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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „System analysis. Social systems. System theory“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "System analysis. Social systems. System theory"
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Dergachova, Victoriia, Maryna Kravchenko und Alexander Zgurovsky. „Econometric analysis of the structure and sustainability of Ukraine socio-economic system in the context of the economic systems theory“. Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, Nr. 4 (20.12.2017): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(4).2017.08.
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The article is devoted to the development of a conceptually new systemic structural approach to the study of sustainability of economic systems. The problem of ensuring sustainability of economic entities remains unsolved, largely due to the lack of the necessary methodology. In the article, the approach is shaped by new economic systems theory, which implies the division of all economic systems into types depending on their spatiotemporal localization. Applied research of socio-economic system of Ukraine in its context is implemented by econometric modeling using data mining techniques and by calculating the economic sustainability index using the author’s techniques. The indicators, announced by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, as well as the ranking and indexing results, presented by leading international organizations, are used as the parameters. Alternative hypothesis about preconditioning of economic sustainability of the macro-level system by the structural balance of its four subsystems with different spatial and temporal localization is confirmed. The results of modeling have shown a number of interesting, previously not formalized, patterns of the country’s development and have allowed to better understand the forming mechanism of its sustainability in different periods during 2000–2015. Both the methodology itself and the empirical results obtained on its basis open up a wide variety of perspectives of micro and macroeconomic analysis.
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Westaby, James D., und Adam K. Parr. „Network Goal Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems: Testing Dynamic Network Theory in Complex Social Networks“. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 56, Nr. 1 (24.10.2019): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021886319881496.
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Grounded in dynamic network theory, this study examined network goal analysis (NGA) to understand complex systems. NGA provides new insights by inserting goal nodes into social networks. Goal nodes can also represent missions, objectives, or desires, thus having wide applicability. The theory ties social networks to goal nodes through a parsimonious set of social network role linkages, such as independent goal striving, system supporting, feedback, goal preventing, supportive resisting, and system negating (i.e., those who are upset with others in the pursuit). Moreover, we extend the theory’s system reactance role linkage to better account for constructive conflicts. Two complex systems were examined: a team’s mission and an individual’s work project. In support of dynamic network theory, using the Quadratic Assignment Procedure, results demonstrated significant shared goal striving, system supporting, and shared connections between goal striving and system supporting. These findings manifest what we coin as multipendence: Systems having some actions independently involved with goals, while others are dependently involved in the associated network. NGA also demonstrated that the goal nodes manifested strong betweenness centrality, indicating that goal striving and feedback links were connecting entities across the wider system. Strategies to plan network goal interventions are illustrated with implications for practice.
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ZACZYK, Mateusz, und Filip LIEBERT. „The resilience of social logistics systems – introduction“. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2020, Nr. 146 (2020): 543–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2020.146.39.
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Purpose: The article aims to formulate basic assumptions defining the resilience of complex systems falling within social logistics' scope of interest. The article emphasizes the importance of general systems theory for the contemporary understanding of management sciences, with particular emphasis on logistics. The authors of the article have also characterized, based on the current state of literature, the concept of social logistics as one of the three "clean" types of logistics, positioning it alongside military and economic logistics Design/methodology/approach: The article presents an overview of approaches to the crystallizing issue of social logistics in literature. The analyzed object of research was referred to the general theory of systems and conclusions were drawn in the form of proposals to shape the social logistics system. In addition, the authors presented an original proposal for the composition of the social logistics system based on observation of the activities of social entities and in-depth analysis of Polish and foreign literature. Findings: Then it was proposed to consolidate the term 'social logistics system resilience' and to conduct empirical research along with an outline of the research procedure. The proposed research procedure will be used and the results of research conducted in accordance with it – described in subsequent articles of the authors. Social implications: In the article, it was concluded that the subject of the study is relatively broad, and the link between the topic of social logistics and supply chain resilience is a research gap that will be filled by series of articles, the starting link of which is this one. The analyzes contained in the article refer to a large extent to the problems of comfort in social life, with particular emphasis on human needs of a social nature. Originality/value The originality of the article express in compiling the issues of social logistics with issues of systems’ resilience. In the face of the constantly observed negative phenomena disrupting the functioning of social logistics systems, the topic of their resilience is of particular importance.
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Marchiori, Patricia Zeni, Andre Luiz Appel, Eduardo Michellotti Bettoni, Denise Fukumi Tsunoda und Frank Coelho de Alcântara. „Elements of social representation theory incollaborative tagging systems“. Transinformação 26, Nr. 1 (April 2014): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-37862014000100004.
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This article discusses the information representation process based on the Moscovici's Social Representation Theory and domain analysis in Information Science. The aim was to identify mechanisms and constituent dimensions of social representation in collaborative tagging systems/social bookmarking systems. Scientific knowledge was defined as the object/phenomenon of representation in these systems; and the tag as the shareable structure of meaning that connects participants and resources. The empirical research involved descriptive statistical techniques applied to a corpora of tags available in CiteULike, which is a social tagging system developed for the academic community. The data analysis, performed in a sample of groups derived from the dataset, showed that the users' reuse of their own tags resembles the anchorage mechanism. The reuse of tags by other participants - in the same group - reveals some evidence of the objectification mechanism. Some speculation arose about the cognitive effort made by the individual, under group influence, with regard to the tagging activity, user's choice of resources, and sharing styles. Further studies on social bookmarking systems depend both on a "gain scale" of users and items tagged, requiring techniques and procedures redesigned by Information Science, Statistics, Network Analysis, Linguistics/Sociolinguistics and Social Psychology.
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El Manzani, Younès, Mohamed Larbi Sidmou und Jean-jack Cegarra. „Does IS0 9001 quality management system support product innovation? An analysis from the sociotechnical systems theory“. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 36, Nr. 6 (03.06.2019): 951–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-09-2017-0174.
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Purpose Building on the sociotechnical systems theory (STS), the purpose of this paper is to investigate the direct impacts of the social and technical QMs (ISO 9001) practices on both incremental and radical product innovation and the direct relationships relaying QMs (ISO 9001) as a sociotechnical system with incremental and radical product innovation. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for a survey instrument to collect quantitative data from 82 Moroccan certified ISO 9001 firm. A partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the research hypotheses. Findings Results show that the social and technical QMs (ISO 9001) practices do not have a significant relationship with incremental and radical product innovation when they are taken in isolation. However, when ranged together to constitute a whole sociotechnical system of QMs (ISO 9001), QMs (ISO 9001) prove to have a strong positive and significant impact on incremental product innovation and a weak positive and significant impact on radical product innovation. Research limitations/implications Because of the small sample size that might weaken the significance of the results and the use of cross-sectional data, this research may lack a large statistical generalizability vis-à-vis the analytical generalization. Practical implications The results provide useful implications for managers, suggesting that in order to develop their product innovation, they must ensure that both QMs (ISO 9001) social and technical practices achieve a high level of integration without allowing some quality practices to take over. Originality/value Based on the STS, this study is the first to focus primarily on the role of the multi-dimensional structure of QMs (ISO 9001), i.e. social and technical practices, in incremental and radical product innovation.
