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1
Rosenschein, A. D., und D. O. Hall. „Energy analysis of ethanol production from sugarcane in Zimbabwe“. Biomass and Bioenergy 1, Nr. 4 (Januar 1991): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0961-9534(91)90009-2.
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2
Mazodze, R., und P. Zvoutete. „Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae against Heteronychus licas (Scarabaedae: Dynastinae) in sugarcane in Zimbabwe“. Crop Protection 18, Nr. 9 (November 1999): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-2194(99)00061-7.
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3
Nhiwatiwa, Tamuka, Tatenda Dalu und Luc Brendonck. „Impact of irrigation based sugarcane cultivation on the Chiredzi and Runde Rivers quality, Zimbabwe“. Science of The Total Environment 587-588 (Juni 2017): 316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.155.
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4
Teetes, G. L., C. S. Manthe, G. C. Peterson, K. Leuschner und B. B. Pendleton. „Sorghum resistant to the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Homoptera: Aphididae), in Botswana and Zimbabwe“. Insect Science and Its Application 16, Nr. 1 (März 1995): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400018336.
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AbstractSeedlings of 462 sorghum lines were screened to identify resistance to the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). About 7% of the lines exhibited resistance in the seedling stage in greenhouse trials. In an advanced screening experiment, 12 sorghum lines had resistance ratings of 1.0–3.0 (highly resistant or resistant). In a similar test, older and larger plants of the same lines were as resistant as in the seedling stage. Lines IS12664C, IS12609C, IS12158C, and IS12661C were highly resistant in preliminary and advanced screening trials. Antixenosis was shown to be a mechanism of resistance. Sorghum lines IS12664C, IS1144C, IS1598C, and IS12661C were less preferred than ‘Mtode’, a susceptible sorghum. Based on greenhouse and field trials, antibiosis adversely affected aphid longevity, days reproducing, and progeny production. On the least antibiotic sorghums, longevity, days reproducing, and number of nymphs produced were as high as 13.7, 6.0, and 26.6, respectively. On the most antibiotic sorghums, these values were 4.5, 0.0, and 0.0. Resistance appeared to be controlled by a dominant gene, but there were indications of modifiers linked to major genes.
5
Asnaghi, C., A. D'Hont, J. C. Glaszmann und P. Rott. „Resistance of Sugarcane Cultivar R 570 to Puccinia melanocephala Isolatesfrom Different Geographic Locations“. Plant Disease 85, Nr. 3 (März 2001): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.3.282.
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Two different inoculation techniques were investigated before studying the reaction of the major rust resistance gene of sugarcane cultivar R 570 against isolates of Puccinia melanocephala from different geographic locations. Cultivar R 570 exhibited severe rust symptoms when in vitro plantlets were inoculated with a rust isolate from Réunion Island, but a good correlation with field resistance was observed when detached leaves were inoculated with the pathogen. This latter technique was then used to inoculate R 570 and a sample of its self progeny with rust isolates from Brazil, Colombia, Florida (three isolates), Guadeloupe, Réunion Island, and Zimbabwe. R 570 was resistant to all isolates of P. melanocephala, and the segregation of resistance in the progeny did not change with the isolates, suggesting that a single gene, or a single chromosomic region, was involved in the resistance against all tested isolates. This major resistance gene has, therefore, potential value to improve resistance to rust in various geographic regions.
6
Mhiribidi, Delight, Joel Nobert, Webster Gumindoga und Donald T. Rwasoka. „Optimal water resource allocation modelling in the Lowveld of Zimbabwe“. Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 378 (29.05.2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-378-67-2018.
