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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „TECHNO-ECONOMICAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "TECHNO-ECONOMICAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM"
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Fecser, Nikolett, und István Lakatos. „Developing water supply system in Szőgye“. Pollack Periodica 17, Nr. 1 (25.03.2022): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/606.2021.00467.
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Abstract The deteriorative processes occurring in the environment, the growth of population, the water demand of industry and agriculture, point out day after day the increasing role of water management. The economical use of drinking-water consumption as well as the cost reduction is becoming more and more important. In this research, the measure of a water supplier of Győr was examined in terms of implementing the purposes above.
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Agbaba, Jasmina, Malcolm Watson, Marijana Kragulj Isakovski, Uglješa Stankov, Božo Dalmacija und Aleksandra Tubić. „Water Supply Systems for Settlements with Arsenic-Contaminated Groundwater—Making the Right Choice“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 17 (23.08.2023): 9557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13179557.
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The environmentally and economically sustainable provision of safe drinking water remains one of the most significant public health challenges facing society. It is particularly difficult in small municipalities that lack the human and financial resources to maintain complex and/or expensive water treatment systems, especially in regions where the water is naturally contaminated with toxic substances such as arsenic. This paper analyses two municipalities (Kanjiža and Senta) in northern Serbia with groundwater arsenic concentrations significantly higher than the 10 µg/L maximum allowable concentration. Two different water supply approaches are compared: (1) local supply, where each settlement has their own treatment plant using existing sources; (2) creation of a centralised network, which connects several settlements together with better quality water sources. The analysis considers techno-economical aspects and the quantity and quality of available water, as well as the yields investment and exploitation cost projections for both approaches. The results demonstrate that for small municipalities, a holistic approach to decision making is necessary to find the best solutions for drinking water supply, which in the case of the two municipalities studied is connection to a centralised system supplied from better quality water sources and the creation of connections beyond municipal administrative boundaries.
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Farok, G. M. G. „Non-Revenue Water (NRW) is a challenge for Global Water Supply System Management: A case study of Dhaka Water Supply System Management“. Journal of Mechanical Engineering 46, Nr. 1 (11.05.2017): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v46i1.32520.
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Non-revenue Water (NRW) is an important component of commercial water system management. NRW is the result of pipelines leakage, improper, illegal service connections and theft water. NRW contributes system loss that is a buzzword. Actually, NRW is uncounted water that has been produced but it is confirmed to be lost before it consumes the customer. This matter agitates for all concern and specially it affects the whole economy. Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) is one of the main utilities in Dhaka City and it is the mostimportant sector of the Government of Bangladesh. The potable water distribution network has been installed at the whole area of the city and it covers periphery of the city and its extension is going from N. Gonj to Tongi as well as surrounding area of this city. Non-revenue water surveys were conducted on specific fields and areas that were selected randomly. It would be gradually becoming a serious issue affecting the interest of all concerned andwould be one of the major crises to be solved with techno-managerial concept.
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Vieira, F., und H. M. Ramos. „Optimization of the energy management in water supply systems“. Water Supply 9, Nr. 1 (01.03.2009): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2009.768.
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Water supply systems frequently present high-energy consumption, which correspond to the major expenses of these systems. Energy costs are a function of real consumption and the daily energy tariff. This paper presents a model of optimization to guarantee the delivery of enough water to populations, for each day. Although, in order to achieve that, energy for pumping is needed, representing the main cost for the companies that operate the systems. The model, developed in MATLAB®, provides the best solution to take in each time step. Simultaneously the population water consumption must be guaranteed, and the hydraulic system restrictions fulfilled. The definition of optimal pumping schedules allows the reduction of operation and maintenance costs associated with pumping energy, as well as the increase of global hydraulic system efficiency. The rules are subsequently introduced into a hydraulic simulator (EPANET), to verify the system behaviour along the simulation period. In addiction, a water turbine is introduced in one of the system's branches. The economical benefits from the generated energy from the water turbine can not be neglected and the wind complementary turbine for pumping supply provides also significant economical savings.
