IACSP982053, IACSP972028, RB855156, IACSP993009, IACSP977543, IACSP972000, IACSP962100, IACSP986202, IAC912195, IACSP953028, IAC862480, IACSP972098, IACSP955000, SP701143, IACSP952078, IACSP972020, IACSP967569, IACSP985046, SP803280, IACSP993085, IACSP972055 e IACSP977065 apresentaram-se resistentes à estirpe em estudo. A herdabilidade no sentido amplo calculada foi de 19,37% ao nível de plantas individuais e de aproximadamente 62,18% ao nível de média de parcelas, indicando uma alta influência das condições ambientais na manifestação dos sintomas de mosaico. Acessos de cana-de-açúcar pertencentes à Coleção de Germoplasma do Centro de Cana do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas também foram avaliados em um segundo experimento, com o objetivo de identificar possíveis fontes de resistência ao SCMV para serem utilizadas nos programas de introgressão genética. Foi realizada uma avaliação de sintomas de mosaico por meio de escala de notas em associação com o teste serológico PTA-ELISA em 43 acessos, ao todo, incluindo as espécies Saccharum officinarum, S. barberi, S.spontaneum e S.robustum, mantidos em campo em condições de infecção natural. Os clones ...<br>Abstract: The resistance to diseases constitutes the main factor of cultivar replacement in sugarcane, being mosaic one of the main diseases of this crop, with records in almost all the major sugarcane growing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of 79 sugarcane genotypes, including varieties and elite clones, artificially inoculated with Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) R1b-1 and estimate genetic parameters associated to mosaic resistance by variance analysis. Evaluations of symptoms by grade scale associated with serological test Plate Trapped Antibody-ELISA were performed in a greenhouse experiment that was later taken to field conditions. The genotypes IACSP982053, IACSP972028, RB855156, IACSP993009, IACSP977543, IACSP972000, IACSP962100, IACSP986202, IAC912195, IACSP953028, IAC862480, IACSP972098, IACSP955000, SP701143, IACSP952078, IACSP972020, IACSP967569, IACSP985046, SP803280, IACSP993085, IACSP972055 and IACSP977065 were resistant to the strain in study. The broad-sense heritability at individual level and means based was 19.37% and 62.18%, respectively, which shows a great influence of environmental conditions on the expression of mosaic symptoms. Wild sugarcane germplasm were also evaluated for SCMV resistance in a second experiment, in order to identify new sources of mosaic resistance for future introgression crosses. An evaluation of symptoms by grade scale associated with serological test Plate Trapped Antibody-ELISA were performed for 43 clones, including Saccharum officinarum, S. barberi, S. spontaneum and S. robustum species, maintained under natural infection conditions. The clones IS76-155, IJ76-418 red, NG57-50, Ceram red, Badila, Sac.off. 8276, Fiji19 IJ76-313, US 57-141-5, Krakatau, IN8458, IN84-88, IN84-82, Gandacheni and Chin possibly represents resistant sources. A differential behavior among Saccharum species were also observed, with higher susceptibility in ...<br>Mestre
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Chen, Pengyin. "Genetics of reactions to soybean mosaic virus in soybean." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54781.
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The genetic interactions among 9 soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.] cultivars and 6 strains of soybean mosaic virus (SMV) were investigated. The objectives were to identify genes and/or alleles conditioning resistant and necrotic reactions to SMV and to determine the genetic relationships among resistance genes from cultivars exhibiting differential responses to the SMV strains.
Seven SMV-resistant (R) cultivars (‘PI 486355’, ‘Suweon 97’, ‘PI 96983’, ‘Ogden’, ‘York’, ‘Marshall’, and ‘Kwanggyo’) were crossed in all combinations among each other and with susceptible (S) cultivars ‘Essex’ and ‘Lee 68’. F₂ populations and F₂-derived F₃ lines were inoculated in field with the SMV type strain Gl and in the greenhouse with the virulent strains G4, G5, G6, G7, and G7A.
All F₂ populations from R x S and necrotic (N) x S crosses having PI 96983, Ogden, York, Marshall, and Kwanggyo as either resistant or necrotic parents segregated 3R:1S and 3N:1S, respectively. F₂-derived F₃ progenies from R x S crosses exhibited an F₂ genotypic ratio of 1 homogeneous R : 2 segregating (3R:1S) : l homogeneous S. The results indicate that each of these five resistant parents has a single, dominant or partially dominant gene conditioning the resistant and necrotic reactions to SMV. No segregation for SMV reaction was evident in F₂ and F₃ generations from R x R, N x N, and S x S crosses among the five differential cultivars, indicating that the resistance genes in the five cultivars are alleles at a common locus. The alleles in PI 96983 and Ogden were previously labeled <i>Rsy</i> and <i>rsy<sup>t</sup></i>, respectively. Gene symbols, <i>Rsy<sup>y</sup></i>, <i>Rsy<sup>m</sup></i>, and <i>Rsy<sup>k</sup></i> are proposed for the resistance genes in York, Marshall, and Kwanggyo, respectively. It is also proposed that the gene symbol <i>rsy<sup>t</sup></i> be changed to <i>Rsy<sup>t</sup></i> to more accurately reflect its genetic relationship to the susceptible allele.