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Abstract. The management and allocation of water from multi-reservoir systems is complex and thus requires dynamic modelling systems to achieve optimality. A multi-reservoir system in the Southern Lowveld of Zimbabwe is used for irrigation of sugarcane estates that produce sugar for both local and export consumption. The system is burdened with water allocation problems, made worse by decommissioning of dams. Thus the aim of this research was to develop an operating policy model for the Lowveld multi-reservoir system.The Mann Kendall Trend and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests were used to assess the variability of historic monthly rainfall and dam inflows for the period 1899–2015. The WEAP model was set up to evaluate the water allocation system of the catchment and come-up with a reference scenario for the 2015/2016 hydrologic year. Stochastic Dynamic Programming approach was used for optimisation of the multi-reservoirs releases.Results showed no significant trend in the rainfall but a significantly decreasing trend in inflows (p < 0.05). The water allocation model (WEAP) showed significant deficits ( ∼ 40 %) in irrigation water allocation in the reference scenario. The optimal rule curves for all the twelve months for each reservoir were obtained and considered to be a proper guideline for solving multi- reservoir management problems within the catchment. The rule curves are effective tools in guiding decision makers in the release of water without emptying the reservoirs but at the same time satisfying the demands based on the inflow, initial storage and end of month storage.
7
Kambanje, Cuthbert, und Abenet Belete. „The Character of Emerging Biofuel Value Chains: Focus on the Chisumbanje Sugarcane Bio-ethanol Chain in Zimbabwe“. Journal of Human Ecology 60, Nr. 2-3 (02.12.2017): 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2017.1413973.
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8
Booth, R. J., und C. J. Lightfoot. „The reticulation of ethanol stillage through irrigation systems and its use for fertilisation of sugarcane in Zimbabwe“. Agricultural Water Management 17, Nr. 1-3 (Januar 1990): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(90)90055-4.
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Mtunzi, Busiso, Tshengedzeni Mampwheli, Edson Meyer und Wilson Mungwena. „Bagasse-based co-generation at Hippo Valley Estates sugar factory in Zimbabwe“. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 23, Nr. 1 (05.10.2017): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2012/v23i1a3158.
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The paper reports on the assessment of the use of bagasse for cogeneration purposes at Hippo Valley Estates (HVE), a sugar manufacturing company in Zimbabwe. Much emphasis was on an assessment of the quantity of energy that was lost due to inefficient combustion of bagasse and the use of steam that was generated. The study investigated the quantity of sugar cane processed and the possible corresponding steam produced; the sugarcane processed was found to be approximately 2.33 million tons per annum and the steam produced was 193.1 tons per hour. The steam was used in the process department as well as to drive mills. The excess steam generated was found to be 81.03 tons per hour. Economic analysis on the use of excess steam to produce extra power for sale to the utility company was also undertaken. It was established that the power plant for the company could generate an annual surplus of US2.8Million as revenue, and the payback period was found to be 3.3 years. The sensitivity analysis of the project indicated that the electricity prices as well as the energy produced were the most sensitive areas in the project. The other inputs such as operations and maintenance costs, interest, capital investment and number of years were not as sensitive as the price and the energy.
10
Mutanga, Shingirirai, Abel Ramoelo und Tichatonga Gonah. „Trend Analysis of Small Scale Commercial Sugarcane Production in Post Resettlement Areas of Mkwasine Zimbabwe, Using Hyper-Temporal Satellite Imagery“. Advances in Remote Sensing 02, Nr. 01 (2013): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ars.2013.21004.
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11
Kambanje, Cuthbert, und Abenet Belete. „The Impacts of Ethanol Blending and Indigenization Policies on Value Creation and Income Distribution along the Emerging Chisumbanje Sugarcane Bio-Ethanol Value Chain in Zimbabwe“. Journal of Human Ecology 59, Nr. 2-3 (02.09.2017): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2017.1353576.
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12
„Sugarcane gumming disease. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Nr. 7) (01.08.1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500003.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Sugarcane gumming disease Bacteria Hosts: Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Reunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, French, Guiana, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Fiji, Papua New Guinea.
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„Sugarcane mosaic virus. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Nr. 5) (01.08.1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500299.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Sugarcane mosaic virus Brandes. Hosts: Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), maize (Zea mays), sorghum and other Poaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Angola, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Madeira, Malawi, Morocco, Nigeria, Reunion, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Asia, Andaman Islands, Bangladesh, Burma, China, Fujian, Gunagdong, Sichuan, Formosa, India, Indonesia, Java, Irian Jaya, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kampuchea, Laos, Malaysia, Peninsular, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Fiji, Hawaii, Papua New Guinea, Europe, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Spain, Yugoslavia, North America, Mexico, USA, Central America & West Indies, Antigua, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, French Antilles, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Salvador, St Kitts & Nevis, St Thomas, St Vincent, Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies, South America, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela.