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Kudzh, Stanislav A., und Viktor Ya Tsvetkov. „Trinitarian systems“. Russian Technological Journal 7, Nr. 6 (10.01.2020): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2019-7-6-151-167.
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The article explores the trinitarian systems used in the natural and technical sciences. Various types of trinitarian systems are considered. A systematic analysis of trinitarian systems was carried out. The article proves that the trinitarian system is the simplest complex system. The paper examines the relationship of trinitarian systems with the theory of categories. It is shown that the trinitarian system serves as the basis for categorical analysis. The paper proves that the trinitarian system is the simplest multigraph. The trinitarian system allows transforming spaces of different curvature into each other. The trinitarian system in linear systems defines a cyclicity, which can entail: development, degradation or bifurcation. Triangulation essentially develops a trinitarian approach and can be considered as the use of a trinitarian system to solve theoretical or technical problems in areas such as, for example, psychology, social sciences, politics, geometry, and ground surveying. The general conclusion is that the Trinitarian system is a universal instrument of cognition.
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Chhibber, Pradeep K., und John R. Petrocik. „The Puzzle of Indian Politics: Social Cleavages and the Indian Party System“. British Journal of Political Science 19, Nr. 2 (April 1989): 191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400005433.
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The social cleavage theory of parly systems has provided a major framework for the study of Western party systems. It has been quite unimportant in studying other party systems, especially those of developing countries, where comparative development, and not mass electoral politics, has been the focus of study. This article reports the results of an attempt to bridge these traditions by analysing popular support for the Congress Party of India in terms of the expectations of the social cleavage theory of parties. This analysis illustrates the degree to which Indian partisanship conforms to the expectations of the theory. More importantly, this social cleavage theory analysis offers some new perspectives on (1) the inability of the Indian political system to develop national parties other than the Congress and (2) the ‘disaggregation’ of the Congress party.
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Qi, Ji, Zhong Yi Zheng und Jian Min Li. „Risk Mutability Analysis and Pre-Control of Dynamical System“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 533 (Februar 2014): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.533.360.
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Based on systematical research on catastrophe theory, system dynamics is a general theory to describe dynamical systems with the goal of achieving structural stability and dynamic stability. In this paper, catastrophe model of dynamic system is established and elements of the system are defined as well. Conditions for system structure mutating are also defined via analysis on dynamism, fuzziness and mutability of system structure. In view of the fact that modes and strength of disturbance or damage to system structural stability are two decisive factors for major accident occurrence and consequences, the course of disturbance or damage can be deemed as the process of quantitative evaluation of major accident risks. Hence, by adopting combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and with the help of simulation technology, decision-makers can do researches on engineering, social and economic systems to make scientific and effective pre-control.
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Hiscock, Robert. „Paradigm lost? A historical review of the application of systems theory to public relations since 1975“. Public Relations Inquiry 8, Nr. 3 (September 2019): 201–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2046147x19872239.
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This study traces the formative application of systems theory to public relations and its consideration as a promising paradigm framework for the field, through a rich array of critical perspectives, and more recent analyses that examine public relations as a social phenomenon. The principles of grounded theory are applied to the selection and assessment of a representative sample of academic literature published between 1975 and 2016. A categorization framework emerges from the thematic analysis of the data that re-evaluates the historical application of systems theory. Two main insights emerge from the study. First, even in cases where a specific systems theory is not directly invoked, systems concepts are evident throughout the data of this period. Second, although systems theory has been applied extensively in the analyses of the organization, and more lately in the analyses of the impacts of public relations on the social world as a whole, analysis of the individual as a system actor as a central unit of analysis was not apparent in the data. Accordingly, a reflection on the individual as a system actor is undertaken, along with an updated visual model of the public relations system. Concluding remarks summarize the case for the ongoing relevance of systems theory to public relations research, practice, and education.
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Li, Fei, Meijun Zhou und Zhangxuan Qin. „Generated land systems: recognition and prospects of land system science“. Environmental Reviews 28, Nr. 2 (Juni 2020): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2019-0045.
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Although land system research has made important progress in land change monitoring, long-term histories of land use change, land system change modeling, and case-study synthesis, it still faces some challenges in system integration and comprehensive analysis. To better understand and explore the comprehensiveness of land systems, system integration theory should be combined with system generation theory that emphasizes historical accumulation. Therefore, this paper revisits some of the basic connotations and theories of land system science by reviewing relevant research and proposes the concept of generated land systems based on system generation theory with an aim to providing a reference base for future research. As coupled human–environment systems are generated by mankind’s transformation, utilization, and adaptation of the land surface and its upper and lower spaces of Earth, generated land systems evolve in the mutual generation and restriction of the biophysical environment, land use, and social economy. The evolution forms of generated land systems can be classified as fluctuation, degradation, and optimization based on the ascendency and resilience of the system. The need for generated land systems to be multi-functional is what motivates the direction and form of generated land system evolution. Generation mechanism, process, adaptability, scale effect, and tele-coupling are important issues of generated land system research. In addition, how generated land systems can enter a new evolutionary cycle through functional transformation is also crucial to achieving sustainable management and utilization of land resources.
Dissertationen zum Thema "System analysis. Social systems. System theory"
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Tootell, Holly. „The social impact of using automatic identification technologies and location-based services in national security“. Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080519.145309/index.html.
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Kilembe, Busekese. „RE-VISIONING MARXISM IN WORLD POLITICS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF WALLERSTEIN’S WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY“. Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22652.
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This thesis purports to critically analyze Wallerstien’s world-systems theory, to test its strengths and weaknesses and establish its reliability as a world politics theory, thereby reviving Marxism in general. The study employs a qualitative research method to go deep into the underlying logic of the theory.In an endeavor to tackle the matter at hand, five criteria of analysis are employed to examine the merits and demerits in specific areas of the theory. This involves looking at the structure of the theory, the period of the emergence of capitalism, the unit of analysis, the coherence of the arguments and processes of the theory and the reliability of the world-systems theory in contemporary world politics. The main conclusion of the study is that the world-systems theory is reliable when used to explain three themes in world politics. These are global inequality, dependency and sovereignty.