The R x S crosses with PI 486355 and Suweon 97 as resistant parents segregated 15R:1S in the F₂ and 7 (all R) : 4 (3R:1S) : 4 (15R:1S) : 1 (all S) in the F₃, indicating that each has two independent genes for resistance to SMV. The F₂ plants of PI 486355 x Suweon 97 showed no segregation for SMV reaction, suggesting that they have at least one gene in common. The crosses among all 7 resistant parents produced no susceptible segregates when inoculated with strain G1. It is concluded that the 7 resistant cultivars each have a gene or allele at the <i>Rsy</i> locus.
Data from the experiments furnished conclusive evidence that the necrotic reaction in segregating populations is highly associated with plants that are heterozygous for the resistance gene.<br>Ph. D.
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Qusus, Saba J. "Molecular Studies on Soybean Mosaic Virus-Soybean Interations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30328.
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In the U.S., soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is classified into seven strain groups, designated G1 to G7, based on their different responses on resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars. These responses are: symptomless or resistant (R), necrotic (N), and mosaic or susceptible (S). The gene-for-gene model has been proposed for SMV-soybean interactions. In the majority of cultivars, a single dominant gene, Rsv1, confers both the R and N responses. In the first part of this study, the coat protein (CP) genes of two SMV strains, G1 and G6 were isolated, cloned, and sequenced. Gene isolation was done by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on partially purified virus preparation without prior RNA extraction. Amplified products were blunt-end ligated into pNoTA/T7 vector and transformed into competent cells. Sequencing was performed in both directions on heat-denatured double-stranded plasmids. The predicted 265 amino acid sequence of the CP of G1 and G6 strains were 98.9% identical, with only two amino acid differences. Correlating the CP sequences of G1, G2, G6, and G7, with their virulence on resistant soybean cultivars indicated that the CP is not likely to be the R- and/or N-determinant in the SMV-soybean system. The second part of the study involved studying the pathogenesis of G1, G6, and G7 strains on inoculated leaves of R, N, and S soybean cultivars by leaf imprint immunoassay. Results indicated four types of reactions: i) susceptible, showing unrestricted replication and spread; ii) immune, where no virus was detected; iii) systemic spread, showing unrestricted replication but limited spread along the veins; and iv) restricted replication and spread, where infection was restricted to few foci along the veins. Results of this study indicated that Rsv1-mediated resistance is a multicomponent type of resistance that involves both inhibition of virus replication as well as cell-to-cell movement. The third part of the study aimed at investigating Rsv1-mediated resistance at the cellular level. For this purpose, an SMV-soybean protoplast system was developed. Protoplast isolation was based on a combined cellulase-pectolyase Y-23 digestion and metrizamide-sorbitol gradient purification protocol. Virus inoculation of protoplasts was facilitated by either polyethelene glycol (PEG) or poly-L-ornithine (PLO), and method of detection was by Western blotting using antiserum to whole virus. Inoculation by PEG was successful, but results were irreproducible because of the adverse effect of PEG on protoplast viability. Inoculation by PLO was inconclusive because of the high background from residual inoculum. Additional research is needed before a protoplast system can be used to study the mechanism of Rsv1 resistance to SMV at the cellular level.<br>Ph. D.
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Holness, Claire Louise Lesley. "Isolation and characterisation of mutants of cowpea mosaic virus." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1989. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59381/.
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A nitrous acid-induced, temperature sensitive mutant of cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) known as 8-14, (Evans 1985, Virology 1985, 141, 275-282), was characterised. The phenotypic defect in 8 -14 was shown not to affect translation of the RNA or the first proteolytic cleavage of the B RNA-encoded polyprotein. The defect is probably at the level of genome replication. The technique of two dimensional RNA fingerprinting showed the mutant genome to be similar to the parental wild-type but did not resolve the genetic alteration(s) specific for the mutation. The mechanism of CPMV translation was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis of a full-length cDNA clone of CPMV M RNA from which infectious RNA could be generated by in vitro transcription. The results obtained confirm the AUG at position 161 is used to direct the synthesis of the 105K protein in vitro. The detection of a 58K protein in infected protoplasts suggests that it is also used in vivo. The synthesis of the 95K protein can be initiated from either of the AUGs at positions 512 and 524. Synthesis of this protein is not essential for CPMV replication in protoplasts. Several deletion mutations were created in the M RNA cDNA clone in order to determine the regions of M RNA essential for replication of M RNA. Analysis of one mutant indicated that sequences between 1446 and 1620 are probably not required for replicase recognition. However, the accumulation of this mutant in protoplasts was reduced, presumably as a result of lack of encapsidation of the RNA as this mutant is thought not to synthesise functional coat protein. Data from several mutants showed that alterations of M RNA around nucleotides 161 and 189 prevent transcript accumulation in protoplasts possibly owing to a severe reduction in replicability of the input RNA.