14
„Busseola fusca. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, December (01.08.1988). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp20056600499.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Busseola fusca (Fuller) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae] Maize stalk borer. Attacks maize, sorghum, millet, sugarcane. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Angola, Benin, Burkina, Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
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„Chnootriba similis. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, June (01.08.1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20056600541.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Chnootriba similis (Thunberg) Coleoptera: Coccinellidae Maize ladybird. Attacks rice, maize, wheat, barley, sorghum, sugarcane. = Epilachna similis(Thunberg) Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Angola, Burkina, Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
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„Cicadulina mbila. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, December (01.08.1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp20056600481.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Cicadulina mbila (Naudé) [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae]. Attacks and transmits pathogenic agents to maize, wheat, millet, sugarcane and grasses. Information is given on the geographical distribution in USSR, Tadzhikistan, AFRICA, Angola, Botswana, Cape Verde Islands, Congo, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, ASIA, India, Delhi, Himachal, Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Mysore, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Yemen.
17
„Planococcus kenyae. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, Nr. 1st revision) (01.07.2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20066600384.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Planococcus kenyae (Le Pelley) Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae Attacks a wide range of tropical and subtropical crops including coffee (Coffea spp.), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), yam (Dioscorea spp.), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Citrus and cocoa (Theobroma cacao). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe.
18
„Sipha flava. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, No.June (01.07.2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20163203816.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Sipha flava (Forbes). Hemiptera: Aphididae. Hosts: warm- and cool-season grasses including Miscanthus spp., sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Portugal, Azores, Madeira, Spain), Africa (Morocco, South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico, USA, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nebraska, New York, Oklahoma, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia), Central America and Carribbean (Bahamas, Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras).
19
„Heteronychus arator. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, Nr. 1st revision) (01.08.2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20066600163.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Heteronychus arator (Fabricius) Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Adults and larvae both attack roots of pasture plants, sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), maize (Zea mays), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), vegetables etc. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Angola, Botswana, Comoros, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, St Helena, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Santa, Catarina, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island.
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Kudakwashe, Shirichena, Mavondo Greanious Alfred, Moyo Obadiah, Chikuse Francis Farai, Mkwanazi Blessing Nkazimulo und Gwatiringa Calletta. „Evaluation of the Appropriateness of the Current Sugarcane Out-grower Support Programs towards Improving Yields in the Lowveld of Zimbabwe“. Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research, 14.05.2020, 20–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2020/v13i230101.
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Problem: Sugar production has drastically reduced over the years due to several reasons. The effects of the Land Redistribution Program (LRP) on agriculture, price controls, associated inflationary economic conditions, and hostile international foreign policies have formatted years of economical upheavals affecting sugarcane production. The infrastructure which had been developed to the point of being among the most sophisticated irrigation systems in the world, is threatened with collapse. Approximately 872 out-grower farmers, largely beneficiaries of the Fast Track Land Reform and Redistribution Program, have acquired sizable tract of land hoping to build the sugar industry but numerous problems beset the sector players.
Objectives: To find solutions to the sugar production through investigating and looking into the appropriateness of the out-grower support for this end.
Methods: Out-growers, beneficiaries of the Land Reform program and targeted sugar producers were observed to be the best source of information on how best to revitalize sugar production in Zimbabwe. Probability random sampling technique to select the out-growers was used. A list of all the out-growers was drawn and using the Kth term every eighth name was picked until a sample of 100 was reached. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants. Five-point Likert scale close-ended questions were used in the questionnaire followed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient analysis for internal validity and reliability testing. GraphPad InStat Software (version 5, GraphPad Software, San Diego, California USA) was used for relative statistical comparisons between estimates with. P values of 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: The population age groups of out-grower farmers were mixed with majority of them falling between 46 to 55 years with the majority of the farmers having 10 to 19 years of experience in sugarcane farming business. Most out-growers were educated holding at Ordinary (O) level of education. Out-growers who did ordinary level and above proved to be following the standard sugarcane procedures. A relatively high proportion of respondents followed the standard sugarcane growing procedures although the farmers did not possess enough business managerial skills. There was a notable difference in production between farmers that had formal sugarcane growing training than those that did not have. A significant proportion of lending institutions charged rather exorbitant interest rates and lacked flexibility required by the farmers.