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Tashev, Azamat. „Understanding Ecosystem Services through Organizational Analysis: Application to the Truckee-Carson River System“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1515072255449453.
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Moir, Mark James. „Contextual Leadership: The Social Construction of Leadership in a Comprehensive Healthcare System“. [Yellow Springs, Ohio] : Antioch University, 2009. http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=antioch1247843733.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Antioch University, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed October 7, 2009). Advisor: Elizabeth Holloway, Ph.D. "A dissertation submitted to the Ph.D. in Leadership and Change program of Antioch University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2009."--from the title page. Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-161).
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Williams, D. „Social practice theory and sustainable mobility : an analysis of the English local transport planning as a system of provision“. Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2014. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/24486/.
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The UK Government is committed to reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by 80% from 1990 levels by 2050. Reducing emissions from motorised transport and changing travel behaviour of people wishing to travel are two possible means of achieving this. To support schemes designed to change behaviour the UK Government provided a five year funding stream to local authorities in England (excluding London) called the Local Sustainable Transport Fund (LSTF). The LSTF funding creates an opportunity for people to change the way they travel, through the provision of new infrastructure and training. This research is designed to understand how the transport system influences creates this opportunity. This thesis investigates an alternative approach to the existing dominant behaviour change paradigm of behavioural economic theory, favoured by the UK Government. The research examines using the potential benefits of applying the sociological method of Social Practice Theory (SPT). SPT is different to psychology-based approaches as it considers the ‘practice’ that is being undertaken, rather than focusing on the individual undertaking the action. The research explores Shove et al.’s (2012) 3-Elements model, an accessible representation of the complexities of SPT, to demonstrate whether the materials, meanings and competences that make up a social practice are reflected in the design of the sustainable transport bids for LSTF funding and, if not, how the bids could be improved by incorporating the SPT perspective. The research applies SPT in two ways. Firstly, an analysis was undertaken of LSTF bid documents to understand what elements of the practice(s) of travelling the proposed schemes were trying to alter. Secondly, it examines the practices of transport planning itself (in the context of the LSTF). Through the development of the research it became evident that the 3-Elements model would not provide a sufficient explanation of the practices of transport planning. A new conceptual model was therefore created incorporating Fine and Leopold’s (1993, 2002) Systems of Provision (SOP) model to identify the structures, processes, agents and relationships that exist within the Transport Planning SOP (TPSOP) that influence how practices are performed and how this ultimately influences the practices of travelling. The research has been developed from a critical realist perspective and constructs a narrative to explain what the 3-Elements and TPSOP conceptual models tell us about the transport planning sector and the practices of travel. As such does not seek an absolute truth as to the influences on the practices of travelling. The research uses a mixed methods approach to gathering data. This includes content analysis of all 145 LSTF bid submissions, a survey of the bid managers and semi-structured interviews with 23 transport professionals from across the TPSOP. The analysis of the results from the data collection found that the meanings within transport planning of what is defined as a sustainable transport initiative come from national government and this meaning has a direct influence on the types of schemes that were bid for by Local Authorities (LAs). The findings also identified that the national government exerted its power through the provision of funding to LAs who met their vision of what is defined as a sustainable transport scheme. Using the TPSOP conceptual model it was possible to demonstrate the importance of funding as a process, used to exert power. The research found that although the national government was able to exert this power through the delivery of sustainable transport initiatives, the use of funding only created the opportunity for change to occur, rather than creating change. The thesis provides a contribution to knowledge by exploring the applicability of the 3-Elements model to understanding the practices of transport planning and how they ultimately influence how travelling is performed. For example if funding is provided for the construction new carriageways to enable people to drive private motor vehicles, then this is how the practices of travelling are likely to be performed. The 3-Elements model is therefore a more useful tool for use in the design stage of transport initiatives to ensure the meanings that the initiative will create are better understood and mitigated at an earlier stage of the process. The research also demonstrated that the TPSOP model provided a means of describing the underlying mechanisms that exist within the complexes of practices, as defined by Shove et al. (2012). This is because the TPSOP model is able to highlight power relations and the processes used to control the system when attempting to create change. In addition to these conclusions the research identified changes required within the TPSOP to improve the performance of sustainable transport initiatives. These include changing the type of funding supplied to LAs to deliver sustainable transport initiatives to include more consistent funding for revenue based schemes to provide marketing, training programmes and the subsidising of key public transport services. Alterations are also required to the evaluation process for transport schemes to place a far greater emphasis on social, environmental and health impacts of transport.
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Kocak, Yunus Emre. „Power And Decline In The British And American Hegemonies: A Wallersteinian Analysis“. Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607960/index.pdf.
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The concept of hegemony has been an important subject in the 1970s as the US hegemonic position has entered into a decline period. This study aims to underline that the ongoing decline of US hegemony shares substantial analogies with the decline of British hegemony in the late 19th century. As the hegemonic economy enters into contraction period, it starts to experience financial expansion. Today, the US hegemony is in the midst of such an orientation toward the financialization. The study analyzes the historical changes within both hegemonic cases by direct references to the world-system theory and construct a comparative perspective in production, commerce and finance domains respectively to support these arguments.
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Christensen, David M. „Understanding the National Science Foundation's CAREER Award Proposal Genre: A Rhetorical, Ethnographic, and System Perspective“. DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/923.
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With tightening university budgets, never before has the activity level of research grant proposal writing been more intense. With increased proposal numbers, including for the National Science Foundation's (NSF) prestigious CAREER award, has also come increased competition and decreased funding rates. This dissertation has searched for successful and unsuccessful characteristics from funded and unfunded CAREER proposals. The research focused on a study of two key subjects: 1) a corpus of 20 texts that included 12 funded proposals and 8 unfunded proposals from across NSF programs, and 2) an ethnographic analysis comprised from interviews with 14 NSF program officers (PO) from varying programs. Coding elements with the texts to uncover topical chains of content, rhetorical, and document design strategies revealed sound rhetorical moves and rhetorical mistakes. The study also illustrated evidence of adherence to or neglect of NSF-mandated writing/formatting conventions as connected to the likelihood of receiving funding. Moreover, the study revealed conventions that have developed for the genre that are not prescribed by NSF but that, nevertheless, seem to be expected. Through genre field analysis, the study's interviews with program officers (PO) revealed a system of genre-agents and player-agents that interact together in a highly rhetorical and social system. This system, comprised of locales in which a multitude of play scenarios can be enacted to exert influence, operates within fairly exact rules of play. Such rules may be published by NSF or simply be "understood," yet principal investigators (PI) are held accountable for them regardless. The ethnography created from interviews with POs revealed multiple genre field elements (e.g., genre- and player-agents, transformative locales, play scenarios, penalty conditions) as well as common mistakes and best practices. A complete mapping of the CAREER award proposal preparation, submission, and review process resulted from the study, which mapping has offered insightful strategies to expand PI (and other agents') influence on the funding process. The dissertation concluded by offering investigators a step-by-step process to identify and map the elements of the proposal genre field in which they operate.