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Burbano, Villavicencio Roberto Carlos. "Identificação de genótipos de Saccharum spp. resistentes ao amarelinho (Sugarcane yellow leaf virus) e ao mosaico (Sugarcane mosaic virus) e associação a marcadores moleculares /." Jaboticabal, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183546.
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Orientador: Luciana Rossini Pinto<br>Coorientador: Marcos Cesar Gonçalves<br>Banca: Dilermando Perecin<br>Banca: Paula Macedo Nobile<br>Banca: Antonio de Góes<br>Banca: Ivan Antônio dos Anjos<br>Resumo: O vírus do amarelinho (Sugarcane yellow leaf virus, SCYLV) e o vírus do mosaico (Sugarcane mosaic virus, SCMV) são duas importantes viroses que afetam os canaviais dos países produtores de cana-de-açúcar no mundo. As principais características da resistência a essas viroses, as metodologias de avaliação em campo, quantificação viral e as fontes de resistência foram estudadas neste trabalho. Para atingir esse objetivo foi estabelecido um painel com 98 genótipos do gênero Saccharum spp. provenientes do banco ativo de germoplasma do Centro de Cana - IAC (Instituto Agronômico de Campinas). A resposta dos genótipos ao SCYLV e SCMV foi avaliada em campo utilizando uma escala diagramática de notas de sintomas e a concentração viral do SCYLV foi determinada mediante DAS-ELISA e RT-qPCR. Os genótipos do painel susceptíveis ao SCMV foram amostrados e uma análise de sequenciamento da sequência parcial do gene que codifica a capa proteica foi feita para determinar a estirpe predominante no ensaio. Adicionalmente, e com o intuito de identificar marcadores moleculares associados com resistência ao SCYLV e SCMV, foi realizado um estudo de análise de associação entre marcas moleculares e notas de severidade de sintomas. O painel foi genotipado com 955 marcas polimórficas usando AFLP e SSR e submetido a análise de regressão linear simples. Um total de 29 genótipos foram categorizados como resistentes para o SCYLV e 72 para SCMV, considerando que a estirpe predominante causadora dos s... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) are two important viruses affecting the sugarcane producing countries worldwide. The main resistance characteristics of these viruses, symptoms expression phenotyping, virus titer and sources of resistance were studied in this research. To achieve this goal, a panel with 98 genotypes of Saccharum spp. genus was established from the active germplasm bank of the IAC Sugarcane Research Centre (Instituto Agronômico de Campinas). Genotypes responses to SCYLV and SCMV was evaluated in the field using a diagrammatic scale of symptoms and SCYLV virus titer was measured by DAS-ELISA and RT-qPCR. Genotypes with SCMV symptoms were sampled and the partial sequence of the coat protein gene analyzed by sequencing and restriction fragment polymorphism to determine the predominant strain in the plot. In order to identify molecular markers associated to SCYLV and SCMV resistance, an association study between molecular markers and symptoms severity was performed. The panel was genotyped with 955 polymorphic markers using AFLP and SSR and subjected to simple regression analysis. A total of 29 and 72 genotypes were categorized as SCYLV and SCMV resistant, respectively. Our study suggests that the predominant strain causing mosaic symptoms was SCMV-RIB1. The main source of resistance to these viruses probably comes from Saccharum spontaneum accessions and, in smaller proportion, from Saccharum robustum. To SCYLV, the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Doutor
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Mendonca, A. P. A. "Some aspects of the host involvement in cowpea mosaic virus replication." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370391.
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Atkins, David G. "Studies on the cell-to-cell movement of tobacco mosaic virus." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276159.
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Wahyuni, Wiwiek Sri. "Variation among cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates and their interaction with plants." Title page, contents and summary only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw137.pdf.
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Includes appendix containing journal publications co-authored by the author. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-151). Eighteen strains of Cucumber mosaic virus, including forteen from Australia, two from the USA, and two from Japan were used in this study.
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Torres, Arzayus Maria Isabel. "Engineering yam mosaic virus resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana using genetic transformation techniques." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264199.
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Ligat, Julio S. "Pathology and distribution in the host of pea seed-borne mosaic virus." Title page, contents and summary only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl723.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-92). Five isolates of pea seed-borne mosaic virus were compared by host range and symptomatology on 16 pisum sativum cultivars lines, 21 lines of Lathyrus and Lens spp. and several indicator species
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Hajimorad, Mohammad Reza. "Variation in alfalfa mosaic virus with special reference to its immunochemical properties." Title page, contents and summary only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh154.pdf.
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Includes Appendix listing other publications by the author. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-181). Alfalfa mosaic virus was isolated from lucerne (Medicago sativa) plants with a variety of disease symptoms. Experiments showed that each isolate was biologically distinct and that the host range and symptomatology of each isolate was affected by the environmental condition.
