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1
Podgornovs, Andrejs, und Anton Sipovics. „Electromechanical Battery, Electrical Machines Mass Functions Analysis“. Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Power and Electrical Engineering 28, Nr. 1 (01.01.2011): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10144-011-0009-7.
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Electromechanical Battery, Electrical Machines Mass Functions AnalysisIn this paper different types of electrical machines in electromechanical battery, were described. The most known manufactured battery data is composed. Three types of machines: synchronous machine with salient poles and electromagnetic excitation, with permanent magnets on rotor and reluctance synchronous machine were analyzed. For all types of machines, mass is function of general geometrical size of magnetic system and machines electrical power.
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Juszczak, Ewa Napieralska, Daniel Roger, Krzysztof Komeza, Marcin Lefik und Piotr Napieralski. „Architecture choices for high-temperature synchronous machines“. Open Physics 18, Nr. 1 (27.10.2020): 683–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2020-0154.
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AbstractThe article proposes an analysis of the possible architectures of synchronous machines with an ability to operate at high temperatures of over 200°C in their environment. Two machine principles have been considered: the permanent magnet synchronous machine and the synchronous reluctance machine. The numerical analyses are carried out with 3D-coupled electromagnetic-fluid-thermal models; the electromagnetic one provides the local losses that give the input data to the coupled thermal-fluid analysis model for computing the temperatures inside the machines. The simulation results are used for estimating the temperature limit of each machine architecture, considering the characteristics of their critical parts.
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Zaghdoud, Bellal, und Abdallah Saadoun. „Inductances Calculation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine“. International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering 6, Nr. 3 (2014): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijcee.2014.v6.836.
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4
Zhang, Zhiwei, und Libing Zhou. „Design And Rotor Geometry Analysis Of Permanent Magnet–Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machines Using Ferrite Magnet“. Journal of Electrical Engineering 66, Nr. 6 (01.11.2015): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2015-0051.
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Abstract Various electric machines can be the candidate for electric vehicles applications, including induction machines, permanent magnet synchronous machines, switched reluctance machines, etc. Another class of machine, which has been relatively ignored, is synchronous reluctance machines. In order to enhance and increase torque density of pure synchronous reluctance machines, the low cost permanent magnet can be inserted into rotor lamination to contribute torque production, which is so-called permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance machines. This paper presents the design and rotor geometry analysis of low cost ferrite permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance machines with transversally-laminated rotor. The advanced finite element method will be employed to calculate d-axis and q-axis inductance variation with rotor geometric parameters. The electromagnetic performance of optimized permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance machines will be evaluated as well.
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Martinez, Maria, David Reigosa, Daniel Fernandez und Fernando Briz. „Comparative Analysis of High Frequency Signal Injection Based Torque Estimation Methods for SPMSM, IPMSM and SynRM“. Energies 13, Nr. 3 (28.01.2020): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030592.
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Torque estimation in permanent magnet synchronous machines and synchronous reluctance machines is required in many applications. Torque produced by a permanent magnet synchronous machine depends on the permanent magnets’ flux and d q -axes inductances, whereas torque in synchronous reluctance machines depends on the d q -axes inductances. Consequently, precise knowledge of these parameters is required for proper torque estimation. The use of high frequency signal both for permanent magnets’ flux and d q -axes inductances estimation has been recently shown to be a viable option. This paper reviews the physical principles, implementation and performance of high-frequency signal injection based torque estimation for permanent magnet synchronous machines and synchronous reluctance machines.
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Petrov, Timur, und Alfred Safin. „Theoretical aspects of optimization synchronous machine rotors“. E3S Web of Conferences 178 (2020): 01049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017801049.
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Permanent magnet synchronous electric machines are increasingly used in various drive technical complexes (oil industry, small generation, aviation industry, etc.). The presented optimization allows you to increase the energy performance of a synchronous machine without increasing the overall dimensions. Permanent magnet synchronous motors have become much more commonly operated in various drive technical complexes. For each drive complex, it is necessary to fulfil the requirements for the developed torque, cooling conditions and strength characteristics. The distribution of materials (topology) in the rotor casing of a synchronous machine (permanent magnets, iron, air, etc) determines the characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
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Tang, Min, Shao Hui Zhang, Yan Fei Shen und Yong Li. „Impact of Wind Penetration Level on System Dynamic Performance“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (Oktober 2013): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.189.
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Power system dynamic problem is the study which dealing with synchronism among interconnected machines. In any scenario all interconnected synchronous machines should remain in synchronism if the system is stable; i.e., they should all remain operating in parallel and at the same speed. Wind penetration level is affecting power system stability performance. This may result in oscillatory, but if the system is stable, these oscillations will be damped towards to stable operating condition. If the system is unstable, these oscillations will not be damped out and causes damage to synchronous generator. This dynamic performance can be improved by StatCom technology.
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Mustafayev, Rauf, Nurali Yusifbayli und Laman Hasanova. „Matrix structure of unified mathematical model of electric AC machines at control“. E3S Web of Conferences 209 (2020): 02023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020902023.
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The matrix structure of the equations of a generalized electric alternating current machine is proposed, which, based on the Parke equations, is written in the coordinate axes of the machines rotating with the rotor speed. In the matrix structure, the column matrices of the derivatives of the stator, excitation and rotor windings are equal to the product of diagonal matrices consisting of the machine parameters and the column matrices of the flux links themselves and the sum of the matrix columns of the control parameters which are the matrix columns of the stator voltage, excitation voltage, and rotor voltage. It is shown that the matrix structure of a generalized controlled AC machine is transformed into mathematical models of almost all encountered AC electric machines, namely, into a synchronous machine with two excitation windings - a longitudinal and a transverse one; in a synchronous machine with a longitudinal field winding (classic); in an asynchronous machine with a squirrel-cage rotor; into an asynchronous machine with a phase rotor. It has been shown that the matrix structure includes the controls of these machines both from the stator and from the rotor. On the stator side for synchronous machines, it is a frequency control that regulates both the amplitude and frequency of the applied voltage, and on the rotor side, a constant voltage control is supplied to the longitudinal and transverse windings. For asynchronous machines, the stator and rotor are frequency-controlled. The following are examples of frequency control of an asynchronous machine both from the stator and from the rotor.
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Domracheva, Yulia, und Sergey Loginov. „Simulation Technique of Synchronous Reluctance Bearingless Machine“. Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (08.08.2015): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2013vol2.845.
