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Balachandran. „ENHANCEMENT OF TOTAL TECHNICAL LIFE OF AERO PLANES“. Journal of Computer Science 10, Nr. 3 (01.03.2014): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/jcssp.2014.403.410.
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Huang, Wen. „The Total Life-Cycle Management of Building Engineering Systems“. Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (März 2013): 3055–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.3055.
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The total life-cycle management of the building engineering system integrates all the elements (including goals, objects, processes, technology, etc.) of the engineering management in the dimension of the total life-cycle, thus achieving the overrall optimal goal of the engineering life-cycle system. For the realization of the engineering total life-cycle management, the engineering breakdown structure (EBS) is adopted: according to function and professional (technical) system, decomposing the engineering system into engineering subsystems with certain fineness. EBS can realize the whole-process integrated management of engineering planning, design, construction and operation, and technically support the total life-cycle management of all construction activities. Based on EBS, the total life-cycle management of the building engineering can ensure security, reliability and efficiency in the operation of the engineering total life cycle, focusing on the high-level goals of resource-saving, cost optimization, harmony with the environment, health and sustainable development.
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Matache, Bogdan A., und P. Lapner. „Anatomic Shoulder Arthroplasty: Technical Considerations“. Open Orthopaedics Journal 11, Nr. 1 (30.09.2017): 1115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001711011115.
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Osteoarthritis of the shoulder is a common condition in the aging population, and it can have profound effects on patients’ quality of life. The anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty is a well-described treatment modality resulting generally excellent outcomes. The objective of this review is to discuss the technical aspects of primary anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty, and to provide a framework to follow to achieve a successful surgical result. The topics covered include preoperative planning, surgical considerations, and approaches, humeral preparation, glenoid bone loss and the emerging concept of using the reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for the type B2 glenoid.
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He, Liang, und Wan Lin Guo. „A Material Selection Model of Mechanical Products Based on Total Life Cycle Design“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 84-85 (August 2011): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.84-85.310.
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Material selection in mechanical products based on total life cycle design is a complicated work, which should be studied systematically. A material selection model of mechanical products based on total life cycle design was proposed. A set of candidate materials were screened out, and then assessed according to the technical, economic and environmental assessment index. The candidate materials were ranked by using by using Z-transformation method in each of the assessment index. Different weights were assigned to each of the three assessment indexes, and global assessment was carried out according to different strategies or requirements which pay more attention to technical, economic or environmental performance of the material product used. A case in selecting aircraft structure element material was studied. The analysis results showed that the method could rank the candidate materials and selected out the “optimized material”, and the influence of the subjectivity of designer was reduced. The method provides some practical values for preliminary material selection in the early design stage of the mechanical products based on life cycle design.
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Vasudevan, Shriram K., P. R. Suresh und A. Balachandran. „A study of total technical life for an aircraft with implementation and suggestions for improvisation“. International Journal of Advanced Intelligence Paradigms 17, Nr. 3/4 (2020): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaip.2020.10029345.
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Balachandran, A., Shriram K. Vasudevan und P. R. Suresh. „A study of total technical life for an aircraft with implementation and suggestions for improvisation“. International Journal of Advanced Intelligence Paradigms 17, Nr. 3/4 (2020): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaip.2020.109509.
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Vosynek, Petr, Miloš Vlk und Tomas Návrat. „Review of Pressurized Vessel Structural Design – An Assessment of Total Life“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 624 (August 2014): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.624.218.
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The paper discusses life prediction of pressurized cylindrical container because of its dangerous failure during usage. The fatigue of material and crack propagation were obvious from the fracture surface. Crack initiation was located in the notch root of the thread. Our goal was to review the vessel structural design based on its technical documentation.Two approaches for estimating the crack initiation period were used. As input parameters, stress-strain relations in the notch were obtained from FEM analysis, done in ANSYS Workbench. The first approach makes use of Neuber’s rule based on elastic-plastic shakedown and cyclic stress-strain curve. The second concept (which is described in ČSN EN 13445-3 or AD 2000 Mekblatt S2 respectively) uses elastic shakedown. Included stress-life curves leads to the number of cycles to crack initiation.Finally the subcritical crack growth period and final fracture were estimated = the total life was evaluated.