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Afsharifar, Alireza. "Characterisation of minor RNAs associated with plants infected with cucumber mosaic virus." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha2584.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 127-138. This thesis studies the minor double stranded RNAs (dsRNA) and single stranded RNAs (ssRNA) which are consistently associated with plants infected with Q strain of cucumber mosaic virus (Q-CMV). The investigations are focused on the structural elucidation of new RNAs which have been observed in single stranded and double stranded RNA profiles of Q strain of CMV.
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Shi, Chun. "Identification of differentially expressed genes associated with sugarcane mosaic virus resistance in maize (Zea mays L.)." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974436402.
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Beekwilder, Kristen M. "The Inheritance of Resistance to Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Tobacco Introductions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31726.
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Thirty-one tobacco introductions that were reported to display either a local lesion or a symptomless reaction to infection with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were screened for reaction to the virus (Chaplin and Gooding, 1969). Ten tobacco introductions (TI), TI 203, TI 407, TI 438, TI 450, TI 692, TI 1203, TI 1459, TI 1462, TI 1467, and TI 1500 were randomly chosen for further study to characterize their resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Each TI line was crossed with susceptible cultivar K 326 to determine the mode of inheritance of resistance to TMV. The F2 progeny of TIs 1459, 1462, and 1500 segregated in a 3 local lesion:1 mosaic ratio, indicating that the gene governing resistance in these three TI lines was a single, dominant trait. The F2 progeny of TIs 203, 407, 438, 450, 692, 1203, and 1467 failed to segregate, only mosaic plants were observed. This would indicate that the gene(s) controlling resistance to TMV in these lines would not provide resistance for plant breeders to incorporate into a breeding program. Each TI line was also crossed with local lesion cultivar NC 567, which contains the N gene, in order to determine if the gene(s) governing resistance in the TI lines was allelic to the N gene in NC 567. The F2 progeny of TIs 1459 and 1462 did not segregate. All progeny displayed the local lesion reaction to TMV indicating that the gene governing resistance in these two lines is allelic to the N gene. The F2 progeny of the cross between TI 1500 and NC 567 segregated in a 15 local lesion: 1 mosaic ratio, which indicates that the gene controlling resistance in TI 1500 is not allelic to the N gene. When crossed with NC 567, the F2 progeny of TIs 407, 438 and 1467, segregated in a 3 local lesion: 1 mosaic ratio. No symptomless plants were observed. There was also segregation in the F2 progeny of the crosses between NC 567 and TIs 203, 450, 692, and 1203. However, the segregation was in no discernible ratio. Once again the F2 progeny of the crosses either displayed a local lesion or mosaic reaction and no symptomless progeny were observed. This would again indicate that the symptomless TI lines do no provide heritable resistance to TMV and therefore are not acceptable as an alternative source of resistance to TMV for the plant breeder. Tobacco introduction 1500 should be investigated further because a single, dominant trait that is not allelic to the N gene governs resistance to TMV in this line.<br>Master of Science
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Williams, Rhys Harold Verdon George. "Further studies on the structure and function of the cucumber mosaic virus genome : a thesis submitted to the University of Adelaide, South Australia for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." 1988, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw7261.pdf.
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Chen, Baoshan. "Encapsidation of nucleic acids by cucumovirus coat proteins /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc5183.pdf.
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Geering, Andrew D. W. "The epidemiology of cucumber mosaic virus in narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) in South Australia." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg298.pdf.
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Bertioli, David John. "The coat protein of arabis mosaic virus and it's expression in plants, insect cells and bacteria." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306084.
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Thivierge, Karine. "Protein-protein interactions in turnip mosaic potyvirus replication complex." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80886.
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Interactions between plant and virus proteins play pivotal roles in many processes during the viral infection cycle. Analysis of protein-protein interactions is crucial for understanding virus and host protein functions and the molecular mechanisms underlying viral infection. Several interactions between virus-encoded proteins have been reported. However, few interactions between viral and plant proteins have been identified so far. To examine interactions between Turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV) proteins and plant proteins, recombinant proteins were produced and used in ELISA-type assays and in in vitro co-immunoprecipitation experiments. An interaction between TuMV P1 proteinase and wheat poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) was identified. An interaction between P1 protein and the plant Arabidopsis thaliana eukaryotic initiation factor (iso)4E [eIF(iso)4E] was also found. Finally, potential interactions between both TuMV CI and P1 proteins and between TuMV CI protein and eIF(iso)4E were identified.
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Torok, Valeria Anna. "Biological and molecular variation among isolates of pea seed borne mosaic virus." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht686.pdf.
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Corrigendum inserted at the back. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-158). Ch. 1. General introduction -- ch. 2. General materials and methods -- ch. 3. Biological characterisation of Australian PSbMV isolates -- ch. 4. Developing nucleic acid based diagnostics for PSbMV -- ch. 5. Detection of PSbMV isolates by RT-PCR and RFLP analysis -- ch. 6. Developing an internal control for PSbMV RT-PCR -- ch. 7. Molecular analysis of the PSbMV VPG -- ch. 8. PSbMV sequence and phylogenetic analysis -- ch. 9. General discussion Sixteen pea seed borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) isolates were collected between 1995 and 1998. These isolates were biologically distinct yet serologically indistinguishable. The conclusion is that PSbMV is widespread and occurs at a low incidence in Australia. Reports sequence information on new isolates of PSbMV which has allowed genomic regions to be identified which distinguish PSbMV pathotypes and isolates; and, to the development of PSbMV nucleic acid hybridisation and RT-PCR assays.