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Magnetically levitated rotor electric machines can be used under such conditions wherein application of conventional bearings is impossible because of presence of lubrication. Active magnetic bearings application requires rotor length increase and stalling speed is decreased. Bearingless electric machines are the next step up of the magnetically levitated rotor machines. A bearingless electric machine module generates electromagnetic torque and radial forces. This feature makes possible to decrease the rotor length on retention of capacity of torque and forces. It is necessary to verify a control system operation algorithm via simulation model owing to complexity of machine electromagnetic interaction. It is practical to use a variable attribute set model for this purpose. The following article considers one of these models for researching the system via MATLAB Simulink. Basic relations for programmatic model creation are presented. Comparative assessment of various machine model types is made.
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Pirmatov, N. B., A. M. Egamov, C. M. Giyasov, N. A. Mamarasulov, U. N. Berdiyorov, Sh O. Ergashov und J. A. Nizamov. „Some aspects of comparing the operational properties of synchronous machines with a conventional and two mutually shifted excitation windings“. E3S Web of Conferences 401 (2023): 03056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340103056.
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A comparative analysis of the operational properties of traditional and two-valve synchronous machines with a rotor, having a reciprocating axis, excited from independent regulated DC sources, is generalized. On the basis of research, it has been shown that the use of a control quadrature excitation winding significantly improves the performance of synchronous machines at low costs for its manufacture. The authors have shown a significant improvement in the performance of machines with different operating modes based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies carried out on synchronous machines with a rotating axis of magnetic saturation, attached to various designs of quadrature excitation winding. It has been recognized that neglecting magnetic saturation in performance calculations for synchronous machines leads to significant estimation errors properties of the studied machine. In addition, the advantages of synchronous machines with sine-cosine field winding are shown. With an insignificant complication of the manufacturing technology, it opens the way to solving the problem of creating energy-saving turbine generators, which have a property that is very important for the practice of operation, i.e. an almost unchanged (sinusoidal) shape of the resulting magnetic field in the air gap of the machine within the allowable range of load variation under steady-state symmetric modes.
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ÖZÜPAK, Yıldırım. „Design and Analysis of a Synchronous Generator Using Finite Element Method Based ANSYS-Maxwell“. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 14, Nr. 2 (10.12.2022): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24107/ijeas.1163134.
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The most basic electrical machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is synchronous machines. Synchronous machines can be operated at high speeds and low speeds for different power plants. In terms of system planning, it is important to examine the operating characteristics of the machine at idle and variable load conditions in these cycles. It is very important that generators, which are the basic components of turbines in power plants, have high efficiency when they are designed. While synchronous generators are being designed, many parameters that are compatible with each other must be arranged in an appropriate way. The efficiency of generators can vary greatly by changing very important parameters in the design. In this study, the analysis, design and analysis of the characteristic parameters of a synchronous generator are carried out with the ANSYS-Maxwell-Rmxprt integrated design and simulation program based on Finite Element Method (FEM). In this paper, parameters such as efficiency, induced voltage, phase currents and voltages and output torque of a three-phase synchronous machine were obtained depending on the electrical angle change.
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Wang, K., Z. Q. Zhu, G. Ombach, M. Koch, S. Zhang und J. Xu. „Torque ripple reduction of synchronous reluctance machines: using asymmetric flux-barrier“. COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 34, Nr. 1 (05.01.2015): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-11-2013-0367.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reduce the torque ripple but not to decrease the average torque of synchronous reluctance machines by using one step or more than two axially laminated rotors with asymmetric flux-barrier. Design/methodology/approach – A 24-slot four-pole synchronous reluctance machine with overlapping windings and asymmetric flux-barrier in the rotor is, first, described and designed by finite element (FE) method for maximizing average torque. The dimensions of asymmetric flux-barrier including the pole span angle and flux-barrier angle will be optimized to minimize the torque ripple and its influence on the average torque is also investigated by FE analysis. The impact of current angle on the average torque and torque ripple are also analysed. The step laminations together with the asymmetric flux-barrier are employed for further torque ripple reduction which can consider the both rotation directions. Findings – The torque ripple of synchronous reluctance machine can be significantly reduced by employing asymmetric flux-barrier but the average torque is not reduced. Research limitations/implications – The purely sinusoidal currents are applied in this analysis and the effects of harmonics in the current on torque ripple are not considered in this application. The 24-slot/four-pole synchronous reluctance machine with single-layer flux-barrier has been employed in this analysis, but this work can be continued to investigate the synchronous reluctance machine with multilayer flux-barrier. This asymmetric flux-barrier can be easily applied to permanent magnet (PM)-assisted synchronous reluctance machine and the interior PM machine with flux-barrier in the rotor, since the space which is used for PM insertion is the same as the SynRM machines. Originality/value – This paper has analysed the torque ripple and average torque of synchronous reluctance machines with asymmetric flux-barrier and step laminations with asymmetric flux-barrier. The torque ripple can be reduced by this flux-barrier arrangement. The difference of this technique with the other techniques such as stator/rotor skew is that the average torque can be improved.
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Reichmeider, P. P., C. A. Gross, D. Querrey, D. Novosel und S. Salon. „Internal faults in synchronous machines. I. The machine model“. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 15, Nr. 4 (2000): 376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/60.900496.
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Kalt, Svenja, Jonathan Erhard und Markus Lienkamp. „Electric Machine Design Tool for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines and Induction Machines“. Machines 8, Nr. 1 (24.03.2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines8010015.
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The rising mobility demand of today’s society leads to an increasing strain of noise and pollutant emissions on people and the environment. An increasing environmental awareness and the scarcity of fossil fuels are increasingly placing alternative-powered vehicles in the focus of politics, research and development. Electric vehicles represent a promising solution to this problem. The electric machine represents a design control lever for the optimization of the electric powertrain with regard to efficiency, power, weight and size. Therefore, accurate and realistic machine design tools for the design of electric machines are becoming increasingly important. In this paper, the authors present an electric machine design tool for electric machines using MATLAB® in order to enable an automated machine design. The electric machine design tool is published under an LGPL open source license.
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Orihara, Dai, Hisao Taoka, Hiroshi Kikusato, Jun Hashimoto, Kenji Otani, Takahiro Takamatsu, Takashi Oozeki et al. „Internal Induced Voltage Modification for Current Limitation in Virtual Synchronous Machine“. Energies 15, Nr. 3 (26.01.2022): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030901.