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Egli, Rosalie, und Isabelle Roos. „Jag vill inte gå till skolan! : En kvalitativ studie om elevhälsans arbete med hemmasittare i Karlstad“. Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för socialt arbete, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-30476.
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Introduction: The number of students with school refusal has remained at a constant level in Sweden since measurements began in 2006. School health service resources has been reduced since municipalisation which makes it difficult to intercept these students in time. Objective: To identify the tools of school health services, resources and professional skills with unauthorized absence, and the measures applied preventively. Method: A qualitative study based on seven semi-structured interviews with all professions within the school health services. Results: The school's responsibility affect both student health organization and the student's school structure. The new grades and subject schemes introduced in 2011 make higher requirements on today's students. It´s important that all of the school personell are aware of the problem and pursue the same objectives, for a good interaction. Discussion: School health services shared experiences around the concept school refusal behavior reflects the complexity of the problem. Knowledge and skills are important components. The school teams experience that they are self-taught regarding the subject but want further education and increased resources to be more preventive and relationship-building. Conclusion: Further Swedish research and knowledge is needed, as well as an improved definition of the concept in order to improve school health service’s work with school refusal students in student.Keywords:
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Bowers, Matthew. „Does Decertification Work? Outcome Analysis of the National Football Leagues Negotiated Order (1986-2008)“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1350.
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For decades, union membership and activity has been declining in North America; employers have demanded greater flexibility and have successfully weakened workplace and worker protections. Modern workers increasingly use alternative strategies to negotiate conditions of employment with managers who have limited their discretionary power. Negotiated order theory provides a useful tool for analyzing the mesostructural arrangements of bargaining parties during labor disputes. This thesis applies negotiated order theory to explore how and why the National Football League (NFL) players have twice decertified their union and sought court intervention to challenge the legitimacy of the League's highly restrictive reserve system. An outcome-focused content analysis was designed as a preliminary investigation to ascertain why an alternative strategy was sought and if the strategy proved more effective in securing the players' preferred ends than conventional collective bargaining. The NFL case offers a fixed market from which to formulate a negotiation context of the interorganizational structures and bargaining interactions of its members.
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Pearsall, Alison Jayne. „Enhancing the transitional care experiences of arrestees and remand prisoners with mental illness through intensive case management“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/enhancing-the-transitional-care-experiences-of-arrestees-and-remand-prisoners-with-mental-illness-through-intensive-case-management(8fea924e-e5db-4232-89bf-c11f6ad4c936).html.
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This thesis is an exploration of the perspectives of recipients and providers of health and criminal justice services about the transitional support needs of arrestees and remand prisoners, leaving short-term custody. The study implements Constructive Grounded Theory Methods, underpinned by the Network Theory of Social Capital as the theoretical framework. Forty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted, with five participant groups; service users (arrestees/remand prisoners), family/carers, mental health staff (criminal justice liaison and mental health in-reach, community mental health teams), criminal justice staff (police/prison officers) and mental health commissioners. Participants provided unique perspectives about the health and social support, available at the transitional points of leaving short-term custody. This was supported by the construction of 11 sociograms for service users, in both arrest (n=5) and remand (n=6) situations, to highlight the availability and functionality of support networks. Transitions are particularly problematic in relation to linking offenders with appropriate community-based mental health services. The over-arching constructed grounded theory is a need for a culture shift within health policy and practice to refocus on transitional care planning to optimise continuous care pathways. Associated themes include ‘lack of practical assistance’, ‘lack of crisis support’, ‘returning to the security of prison’ and ‘poor transition planning’. Critical Time Intervention, a variant of case management has demonstrated benefits when applied to mental health and offender populations, transiting from hospital and prison settings. The programme contains all the components of service that service users, carers and staff identified as important to effectively support transitions from short-term custody to the community.
Bücher zum Thema "System analysis. Social systems. System theory"
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Lugan, Jean Claude. La systémique sociale. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1993.
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Routledge handbook of world-systems analysis: Theory and research. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2012.
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The world as a total system. Beverly Hills, Calif: Sage Publications, 1985.
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Lewandowski, Sven. Sexualität in den Zeiten funktionaler Differenzierung: Eine systemtheoretische Analyse. Bielefeld: Transcript, 2004.
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The rise of systems theory: An ideological analysis. Malabar, Fla: R.E. Krieger, 1988.
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Congresso italiano di sistemica (2nd 2001 Trento, Italy). Emergence in complex, cognitive, social, and biological systems. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 2002.
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Modeling and visualization of complex systems and enterprises: Explorations of physical, human, economic, and social phenomena. Hoboken: Wiley, 2015.
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Karen, Shipp, und SpringerLink (Online service), Hrsg. Systems Thinkers. London: Springer London, 2009.
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United Kingdom Systems Society Conference on Systems Science: Addressing GlobalIssues (1993 Paisley, Scotland). Systems science: Addressing global issues. New York: Plenum Press, 1993.
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Midgley, Gerald. Systemic intervention: Philosophy, methodology, and practice. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 2000.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "System analysis. Social systems. System theory"
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Leydesdorff, Loet. „Subdynamics in Knowledge-Based Systems“. In Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Scientific and Scholarly Communication, 175–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59951-5_9.
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AbstractUsing a set of six equations, I propose to model “interactions,” the “organization of meaning,” and “self-organization” as three coordination mechanisms among expectations; three further equations can be derived to operationalize “double contingency,” “identity,” and “reflection.” One can expect that the subdynamics update one another in co-evolutions as feedbacks and feed-forwards. Interfaces among two (sub)dynamics can be expected to operate with time differences (At). Interactions among horizontal and vertical time differences can generate hyper-incursivity in interhuman communications. Hyper-incursion enables us to reconstruct expectations. The social system is probably the only system which can be expected to carry “strong” anticipation while being reproduced as expectations. A system of expectations is not alive, is not constrained by a life-cycle, and does not need to “exist” otherwise than as expectations. The dynamics against the arrow of time are “cultural”: they rest on codes as the pillars of discursive knowledge driven upward into horizons of meaning.