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Girma, Zelalem. „Techno-economic analysis of photovoltaic pumping system for rural water supply in Ethiopia“. International Journal of Sustainable Energy 36, Nr. 3 (04.03.2015): 277–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786451.2015.1017498.
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Senapti, Sucharita, D. T. Santosh und L. P. Pholane. „Techno economic feasibility of drip irrigation for vegetable cultivation“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 17, Nr. 2 (15.06.2021): 636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/17.2/636-643.
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Vegetable cultivation is a highly practised agricultural activity in India.Commercial horticulture includes the cultivation of both indigenous and exotic vegetables. Vegetable cultivation under the drip irrigation system provides favourable environment for crops growth to achieve higher yield and good quality produce. Adaption of improved irrigation method and supply of precision amount of irrigation water and nutrients to crops are the important in achieving greater yield and avoiding loss of water and nutrients. Micro irrigation can be used to irrigate vegetable crops efficiently in the greenhouse and open field conditions. Both the pan evaporation and FAO-56 Penman-Monteith methods have been adopted to estimate the water requirement of crops under greenhouse structures and in an open field condition. The fertilizer application along with micro irrigation system optimizes the water and fertilizer use efficiency. Vegetables require precision amount of irrigation and fertilizers application and suitable climatic conditions. A very limited information is available on the supply and management of these important inputs.This report presents the role of micro irrigation forthe cultivation of vegetable crops. The design and installation of micro irrigation system, estimation of irrigation requirement of various vegetable crops using micro irrigation are also presented in this manuscript of the report.
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Toumi, Sana, Yassine Amirat, Elhoussin Elbouchikhi, Zhibin Zhou und Mohamed Benbouzid. „Techno-Economic Optimal Sizing Design for a Tidal Stream Turbine–Battery System“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, Nr. 3 (22.03.2023): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11030679.
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This article deals with the techno-economic optimal sizing of a tidal stream turbine (TST)–battery system. In this study, the TST system consists of a turbine rotor and a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) associated with a three-phase converter coupled to a DC bus. A battery is used within the system as an energy storage system to absorb excess produced power or cover power deficits. To determine the optimal sizing of the system, an iterative approach was used owing to its ease of implementation, high accuracy, and fast convergence speed, even under environmental constraints such as swell and wave effects. This technique is based on robust energy management, and the recursive algorithm includes the deficiency of power supply probability (DPSP) and the relative excess power generation (REPG) as technical criteria for the system reliability study, and the energy cost (EC) and the total net present cost (TNPC) as economic criteria for the system cost study. As data inputs, the proposed approach used the existing data from the current speed profile, the load, and economic parameters. The desired output is the system component optimal sizing (TST power, and battery capacity). In this paper, the system sizing was studied during a one-year time period to ensure a more reliable and economical system. The results are compared to well-known methods such as genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, and software-based (HOMER) approaches. The optimization results confirm the efficiency of the proposed approach in sizing the system, which was simulated using real-world tidal velocity data from a specific deployment site.
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Kanareykin, Aleksandr. „Improving the energy efficiency of the solar heat supply system of buildings based on vacuum collectors“. E3S Web of Conferences 402 (2023): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340205007.
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Currently, many residential buildings and businesses use solar water heating systems. This is an economical and reliable type of hot water supply. Heating water for domestic purposes or heating using solar energy is a natural and simple method of saving energy and preserving fossil fuel reserves. The use of renewable energy sources is relevant for all countries of the world. The article deals with the issue of improving the energy efficiency of the solar heat supply system of buildings based on vacuum collectors with natural circulation of the coolant.
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McLean, R., und P. McManamon. „An innovative approach to small town water quality improvements“. Water Supply 3, Nr. 3 (01.06.2003): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0028.