Conclusion: The general business operating environment for out-grower farmers was rather hostile with short loan repayment periods, reduced yields per hectare and low profit margins. The sugarcane out-growers were not keen to form syndicates for buying inputs or repairing infrastructures.
Main recommendation: Out-growers should be provided with funding and training to allow them to utilize resources adequately to generate incomes that will allow them to support the agricultural activities efficiently without relying on input support from commercial plantation owners. Out-growers need to be encouraged to form partnerships for to enable them to advantages in reducing production costs.
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„Rotylenchulus parvus. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Nr. 1) (01.07.2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500952.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Rotylenchulus parvus (Williams) Sher Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae Hosts: Wide host range, including cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), maize (Zea mays), papaya (Carica papaya), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), also other Poaceae and Fabaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Cyprus, ASIA, India, Haryana, Iran, Pakistan, AFRICA, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Arizona, California, Florida, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Dominican Republic, United States Virgin Islands, OCEANIA, Australia, Queensland, Tasmania.
22
„Chilo partellus. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, December (Revised) (01.08.1989). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20046600184.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Lepidoptera: Pyralidae (spotted stem borer). Attacks Sorghum, maize, millet, rice, sugarcane, Job's tears and many grasses. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Botswana, Cameroon, Comoro Islands, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Réunion, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Asia, Afghanistan, Cambodia, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Yemen, Benin, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Japan, Taiwan.
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„Puccinia melanocephala. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Nr. 3) (01.08.1991). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500462.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Puccinia melanocephala H. Sydow & Sydow. Hosts: Sugarcane (Saccharum), Erianthus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Cameroon, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Reunion, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Asia, China, Hupeh, Yunnan, India, Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Madras, Maharashtra, Mysore, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Indonesia, Sumatra, Japan, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Australia & Oceania, Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Fiji, North America, Bermuda, Mexico, USA, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Hawaii, Central America & West Indies, Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Salvador, Trinidad, South America, Brazil, Sao Paulo, Southern Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela.
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„Xanthomonas albilineans. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Nr. 7) (01.08.1996). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500033.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dowson. Hosts: sugarcane (Saccharum), occasionally other Poaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zaire, Zimbabwe, Asia, Cambodia, China, India, Uttar Pradesh, Indonesia, Java, Sulawesi, Japan, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Fiji, Hawaii, North America, Mexico, USA, Florida, Louisiana, Texas, Central America & West Indies, Barbados, Cuba, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Jamaica, Martinique, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Trinidad, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Guyana, Surinam, Uruguay, Venezuela.
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„Ustilago scitaminea. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Nr. 6) (01.08.1991). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500079.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Ustilago scitaminea H. Sydow. Hosts: Sugarcane (Saccharum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Burkina Faso, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Asia, Afghanistan, Burma, Cambodia, China, Canton, Szechwan, Kwantung, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Java, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Ryukyu Islands, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, USSR, Turkestan, Australasia & Oceania, Fiji, Hawaii, Europe, Portugal, North America, Mexico, USA, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Texas, Central America & West Indies, Barbados, Belize, Caribbean Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, St Kitts, Trinidad & Tobago, South America, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Ceara, Colombia, Guyana, Surinam, Venezuela.
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„Phaeocytostroma sacchari. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Nr. 4) (01.08.1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500255.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phaeocytostroma sacchari (Ell. & Ev.) Sutton. Hosts: Sugarcane (Saccharum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Angola, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Nigeria, Reunion, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Asia, Andaman Islands, Burma, China, India, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madras, Indonesia, Java, Iraq, Japan, Malaysia, W. Sabah, Okinawa, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Fiji, French Polynesia, Hawaii, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Europe, Portugal, North America, Bermuda, Mexico, USA, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Central America & West Indies, Antigua, Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nevis, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, St Kitts, St Lucia, St Vincent, Trinidad & Tobago, South America, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Pernambuco, Para, Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela.