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Virtual inertia control is a methodology to make inverter-based resources (IBR) behave like a synchronous machine. However, an IBR cannot fully emulate the response of synchronous machine because of its low-current capacity. When the inertial response of an IBR is affected by the current limitation, the synchronization of the synchronous machine simulated virtually inside the IBR controller with the other synchronous generators in the grid is affected, which may cause step-out of the simulated generator. We propose a methodology which can keep the synchronization by modifying internal induced voltage of the simulated generator to follow the system voltage change. The proposal is validated by the simulation using a nine-bus transmission system model including two synchronous generators and a large-scale IBR. The result of the generator trip simulation shows that the proposed method suppresses the phase angle variation while the current is limited, and avoids the instability regarding the synchronism. Furthermore, the impact of the current limitation on frequency stability is also evaluated through the simulation study and it is found that as the amount of output suppression increases, the frequency nadir falls, but the rate-of-change of frequency is hardly affected.
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Vikharev, D. Yu, und N. A. Rodin. „Model of implicit pole electric machine based on mathematical formulation of magnetic field in air gap“. Vestnik IGEU, Nr. 6 (28.12.2021): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2021.6.027-037.
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When modeling transient processes in electric power systems, the issue of designing reliable models of electrical machines is of great interest. The most difficult task is to design the models of synchronous and asynchronous machines. The purpose of the project is to develop mathematical models of synchronous and asynchronous machines based on a generalized model of an implicit-pole machine that considers the change of rotor speed, geometric shapes, and the type of rotor and stator windings. Methods of mathematical modeling of electromagnetic fields in the air gap based on Maxwell equations and methods of the theory of electrical circuits are applied. A system of nonlinear differential equations is considered as a mathematical model of a generalized implicit-pole machine. The key assumption made is the high magnetic permeability of the stator and rotor cores. Technical data of real electric machines have been used for verification. Mathematical models of an implicit pole synchronous machine and an asynchronous machine with a phase rotor have been developed. These models can be used to analyze transient processes in the aggregate without dividing them into electromagnetic and electromechanical ones. The novelty of the models is the fact of non-sinusoidal distribution of the magnetic field in the air gap, various types of multiphase AC windings and rejecting the principle of constant rotation frequency at the time step of the simulation. The proposed mathematical models can be used to solve design problems, to analyze the modes of electric power systems, the operation of relay protection and automation of electric power facilities, and emergency automation. In the future, the equations that consider the influence of the damper circuits and the peculiarities of the windings will be added to the developed mathematical models. The purpose of further research is to develop models of salient-pole synchronous machines and asynchronous machines with a squirrel-cage rotor.
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Demiroren, A., und H. L. Zeynelgil. „Modelling and Simulation of Synchronous Machine Transient Analysis Using Simulink“. International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 39, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2002): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.39.4.4.
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This work describes a method which illustrates the benefits of the visual aspects of MATLAB/SIMULINK for educational purposes. The method is specially developed for transient analysis of synchronous machines given by a simplified model. Details such as the exciter circuit, turbine and governor systems of a synchronous machine which is linked to an infinitive bus through two equivalent lines are given and this system is implemented in SIMULINK. The considered synchronous machine has a rated power capacity of 160 MVA and rated voltage of 15 kV.
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Jurca, Florin Nicolae, Radu Petru Hangiu und Claudia Martis. „Design and Performance Analysis of an Integrated Starter-Alternator for Hybrid Electric Vehicles“. Advanced Engineering Forum 8-9 (Juni 2013): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.8-9.453.
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In automotive applications, the requirements for the electrical machines are about performance and reliability - the permanent magnet synchronous machines ensure these requirements are fulfilled. The approach of the present paper is to analyze the permanent synchronous machines suited for the integrated starter-alternator (ISA) applications. The study design requires some analytical, followed by a numerical analysis and also a finite element method in order to achieve the performances of the machine. The operation modes of an ISA system and the constraints for an electric machine acting as an ISA are detailed. Finally a model for a ISA hybrid vehicle, developed in AMESim is presented and the results of a simulated drive cycle are presented.
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Kupiec, Emil, und Włodzimierz Przyborowski. „Magnetic equivalent circuit model for unipolar hybrid excitation synchronous machine“. Archives of Electrical Engineering 64, Nr. 1 (01.03.2015): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2015-0010.
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AbstractLately, there has been increased interest in hybrid excitation electrical machines. Hybrid excitation is a construction that combines permanent magnet excitation with wound field excitation. Within the general classification, these machines can be classified as modified synchronous machines or inductor machines. These machines may be applied as motors and generators. The complexity of electromagnetic phenomena which occur as a result of coupling of magnetic fluxes of separate excitation systems with perpendicular magnetic axis is a motivation to formulate various mathematical models of these machines. The presented paper discusses the construction of a unipolar hybrid excitation synchronous machine. The magnetic equivalent circuit model including nonlinear magnetization curves is presented. Based on this model, it is possible to determine the multi-parameter relationships between the induced voltage and magnetomotive force in the excitation winding. Particular attention has been paid to the analysis of the impact of additional stator and rotor yokes on above relationship. Induced voltage determines the remaining operating parameters of the machine, both in the motor and generator mode of operation. The analysis of chosen correlations results in an identification of the effective control range of electromotive force of the machine.
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Petrík, Tomáš, Milan Daneček, Ivan Uhlíř, Vladislav Poulek und Martin Libra. „Distribution Grid Stability—Influence of Inertia Moment of Synchronous Machines“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 24 (18.12.2020): 9075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10249075.
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This paper shows the influence of grid frequency oscillations on synchronous machines coupled to masses with large moments of inertia and solves the maximum permissible value of a moment of inertia on the shaft of a synchronous machine in respect to the oscillation of grid frequency. Grid frequency variation causes a load angle to swing on the synchronous machines connected to the grid. This effect is particularly significant in microgrids. This article does not consider the effects of other components of the system, such as the effects of frequency, voltage, and power regulators.
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Awah, Chukwuemeka Chijioke, und Ogbonnaya Inya Okoro. „Torque characteristics of double-stator permanent magnet synchronous machines“. Archives of Electrical Engineering 66, Nr. 4 (20.12.2017): 815–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2017-0062.