27
Becker, Douglas Kenneth. "The transformation of banana with potential virus resistance genes." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37023/6/37023_Digitised_Thesis.pdf.
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One approach to reducing the yield losses caused by banana viral diseases is the use of genetic engineering and pathogen-derived resistance strategies to generate resistant cultivars. The development of transgenic virus resistance requires an efficient banana transformation method, particularly for commercially important 'Cavendish' type cultivars such as 'Grand Nain'. Prior to this study, only two examples of the stable transformation of banana had been reported, both of which demonstrated the principle of transformation but did not characterise transgenic plants in terms of the efficiency at which individual transgenic lines were generated, relative activities of promoters in stably transformed plants, and the stability of transgene expression. The aim of this study was to develop more efficient transformation methods for banana, assess the activity of some commonly used and also novel promoters in stably transformed plants, and transform banana with genes that could potentially confer resistance to banana bunchy top nanovirus (BBTV) and banana bract mosaic potyvirus (BBrMV).
A regeneration system using immature male flowers as the explant was established. The frequency of somatic embryogenesis in male flower explants was influenced by the season in which the inflorescences were harvested. Further, the media requirements of various banana cultivars in respect to the 2,4-D concentration in the initiation media also differed. Following the optimisation of these and other parameters, embryogenic cell suspensions of several banana (Musa spp.) cultivars including 'Grand Nain' (AAA), 'Williams' (AAA), 'SH-3362' (AA), 'Goldfinger' (AAAB) and 'Bluggoe' (ABB) were successfully generated.
Highly efficient transformation methods were developed for both 'Bluggoe' and 'Grand Nain'; this is the first report of microprojectile bombardment transformation of the commercially important 'Grand Nain' cultivar. Following bombardment of embryogenic suspension cells, regeneration was monitored from single transfom1ed cells to whole plants using a reporter gene encoding the green fluorescent protein (gfp). Selection with kanamycin enabled the regeneration of a greater number of plants than with geneticin, while still preventing the regeneration of non-transformed plants. Southern hybridisation confirmed the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (npt II) was stably integrated into the banana genome and that multiple transgenic lines were derived from single bombardments. The activity, stability and tissue specificity of the cauliflower mosaic virus 358 (CaMV 35S) and maize polyubiquitin-1 (Ubi-1) promoters were examined. In stably transformed banana, the Ubi-1 promoter provided approximately six-fold higher p-glucuronidase (GUS) activity than the CaMV 35S promoter, and both promoters remained active in glasshouse grown plants for the six months they were observed.
The intergenic regions ofBBTV DNA-I to -6 were isolated and fused to either the uidA (GUS) or gfjJ reporter genes to assess their promoter activities. BBTV promoter activity was detected in banana embryogenic cells using the gfp reporter gene. Promoters derived from BBTV DNA-4 and -5 generated the highest levels of transient activity, which were greater than that generated by the maize Ubi-1 promoter. In transgenic banana plants, the activity of the BBTV DNA-6 promoter (BT6.1) was restricted to the phloem of leaves and roots, stomata and root meristems. The activity of the BT6.1 promoter was enhanced by the inclusion of intron-containing fragments derived from the maize Ubi-1, rice Act-1, and sugarcane rbcS 5' untranslated regions in GUS reporter gene constructs. In transient assays in banana, the rice Act-1 and maize Ubi-1 introns provided the most significant enhancement, increasing expression levels 300-fold and 100-fold, respectively. The sugarcane rbcS intron increased expression about 10-fold. In stably transformed banana plants, the maize Ubi-1 intron enhanced BT6.1 promoter activity to levels similar to that of the CaMV 35S promoter, but did not appear to alter the tissue specificity of the promoter.
Both 'Grand Nain' and 'Bluggoe' were transformed with constructs that could potentially confer resistance to BBTV and BBrMV, including constructs containing BBTV DNA-1 major and internal genes, BBTV DNA-5 gene, and the BBrMV coat protein-coding region all under the control of the Ubi-1 promoter, while the BT6 promoter was used to drive the npt II selectable marker gene. At least 30 transgenic lines containing each construct were identified and replicates of each line are currently being generated by micropropagation in preparation for virus challenge.
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Monsion, Baptiste. "FLUCTUATIONS DEMOGRAPHIQUES AU COURS DU CYCLE DE VIE DU CaMV (Cauliflower mosaic virus). Estimation de la taille efficace des populations virales lors de la colonisation des feuilles de la plante hôte, évaluation de la multiplicité d'infection cellulaire au sein de ces feuilles, et estimation de la taille des goulots d'étranglement lors de sa transmission d'hôte à hôte par vecteur." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681500.