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Vannijvel, M., und Albert M. Wolthuis. „Limitations and Concerns with Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer“. Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery 35, Nr. 02 (28.02.2022): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1742115.
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AbstractTransanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) was developed to overcome the technical challenges of a minimally invasive (ultra-) low anterior resection. This new technique has recently come under careful scrutiny as technical pitfalls were reported, in specific relation to the transanal approach. Patients are at risk for urologic lesions. Moreover, carbon dioxide embolism is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication. The benefit of TaTME from an oncological point of view has neither been clarified. Hypothetically, better visualization of the lower rectum could lead to better dissection and total mesorectal excision (TME) specimens, resulting in better oncologic results. Up until now, retrospective multicenter reports seem to show that short-term oncologic results are not inferior after TaTME as compared with after laparoscopic TME. Alarming reports have however been published from Norway suggesting a high incidence and particular multifocal pattern of early local recurrence. In this article, a balanced overview is given of the most important technical pitfalls and oncological concerns arising with this new procedure.
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Lukianchuk, Vadim, Boris Lanetskii, Hennadii Khudov, Ivan Terebuha, Oleksii Zvieriev, Oleh Shknai, Denys Zapara, Serhii Petruk, Valentyn Dyptan und Oleksandr Piavchuk. „Development of an experimental-estimation method for estimating indices of residual life of a radio technical complex“. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, Nr. 9(111) (30.06.2021): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.233538.
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To implement the operation of a radio technical complex according to its technical condition, it is necessary to jointly evaluate its reliability and residual life indices with required accuracy and reliability and minimization of the scope of special tests. The known methods are focused on separate solutions to the problems of estimating these indices as applied to the regulated strategy. To solve this problem, general provisions have been developed for estimating the indices of residual life of the radio technical complex including the accepted assumptions and limitations for developing the method, the estimated indices, and criteria of limiting state. The developed experiment-calculated method is a set of mathematical models of change of the reliability indices of a radio technical complex depending on calendar duration of operation or total operating time and analytical models of estimating the indices of its residual life. The mathematical models of change of mean time between failures, the probability of failure-free switching, and the parameter of the flow of failures of the radio technical complex depending on calendar duration of operation or the total operating time were presented in a form of regressive dependences. Analytical models of estimating the residual life indices are ratios for calculating the "average residual service life (resource)" according to the technical and economic criterion using regression-time dependences of the reliability indices. The developed experiment-calculated method can be used to estimate the indices of residual life of the radio technical complex with acceptable accuracy (no more than 2 quarters) and reliability (no worse than 0.8). In this case, the duration of the intervals of predicting the reliability indices should be 0.5 to 1 year and the corresponding observation intervals should be more than 1 year
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Vividia, Yemima Sahmura, und Bangun IR Harsritanto. „EVALUATION OF LIFE SAFETY TECHNICAL FACILITIES FROM FIRE ON APARTEMENT“. MODUL 19, Nr. 1 (29.05.2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mdl.19.1.2019.50-54.
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Vertical occupancy, especially apartments, began to live the face of the city. Not without reason, housing needs continue to increase sharply as the availability of vacant land is increasingly limited. Occupying an apartment becomes a trend and lifestyle for young people. The reason boils down to productivity. The construction of apartments is usually built close to various activity centers, both business, commercial, education, health to entertainment. The improvement of building construction is not supported by the availability of land that is increasingly limited, especially in the city of Jarakta, making the construction of high-rise buildings anticipate this. The construction of multi-story buildings also increases the risk of fire. In 2018, according to him, there were at least 1,078 recorded disaster events throughout 2018. Head of the Jakarta Fire and Rescue Management Agency, Subedjo, said that out of a total of 897 buildings or tall buildings in Jakarta, 280 tall buildings had not yet accomplished the fire protection system (Dinas, 2018).Therefore, this research needs to be done to evaluate the lifesaving facilities and infrastructure in the building. The application of fire safety in buildings can be evaluated regarding to NFPA 101 (2013). Based on NFPA 101A: Guide on Alternative Approaches for Life Safety (2013), there are 12 elements of safety and Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No. 26 / PRT / M / 2008 concerning Technical Requirements of Fire Protection Systems in Building Buildings. The building that became the object of research is one of the buildings in the area of Jakarta mentioned building X and building Y. The variables that are the focus of the research are fire stairs, fire doors, and access roads. Based on the results of the study, the level of reliability of the means of saving lives against fire hazards in building X is equal to 58% and in building Y is 65%.