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Abstract The torque profile of a double-stator permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machine of 90 mm stator diameter having different rotor pole numbers as well as dual excitation is investigated in this paper. The analysis includes a comparative study of the machine’s torque and power-speed curves, static torque and inductance characteristics, losses and unbalanced magnetic force. The most promising flux-weakening potential is revealed in 13- and 7-rotor pole machines. Moreover, the machines having different rotor/stator (Nr/Ns) pole combinations of the form Nr = Ns ± 1 have balanced and symmetric static torque waveforms variation with the rotor position in contrast to the machines having Nr = Ns ± 2. Further, the inductance results of the analyzed machines reveal that the machines with odd rotor pole numbers have better fault-tolerant capability than their even rotor pole equivalents. A prototype of the developed double-stator machine having a 13-pole rotor is manufactured and tested for verification.
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Afanasyev, Aleksandr A., und Evgenii G. Paimurzov. „A SENSORLESS CONTROL METHOD OF THYRISTOR STATICAL FREQUENCY CONVERTER FOR STARTING SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE“. Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, Nr. 2 (30.06.2023): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-2-41-54.
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Relevance of study. Starting of the medium voltage synchronous machine at standstill is one of the main problems in the operation of unregulated synchronous electric drives. The optimal solution is starting the excited synchronous machine fed by the thyristor statical frequency converter. A sensorless control of the statical frequency converter for thyristor switching of load-commutated inverter to functions of synchronous machine angular rotor position in the area of zero and low speed, has not yet received a clear solution.
The purpose of this study is the design of the sensorless control method for the thyristor statical frequency converter at the synchronous machine startup under conditions of angular acceleration uncertainty.
Materials and methods. Methods of theory of electrical machines and computer mathematical simulation are used in the study.
Results of the study. The regularity between the angular rotor position and the non-conductive phase stator voltage of the synchronous machine is determined. The rotor rotation angle of the synchronous machine is defined as the ratio of the conductive state duration of the thyristor arm pair of the load-commutated inverter to the period determined from the non-conductive phase stator voltage of the synchronous machine. The sensorless control method is based on simultaneous operation of scalar control, indirect angular rotor position determination and cross-control channels. The proposed sensorless control method is tested by computer mathematical simulation of the system «thyristor statical frequency converter –synchronous machine».
Findings. The application of the considered control method was found for commercially available medium voltage thyristor frequency converters of EKRA Ltd. The considered method can be used for the sensorless control of frequency converter by different topology.
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Podymaka, Valeriy. „DYNAMIC CONDITIONS OF COMPENSATED SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE“. Science Journal Innovation Technologies Transfer, Nr. 2019-4 (01.09.2019): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36381/iamsti.4.2019.76-82.
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The dynamic behavior of synchronous machine with longitudinal-transverse excitement by maintenance of the rotor overhang corner as equal zero are considered. The given condition is named as compensated and correspond with full compensation of transverse armature reaction by magnetizing force of transverse excitement winding. In such machine is absented the limit of steady-state overload, but active and reactive components of load current are concurrent as projections of load current image vector on orthogonal axes of machine inductor. The research aim is a determination of steady-state stability criterion of compensated synchronous machine working on powerful electrical system. The researches are organized in assumption of inductor current invariance and at neglect of stator windings time constant. The electromagnetic moment expression of longitudinal-transverse excitement synchronous machine in compensated work condition is received as a result of analysis of the spatial vector diagrams and equations. The expression analysis has allowed to find the criterion of rotor creepage stability and to examine the steady-state stability of the machine in different work conditions. It is shown that machines stability factor is defined by not only the reactive power of machine short circuit, but also associated reactive power.
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May, H., R. Palka, P. Paplicki, S. Szkolny und W. R. Canders. „Modified concept of permanent magnet excited synchronous machines with improved high-speed features“. Archives of Electrical Engineering 60, Nr. 4 (01.12.2011): 531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10171-011-0043-2.
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Modified concept of permanent magnet excited synchronous machines with improved high-speed features Permanent magnet (PM) excited synchronous machines used in modern drives for electro-mobiles suffer in high speed regions from the limited battery-voltage. The field weakening requires designing machines with reduced power conversion properties or increasing the size of the power converter. A new concept of such a machine features PM excitation, single-tooth winding and an additional circumferential excitation coil fixed on the stator in the axial center of the machine. By the appropriate feeding of this coil, the amplitude of the voltage effective excitation field can be varied from zero to values above those of the conventional PM-machines. The capability of reducing the excitation field to zero is an important safety aspect in case of failing of the feeding convertor.
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RAJAMANI, K., und M. V. HARIHARAN. „SYNCHRONOUS STARTING OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE“. Electric Machines & Power Systems 21, Nr. 6 (November 1993): 647–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07313569308909690.
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Schmuelling, Christoph, Christian Kreischer und Marek Gołebiowski. „Investigation of the stator inductances of the expanded Park model and an approach on parameter identification using the evolution strategy“. Archives of Electrical Engineering 65, Nr. 3 (01.09.2016): 585–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2016-0042.
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Abstract Commonly, the Park model is used to calculate transients or steady-state operations of synchronous machines. The expanded Park theory derives the Park equations from the phase-domain model of the synchronous machine by the use of transformations. Thereby, several hypothesis are made, which are under investigation in this article in respect to the main inductances of two different types of synchronous machines. It is shown, that the derivation of the Park equations from the phase-domain model does not lead to constant inductances, as it is usually assumed for these equations. Nevertheless the Park model is the most common analytic model of synchronous machines. Therefore, in the second part of this article a method using the evolution strategy is shown to obtain the parameters of the Park model.
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Łyskawinski, Wiesław, Cezary Jędryczka, Dorota Stachowiak, Piotr Łukaszewicz und Michał Czarnecki. „Finite element analysis and experimental verification of high reliability synchronous reluctance machine“. Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 24, Nr. 2 (22.04.2022): 386–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2022.2.20.
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The aim of this study was to investigate and analyse the synchronous reluctance machine. An accurate method for determining the lumped parameters of an equivalent circuit of the studied machine has been proposed. The method is based on the phase currents and voltages analysis at low slip operation. Experimental research of a synchronous reluctance machine is supplemented by simulation studies. The field-circuit model of electromagnetic phenomena in the considered motor was developed and used in simulation. The proposed method allows the numerical model to be verified by comparing the calculated and measured torqueangle characteristics of the machine. The test results obtained are presented and discussed. Achieved satisfactory concordance between simulation and experiment results proves that the proposed approach can be useful in the synthesis of reliable synchronous reluctance machines as well as in their control systems.