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Le CaMV (Cauliflower mosaic virus) est un virus de plante à ADN transmis par pucerons. Comme pour tout autre virus, les larges fluctuations démographiques au cours du cycle de vie jouent un rôle prépondérant dans l'évolution, et pourtant, peu de données expérimentales sont disponibles à ce sujet. Afin de suivre l'évolution des populations de CaMV, nous avons construit 6 clones distincts marqués à un même locus, et développé une nouvelle méthode d'analyse : Quantitative Single-letter Sequencing (QSS). En quantifiant l'évolution de la fréquence des marqueurs, au sein d'une plante infectée, cette méthode nous a permis d'évaluer la taille efficace des populations du CaMV : plusieurs centaines à plusieurs milliers de génomes sont à l'origine de la colonisation de chaque feuille durant le développement de l'infection systémique ; une valeur 10 à 100 fois supérieure à celle estimé auparavant chez des phytovirus à ARN. Ensuite, nous avons poussé l'analyse au niveau cellulaire et montré que la multiplicité d'infection des cellules individuelles de l'hôte (MOI) n'est pas constante. Elle augmente au fil du temps pour culminer à une valeur proche de 7, qui dépasse amplement les données disponibles dans la littérature, quelle que soit l'espèce virale considérée. Il est très probable qu'une très forte MOI conditionne au moins partiellement la taille efficace élevé des populations du CaMV, mais cette hypothèse butte sur l'absence totale de donnée concernant la MOI chez d'autres virus de plantes. Enfin, connaissant la composition moyenne des populations mixtes de CaMV marqués, au niveau des feuilles et des cellules qui les composent, nous avons contrôlé le comportement alimentaire des pucerons vecteurs par la technique EPG, et évalué l'impact de ce comportement sur le goulot d'étranglement génétique induit sur la population virale lors de la transmission.
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Hall, Marla Dale. "Genetic characterization and utilization of multiple Aegilops tauschii derived pest resistance genes in wheat." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/196.
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Thompson, Nicole 1975. "Sugarcane striate mosaic associated virus : RNA sequence and genome organisation, taxonomy and detection." 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht4744.pdf.
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Includes corrigendum attached to back leaf. Bibliography: leaves 114-132. This thesis describes the complete nucleotide sequence and genome organisation of SCSMaV-RNA, examines the taxonomy of SCSMaV by phylogenetic analysis, and describes the development of diagnostic tests for application to field study. (abstract)
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Thompson, Nicole 1975. "Sugarcane striate mosaic associated virus : RNA sequence and genome organisation, taxonomy and detection / Nicole Thompson." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19873.
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Includes corrigendum attached to back leaf.<br>Bibliography: leaves 114-132.<br>xvi, 132 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.<br>This thesis describes the complete nucleotide sequence and genome organisation of SCSMaV-RNA, examines the taxonomy of SCSMaV by phylogenetic analysis, and describes the development of diagnostic tests for application to field study. (abstract)<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Applied and Molecular Ecology, 2001
32
Quint, Marcel [Verfasser]. "Resistance gene analogues as a tool for basic and applied resistance genetics exemplified by sugarcane mosaic virus resistance in maize (Zea mays L.) / Marcel Quint." 2004. http://d-nb.info/970339925/34.
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33
ZHENG, QIU-PING, and 鄭秋萍. "Preparation of monoclonal antibody for differentiating strains of sugarcane mosaic virus." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83750420876843474443.
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Weiland, John J. "The roles of turnip yellow mosaic virus genes in virus replication." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36154.
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Turnip yellow mosaic virus is a monopartite, plus sense RNA virus
infecting the Cruciferae, and is a model system for the study of RNA virus
replication. A cDNA clone (pTYMC) representing an infectious RNA
genome of the European isolate of TYMV was constructed and used to assess
the importance of virus genes in virus infectivity.
Derivatives of pTYMC with alterations in open reading frame 69 (ORF-
69) were made. The mutations disrupted the expression of ORF-69 in vitro as
predicted. Although the ORF-69 mutants were competent for replication in
protoplasts, none of the mutants detectably infected turnip or Chinese cabbage
plants, except where reversion mutations led to the restoration of an
uninterrupted ORF-69. The data suggest a role for ORF-69 expression in the
cell-to-cell movement of the virus.
Mutant RNAs with a deletion or frameshift in the coat protein ORF
infected protoplasts and plant leaves. No systemic infection symptoms were
generated by these mutants, and no viral products were detected in young,
expanding tissue of infected plants. When the coat protein deletion mutant
and an ORF-69 mutant were co-inoculated onto plants, only a virus
producing a coat protein of wild type size was detected in symptomatic,
systemic tissue in these inoculations, emphasizing a requirement for the
expression of native size coat protein for the systemic translocation of TYMV
infection.
The role of ORF-206 expression in TYMV replication was examined.
Three classes of mutants were made in ORF-206: those affecting the synthesis
of the 150 kDa protein, those affecting the synthesis of the 70 kDa protein, and
those affecting the synthesis of both the 150 and the 70 kDa proteins. All ORF-
206 mutations eliminated RNA infectivity. Protoplast inoculations using
mixtures of individual ORF-206 mutant RNAs and a helper genome
demonstrated that co-replication of defective genomes could occur.