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„Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Nr. 5) (01.08.2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500318.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli Davis et al. Bacteria Hosts: Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Spain, Mainland Spain, ASIA, Bangladesh, China, Guangdong, India, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Indonesia, Java, Japan, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, AFRICA, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Comoros, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Fiji.
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„Scutellonema brachyurus. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.October (01.07.2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20063191819.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Scutellonema brachyurus (Steiner) Andrássy. Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae. Hosts: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), grapevine (Vitis vinifera), maize (Zea mays), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), pummelo (Citrus maxima), rice (Oryza sativa), soyabean (Glycine max) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, UK), Asia (Brunei Darussalam, China, Sichuan, India, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand), Africa (Congo Democratic Republic, Egypt, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), North America (Canada, USA, Arkansas, California, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina), Central America and Caribbean (Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Jamaica), South America (Brazil, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Falkland Islands, Peru, Venezuela), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Samoa, Tonga).
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„Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Nr. 2) (01.08.1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500511.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (Manns) Willems, Goor, Thielmans, Kersters & De Ley. Hosts: Maize (Zea mays), sugarcane (Saccharum), teosinte (Euchlaena mexicana) and other Poaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Comoro Islands, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zimbabwe, Asia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, China, Guangdong, Zhejiang, India, Bihar, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Delhi, Punjab, Indonesia, Java, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Okinwawa, Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Australasia, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia, Fiji, Guam, Hawaii, Papua New Guinea, Tahiti, Europe, Portugal, North America, Mexico, USA, Central America & West Indies, Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Kitts, St Lucia, Trinidad, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Campos, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Minas Gerais, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Uruguay, Venezuela.
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„Maize dwarf mosaic virus. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Nr. 1) (01.08.2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500899.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Maize dwarf mosaic virus Viruses: Potyviridae: Potyvirus Hosts: Maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), also sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), millet (Panicum miliaceum) and many other Poaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Central Russia Russia, Spain, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (Fed. Rep.), ASIA, China, Gansu, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, India, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic, Pakistan, Taiwan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Yemen, AFRICA, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Mauritius, Morocco, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Ontario, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, California, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Cuba, Haiti, Honduras, SOUTH AMERICA Argentina, Brazil, Goias, Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, Queensland, Victoria.
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„Pseudomonas rubrilineans. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Nr. 5) (01.08.1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500039.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pseudomonas rubrilineans[Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae] (Lee et al.) Stapp. Hosts: sugarcane (Saccharum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Comoro Island, Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire Republic, Zimbabwe, Asia, Burma, China, Formosa (Taiwan), India, Bihar, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Delhi, Punjab, Indonesia, Java, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Kampuchea, Malaysia, Nepal, Okinawa, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Fiji, Guam, Hawaii, Papua New Guinea, Tahiti, North America, Mexico, USA, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Central America & West Indies, Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Salvador, St Kitts, St Lucia, Trinidad, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Minas Gerais, Montana, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela. This map has since been incorporated into Map No. 511, Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (Manns) Willems, Goor, Thielmans, Kersters & De Ley.
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„Ceratocystis paradoxa. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Nr. 5) (01.08.1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500142.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Ceratocystis paradoxa (Dade) C. Moreau. Hosts: Pineapple (Ananas comosus), sugarcane (Saccharum), banana (Musa) etc. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Algeria, Angola, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zimbabwe, Asia, Andaman Islands, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Chagos Archipelago, China, Jiangsu, Nanking, India, Assam, Kerala, madras, Mysore, Punjab, Pusa, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Kampuchea, Malaysia, Okinawa, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Fiji, Hawaii, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tahiti, Vanuatu, Europe, France, Italy, Madeira, North America, Mexico, USA, Central America & West Indies, Antigua, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nevis, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Kitts, St Lucia, St Vincent, Salvador, Trinidad & Tobago, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Uruguay, Venezuela.