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Müller, Samuel, David Maier und Nejila Parspour. „Inductive Electrically Excited Synchronous Machine for Electrical Vehicles—Design, Optimization and Measurement“. Energies 16, Nr. 4 (07.02.2023): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041657.
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The demand for electric machines has been rising steadily for several years—mainly due to the move away from the combustion engine. Synchronous motors with rare earth permanent magnets are widely used due to their high power densities. These magnets are cost-intensive, cost-sensitive and often environmentally harmful. In addition to dispensing with permanent magnets, electrically excited synchronous machines offer the advantage of an adjustable excitation and, thus, a higher efficiency in the partial load range in field weakening operation. Field weakening operation is relevant for the application of vehicle traction drive. The challenge of this machine type is the need for an electrical power transfer system, usually achieved with slip rings. Slip rings wear out, generate dust and are limited in power density and maximum speed due to vibrations. This article addresses an electrically excited synchronous machine with a wireless power transfer onto the rotor. From the outset, the machine is designed with a wireless power transfer system for use in a medium-sized electric vehicle. As an example, the requirements are derived from the BMW’s i3. The wireless power transfer system is integrated into the hollow shaft of the rotor. Unused space is thus utilized. The overall system is optimized for high efficiency, especially for partial load at medium speed, with an operation point-depending optimization method. The results are compared with the reference permanent magnet excited machine. A prototype of the machine is built and measured on the test bench. The measured efficiency of the inductive electrically excited synchronous machine is up to 4% higher than that of the reference machine of the BMW i3.
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Wang, K., Z. Q. Zhu, G. Ombach, M. Koch, S. Zhang und J. Xu. „Torque ripple reduction of synchronous reluctance machines“. COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 34, Nr. 1 (05.01.2015): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-11-2013-0366.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of stator and rotor pole number combinations together with the flux-barrier layers number on the performance of synchronous reluctance machine with emphasis on output torque capability and torque ripple. Design/methodology/approach – AC synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM) or permanent magnet assisted SynRM presently receives a great deal of interest, since there is less or even no rare-earth permanent magnet in the rotor. Most of SynRM machines employ a stator that is originally designed for a standard squirrel cage induction motor for a similar output rating and application, or the SynRM machine with 24-slot, four-pole are often directly chosen for investigation in most of the available literature. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the influence of stator and rotor pole number combinations together with the flux-barrier layers number on the performance of SynRM machine with emphasis on output torque capability and torque ripple. Findings – The average torque decreases with the increase of the pole numbers but remain almost constant when employing different stator slot numbers but with the same pole number. In addition, the torque ripple decreases significantly with the increase of the stator slot number. The machine with double-layer flux-barrier in the rotor has the biggest average torque, while the machines with three- and four-layer flux-barrier in the rotor have almost the same average torque but their value is slightly smaller than that of machine with double-layer flux-barrier. However, the machine with three-layer flux-barrier has the lowest torque ripple but the highest torque ripple exists in the machine with double-layer flux-barrier. Research limitations/implications – The purely sinusoidal currents are applied in this analysis and the effects of harmonics in the current on torque ripple are not considered in this application. Originality/value – This paper has analyzed the torque ripple and average torque of SynRMs with considering slot/pole number combinations together with the flux-barrier number.
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Hwang, Yunn Lin, und Van Thuan Truong. „A Synchronous Approach for Numerical Simulation of Machine Tools“. Key Engineering Materials 642 (April 2015): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.642.317.
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In this paper, a synchronous approach for dynamic simulation of machine tools is described. Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) method models and analyzes a dynamical parameter prototype of machine tools. In which, the flexible structure, interactive movement, non-linear factor effects as well as characteristics of resonance frequencies and mechanical transfer function are considered. The integrating Finite Element Method (FEM), Multi-Body Dynamics (MBD) and control carries out a solution of machine tools simulation for predicting dynamic machine behaviors. The static analysis and modal analysis of components are presented with sample examples. Cybernetic characteristics like Bode diagram and such a controller are implemented for movement tailors. The synchronous approach deduces a practically technical method for machines tools.
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Petrík, Tomáš, Ioannis Gravalos, Ivan Uhlíř, Martin Libra und Vladislav Poulek. „Parametric Damping of Microgrid Frequency Fluctuations at Synchronous Machines with Using Lyapunov Theory for Exciter Regulation“. International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (07.08.2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5569059.
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In synchronous machines, electromechanical swinging can be damped by parametric control of the excitation current. This is possible only in case the excitation time constant is much smaller than the mechanical constant of the machine. The method described in this paper is effective for damping oscillations caused by oscillations in the grid frequency, grid voltage, and mechanical torque fluctuations. The method is based on the Lyapunov stability theory and demonstrated on a real synchronous machine. This machine operates as a noninterruptible backup power system. The original power fluctuations were up to 50% of the nominal power of the machine. With the described control, a sevenfold increase in the damping of fluctuations caused by grid frequency variations has been achieved.
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Sari-Ali, Inchirah, Bachir Chikh-Bled, Omolayo M. Ikumapayi, Zahira Dib, Giulio Lorenzini und Younes Menni. „Energy Transfer from an Electrical Network-Connected Synchronous Machine“. Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 55, Nr. 5 (30.11.2022): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.550502.
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Any alternating electric power supply is always characterized by three reference quantities, which are voltage, electric power and frequency. The generators of power stations are synchronous machines. The present work is based on the modelling of the synchronous machine for a study of the stability of the electricity transmission network. The example considered is a thermal power station of the national network. i.e., Algiers port power station. We have developed a computer program based on MATLAB to simulate the calculations of our multi-variable system. The study presented in this article examines the static stability of a thermal power plant. To make this study a reality, it is necessary to model the synchronous machine. We present the three models of the synchronous machine by emphasizing the role of the shock absorbers and the smoothness of the model with three windings. This work is supported by a spectral analysis based on the eigenvalues of the system.
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Douine, Bruno, Hocine Menana, Kevin Berger, Jean Lеvеque, Konstantin Kovalev und Nikolay Ivanov. „Overview of High Temperature Superconductor Machines“. Elektrichestvo 4, Nr. 4 (2021): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2021-4-25-33.
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Electrical machines are important parts of different power systems. The application of high temperature superconductors (HTS) in electrical machines is very promising due to high transport currents. This paper reviews various topologies of superconducting motors and generators using HTS published in the literature in recent time. It begins with a brief presentation of the HTS material used in electrical machines. The description of AC losses and cryogenic systems is done afterwards. Then we offer a striking description of the various realizations of HTS electrical machines such as half HTS synchronous machines, fully HTS synchronous machine, machines with HTS bulks and stacks. Some of these machines are totally innovative compared to conventional ones and their operating principle is strictly related to the presence of HTS materials.