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Innovative solutions are required to meet the conflicting criteria of service level, community need, community desire, cost and risk to the supply authority in the delivery of water quality improvements to small regional communities. Grampians Region Water Authority services 74 towns in North-Western Victoria, an area of generally low rainfall, sparse settlement and few natural waterways. Town populations range from 10 to 13,000, with 56 towns having less than 500 people. A Water Quality Improvement Plan was recently developed by Grampians Water to address these natural difficulties. The plan examined a broad range of alternatives beyond the single-pipe reticulated supply system, including dual-pipe reticulation, rainwater sources and household water treatment systems for achieving target quality levels. The key findings were:• regional treatment plants are not economical if towns are more than 25 km apart• salinity is a major influence on strategy• for low salinity supplies, conventional treatment is most economical• for marginal salinity supplies, a two stage process involving conventional treatment and desalination is appropriate• desalination provides a total solution for high salinity groundwater supplies• drinking quality can only be economically achieved in very small towns by using household treatment of rainwater in a dual supply system. The resultant strategies and implementation issues outlined reveal some significant variations to the conventional approach.
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Xuan, Xiao Yi, und Hui Xuan Zhang. „Application of Rainwater Garden in Economical Ecological Urban Landscape“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 800–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.800.
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With the acceleration of global sustainable development, the shortage of water resources especially the city has become the focus of attention in all countries since water is the key to build a resources-saving ecological city. The article improved the existing "rain garden" project and replenished the purification of the rain in order to realize the urban water cyclic utilization ,through recycling rainwater, which can manage rainstorm effectively , improve the urban water cycle system, as well as supply urban irrigation and underground water. Besides, the combination of urban landscape and stormwater management system, if widely accepted, will not only improve the urban water problem, but also improve the urban environment, alleviating the urban heat island effect and improving the local climate. It can shape a new resources-saving ecological city and then realize the sustainable development of resources.
Dissertationen zum Thema "TECHNO-ECONOMICAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM"
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MAHOUR, MANENDER. „APPLICATION OF LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS IN SELECTION OF BEST TECHNO-ECONOMICAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM“. Thesis, 2016. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/14433.
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Water is rapidly becoming a scarce resource in all cities of Republic of India with
growing population on the one hand, and fast growing economies, commercial and
developmental activities on the other. This scarcity makes water both a social and an
economic good. Its users range from poor households with basic needs to
agriculturists, farmers, industries and from commercial undertakings with their needs for
economic activity to rich households for their higher standard of living. For all these
uses, the water supply projects being proposed either new water supply scheme or for
extension and augmentation.
Buchteile zum Thema "TECHNO-ECONOMICAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM"
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Pawar, Mukund M., Nitin Sonaje und Srushti C. Bagal. „Commercial Viability Analysis for Converting Conventional Water Supply System into 24×7 Water Supply Systems by Using Water Gems“. In Techno-Societal 2018, 887–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16848-3_80.
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Kougias, Ioannis, Thomas Patsialis, Nicolaos Theodossiou und Jacques Ganoulis. „Hydropower Projects within a Municipal Water Supply System“. In Exploring Innovative and Successful Applications of Soft Computing, 59–75. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4785-5.ch004.
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The interest of those involved in hydroelectricity has been attracted by mini-hydro projects due to their minimal environmental impact and low installation cost. Besides, mini hydros can cooperate with an impressively wide extent of water-related infrastructure, offering a broad potential for investment. In the present chapter, the integrated solution of hydro implementation in water supply systems is presented. Thus, the benefits of a water-supply installation (with constant Q) are extended to energy production. However, defining the optimum operation of such a project is a complicated task, which may involve environmental, hydraulic, technical, and economical parameters. In the present chapter a novel approach is presented, the optimum management of mini hydros in a water supply system with the use of an optimization algorithm (i.e. Harmony Search Algorithm [HAS]). This approach is applied at a site in Northern Greece and is used as a case study of the present chapter.