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„Leptosphaeria sacchari. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Nr. 4) (01.08.1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20056500330.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Leptosphaeria sacchari v. Breda de Haan. Hosts: Sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Angola, Benin, Central African Republic, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea Republic, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Réunion, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Upper Volta, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, ASIA, Andaman Islands, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China (Kwantung; Kwangsi), Martin, Hong Kong, India (Madras, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Assam), (Mysore, Andhra Pradesh), Indonesia (Java), (West Irian), (Kalimantan), Japan, Peninsular Malaysia (Sabah), (Sarawak), Nepal, Okinawa, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia (New South Wales, Qd), British Solomon Islands, Fiji, Guadalcanal, Hawaii, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Vanuatu, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Antigua, Antilles, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Salvador, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, Trinidad & Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina (Tucuman), Bolivia, Brazil (Pernambuco, Sao Paulo), (Amazonia), Colombia, Guinea, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela.
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„Sporisorium scitamineum. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Nr. 7) (01.08.2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20083091289.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Sporisorium scitamineum (Syd.) M. Piepenbr., M. Stoll & Oberw. Fungi: Basidiomycotina: Ustilaginales. Hosts: sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Portugal), Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, India, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Iran, Japan, Bonin Islands, Ryukyu Archipelago, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Vietnam), Africa (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico, USA, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Texas), Central America and Caribbean (Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts-Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ceara, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela), Oceania (Australia, Queensland, Western Australia).
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„Pratylenchus zeae. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Nr. 1) (01.08.2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500830.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pratylenchus zeae Graham Nematoda: Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae Hosts: Mainly rice (Oryza sativa), also maize (Zea mays), Sorghum and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Bulgaria, ASIA, Afghanistan, India, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Hamanaka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Sumatra, Iraq, Japan, Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Vietnam, AFRICA, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Sao Pauto, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Texas, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Jamaica, Martinique, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Espirito Santo Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Ecuador Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga.
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„Glomerella tucumanensis. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Nr. 5) (01.08.2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500186.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Glomerella tucumanensis (Speg.) Arx & E. Müll. Fungi: Ascomycotina: Glomerellaceae Hosts: Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and other Saccharum spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Portugal, Madeira, ASIA, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Ryukyu Archipelago, Laos, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, AFRICA, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African, Republic Chad, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Cook Islands, Fed. States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu.
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„Melanaphis sacchari. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, No.December (01.08.2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20173018332.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). Hemiptera: Aphididae. Hosts: sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), Sorghum spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Yemen), Africa (Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico, USA, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas), Central America & Caribbean (Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Ceara, Minas Gerais, Para, Pernambuco, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Papua New Guinea).
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„Bipolaris sacchari. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.April (01.08.2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20123172043.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Bipolaris sacchari (E.J. Butler) Shoemaker. Ascomycota: Pleosporales. Hosts: sugarcane, citronella grass (Cymbopogon citratus) and elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Italy; Madeira, Portugal; and Far East, Russia), Asia (Bangladesh; Bhutan; Cambodia; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Nei Menggu, Sichuan and Yunnan, China; Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, India; Irian Jaya, Indonesia; Iran; Israel; Japan; Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia; Myanmar; Pakistan; Philippines; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Thailand; and Vietnam), Africa (Cameroon, Congo Democratic Republic, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico, and Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana and Maryland, USA), Central America and Caribbean (Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands and Windward Islands), South America (Argentina; Bolivia; Acre, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Colombia; French Guiana; Guyana; Peru; Suriname; and Venezuela) and Oceania (New South Wales and Queensland, Australia; Cook Islands; Federated States of Micronesia; Fiji; French Polynesia; New Zealand; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Samoa; Solomon Islands; and Vanuatu).
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„Gibberella fujikuroi var. moniliformis. [Distribution map].“ Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Nr. 7) (01.08.1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500102.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Gibberella fujikuroi (Sawada) Ito var. moniliformis (Wineland) Kuhlman. Hosts: Maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and others. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Algeria, Angola, Cameroon, Canary Islands, Central African Republic, Dahomey, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Asia, Afghanistan, Andaman Islands, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, E, Nebraska, Manchuria, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, West Irian, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Peninsular, Sabah, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, USSR, Caucasus, Far East, Vietnam, Yemen, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Northern Territory, Western Australia, South Australia, Fiji, Guam, Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Europe, Austria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, England and Channel Islands, Scotland, Yugoslavia, North America, Canada, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Mexico, USA, Central America & West Indies, Antigua, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Kitts, St Thomas, Salvador, Trinidad, Windward Islands, St Lucia, Grenada, Guadeloupe, South America, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Sergipe, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela.