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Bianchini, Claudio, Giorgio Bisceglie, Ambra Torreggiani, Matteo Davoli, Elena Macrelli, Alberto Bellini und Matteo Frigieri. „Effects of the Magnetic Model of Interior Permanent Magnet Machine on MTPA, Flux Weakening and MTPV Evaluation“. Machines 11, Nr. 1 (08.01.2023): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11010077.
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Interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines are widely spreading in automotive and vehicle traction applications, because of their high efficiency over a wide speed range. This capability can be achieved by appropriated control strategies: Maximum Torque per Ampere (MTPA), Flux Weakening (FW) and Maximum Torque per Volt (MTPV). However, these control trajectories are often based on an simplified magnetic model of the electrical machine. In order to improve the evaluation of machine output capabilities, nonlinear magnetic behavior must be modeled. This is not only related to the final application with a given drive and control structure, but also during the design process of the electric machine. In the design process, the output torque Vs. speed characteristic must be calculated following MTPA, MTPV and FW in the most accurate way to avoid significant error. This paper proposes a set of algorithms to compute MTPA, FW and MTPV curves for interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines taking into account the machines’ nonlinearities caused by iron saturation and compares differed approaches to highlight the torque–speed capabilities for the same machine following different methods. The algorithms are based on the maps of the equivalent inductances of a reference interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine and inductances maps were obtained via 2-D Finite Element Analysis over the machine’s operating points in id−iq reference plane. The effects of different 2-D finite element methods are also computed by both standard nonlinear magnetostatic simulations and Frozen Permeability simulations. Results show that the nonlinear model computed via frozen permeability is more accurate than the conventional linear and nonlinear models computed via standard magnetostatic simulations; for this reason, during the electrical machine design, it is important to check the expected performance employing a complete inductance map and frozen permeability.
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Esobinenwu, Chizindu Stanley, und Lamidi Salihu Owuda. „Modeling and Simulation of Pulp Mill Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Damper Windings Using Matlab/Simulink“. Saudi Journal of Engineering and Technology 8, Nr. 06 (17.06.2023): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjet.2023.v08i06.002.
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Modeling and simulation of pulp mill plant permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) with damper windings using Matlab/Simulink is presented. Pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips, timber, wood products into wood pulp that is used to produce paper, cardboard, thick fiber board, which can be used by a paper mill for further processing. Pulp and paper industry has been considered a large consumer of energy and constitute a native treat to the plant as a result of machines transient due to heavy load variation. Modeling and simulation of pulp mill plant (PMSM) with damper windings show the behavior of machines virtual image environments to test the performance, stability and safety for less cost. It helps the pulp mill plant designers, engineers and technicians to understand the process of creating and analyzing machines model and predict its performance in the real world. Damper winding is an additional property added in pulp mill plant PMSM to damping out any oscillation that may cause any sudden changes in the load on the rotor when in synchronism. It prevents hunting and provides starting torque and dose not requires machines spinning. The rotor field lags the stator by which the load angle changes as a result of load variation. Permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is an alternating current (ac) machine whose excitation is provided by the permanent magnet. It has permanent magnet (PM) on the rotor and windings on the stator. PMSM does not have field windings on the stator frame instead, it relies on the magnets to provide the magnetic field against which the rotor interacts to produce a torque. Pulp mill plant PMSM with damper windings was modeling and simulated using Matlab/Simulink as presented in this paper. The electrical and mechanical equations of various steps ware developed in state space form from which the SIMULINK models were built with pulp mill plant PMSM with damper windings using the block-approach method with in-built Matlab/SIMULINK to obtained results for dynamics performance, controllability, stability study and is widely used in the engineering, manufacturing, physical sciences, product development and recommended for pulp mill plant designers, engineers, technicians and plant operators.
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Lee, Sung-hyun, Noman Baloch und Byung-il Kwon. „Design and analysis of a double consequent pole changing vernier machine“. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, Nr. 1-4 (10.12.2020): 941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209408.
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This paper proposes a double consequent pole changing vernier machine (DCPCVM) which adopts double consequent pole and flux modulation configuration. The proposed machine combines a vernier machine and a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) in a single topology. Therefore, the advantages of both machines can be realized in a single topology. The proposed machine provides high torque at low speed while operating in vernier mode whereas it operates in PMSM mode at high speed to avoid the disadvantages of vernier machines at high speeds such as high core losses. Parametric analysis of the proposed machine is performed to show the effect of the main variables on the electromagnetic characteristics of the machine. A finite element method (FEM) analysis is conducted, and meaningful conclusions are drawn.
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Deusinger, Björn, und Andreas Binder. „Evaluation of a newly proposed indirect efficiency determination method for permanent magnet synchronous machines“. e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 139, Nr. 2 (16.03.2022): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00502-022-01004-5.
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AbstractThis paper evaluates the applicability of a newly proposed method for the indirect efficiency determination of permanent magnet synchronous machines by measuring individual losses. Similar methods are well-known and standardized for other kinds of electrical machines, but for permanent magnet synchronous machines, only the direct measurement of input and output power is standardized for efficiency determination according to IEC 60034-2‑1. Measurements and finite element simulations are carried out for four selected test machines with a rated power range between 45 kW and 90 kW and with different stator and rotor topologies. It is shown that the proposed method is well applicable for permanent magnet synchronous machines with a distributed integer-slot stator winding. For machine designs with more rotor losses such as motors with tooth coil windings and open stator slots, larger deviations between the direct and indirect efficiency values of up to one percentage point are determined at rated load conditions.
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Gorozhankin, A. N., und A. V. Korzhov. „FEATURES OF SYNTHESIS OF SYNCHRONOUS RELUCTANCE AND INDUCTOR ELECTRIC MACHINES“. Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Power Engineering" 22, Nr. 2 (Juni 2022): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/power220208.