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Martínez García, José Saturnino, Eriikka Oinonen, Rafael Merino und Graziela Perosa. „Education and Inequality in Finland, Spain and Brazil“. In Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America, 105–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_4.
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AbstractFinland, Spain and Brazil are three very internally complex and heterogeneous realities, with contradictions and permanent reforms to their education systems. In a first quantitative approach each country can be placed in a continuum of the education system that goes from most successful in terms of reaching a high level of education all across the population, in conditions of equity and facilitating youths’ incorporation into the labour market, to least successful, with Finland and Brazil occupying either end of the spectrum respectively and Spain occupying an intermediate situation. Although there are differences, they share certain tensions in their respective education systems. On the one hand, about the conception of education, ranging from more utilitarian, human capital theories, to the more humanist and civic-minded perspective. On the other hand, the challenge of comprehensiveness between an academic and a vocational path. In addition, there is also the challenge of improving the education level of the population while also improving equality. The tensions differ from country to country, since their education traditions and cooperation and conflict strategies between the education agents, with varying levels of resources and different alliances with political actors vary, as does the social consensus.
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Yamat, Lucas E., und Claude G. Mung'ong'o. „A comparative cost-benefit analysis of mobile and sedentary pastoral production systems in selected villages in Northern Tanzania.“ In Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania, 59–98. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0059.
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Abstract Despite a growing body of evidence that highlights the economic, social and environmental benefits of mobile pastoralism, few governments are ready to tolerate mobility and many policy makers promote knowingly or inadvertently the policies of sedentarization. This production system seems not to be clearly understood by many and has been characterized as backward, environmentally destructive and economically unsustainable; and the view is that it should be replaced with more sedentary forms of livestock production or other beneficial land uses. The overriding question is whether sedentary livestock keeping is more productive and utilizes fewer resources and less space than the mobile pastoral system. This study carried out a comparative cost-benefit analysis of the two production systems in selected villages of Kiteto and Karatu districts. The aim was to come up with credible data to test this hypothesis. Two alternatives were compared in terms of their net present value (NPV) to test a null hypothesis. The alternative with an NPV greater than zero or higher than its alternative was accepted to be more viable compared with the one with an NPV less than zero or less than its alternative. Whenever the NPV of the sedentary production system in the analysis was shown to be greater than zero and/or greater than the NPV of the mobile pastoral production system the null hypothesis was accepted and vice versa. The study was conducted in Makame village of Kiteto District and Dofa village of Karatu District. Makame village represents a mobile pastoral production system while Dofa village represents a sedentary production system. The study employed a quantitative approach using a household survey in the two villages. The comparative cost-benefit analysis was carried out using monetary values derived from the livestock unit statistical approach. The findings have revealed that the average cost of maintaining a mobile pastoral and sedentary production systems are TSh90,096,333 and TSh112,295,200, respectively. The cost-benefit ratios are 1:0.5 for a mobile pastoral production system and 1:0.25 for the sedentary one.
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Fukui, Hideo. „Real Estate and the Legal System of Japan“. In New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 3–7. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8848-8_1.
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AbstractIn Part I, entitled Real Estate and the Legal System, we analyze owner-unknown land issues, land acquisitions, and real estate auctions.The use and value of real estate such as land and buildings are significantly affected by public laws and regulations related to urban planning and construction, the environment, and taxation; for example, contract laws such as the Act on Land and Building Leases; private laws regulating torts, collateral enforcement, and so on; tax laws that regulate transfer taxes, ownership taxes, and transaction taxes; and regulations surrounding land use and urban infrastructure development. This paper discusses, therefore, the relationships between these laws and real estate, identifies problems in the laws associated with real estate in Japan, and proposes improvements.First, in recent years, owner-unknown land issues have become a serious concern in Japan. The Japanese registry does not always reflect the actual rightful owner, primarily because such registration is only a perfection requirement in civil law and registration involves a great deal of time and money. For example, because a large extent of land is registered to owners from nearly 100 years ago, it has changed hands many times through inheritance, which means that today, it is extremely difficult to determine the actual owner (inheritor) without spending a great deal of time and money. However, if the profits to be obtained from the land do not justify such expense, the land remains unused as “owner-unknown land.”Buying and selling land under Japanese civil law requires an agreement from all landowners including in the case of shared ownerships; therefore, even if the land has high returns, if it is “owner-unknown land,” it cannot be used effectively. With a focus on unknown-owner land, in this section, four writers provide multifaceted perspectives on the causes thereof, the defects in the current system, and the possible solutions.Eminent domain, the system which allows the acquisition of land against the land owner’s will for public projects, is widely institutionalized in many countries. It works to mitigate the owner-unknown land issues as far as lands are acquired by public projects.Further, real estate auctions are often held when liens are placed on land and/or residences for housing loan defaults. The Japanese civil auction system, which was institutionalized at the end of the nineteenth century, stipulates that a tenancy that is behind on a mortgage may resist a purchase unconditionally as long as the mortgage default period is within 3 years (short-term lease protection system/former Civil Code Article 395). This system was intended to avoid the unstable use of mortgaged properties and to promote the effective use of real estate; however, because the majority of users and the beneficiaries of this system were in fact anti-social groups, it was used to demand money unjustly from debtors and buyers, thus preventing the effective use of the mortgaged properties.When the protection of short-term leases was abolished in 2004, these types of interferences are said to have decreased drastically. However, successful bids for auctioned real estate properties continue to be lower than in general transactions. Therefore, here, we provide a quantitative analysis of these situations and propose further auction system improvements.Below, we introduce the outlines of each theory in Part I.
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Vitiello, Giuseppe. „Quantum Field Theory and System Theory“. In Emergence in Complex, Cognitive, Social, and Biological Systems, 383–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0753-6_32.
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Fuentes, Rubén, Jorge J. Gómez-Sanz und Juan Pavón. „Social Analysis of Multi-agent Systems with Activity Theory“. In Current Topics in Artificial Intelligence, 526–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-25945-9_52.
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Oyama, Tatsuo. „Applying OR Theory and Techniques to Social Systems Analysis“. In Operations Research and Optimization, 249–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7814-9_18.