Moreover, inoculations in which individual 150 kDa and 70 kDa protein
mutant RNAs were combined showed that complementation between these
two classes of mutants was possible. The data indicate that RNAs expressing
wild type 150 kDa protein are favored replication substrates in mixed
infections, and suggest that the 150 kDa protein functions preferentially in cis.<br>Graduation date: 1993
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YANG, GIONG-RU, and 楊瓊儒. "Monoclonal antibodies to sugarcane mosaic virus infecting badilacane and some studies on disease ecology." Thesis, 1987. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91394182317413175868.
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Wallace, S. Ellen. "Search for protein-protein interactions underlying the cis-preferential replication of turnip yellow mosaic virus." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34184.
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Coreplication experiments have revealed that replication of
turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) RNA in turnip protoplasts is cis-preferential.
Genomes encoding mutant p141 or p66, proteins
essential for virus replication, were inefficiently rescued by a
helper genome. One model for the cis-preferential replication of
TYMV is that p66 and p141 form a complex that associates with the
RNA from which they are translated, limiting their availability in
trans. Three types of experiments were used in this study in an
attempt to obtain physical evidence for the hypothetical interaction
between p66 and p141. Immunoprecipitations from in vitro
translation reactions using antiserum that recognizes p66 (and its
progenitor, p206) coprecipitate p141, indicating that the proteins
form a complex in vitro. The results of coimmunoprecipitations of
translation products with in-frame deletions did not lead to
definitive information about interaction domains. p66 and the
helicase domain of p141 do not detectably interact in the yeast two-hybrid
system or in GST fusion interaction assays. Problems with
the expression of full length p141 fusions make conclusions about
the interaction of other p141 domains with p66 not possible at this
time. Since the helicase domain of p141 does not appear to interact
with p66, future experiments will focus on obtaining expression of
smaller domains of p141, outside the helicase domain, and
determining if they interact with p66. Variations to the model that
do not necessitate the direct interaction between p66 and p141 are
also considered.<br>Graduation date: 1997
37
Tsai, Ching-Hsiu. "Characterization of the role of the 3' noncoding region of turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36247.
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38
Hajimorad, Mohammad Reza. "Variation in alfalfa mosaic virus with special reference to its immunochemical properties / Mohammad Reza Hajimorad." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19057.
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Includes Appendix listing other publications by the author.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-181).<br>vi, 182 leaves : ill., photos ; 30 cm.<br>Alfalfa mosaic virus was isolated from lucerne (Medicago sativa) plants with a variety of disease symptoms. Experiments showed that each isolate was biologically distinct and that the host range and symptomatology of each isolate was affected by the environmental condition.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Pathology, 1990
39
Shi, Chun [Verfasser]. "Identification of differentially expressed genes associated with sugarcane mosaic virus resistance in maize (Zea mays L.) / Chun Shi." 2005. http://d-nb.info/974436402/34.
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Fahim, Muhammad. "Natural and engineered resistance to wheat streak mosaic virus (Tritimovirus: Potyviridae)." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151212.
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Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is a new virus of wheat crop in Australia. Discovered in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in 2003, the virus has put Australian commercial bread wheat at a risk of major losses. Although, the virus is naturally transmitted by Wheat curl mites (WCM), some of the Australian farming community expressed concerns that grazing of early sown, dual-purpose wheat for winter forage may have a role in the spread of WSMV. We probed this issue in a series of experiments with housed sheep grazing on WSMV infected wheat plants. However, we find no evidence for the suggestion that grazing sheep spread the WSMV between plants in a grazed wheat crop as a consequence of the grazing process itself. We tested for natural resistance against WSMV in diverse germplasm including three different known resistance sources in cultivated wheat. Previously reported resistances were effective against the Australian isolate of WSMV. Some accessions of these resistances were ineffective at higher temperatures (all Wsm1 and most Wsm2 accessions); some were reported to have linked negative agronomic traits (most accessions of Wsm1). Two exceptions were c2652 and Wsm2 accession CA745 which were very effective at controlled higher temperatures (28{u00B0}C), in the glasshouse, and also protected plants from symptoms and yield loss following WSMV mechanical inoculation in the field, making these two sources particularly useful in the relatively warm Australian agro-climate. New molecular markers were developed for the various derivatives of Wsm1 resistance that should help speed up the breeding of resistance into wheat cultivars. These Wsm1 markers are now being used by CSIRO for breeding Wsm1-resistance into elite wheat cultivars. Furthermore, we developed and tested two independent transgenic strategies based on intron-hairpin RNA (ihpRNAi) and artificial microRNAs (amiRNA). Both strategies were effective in conferring immunity in transgenic wheat to mechanically inoculated WSMV. We classified this resistance as immunity by four criteria: no disease symptoms were produced; Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) readings were as in un-inoculated plants; viral sequences could not be detected by RT-PCR from leaf extracts; and leaf extracts failed to give infections in susceptible plants when used in test-inoculation experiments. We developed ihpRNA or RNAi based immune transgenic wheat by designing an RNAi construct to target the Nuclear inclusion protein 'a' (NIa) gene of WSMV. The Northern and Southern blot hybridization analysis indicated the ihpRNA transgene integrated into the wheat genome and was processed into typical 21-24 nucleotide long siRNAs and correlated with immunity in transgenic plants. In order to achieve amiRNA immunity, we designed five artificial microRNAs (amiRNA) against different portions of the WSMV genome, utilising published miRNA sequence and folding rules; these amiRNAs were incorporated into five duplex arms of the polycistronic rice primary microRNA (pri-miR395) and transformed into wheat. Southern blot hybridisation showed that the transgene was stably integrated into the wheat genome and processed into small RNAs, both correlating with transgenic resistance against WSMV. As a consequence of the work described in this thesis, the wheat industry in Australia and abroad has both conventional and transgenic options for the control of this serious viral pathogen.