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The problem of finding the best dimensions for the elements of magnetic systems of synchronous reluc-tance and inductor electric machines in an extended range of changes in load torque and power is considered. An algorithm for solving the problem is also proposed, involving the division of the elements of the magnetic system into two groups. The first group affects the magnitude of the torque pulsations, while the second does not affect this indicator. Such parti-tioning accelerates the process of convergence of the result. A method of sequential non-linear programming is proposed for resolving the problem. It has good convergence with minimal search time. Synthesis of finite element models of a syn-chronous reluctance machine with salient pole and anisotropic types of rotors, switched reluctance machine (SRD), ma-chine with field switching (FSDC), Vernier reluctance and double field Vernier reluctance machines was performed. It was shown that the proportion of winding copper relative to steel in the active part of the machines increases relative to conventional machines when operating in the nominal mode. On the contrary, this feature was manifested to a lesser extent when working in the zone of overloads in terms of torque. Electromagnetic loads increase with increasing power, equivalent to operating a machine of lower power in overload mode. It was shown that the sensi-tivity to the size of the air gap in Vernier reluctance machines is the highest in the class under study. Thus, with increasing power, the specific torque will increase significantly. On the contrary, the lowest sensitivity to the air gap value in ma-chines with one-sided gearing and distributed winding on the stator allows these machines to be made with a larger gap without compromising the specific torque.
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YAMAMURA, Sakae. „SV theory of synchronous machine. Permanent-magnet-excited synchronous machine.“ Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biological Sciences 74, Nr. 6 (1998): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2183/pjab.74.122.
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Barsoum, N. N., und M. R. Harris. „Theorems of Torque Coefficients on Stability of Induction and Reluctance Machines“. International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 38, Nr. 3 (Juli 2001): 260–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.38.3.9.
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Theoretical work has been developed for investigating the performance of the damping and synchronizing torque coefficients for polyphase induction machines and synchronous reluctance machines. Six theorems are analytically formulated and proved. These are used as a new study in machine stability courses and are found to be useful for engineering education.
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Graffeo, Federica, Silvio Vaschetto, Alessio Miotto, Fabio Carbone, Alberto Tenconi und Andrea Cavagnino. „Lumped-Parameters Thermal Network of PM Synchronous Machines for Automotive Brake-by-Wire Systems“. Energies 14, Nr. 18 (08.09.2021): 5652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185652.
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Thermal analysis represents a key factor in electrical machine design due to the impact of temperature increase on insulation lifetime. In this context, there has been a wide investigation on thermal modeling, particularly for machines used in harsh working conditions. In this perspective, brake-by-wire (BBW) systems represent one of the most challenging applications for electrical machines used for automotive smart actuators. Indeed, electro-actuated braking systems are required to repeatedly operate the electric machine in high overload conditions in order to limit the actuator response time, as well as to enhance gravimetric and volumetric specific performance indexes. Moreover, BBW systems often impose unconventional supply conditions to the electric machine, consisting of dc currents in three-phase windings to keep the rotor fixed during the braking intervals. However, a dc supply leads to uneven temperature distributions in the machine, and simplified thermal models may not accurately represent the temperature variations for the different machine parts. Considering such unconventional supply conditions, this paper initially investigates the applicability of a conventional lumped-parameters thermal network (LPTN) based on symmetry assumptions for the heat paths and suitable for surface-mounted PM synchronous machines used in BBW systems. An extensive test campaign consisting of pulses and load cycle tests representative of the real machine operations was conducted on a prototype equipped with several temperature sensors. The comparison between measurements and predicted average temperatures, together with insights on the unbalanced heat distribution under the dc supply obtained by means of finite element analyses (FEA), paved the way for the proposal of a phase-split LPTN with optimized parameters. The paper also includes a critical analysis of the optimized parameters, proposing a simplified, phase-split lumped-parameters thermal model suitable to predict the temperature variations in the different machine parts for PM synchronous electric machines used in BBW systems.
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Akasaka, Noriyuki. „Synchronous Positioning Control in Pressure Control Among Multi-AC Servomotors in Injection Molding Machine“. Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 16, Nr. 4 (20.08.2004): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2004.p0348.
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With the trend toward higher-power electric-motor-driven injection molding machines, multi-AC servomotor control is needed to control the molding machine, making synchronous positioning control inevitable to prevent excessive mechanical stress in equipment. Synchronous positioning control in injection velocity control is implemented by using position feedback signals from motor pulse generators. In injection pressure control synchronous positioning control is difficult to realize because pressure-detector signals are used in place of position feedback signals. We clarified synchronous positioning control during injection pressure control by using both pressure-detector and position feedback signals. Simulation results showed that synchronous positioning control error was less than ±4μm in pressure control.
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Berhausen, Sebastian, und Tomasz Jarek. „Method of Limiting Shaft Voltages in AC Electric Machines“. Energies 14, Nr. 11 (05.06.2021): 3326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113326.
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The article presents a new method of counteracting shaft voltages and currents in AC electrical machines. It is based on the use of an auxiliary winding located in the stator of the machine. The design of a test stand adapted to the measurement of shaft voltages of the machine, based on the prototype of a synchronous machine with permanent magnets, has been presented. The model was used to conduct a number of laboratory tests aimed at confirming the functionality of the auxiliary winding in various operating states of the machine (including no-load and load condition during generator operation). The article focuses on demonstrating the beneficial effect of the auxiliary winding on the level of induced shaft voltages in an electric machine. In order to confirm the close dependence of the circular flux in the stator yoke on the shaft voltage, shaft voltage measurement results for various cases of external power supply of auxiliary winding forcing a circular flux are presented. Regardless of the laboratory tests, a simulation model of a synchronous machine with permanent magnets, on which calculations were carried out to analyze the work of the auxiliary winding located in the stator yoke, was developed. The article is supplemented by a review of damage to electrical machines with a detailed description of bearing defects, as well as a brief de-scription of issues related to the mechanism of generating shaft voltages and currents in electrical machines and methods of counteracting them.
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Dmitrievskii, Vladimir, Vadim Kazakbaev und Vladimir Prakht. „Performance Comparison of Traction Synchronous Motors with Ferrite Magnets for a Subway Train: Reluctance versus Homopolar Variants“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 17 (04.09.2023): 9988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13179988.
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Due to the high cost and the predicted shortage of rare earth elements in the near future, the task of developing energy-efficient electric machines without rare earth magnets is of great importance. This article presents a comparative analysis of optimized designs of a ferrite-assisted synchronous reluctance machine (FaSynRM) and a ferrite-assisted synchronous homopolar machine (FaSHM) in a 370-kW subway train drive. The objectives of optimizing these traction machines are to reduce their losses, maximum armature current, and torque ripple. The optimization considers the characteristics of the machines in the subway train moving cycle. The problem of the risk of irreversible demagnetization of ferrites in the FaSynRM and FaSHM is also considered. To reduce the computational burden, the Nelder-Mead method is used for the optimization. It is shown that the FaSHM demonstrates better field weakening capability, which can reduce the maximum current, power, and cost of the inverter power modules. At the same time, the FaSynRM requires less permanent magnet mass for the same torque density and is more resistant to irreversible demagnetization, which can reduce costs and improve the reliability of the electric machine.