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Saddler, G. S. „Xanthomonas albilineans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].“ IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, Nr. 146 (01.08.2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401452.
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Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas albilineans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Bambusa vulgaris, Coix lacryma-jobi, Cymbopogon citratus, Saccharum officinarum, S. spontaneum, Sorghum halepense, Zea mays (Poaceae). Wild hosts: Brachiaria piligera, Imperata cylindrica, Panicum maximum, Paspalum conjugatum, P. dilatatum, Pennisetum purpureum, Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Poaceae). DISEASE: Leaf scald of sugarcane, considered to be one of the major diseases of this host. Two disease phases have been recorded: chronic and acute. In the chronic phase a typical white line (1-2 mm wide) runs parallel to the leaf veins almost the entire length of the leaf. Latterly, lines may become diffuse and redden, particularly in the middle of the stripe. Partial or total chlorosis of leaves occurs (scalding) and is accompanied by an inward curling. In the acute phase of the disease, sudden plant death occurs with few or no symptoms. The disease can remain dormant until environmental conditions are favourable for symptom expression. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Congo Democratic Republic, Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zimbabwe. NORTH AMERICA: USA (Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Texas). CENTRAL AMERICA: Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico (Vera Cruz), Panama, Puerto Rico, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & Grenadines, Trinidad & Tobago. SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Brazil (Säo Paulo, Sergipe), Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela. ASIA: Cambodia, China, Taiwan, India (Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh), Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi), Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. AUSTRALASIA: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland), Fiji, French Polynesia, Papua New Guinea. TRANSMISSION: Primarily on infected cuttings and fluffs (mature flowers). The use of contaminated tools and harvesters aids local spread. Airborne infection has occurred and wet and stormy conditions are highly conducive to disease spread. Root to root infections have also been recorded (KLETT & ROTT, 1994).
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Saddler, G. S. „Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].“ IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, Nr. 122 (01.08.1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401211.
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Abstract A description is provided for Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Agropyron intermedium, A. trichophorum, Avena sativa, Bromus catharticus, B. marginatus, Camellia sinensis (may form a complex with Pseudomonas syringae pv. theae: 68, 955), Caryota mitis, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Eleusine coracana, Euchlaena mexicana, Oryza sativa, Panicum hirsutum, P. miliaceum, Paspalum nutans, P. paniculatum, P. urvillei, Pennisetum americanum, Saccharum officinarum, Setaria italica, S. lutescens, S. viridis, Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. DISEASE: Bacterial leaf blight of maize and sorghum, brown stripe of rice and red stripe of sugarcane. Symptoms in general consist of leaf streaks and stripes, which may extend into the sheaths. Occasionally a stalk rot develops. Symptoms are more severe on seedlings and immature plants. Discolouration of seeds can occur on rice. In fishtail palm (Caryota mitis), lesions are mainly at the leaf margin and brown/black with a chlorotic halo (Miller, 1992). In most cases conditions of high temperature and high relative humidity favour symptom development. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Comoro Is., Egypt, Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh, Burma, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Okinawa, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Australia, Fiji, Guam, Papua New Guinea, Tahiti, Italy, Portugal, Turkey, Mexico, USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Hawaii, Kansas, Louisiana, MT, Nebraska, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas & Virginia), Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts, Trinidad, Argentina, Brazil (Sao Paulo), Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Uruguay, Venezuela (CMI Map 511 ed. 1, 1976 & CMI Map 39 ed. 5, 1987). TRANSMISSION: The disease is largely thought to be seed borne. In rice, the bacterium is located between the glumes and the pericarp, or deeper in the seed (Shakya et al., 1986). There is evidence to suggest that mature plants which survive infection in the seedling stage harbour latent infections. The bacterium can be found in 8-yr old rice seed samples stored at 5°C (Shakya et al., 1985). The bacterium is not thought to survive well in soil or in plant debris. Alternative hosts such as Paspalum urvillei (Vasey grass) in Florida, USA have been noted as an inoculum reservoir in bacterial leaf blight of maize outbreaks (Shurtleff, 1973; 57, 4929).