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Quezada-Diaz, Felipe F., und J. Joshua Smith. „Options for Low Rectal Cancer: Robotic Total Mesorectal Excision“. Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery 34, Nr. 05 (September 2021): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1726449.
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AbstractLow rectal cancers (LRCs) may offer a difficult technical challenge even to experienced colorectal surgeons. Although laparoscopic surgery offers a superior exposure of the pelvis when compared with open approach, its role in rectal cancer surgery has been controversial. Robotic platforms are well suited for difficult pelvic surgery due to its three-dimensional visualization, degree of articulation of instruments, precise movements, and better ergonomics. The robot may be suitable especially in the anatomically narrow pelvis such as in male and obese patients. Meticulous dissection in critical steps, such as splenic flexure takedown, nerve-sparing mesorectal excision, and distal margin clearance, are potential technical advantages. In addition, robotic rectal resections are associated with lower conversion rates to open surgery, less blood loss, and shorter learning curve with similar short-term quality of life outcomes, similar rates of postoperative complications, and equivalent short-term surrogate outcomes compared with conventional laparoscopy. Robotic surgery approach, if used correctly, can enhance the skills and the capabilities of the well-trained surgeon during minimally invasive procedures for LRC.
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Badoian, A. G., O. V. Krestyaninov, D. A. Khelimskii, R. U. Ibragimov und R. A. Naydenov. „Predictors to quality of life improvements in patients with chronic coronary total occlusion depending on the selected treatment strategy“. Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases 10, Nr. 2 (19.06.2021): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17802/2306-1278-2021-10-2-72-83.
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Highlights. The impact of clinical, angiographic and procedure-related factors on the quality of life of patients with chronic coronary total occlusions has been reported.Background. The impact of patient-related factors including clinical and angiographic data and procedure-related factors on the quality of life remains debating.Aim. To assess the impact of baseline and procedure-related factors on the quality of life in patients with chronic coronary total occlusion.Methods. 140 patients with chronic single-vessel disease randomly assigned either to the invasive-strategy group or the conservative-strategy group. Quality of life was measured in all patients using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire, European Quality of Life Survey, and Rose Dyspnea Scale after 3 and 12 months. To determine the predictors to the quality of life improvements in both groups, simple and multivariate regression analysis were performed. The baseline clinical, angiographic and procedure-related factors were included in the analysis.Results. The technical success of the procedure was the independent predictor to quality of life improvement in the invasive-strategy group (OR: 5.8, 95%, CI: 3,26-9.18, p = 0.001). The absence of diabetes mellitus (OR: 0.19, 95%, CI: 0.09-0.84, p = 0.04), CTO of other than left anterior descending artery (OR: 2.1, 95%, CI: 1.09-4.0, p = 0.03) and higher SAQ - 7 score at baseline (OR: 1.1, 95%, CI: 1.04-1.21, p = 0.02) independently predicted the improvements in the quality of life. The indicators of quality of life between the subgroups of subintimal and intraluminal recanalization did not differ significantly in the long-term period. The total SAQ-7 score in the subintimal recanalization subgroup was 85.5 ± 9.1 versus 89.3 ± 9.6 in the intraluminal recanalization subgroup (p = 0.21).Conclusion. The decision on the management of patients with chronic coronary total occlusions should be made individually, taking into account baseline clinical and instrumental data. The recanalization technique does not affect the quality of life. Its choice should be made individually in order to achieve technical success.
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Ahmad, Putri Asnorsalbiah, und Normala Ismail. „Validation of Work-Life Balance Instrument for Technical and Vocational Education Teachers“. Journal of Public Administration and Governance 12, Nr. 4S (19.12.2022): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v12i4s.20573.