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Murtaza, Ghulam, Muhammad Saqib, Saifullah, Muhammad Zia-ur Rehman, Muhammad Naveed und Abdul Ghafoor. „Mitigation of Climate Change Impacts through Treatment and Management of Low Quality Water for Irrigation in Pakistan“. In Reconsidering the Impact of Climate Change on Global Water Supply, Use, and Management, 84–101. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1046-8.ch006.
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The Indus Plains of Pakistan are situated in arid to semi-arid climate where monsoon rains are erratic and mostly fall in the months of July and August. These rains are not only insufficient to grow even a single crop without artificial irrigation but also cause flood havoc very frequently that is associated with the climate change. The Indus river transports water for agriculture, industry and domestic usage within the basin and downstream. The Indus Basin is among the few basins severely affected by global warming and resulting climate change. The alteration in temporal and spatial patterns of rainfall has resulted in unexpected drought and floods. About 70 to 80% of total river flows occur in summer season due to snow melt and monsoonal rainfalls. Lack of storage reservoirs has decreased the ability to regulate flood water as well as its potential use during the drought season along with cheap hydro-electricity generation. The sedimentation in the system has limited the storage capacity of the existing three reservoirs by 28%. Consequently carry over capacity of these storage structures is only 30 days compared to 120 to 220 days in India and 900 days in Colorado Basin. Pakistan is facing shortage of good quality water due to competition among agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, this scenario will continue rather will further aggravate in future. According to the climate change scenario, the warming is reflected in the river-flow data of Pakistan, especially during the past 2-3 decades. To bridge the gap between fresh water availability and demand, ground water is being pumped to meet the irrigation requirements of crops. The pumped ground water (70-80%) is brackish and could become a sustainability issue in the long run. The prolonged agricultural uses of such water will deteriorate soils, crops and human living environments. Water quality parameters usually considered include electrical conductivity (EC) for total soluble salts, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) reflect the sodicity hazards. In order to limit or even to eliminate adverse effects of such waters, certain treatment and/or management options are considered as important pre-requisites. For bringing down high concentration of total soluble salts, dilution with good quality water is the doable practice. To decrease high SAR of irrigation water, a source of calcium is needed, dilution (with good quality water) will decrease SAR by the square root times of the dilution factor, while use of acids will be cost-intensive rather may adversely impact the soil health. For high RSC, dilution with low CO32-+HCO3- water will serve the purpose, addition of Ca-salts will raise Ca2++Mg2+ to bring a decrease in water RSC, while acids will neutralize CO32-+HCO3- to lower water RSC. Gypsum is the most economical and safe amendment while acids could also decrease RSC but at higher relative cost. City wastewater and seed priming in aerated gypsum solution is also presented. Such practices at small and/or large scale surely will help a lot to sustain the food security and the environment in the days to come where climate change has to be experienced round the world. Therefore, a well-coordinated program is necessary to create awareness among different sections of the society including the policy makers, general public, organizations, industrialists and farmers.
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van Eeten, Michel J. G., und Emery Roe. „Adaptive Management in a High Reliability Context: Hard Problems, Partial Responses“. In Ecology, Engineering, and Management. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195139686.003.0006.