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Martínek, Tomáš, Josef Kudělka, Milan Navrátil und Vojtěch Křesálek. „Scanning System for Ballistic Analysis“. In Automation Control Theory Perspectives in Intelligent Systems, 175–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33389-2_17.
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Endriss, Ulle. „Social Choice Theory as a Foundation for Multiagent Systems“. In Multiagent System Technologies, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11584-9_1.
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„The Social System Level of Analysis“. In Gatekeeping Theory, 105–16. Routledge, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203931653-14.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "System analysis. Social systems. System theory"
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Widyantoro, Dwi H., und Tino E. K. Sambora. „System development of commercial logo analysis on online social media“. In 2015 2nd International Conference on Advanced Informatics: Concepts, Theory and Applications (ICAICTA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaicta.2015.7335355.
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Kotenko, Igor, Alexander Branitskiy, Artem Tishkov und Elena Doynikova. „Analysis of Formats of Young People’s Communicative Behavior in Social Network“. In 2020 24th International Conference on System Theory, Control and Computing (ICSTCC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icstcc50638.2020.9259747.
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Iovanovici, Alexandru, Alexandru Topirceanu, Mihai Udrescu und Mircea Vladutiu. „Design space exploration for optimizing wireless sensor networks using social network analysis“. In 2014 18th International Conference on System Theory, Control and Computing (ICSTCC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icstcc.2014.6982519.
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Becheru, Alex, und Elvira Popescu. „Using social network analysis to investigate students' collaboration patterns in eMUSE platform“. In 2017 21st International Conference on System Theory, Control and Computing (ICSTCC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icstcc.2017.8107045.
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CONSTANTINOV, Calin, Lucian IORDACHE, Adrian GEORGESCU, Paul-stefan POPESCU und Mihai MOCANU. „Performing Social Data Analysis with Neo4j: Workforce Trends & Corporate Information Leakage“. In 2018 22nd International Conference on System Theory, Control and Computing (ICSTCC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icstcc.2018.8540645.
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Hassan, N. R., T. C. Richards und J. D. Becker. „Using Social Network Analysis to Test an IT-Enabled Business Process Reengineering Theory“. In Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2006.526.
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Nan, Jiang, und Zhen Huo Jia. „Supply Risk Identification and Analysis of Iron and Steel Enterprises Supply Chain Based on Social System Theory“. In 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2008.2470.
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Aprilia, Dianti Eka, und Albarda. „Usability, User Experience and Self-Determination Theory Motivation Analysis of Pregnancy Application for Antenatal Care Support Information System Requirements“. In 1st Paris Van Java International Seminar on Health, Economics, Social Science and Humanities (PVJ-ISHESSH 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210304.001.
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Khristodulo, Olga, Vladimir Gvozdev, Oxana Bezhaeva und Marat Shamsutdinov. „Assessment of the characteristics of the municipal solid waste management system based on the apparatus of the theory of reliability“. In International Conference "Computing for Physics and Technology - CPT2020". Bryansk State Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fce277281cca9.86270786.
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Currently, the problem of organizing a municipal solid waste management system (MSW) has become more acute in Russian regions and all over the world. Various environmental and economic problems, as well as problems related to public health negatively affect many aspects of the development of modern society. Therefore, the careful organization of the management of the MSW management system is of great social importance and needs constant improvement.
In this paper, we look at the MSW management system from the point of various scientific approaches, namely, structural analysis methods, geoinformation technology methods, reliability theory for complex technical systems, evergetics, graph theory and fuzzy logic methods, including the apparatus of linguistic variables. The purpose of the work is to show the possibility of application and systematic combination of the above scientific methods that have proven themselves well in their fields to a new area of the MSW management systems. However, just application of these approaches is impossible without their further adaptation and systematization from the point of view of existing approaches to the management of similar systems.
As part of this study, elements of the MSW management system were identified and a topological model of the system was developed. Structural-logical models of reliability at various levels of abstraction were also built.
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Dombrowski, Uwe, und Markus Palluck. „Methodical Approach to Factory Planning Regarding a Lean Production System“. In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59232.
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Factory planning has been developed from a unique and infrequently performed activity to a permanent management task with an immense complexity. Furthermore the meaning of human-social and organizational aspects becomes more crucial, because of the linkage of different processes (e.g. product development and oder processing). A new type of lean production system (LPS), that is currently implemented in many european enterprises, offers a holistic approach to arrange enterprise-specifically methods in order to design the production in a comprehensive and consistent way. Now, the challenge of factory planning is to configure the elements of the factory in a way, that they support the fulfilment of the purposes of the production system in the best possible way. Based on the described challenges for factory planning, this paper offers a methodology to identify and illustrate the influences of the elements of an LPS on the elements of a factory. These influences are structured in a matrix. Therefore the interdependencies between the requirement areas (methods/tools of an LPS) and the scopes for design (elements of a factory) are structured hierarchically by various levels.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "System analysis. Social systems. System theory"
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Lian, Jianming, Y. Sun, Karanjit Kalsi, Steven E. Widergren, Di Wu und Huiying Ren. Transactive System: Part II: Analysis of Two Pilot Transactive Systems using Foundational Theory and Metrics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1422303.
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Lian, Jianming, Y. Sun, Karanjit Kalsi, Steven E. Widergren, Di Wu und Huiying Ren. Transactive System: Part II: Analysis of Two Pilot Transactive Systems using Foundational Theory and Metrics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1615028.
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Tipton, Kelley, Brian F. Leas, Nikhil K. Mull, Shazia M. Siddique, S. Ryan Greysen, Meghan B. Lane-Fall und Amy Y. Tsou. Interventions To Decrease Hospital Length of Stay. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb40.