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In terms of job scope and workload, being a Technical and Vocational Education (TVE) teacher is more challenging than other teachers. Therefore, this study aims to gain empirical data on the validity of the Work-Life Balance (WLB) Instrument for TVE teachers. An online survey was conducted in secondary schools in two federal territories of Malaysia which is Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya (N=210). Data was collected using the Tailored Design Method with five contacts. The overall response rate was 61.4% (n = 129). The instrument is a 5-Likert-scale survey consisted 14 items. Factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha were used to evaluate the WLB Instrument for TVE instructors' reliability and validity using the SPSS software version 26. The instrument's two factors, which together accounted for 68.2% of the total variance, were demonstrated by the results. For reliability, the first factor had a coefficient of .940 and the second factor had a coefficient of .397. The findings suggested a more in-depth study in determining the factors of the WLB specifically for TVE teachers.
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Neumann, André. „VORGES - A procedural Model for Total Ship System Engineering Develop by MTG MARINETECHNIK“. Ciencia y tecnología de buques 8, Nr. 15 (20.07.2014): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25043/19098642.99.
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Naval vessels are highly complex and sophisticated systems. The core issue concerning the planning of a future naval vessel is to identify operational needs, respective requirements and corresponding technical solutions, which are afordable in line with the budget. Due to the complexity of a naval vessel, it is impossible to answer thisquestion by assigning a specific amount of money to a specific requirement. To address this issue, MTG developed the procedural model for total ship system engineering – called VORGES (VOrgehensmodell GEsamtentwurf Schiff) – that starts in the very early planning phase, enabling the procuring authority to generate a referencedesign that balances functional and technical requirements with the available budget. VORGES is an iterative and flexible process of continuous evolution that additionally involves the customer and end-user. With respectto user requirements, VORGES includes the generation of several conceptual and preliminary designs at different detail levels. The resulting design alternatives will be evaluated and compared against each other for critical factorslike life cycle costs, project risks, military performance or requirements fulfilment. This will enable the procuring authority to make a comprehensive decision for the optimum design at the highest e#ciency level of budget expenditure, hence, resulting in the formulation of the technical requirements for procurement.
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Rasulov, A. O., A. B. Baychorov, A. M. Merzlyakova, A. I. Ovchinnikova und A. V. Semyanikhina. „Rectal Reconstruction after Total Mesorectumectomy: Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life“. Creative surgery and oncology 11, Nr. 3 (01.10.2021): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.24060/2076-3093-2021-11-3-195-202.
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Background. The study aims to compare the functional outcomes and quality of life in patients having variant rectal reconstruction procedures after low anterior resection for cancer.Materials and methods. A prospective randomised controlled trial enrolled 90 patients who underwent total mesorectumectomy with formation of J-pouch (J-P), side-to-end (STE) or end-to-end (ETE) anastomoses.Results and discussion. We analysed 22 J-P, 30 STE and 38 ETE patients. For technical reasons, 26.6 % J-Ps were remodelled to other anastomoses. The neorectal sensory threshold, first and permanent defecation urges and maximal tolerated volume were higher in J-P at months 3–6–12 postoperatively.Severe low anterior resection syndrome events at post-surgery month 6 were significantly more frequent in the ETE vs. J-P and STE cohorts (21, 0 and 3.3 %, respectively, p < 0.05). Stool frequency was significantly lower in J-P vs. STE and ETE at months 3–6–12. Wexner score was 3, 5, 6 at month 6 (p < 0.05) and 0, 1, 1 at month 12 for J-P, STE and ETE, respectively (p > 0.05). Evacuatory dysfunction was present at month 6 in 59.1 J-P, 33.3 STE and 21.1 % ETE.Quality of life (FIQL) in J-P and STE was significantly higher vs. ETE anastomoses in the Lifestyle (3.21, 3.22 and 3.03, respectively, p < 0.05) and Coping (3.29, 3.21 and 2.95, respectively, p < 0.05) scales to month 12 postoperatively.Conclusion. The J-pouch formation after low anterior resection ameliorates anal continence at months 3–6 post-surgery, reduces low anterior resection syndrome and improves quality of life (FIQL). The ease of implementation and irrelevance of evacuatory dysfunction in side-to-end anastomosis make it a superior choice over end-to-end surgery.
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Meher, Kishor, Abebe Asfawu, Maheswaran Muthuraman und Sanjay Kumar Satapathy. „Assessment of measurement and ranking of technical efficiencies of Ethiopian general insurers“. Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, Nr. 4 (17.12.2020): 334–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(4).2020.27.