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The examples found at the beginning of this book are, to our minds, neither instances of a lack of societal commitment to saving the environment nor evidence of unreasonable demands for highly reliable services. If they were that, the obvious answer would then be to bite the bullet and take either the environment or the services more seriously. In our view, the examples really express the hard paradox of having to improve the environment while ensuring reliable services at the same time. Beyond specific examples, the strongest expressions of the paradox being taken seriously in terms of the budgets and stakes involved are those large-scale adaptive management initiatives proposed and undertaken in regions where they seem most difficult to implement; that is, where the reliable provision of services is a priority. Just what “reliability” is for the kinds of organizations we study is detailed in chapter 4. Here, we take a closer look at our case studies to see how the issues are articulated empirically. The paradox is even enshrined in law. The mandate of the Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act of 1980, for example, is to “protect, mitigate and enhance fish and wildlife affected by the development, operation, and management of [power generation] facilities while assuring the Pacific Northwest an adequate, efficient, economical, and reliable water supply.” But how to do this? Or, as one ecologist, Lance Gunderson (1999b, p. 27), phrased the paradox, “So how does one assess the unpredictable in order to manage the unmanageable?” The answer usually given by ecologists and others is to “undertake adaptive management” (chapter 2). The decision maker learns by experimenting with the system or its elements, systematically and step-by-step, in order to develop greater insight into what is known and not known for managing ecosystem functions and services. Learning more on the ground about the system to be managed is imperative, especially given imprecisely defined terms such as “restore,” “enhance,” and “reliable.” As the senior biologist planner at the Northwest Power Planning Council told us, the last clause of the Power Act “AERPS” (adequate, efficient, economical, and reliable power supply) “never has been quantified, so it is not very clear what it actually means.” He is not alone.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "TECHNO-ECONOMICAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM"
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Adedeji, Paul A., Obafemi O. Olatunji, Nkosinathi Madushele und Nickey Janse van Rensburg. „Techno-Economic Analysis of Solar PV-Assisted Hydroponic System - A Case Study in Johannesburg, South Africa“. In ASME 2022 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2022-86265.
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Abstract Nutrient film technology-based hydroponic systems are hydrophilic. Hence, a constant water supply is essential for the optimal yield and viability of the investment. Though the national grid could power water pumps for a hydroponic system in urban areas, incessant load shedding in South Africa has significantly affected the yield. Hence, the need for an alternative power supply for these systems. This study conducted a techno-economic analysis on a proposed solar photovoltaic (PV) for a hydroponic food garden located in Johannesburg. The case study constitutes one of the Urban Agricultural Initiatives (UAI) in the city. The optimal solar-PV sizing for the hydroponic system was developed. Two scenarios for powering the hydroponic system were investigated vis-à-vis the standalone solar-PV and national grid with solar-PV and battery backup. Among other cost functions, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) was used to evaluate the systems. The simulations were performed using HOMER Pro tool for Microgrid Analysis to determine the profitability of the two alternative energy sources on the system. Among the two alternatives, the hybrid system offered a lower net present value (NPV) of 79, 156.74 (ZAR) and an LCOE of 0.47 (ZAR) compared with the standalone system with an NPV of 290,930.73 (ZAR) and an LCOE of 2.57 (ZAR). However, the indirect value chain of the hybrid solution is associated with environmental emissions. The results obtained from the two scenarios could be used as a model for powering other urban hydroponic systems in other geospatial locations. While system effectiveness is highly prioritized, an economical scenario that mitigates the load shedding effects and enhances the productivity of the hydroponic food garden is very vital.
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Lin, Fang, Jiale Jian, Fang Wang und Jia Yang. „Research on Cold End Optimization of Water Supply Mode of Expanded Unit System of Circulating Water System in Coastal Nuclear Power Plant“. In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92613.
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Abstract A typical northern nuclear power plant and a typical southern nuclear power plant are selected to optimize the cold end of the circulating water system with one machine and two pumps in an expanded unit system. And study the optimal operation mode of the circulating pump and the cold end configuration scheme with the minimum annual cost in this water supply mode. It is discussed how to combine the site conditions of the nuclear power plant, the price of raw materials and the main cold-end equipment of the steam turbine, the cost of the main structures of the water supply and drainage system and the related annual operating costs, power generation income and other factors, to seek the optimal solution through economic and technical comparison of multiple schemes. That is to select the optimal matching combination scheme of the configuration of the cooling water system such as the configuration scheme of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, the area of the condenser, the flow rate of the cooling water pump, and the cooling water pipe trench, and determine the economical and reasonable design parameters of the equipment at the cold end. By comparing the cold end optimization results of the constant speed scheme of 1 machine with 2 pumps, the frequency conversion scheme of 1 machine with 2 pumps and the expansion unit system scheme of 1 machine with 2 pumps, the frequency conversion scheme of 1 machine with 2 pumps is superior in terms of technology and economy and has a great advantage for the northern site. For the southern site, due to the higher water temperature and smaller variation, the advantage is less.