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Background. Timely discharge of hospitalized patients can prevent patient harm, improve patient satisfaction and quality of life, and reduce costs. Numerous strategies have been tested to improve the efficiency and safety of patient recovery and discharge, but hospitals continue to face challenges. Purpose. This Technical Brief aimed to identify and synthesize current knowledge and emerging concepts regarding systematic strategies that hospitals and health systems can implement to reduce length of stay (LOS), with emphasis on medically complex or vulnerable patients at high risk for prolonged LOS due to clinical, social, or economic barriers to timely discharge. Methods. We conducted a structured search for published and unpublished studies and conducted interviews with Key Informants representing vulnerable patients, hospitals, health systems, and clinicians. The interviews provided guidance on our research protocol, search strategy, and analysis. Due to the large and diverse evidence base, we limited our evaluation to systematic reviews of interventions to decrease hospital LOS for patients at potentially higher risk for delayed discharge; primary research studies were not included, and searches were restricted to reviews published since 2010. We cataloged the characteristics of relevant interventions and assessed evidence of their effectiveness. Findings. Our searches yielded 4,364 potential studies. After screening, we included 19 systematic reviews reported in 20 articles. The reviews described eight strategies for reducing LOS: discharge planning; geriatric assessment or consultation; medication management; clinical pathways; inter- or multidisciplinary care; case management; hospitalist services; and telehealth. All reviews included adult patients, and two reviews also included children. Interventions were frequently designed for older (often frail) patients or patients with chronic illness. One review included pregnant women at high risk for premature delivery. No reviews focused on factors linking patient vulnerability with social determinants of health. The reviews reported few details about hospital setting, context, or resources associated with the interventions studied. Evidence for effectiveness of interventions was generally not robust and often inconsistent—for example, we identified six reviews of discharge planning; three found no effect on LOS, two found LOS decreased, and one reported an increase. Many reviews also reported patient readmission rates and mortality but with similarly inconsistent results. Conclusions. A broad range of strategies have been employed to reduce LOS, but rigorous systematic reviews have not consistently demonstrated effectiveness within medically complex, high-risk, and vulnerable populations. Health system leaders, researchers, and policymakers must collaborate to address these needs.
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Chornodon, Myroslava. FEAUTURES OF GENDER IN MODERN MASS MEDIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Februar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11064.
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The article clarifies of gender identity stereotypes in modern media. The main gender stereotypes covered in modern mass media are analyzed and refuted. The model of gender relations in the media is reflected mainly in the stereotypical images of men and woman. The features of the use of gender concepts in modern periodicals for women and men were determined. The most frequently used derivatives of these macroconcepts were identified and analyzed in detail. It has been found that publications for women and men are full of various gender concepts that are used in different contexts. Ingeneral, theanalysisofthe concept-maximums and concept-minimum gender and their characteristics is carried out in the context of gender stereotypes that have been forme dand function in the society, system atizing the a ctual presentations. The study of the gender concept is relevant because it reveals new trends and features of modern gender images. Taking into account the special features of gender-labeled periodicals in general and the practical absence of comprehensive scientific studies of the gender concept in particular, there is a need to supplement Ukrainian science with this topic. Gender psychology, which is served by methods of various sciences, primarily sociological, pedagogical, linguistic, psychological, socio-psychological. Let us pay attention to linguistic and psycholinguistic methods in gender studies. Linguistic methods complement intelligence research tasks, associated with speech, word and text. Psycholinguistic methods used in gender psychology (semantic differential, semantic integral, semantic analysis of words and texts), aimed at studying speech messages, specific mechanisms of origin and perception, functions of speech activity in society, studying the relationship between speech messages and gender properties participants in the communication, to analyze the linguistic development in connection with the general development of the individual. Nowhere in gender practice there is the whole arsenal of psychological methods that allow you to explore psychological peculiarities of a person like observation, experiments, questionnaires, interviews, testing, modeling, etc. The methods of psychological self-diagnostics include: the gender aspect of the own socio-psychological portrait, a gender biography as a variant of the biographical method, aimed at the reconstruction of individual social experience. In the process of writing a gender autobiography, a person can understand the characteristics of his gender identity, as well as ways and means of their formation. Socio-psychological methods of studying gender include the study of socially constructed women’s and men’s roles, relationships and identities, sexual characteristics, psychological characteristics, etc. The use of gender indicators and gender approaches as a means of socio-psychological and sociological analysis broadens the subject boundaries of these disciplines and makes them the subject of study within these disciplines. And also, in the article a combination of concrete-historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is implemented. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. Also used is a method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-stamped journals. It was he who allowed quantitatively to identify and explore the features of the gender concept in the pages of periodicals for women and men. A combination of historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is also implemented in the article. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. A method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-labeled journals is also used. It allowed to identify and explore the features of the gender concept quantitatively in the periodicals for women and men. The conceptual perception and interpretation of the gender concept «woman», which is highlighted in the modern gender-labeled press in Ukraine, requires the elaboration of the polyfunctionality of gender interpretations, the comprehension of the metaphorical perception of this image and its role and purpose in society. A gendered approach to researching the gender content of contemporary periodicals for women and men. Conceptual analysis of contemporary gender-stamped publications within the gender conceptual sphere allows to identify and correlate the meta-gender and gender concepts that appear in society.
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Alkan, Haluk. GOVERNANCE IN THE TURKEY OF THE FUTURE. İLKE İlim Kültür Eğitim Vakfı, Dezember 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26414/gt011.
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Report considers the field of governance first at the level of constitutional institutions and tradition, addressing the development of Turkey’s constitutional politics and contemporary debates as its subject matter. Secondly, the report includes the primary institutional structures relevant to establishing constitutional institutions into its subject matter. In this context, the political party regimes, electoral system, and public administration must be handled with their current structures and problems. Whether at the level of the constitution or the primary institutional structures, analyses are debated in terms of the socio-administrative dynamics that are determinant in shaping these structures, the effects these dynamics have on the formation of institutional structures and administrative traditions, and finally their impact on the functioning of Turkish politics. When creating the vision document, the report will identify Turkey’s stance within global debates through both its similarities, as well as its peculiarities to other nations. In this context, concrete and practicable recommendations are made to improve the functionality of the Presidential System, which was introduced with the 2017 Constitutional Referendum.
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Banerjee, Onil, Martin Cicowiez und Renato Vargas. Integrating the Value of Natural Capital in Evidence-Based Policy Making. Inter-American Development Bank, Dezember 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002900.
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This paper describes how Natural Capital Accounting (NCA) can be integrated into economy wide analytical frameworks to enhance evidence based decision making. Examples from applications of the Integrated Environmental Economic Modelling (IEEM) Platform show how explicitly accounting for the contributions of the environment to the economy in economic forecasting can lead to substantially different policy recommendations, overcoming some of the scope limitations of traditional economic performance analysis. Furthermore, the paper describes how NCA can be integrated into more traditional economic performance measurements, such as the System of National Accounts and their indicators such as adjusted Gross Domestic Product and Genuine Savings. Integration of natural capital into economy-wide analytical frameworks leads to better policy uptake of research findings and it empowers policymakers to avoid short-sighted decisions, which, although they can generate short-term economic gain, can have adverse consequences for economic, social, and environmental sustainability in the long run.
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McGregor, Lisa, Sarah Frazer und Derick Brinkerhoff. Thinking and Working Politically: Lessons from Diverse and Inclusive Applied Political Economy Analysis. RTI Press, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0038.2004.