41
Geering, Andrew D. W. "The epidemiology of cucumber mosaic virus in narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) in South Australia / Andrew D.W. Geering." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21628.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-171).<br>xx, 171 leaves : ill. (some col.), photos ; 30 cm.<br>Studies factors affecting the rate of epidemic progress of cucumber mosaic virus in Lupinus angustifolius.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--Dept. of Crop Protection, University of Adelaide,1992
42
Matsuda, Daiki. "Two new roles for the TYMV tRNA-like structure : translation enhancement and repression of minus strand synthesis." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30728.
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Some positive-strand RNA plant viruses possess a transfer RNA-like structure
(TLS) at the 3'-terminus of their genomic RNAs. The closest mimicry to tRNA is
exhibited by the valylatable TLSs from tymoviruses and furo-like viruses, which are able
to interact with key cellular tRNA enzymes: [CTP, ATP]:tRNA nucleotidyltransferase
(CCA NTase), valyl-tRNA synthetase (ValRS), and translation elongation factor 1A
(eEF1A). In this thesis, I report the discovery of two new roles of the Turnip yellow
mosaic tymovirus TLS, in translation enhancement (Chapter 2) and repression of minus
strand initiation (Chapter 4).
Placement of the 3'-terminal 109 nts of TYMV RNA in a luciferase reporter RNA
with a generic 5'-UTR enhanced translation by about 20-fold in cowpea protoplasts.
Exhibiting a synergistic relationship with the 5'-cap, the 3'-translation enhancement was
largely dependent on the aminoacylatability of the TLS and apparently on eEF1A
interaction. In the presence of the 5'-UTR from genomic TYMV RNA, translation of
both the overlapping proteins p69 and p206 was strongly dependent on a 5'-cap structure,
and was enhanced by the 3'-enhancer. These in vivo results contradict the proposed
model in which translation initiation of p206, but not p69, is cap-independent and TLS-dependent (Barends et al. Cell 112(2003):123-9).
In vitro experiments with a partially purified preparation of TYMV replicase have
investigated the phenomenon of minus strand repression. Interaction of purified
eEF1A���GTP specifically with the valylated TLS decreased the template activity for
minus strand to near-background levels. eEF1A���GTP acts by making the 3'-CCA minus
strand initiation site unavailable to the replicase. The influence of eEF1A in
simultaneously enhancing translation and repressing minus strand synthesis can be
considered a regulation that ensures robust translation early in the infection and that
offers a coordinated transition from translation to replication.
Previously shown to be critical for TYMV infectivity, a valylatable TLS was
investigated for its role in the replication and infectivity of the bipartite Peanut clump
pecluvirus. A valylatable TLS provided a small competitive advantage in protoplasts and
whole plants. The advantage was more apparent in protoplasts than in whole plants, and
more so in the replication protein-encoding RNA1 than in the trans-replicating RNA2.<br>Graduation date: 2004
43
Torok, Valeria Anna. "Biological and molecular variation among isolates of pea seed borne mosaic virus / Valeria Anna Torok." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21692.
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Corrigendum inserted at the back.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-158).<br>xvi, 158 leaves : ill., col. map ; 30 cm.<br>Sixteen pea seed borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) isolates were collected between 1995 and 1998. These isolates were biologically distinct yet serologically indistinguishable. The conclusion is that PSbMV is widespread and occurs at a low incidence in Australia. Reports sequence information on new isolates of PSbMV which has allowed genomic regions to be identified which distinguish PSbMV pathotypes and isolates; and, to the development of PSbMV nucleic acid hybridisation and RT-PCR assays.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Applied and Molecular Ecology, 2001
44
Allie, Farhahna. "Gene expression studies towards the elucidation of host responses to South African cassava mosaic virus." Thesis, 2014.
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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, 2013.<br>Unable to load abstract.
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Busto, Jennifer Lee. "Transcriptional changes in Nicotiana benthamiana induced by tobamoviral transfection." Thesis, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=1&did=913527421&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1235524057&clientId=23440.
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