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Robbins, Curtis M. „Off-Grid Residential Hydrogen Energy System“. In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36197.
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Many energy consuming applications are beyond the realm of a distributed power network. These applications require an economical means for constant and sufficient power. It is the goal of the off-grid Hydrogen project to supply this current and future demand. The project is a mobile unit consisting of inverters, batteries, an electrolyzer, hydrogen storage, propane storage, an internal combustion engine generator, and computer unit. A renewable energy source and a water source from the site are connected to the trailer. A residential load will be met using solar renewable energy in the form of solar panels and wind turbines. The mobile device can be brought to off-grid locations to supply the electricity requirements of a current residential lifestyle.
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Shimizu, F., H. Shigefuji, K. Tanaka und K. Tokuda. „Water Jet Effect on Solid Discharge in Siphon Tube“. In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37621.
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The siphon phenomenon is widely used for the transportation system of water and it is very economical and ecological because the natural energy of water is only used for the power source of the transportation system. We consider that effective utilization of the siphon phenomenon is very useful for a discharge system of solid pills with water. In the present paper, the effects of water jet conditions and the flow tube configurations are experimentally investigated to enhance the discharge performance of the solid pills inside the water tank. From experimental results, it was clearly that an appearance of the siphon phenomenon enhanced the discharge performance of the solid pills from the water tank. And the influence of flow tube configurations appeared remarkably when the supply time of the water jet became long.
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Amoroso, Fernando, Rubén Hidalgo-León, Jaqueline Litardo, Alejandro Granja, Jackeline Calderón, Diego Siguenza-Alvarado und Guillermo Soriano. „Simulations of Solar Power Systems to Provide Electricity to a Model Water Desalination Plant in Floreana Island, Ecuador“. In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-62841.
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Abstract This work shows the techno-economic comparison of the design of two solar photovoltaic systems: 1) on-grid (G-SPVS) and 2) off-grid (SPVS). Both schemes aim to supply electricity to a model water desalination plant located in Floreana Island, Ecuador. The annual load profiles and other operational details of the case study were previously obtained. For this research, a period of 15-years was analyzed. During this time, the maximum power of water pump system remained constant and represented the highest percentage of the electrical load, which changed each year influenced by the drinking water requirements of the population. Results from the HOMER PRO simulations showed that the SPVS produced higher surpluses of electricity. In contrast, the G-SPVS exhibited lower net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE).
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Arnulfi, Gianmario L., und Martino Marini. „Performance of a Water Compensated Compressed Air Energy Storage System“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50627.
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In a growing energy scenario, electric utility companies have to take into account new managing strategies. The increasing seasonal gap in energy demand, the penetration of stochastic sources (wind and sun) and of combined heat and power plants are making more and more difficult to schedule power production. Energy storage can balance supply and demand over different time scales, with technical and economical benefits. The two options for large size plants are pumped storage hydro and Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES). In the present paper, a CAES plant both with and without water compensation, is considered. The time window is an entire year as there is a remarkable difference between the seasons. Indeed in winter and summer the price fluctuation amplitude can be profitably exploited while between seasons are less suitable in a storage perspective because of the relative flatness of the daily price pattern. The adopted strategy is based on two price thresholds: below the former, a single charging step is carried out at night, above the latter, one or more steps of electricity production are carried out at peak hours. Finally, amid the thresholds, the plant works as a mere gas turbine or is shut off. Of course the mere GT working is available only if turbo compressor and expander are consistent and this affects the performance of each machine during charge or discharge phases. The shape of the daily price pattern strongly impacts on the cash flow. The proposed model is applied to the present Italian scenario as the energy market, taxes and services are concerned. The water compensated plant attains a storage density nearly twice higher than without compensation.