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Petrov, T. I., A. R. Safin, I. V. Ivshin, A. N. Tsvetkov und V. Yu Kornilov. „MODEL OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM ROCKING MACHINES OF OIL THE BASIC OF A SYNCHRONOUS ENGINES WITH THE SENSORLESS METHOD“. Proceedings of the higher educational institutions. ENERGY SECTOR PROBLEMS 20, Nr. 7-8 (08.09.2018): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-7-8-107-116.
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Rocking machines of oil (RMO) are the main elements in the Russian oil industry in the field of low-yield wells. And increasing the energy efficiency of these machines is one of the most promising tasks in the interests of the oil and gas industry in Russia.The use of intelligent energy-saving stations for controlling the machine-shaker of oil on the basis of synchronous engines makes it possible to optimize oil production, by increasing the volume of production and saving energy resources. The main disadvantage of these stations is high cost, which is a deterrent for widespread use.One of the solutions to this problem is the use of a method that does not use the rotor position sensor, the so-called "sensorless method". However, all works related to the use of the "sensorless method" refer to the control systems of asynchronous motors.In this paper, the advantages of the control systems of a rocking machine on the basis of synchronous motors in front of asynchronous motors will be presented, the variants of motor control and the execution of the "sensorless method" are considered. Mathematical models of all elements of the control station are presented: rocking machine, synchronous motor, vector control system.
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Aladetola, Olaoluwa Demola, Mondher Ouari, Yakoub Saadi, Tedjani Mesbahi, Moussa Boukhnifer und Kondo Hloindo Adjallah. „Advanced Torque Ripple Minimization of Synchronous Reluctance Machine for Electric Vehicle Application“. Energies 16, Nr. 6 (14.03.2023): 2701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062701.
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The electric machine and the control system determine the performance of the electric vehicle drivetrain. Unlike rare-earth magnet machines such as permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs), synchronous reluctance machines(SynRMs) are manufactured without permanent magnets. This allows them to be used as an alternative to rare-earth magnet machines. However, one of the main drawbacks of this machine is its high torque ripple, which generates significant acoustic noise. The most typical method for reducing this torque ripple is to employ an optimized structural design or a customized control technique. The objective of this paper is the use of a control approach to minimize the torque ripple effects issue in the SynRM. This work is performed in two steps: Initially, the reference current calculation bloc is modified to reduce the torque ripple of the machine. A method for calculating the optimal reference currents based on the stator joule loss is proposed. The proposed method is compared to two methods used in the literature, the FOC and MTPA methods. A comparative study between the three methods based on the torque ripple rate shows that the proposed method allows a significant reduction in the torque ripple. The second contribution to the minimization of the torque ripple is to propose a sliding mode control. This control suffers from the phenomenon of “Chattering” which affects the torque ripple. To solve this problem, a second-order sliding mode control is proposed. A comparative study between the different approaches shows that the second-order sliding mode provides the lowest torque ripple rate of the machine.
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Tombul, Yusa, Philipp Tillmann und Jakob Andert. „Simulation of the Circulating Bearing Currents for Different Stator Designs of Electric Traction Machines“. Machines 11, Nr. 8 (07.08.2023): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11080811.
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Pulse–width modulated inverters are commonly used to control electrical drives, generating a common mode voltage and current with high–frequency components that excite the parasitic capacitances within electric machines, such as permanent magnet synchronous machines or induction machines. This results in different types of bearing currents that can shorten the service life of electric machines. One significant type of inverter–induced bearing currents are high–frequency circulating bearing currents. In this context, this work employs finite element analysis and time-domain simulations to determine the common mode current and circulating bearing current for various permanent magnet synchronous machine designs based on the traction machines of commercial electric vehicles with a focus on the stator. The results suggest that the ratio between the circulating bearing current and common mode current is much smaller in permanent magnet synchronous machines for traction applications than previously established in conventional induction machines, with values below 10% for all analyzed designs. A further increase in the robustness of such electric machines to the detrimental effects caused by the inverter supply could be achieved by reducing the parasitic winding–to–stator capacitance or by increasing the stator endwinding leakage inductance.
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Abonyi, S. E. „A New Hybrid Synchronous Reluctance Machine Capable of Ultra-High Output Power“. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-6 (31.10.2018): 884–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18643.
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Schmidt, Stephan, Radoslaw Zimroz, Fakher Chaari, P. Stephan Heyns und Mohamed Haddar. „A Simple Condition Monitoring Method for Gearboxes Operating in Impulsive Environments“. Sensors 20, Nr. 7 (09.04.2020): 2115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20072115.
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Reliable condition indicators are necessary to perform effective diagnosis and prognosis. However, the vibration signals are often corrupted with non-Gaussian noise and rotating machines may operate under time-varying operating conditions. This impedes the application of conventional condition indicators. The synchronous average of the squared envelope is a relatively simple yet effective method to perform fault detection, fault identification and fault trending under constant and time-varying operating conditions. However, its performance is impeded by the presence of impulsive signal components attributed to impulsive noise or the presence of other damage modes in the machine. In this work, it is proposed that the synchronous median of the squared envelope should be used instead of the synchronous average of the squared envelope for gearbox fault diagnosis. It is shown on numerical and experimental datasets that the synchronous median is more robust to the presence of impulsive signal components and is therefore more reliable for estimating the condition of specific machine components.
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Hanene, Hleli, Flah Aymen und Tounsi Souhir. „Variable reluctance synchronous machines in saturated mode“. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, Nr. 2 (01.06.2021): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp662-673.
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Electric vehicle seems largely based on electrical machines. Finding the best motor type seems be important for having more performances and a transport system robustness. In this work, we present an analytical model of the synchronous machine with variable reluctances in linear and saturated modes. The angular position of the rotor (θ) and the phase current (i) will beused as parameters. The analytical model of this machine will allow us to determinate its magnetic characteristics such inductors, magnetic flux and electromagnetic torque. The results obtained by the analytical model are compared with those obtained by the finite element method. So, basing on Matlab/Simulink tool and by working with finite element method, these results are depicted and the paper objective is illustrated.