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The non-life insurance companies indemnify the properties from the risk of being damaged due to unforeseen events like natural calamity or accidents. The probability of bankruptcy is imminent on account of large, unprecedented claims. As a risk saver of various society stakeholders, these insurers must be efficient while managing the insurance business. The present research thrusts upon to evaluate the efficiency and decomposition that would further direct the insurers towards achieving optimal scale. Thus, the captioned research aims to measure and rank the technical efficiency of the general insurance firms of Ethiopia and evaluate and analyze their relative efficiencies. The research adopts a quantitative approach and deploys descriptive analysis by a panel data of 17 Ethiopian general insurers for the period 2005-2016 on the input-output-oriented approach of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The data of general insurance are obtained using stratified sampling from the mix of life and general category. The inputs employed are total expenses, total liabilities, and shareholder’s fund, while net premiums earned and income from investments are used as outputs. The findings reveal that the public insurer is technically efficient by operating at an optimal scale as compared to all private insurers who, in turn, experience pure technical inefficiency to scale inefficiency due to poor management practices and erroneous utilization of input materials. Increasing Returns to Scale (IRS) witnessed a major form of scale inefficiency in 2016. Private insurers should increase capital and size of assets, cost efficiency, and improve key management skills. AcknowledgmentThe authors express their thanks of gratitude for the support extended by Ethiopia’s insurance companies’ officials to provide the hard copies of published annual reports up to 2016 as the secondary data are not available after that year’s analysis.
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Edwards, Thomas, Daniella Soussi, Shubnam Gupta, Sikandar Khan, Arjun Patel, Amogh Patil, David Badri, Alexander Liddle, Justin Cobb und Kartik Logishetty. „COLLABORATIVE TEAM TRAINING IN IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL REALITY IS SUPERIOR TO INDIVIDUAL LEARNING FOR PERFORMING TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL“. Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_11 (07.06.2023): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.11.040.
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Superior teamwork in the operating theatre is associated with improved technical performance and clinical outcomes. Yet modern rota patterns, workforce shortages, and increasing complexity of surgery, means that there is less familiarity between staff and the required choreography. Immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) can successfully train surgical staff individually, however iVR team training has yet to be investigated. We aimed to design a multiplayer iVR platform for anterior approach total hip arthroplasty (AA-THA) and assess if multiplayer iVR training was superior to single player training for acquisition of both technical and non-technical skills.An iVR platform with choreographed roles for the surgeon and scrub nurse was developed using Cognitive Task Analysis. Forty participants were randomised to individual or team iVR training. Individually- trained participants practiced alongside virtual avatar counterparts, whilst teams trained live in pairs. Both groups underwent five iVR training sessions over 6-weeks. Subsequently, they underwent a real-life assessment in which they performed AA-THA on a high-fidelity model with real equipment in a simulated theatre. Teams performed together and individually trained participants were randomly paired up. Videos were marked by two blinded assessors recording the NOTSS, NOTECHS II and SPLINTS scores - validated technical and non-technical scores assessing surgeon and scrub nurse skills. Secondary outcomes were procedure time and number of technical errors.Teams outperformed individually trained participants for non-technical skills in the real-world assessment (NOTSS 13.1 ± 1.5 vs 10.6 ± 1.6, p =0.002, NOTECHS-II score 51.7 ± 5.5 vs 42.3 ± 5.6, p=0.001 and SPLINTS 10 ± 1.2 vs 7.9 ± 1.6, p = 0.004). They completed the assessment 28.1% faster (27.2 minutes ± 5.5 vs 41.8 ±8.9, p<0.001), and made fewer than half the number of technical errors (10.4 ± 6.1 vs 22.6 ± 5.4, p<0.001).Multiplayer training leads to faster surgery with fewer technical errors and the development of superior non-technical skills for anterior approach total hip arthroplasty. The convention of surgeons and nurses training separately, but undertaking real complex surgery together, can be supplanted by team training, delivered through immersive virtual reality.
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Yu, Fangping, Hang Chen, Jiaqi Luo und Haibo Kuang. „Measuring Total Factor Productivity of China Provincial Non-Life Insurance Market: A DEA-Malmquist Index Method“. Scientific Programming 2021 (14.09.2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3022658.