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Djebedjian, Berge. „Reliability-Based Water Network Optimization for Steady State Flow and Water Hammer“. In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10234.
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The paper presents the reliability-based water network optimization by selecting the optimal pipe diameters for steady state flow and water hammer under hydraulic reliability. Hydraulic reliability is the probability that a water distribution system can supply consumers’ demands over a specified time interval under specified conditions. Thus, hydraulic reliability refers to the basic function of a water distribution system; conveyance of desired water quantities at desired pressures to desired locations at desired times. The evaluation of the hydraulic reliability of a network is achieved through stochastic simulation. In this study, the Monte Carlo simulation is used. The optimization method used in this study is the Genetic Algorithm (GA) which is a popular optimization choice for solving problems that are difficult for traditional deterministic optimization methods. The main advantage of GA is its ability to find the global optimum by using function values only. The GA is integrated with a hydraulic analysis solver, a Monte Carlo simulation program and a transient analysis program to improve the search for the optimal diameters under certain constraints. These include the minimum allowable pressure head constraints at the nodes for the steady state flow and the minimum and maximum allowable pressure head constraints for the water hammer. The approach was applied on a network and the transient flow is introduced to the water system by the pump power failure. The application of GA optimization tool to the case study demonstrates the capability of the Monte Carlo method and the genetic algorithm to find the optimal pipe. The technique of the optimal pipe diameter selection is very economical as the network design can be achieved without using hydraulic devices for water hammer control. This technique is not only crucial for the design and performance of water networks, but also effective in minimizing costs.
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Zhao, Gang, Ping Ye, Jie Wang und Xiaoyong Yang. „HTR-PM Technology in Energy Supply of Petrol Chemical Industry in China: An Economic Feasibility View“. In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59092.
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The massive use of fossil fuel has caused huge carbon emission and serious air pollution in China. Now all kinds of alternative energy technology are developing rapidly to solve such problem in China. Electricity produced by non-fossil fuel energy is continued to increase sharply in China. But it’s hard for regular alternative energy, such as wind power, solar power, hydroelectricity power, nuclear power and so on, to easily provide process heat for industry, especially high temperature steam. High temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR, sometimes also called HTR) is a kind of nuclear reactor, which are demonstrated very high efficiencies, safety and availability features by American and German power plant. HTR differs from water nuclear reactors by offering a high thermal efficiency for electricity generation and a high level of passive safety features. Now HTR-PM project is built in Shidao Bay of China. Moreover, HTR is the only nuclear reactor, which can provide high temperature steam comparing with other water nuclear reactors. So HTR can provide a versatile cogeneration solution for industry. In this paper, a case was studied, how to provide heat for a refinery and petro-chemical plant with HTR. Firstly, the energy need of a typical large chemical plant in china was investigated. Steam supply diagram of an oil refinery plant, which produced 10 million tons oil products and 1 million tons ethylene in China, was calculated. Secondly, technical feasibility of energy providing by HTR cogeneration plant was discussed. Extraction steam from HTR system was designed for the chemical plant. It would meet the requirement of steam supply for chemical plant and would replace the captive power plant, where coal was burning. The balance of steam, enthalpy and temperature was calculated. At last, economic evaluation for such cogeneration plants was carried out. The steam supply cost from captive coal power plant and HTR cogeneration plant was compared. Some economical conclusion was made from the discussion.
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Collins, Jeffrey M., Phillip R. Whitworth und Konstantin I. Matveev. „Experimental Testing and Numerical Modeling of Small-Scale Boat With Drag-Reducing Air-Cavity System“. In ASME 2021 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2021-62556.