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Political economy analysis (PEA) has emerged as a valuable approach for assessing context and the local systems where international development actors seek to intervene. PEA approaches and tools have grown and adapted over the last 40 years through innovations by donor agencies and practitioners. Our analysis of nine PEAs reveals the following findings: PEAs can make positive contributions to technical interventions; engaging project staff in PEAs increases the likelihood that they will be open to a thinking and working politically mindset and approach; inclusion of gender equity and social inclusion (GESI) in PEAs helps to uncover and address hidden power dynamics; and explicitly connecting PEA findings to project implementation facilitates adaptive management. Implementation lessons learned include careful consideration of logistics, timing, and team members. Our experience and research suggest applied PEAs provide valuable evidence for strengthening evidence-based, adaptive, international development programming. The findings highlight the promise of PEA as well as the need for ongoing learning and research to address continued challenges.
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Hall, Mark, und Neil Price. Medieval Scotland: A Future for its Past. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.165.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings. Underpinning all five areas is the recognition that human narratives remain crucial for ensuring the widest access to our shared past. There is no wish to see political and economic narratives abandoned but the need is recognised for there to be an expansion to more social narratives to fully explore the potential of the diverse evidence base. The questions that can be asked are here framed in a national context but they need to be supported and improved a) by the development of regional research frameworks, and b) by an enhanced study of Scotland’s international context through time. 1. From North Britain to the Idea of Scotland: Understanding why, where and how ‘Scotland’ emerges provides a focal point of research. Investigating state formation requires work from Medieval Scotland: a future for its past ii a variety of sources, exploring the relationships between centres of consumption - royal, ecclesiastical and urban - and their hinterlands. Working from site-specific work to regional analysis, researchers can explore how what would become ‘Scotland’ came to be, and whence sprang its inspiration. 2. Lifestyles and Living Spaces: Holistic approaches to exploring medieval settlement should be promoted, combining landscape studies with artefactual, environmental, and documentary work. Understanding the role of individual sites within wider local, regional and national settlement systems should be promoted, and chronological frameworks developed to chart the changing nature of Medieval settlement. 3. Mentalities: The holistic understanding of medieval belief (particularly, but not exclusively, in its early medieval or early historic phase) needs to broaden its contextual understanding with reference to prehistoric or inherited belief systems and frames of reference. Collaborative approaches should draw on international parallels and analogues in pursuit of defining and contrasting local or regional belief systems through integrated studies of portable material culture, monumentality and landscape. 4. Empowerment: Revisiting museum collections and renewing the study of newly retrieved artefacts is vital to a broader understanding of the dynamics of writing within society. Text needs to be seen less as a metaphor and more as a technological and social innovation in material culture which will help the understanding of it as an experienced, imaginatively rich reality of life. In archaeological terms, the study of the relatively neglected cultural areas of sensory perception, memory, learning and play needs to be promoted to enrich the understanding of past social behaviours. 5. Parameters: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches should be encouraged in order to release the research potential of all sectors of archaeology. Creative solutions should be sought to the challenges of transmitting the importance of archaeological work and conserving the resource for current and future research.
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Cachalia, Firoz, und Jonathan Klaaren. A South African Public Law Perspective on Digitalisation in the Health Sector. Digital Pathways at Oxford, Juli 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2021/05.
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We explored some of the questions posed by digitalisation in an accompanying working paper focused on constitutional theory: Digitalisation, the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ and the Constitutional Law of Privacy in South Africa. In that paper, we asked what legal resources are available in the South African legal system to respond to the risk and benefits posed by digitalisation. We argued that this question would be best answered by developing what we have termed a 'South African public law perspective'. In our view, while any particular legal system may often lag behind, the law constitutes an adaptive resource that can and should respond to disruptive technological change by re-examining existing concepts and creating new, more adequate conceptions. Our public law perspective reframes privacy law as both a private and a public good essential to the functioning of a constitutional democracy in the era of digitalisation. In this working paper, we take the analysis one practical step further: we use our public law perspective on digitalisation in the South African health sector. We do so because this sector is significant in its own right – public health is necessary for a healthy society – and also to further explore how and to what extent the South African constitutional framework provides resources at least roughly adequate for the challenges posed by the current 'digitalisation plus' era. The theoretical perspective we have developed is certainly relevant to digitalisation’s impact in the health sector. The social, economic and political progress that took place in the 20th century was strongly correlated with technological change of the first three industrial revolutions. The technological innovations associated with what many are terming ‘the fourth industrial revolution’ are also of undoubted utility in the form of new possibilities for enhanced productivity, business formation and wealth creation, as well as the enhanced efficacy of public action to address basic needs such as education and public health.
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Bagley, Margo. Genome Editing in Latin America: CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy. Inter-American Development Bank, Juli 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003409.
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The power and promise of genome editing, CRISPR specifically, was first realized with the discovery of CRISPR loci in the 1980s.i Since that time, CRISPR-Cas systems have been further developed enabling genome editing in virtually all organisms across the tree of life.i In the last few years, we have seen the development of a diverse set of CRISPR-based technologies that has revolutionized genome manipulation.ii Enabling a more diverse set of actors than has been seen with other emerging technologies to redefine research and development for biotechnology products encompassing food, agriculture, and medicine.ii Currently, the CRISPR community encompasses over 40,000 authors at 20,000 institutions that have documented their research in over 20,000 published and peer-reviewed studies.iii These CRISPR-based genome editing tools have promised tremendous opportunities in agriculture for the breeding of crops and livestock across the food supply chain. Potentially addressing issues associated with a growing global population, sustainability concerns, and possibly help address the effects of climate change.i These promises however, come along-side concerns of environmental and socio-economic risks associated with CRISPR-based genome editing, and concerns that governance systems are not keeping pace with the technological development and are ill-equipped, or not well suited, to evaluate these risks. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) launched an initiative in 2020 to understand the complexities of these new tools, their potential impacts on the LAC region, and how IDB may best invest in its potential adoption and governance strategies. This first series of discussion documents: “Genome Editing in Latin America: Regulatory Overview,” and “CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy” are part of this larger initiative to examine the regulatory and institutional frameworks surrounding gene editing via CRISPR-based technologies in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions. Focusing on Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, they set the stage for a deeper analysis of the issues they present which will be studied over the course of the next year through expert solicitations in the region, the development of a series of crop-specific case studies, and a final comprehensive regional analysis of the issues discovered.