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Abstract Hydrodynamic performance of ships can be greatly improved by the formation of air cavities under ship bottom with the purpose to decrease water friction on the hull surface. The air-cavity ships using this type of drag reduction are usually designed for and typically effective only in a relatively narrow range of speeds and hull attitudes and sufficient rates of air supply to the cavity. To investigate the behavior of a small-scale air-cavity boat operating under both favorable and detrimental loading and speed conditions, a remotely controlled model hull was equipped with a data acquisition system, video camera and onboard sensors to measure air-cavity characteristics, air supply rate and the boat speed, thrust and trim in operations on open-water reservoirs. These measurements were captured by a data logger and also wirelessly transmitted to a ground station and video monitor. The experimental air-cavity boat was tested in a range of speeds corresponding to length Froude numbers between 0.17 and 0.5 under three loading conditions, resulting in near zero trim and significant bow-up and bow-down trim angles at rest. Reduced cavity size and significantly increased drag occurred when operating at higher speeds, especially in the bow-up trim condition. The other objective of this study was to determine whether computational fluid dynamics simulations can adequately capture the recorded behavior of the boat and air cavity. A computational software Star-CCM+ was utilized with the VOF method employed for multi-phase flow, RANS approach for turbulence modeling, and economical mesh settings with refinements in the cavity region and near free surface. Upon conducting the mesh verification study, several experimental conditions were simulated, and approximate agreement with measured test data was found. Adaptive mesh refinement and time step controls were also applied to compare results with those obtained on the user-generated mesh. Adaptive controls improved resolution of complex shedding patterns from the air cavity but had little impact on overall results. The presented here experimental approach and obtained results indicate that both outdoor experimentation and computationally inexpensive modeling can be used in the process of developing air-cavity systems for ship hulls.
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Tomar, Anuradha, Sukumar Mishra und Chandrashekhar N. Bhende. „Techno-economical analysis for PV based water pumping system under partial shading/mismatching phenomena“. In 2016 IEEE 7th Power India International Conference (PIICON). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/poweri.2016.8077391.
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Leece, A., und C. Jiang. A preliminary techno-economic assessment of lithium extraction from flowback and produced water from unconventional shale and tight hydrocarbon operations in Western Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331879.
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In the path towards decarbonization, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are critical for the widespread adoption of electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems. To meet the growing demand for this mineral, various sources of lithium are being explored. This study evaluated the technical and economic feasibility of direct lithium extraction (DLE) from flowback and produced waters (FPW) of the Duvernay shale reservoir development near Fox Creek, Alberta and the Montney tight reservoir development in Northeast British Columbia using ion-exchange sorbents. Results indicate that lithium extraction from FPW using DLE technology is a viable option, with fluid pH, temperature, total suspended solids, and organic carbon affecting extraction efficiencies. In the assessment of Duvernay-based FPW fluids processed at a selected centralized facility, approximately 93 tonnes of lithium carbonate, or 105 tonnes of lithium hydroxide monohydrate could be produced annually, based on an average lithium content of 45.1 mg/L and a capacity of approximately 475,000 m3 per year. A discounted cash flow analysis determined the after-tax and royalty internal rate of return of 22% in the production of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), and 38% in the production of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH·H2O) from the Duvernay development area. Comparatively, in the assessment of Montney brine fluids processed at a modelled centralized facility, approximately 117 tonnes of lithium carbonate or 134 tonnes of lithium hydroxide monohydrate could be produced annually, based on an average lithium content of 57.7 mg/L and a capacity of approximately 475,000 m3 per year. A discounted cash flow analysis determined the after-tax and royalty internal rate of return of 29% in the production of lithium carbonate and 48% in the production of lithium hydroxide monohydrate from the Dawson Creek Montney development area. These findings demonstrate the economic feasibility of extracting and refining lithium into battery-grade products from a novel source based on forecasted commodity prices and the development of a domestic battery supply chain system. Further investigation of DLE technology, a strategic resource sampling and analysis program, and investigation into the minimum scale of lithium extraction development are recommended.