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The unbalanced economic development results in the difference in operating efficiency of the non-life insurance industry in China’s provinces; based on the DEA-Malmquist index method, this paper investigates the provincial differences, dynamic change characteristics, and causes of non-life insurance productivity in 31 provinces of China from 2004 to 2017. The results show that in the sample period, there are significant differences between provinces and regions in China’s non-life insurance efficiency, which generally shows the echelon spatial characteristics of “strong in the west and weak in the east”. Technological progress in the western region promotes the rapid growth of total factor productivity, while the low efficiency of technological progress in the eastern region restrains the improvement of total factor productivity. The overall total factor productivity of China’s provincial non-life insurance industry is on the rise, mainly due to the improvement of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, while technological progress has an inhibiting effect on the contrary. These conclusions are of reference value for relevant stakeholders in China’s provincial non-life insurance market to formulate development strategies and business strategies.
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Nginya, Charles Kamunya, und Jedidah Muli. „Total Reward and Employee Performance in Technical Institutions, A Case of Kiambu Institute of Science and Technology, Kiambu County, Kenya“. International Journal of Business Management, Entrepreneurship and Innovation 4, Nr. 2 (25.06.2022): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/jbmed.v4i2.265.
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Employees are assets in any organization; the importance of an employee in institution is more significant because the industry is by nature manpower intensive. Most of the employee activity and behavior in the teaching sector involves direct contact with the students. Employee performance encompasses the activities related to a job and how well these activities are executed by employees. Every employee behavior or activity does not result in performance but their reactions to external environment. There is a need to ensure every employee is motivated and encouraged to get better performance. Accordingly, the project undertook to inquire on effects of total reward on employee’s performance in technical institutions in Kenya, focusing on the Kiambu Institute of Science and Technology situated in the County of Kiambu, Kenya. Specifically, the project’s focus was effects of financial rewards, non-financial incentives, work-life balance, and career development on employees’ performance in technical institutions. The study is grounded on five theoretical underpinnings: Expectancy theory, Two Factor Theory, Work-family Enrichment Theory, Social Cognitive Theory, and the Social Exchange Theory. Descriptive research design was used in the study to assert how total reward influences the performance of employees in technical institutions. Target population comprised 362 employees at Kiambu Institute of Science and Technology in Kiambu County, Kenya. The tool used for collection of data was pre-tested for validity and reliability through a pilot study on five respondents drawn from the sample. Purposive and stratified purposeful sampling was employed to select study samples. The researcher applied Yamane’s formula to generate the required sample size. Both closed and open-ended Questionnaires were used to elicit responses from the respondents. The research used SPSS computer software in undertaking analysis of the data. The research study found that total reward system had weak positive correlation with performance of employees (r=0,021, N= 155, p < 0.05). The study concludes that total rewards are essential for improved performance of employees as results of this project showed. These findings were important to the technical institutions in Kenya, if implemented could help in motivating the employees hence enhanced performance, the study suggest that studies to be done around work-life balance in rural and per-urban technical institutions.
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PUYATE, Dr S. T. „Manpower development through relevant technology education curriculum for sustainable poverty alleviation“. American Journal of Economics and Business Management 1, Nr. 1 (02.02.2018): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31150/ajebm.vol1.iss1.6.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the present curriculum being used to the development of technological manpower in our technical colleges is relevant, adequate in content, effective and enough to make the recipients self-employed for sustainable poverty alleviation. A total of 50 respondent comprising 20 technical teachers and 30 final year students from technical colleges formed the sample of the study. A set of questionnaire was used for data collection while the target population was all teachers and students. A total of three research questions were and simple percentage was used to analyze the data collected. The findings revealed that, the currently used curriculum in technical colleges is inadequate, not very relevant, no enough time for practical and cannot earn the products self-employment for sustainable poverty alleviation.
Keywords: education, sustainable development, curriculum, sustainable development, poverty alleviation, poorness, life standard
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Kostomakhin, Mikhail, Nikolay Kostomakhin, Yury Kataev, Nikolay Petrishchev und Mikhail Tseiko. „Proposals for reduction of the cost of ownership of agricultural machinery due to increase controllability and adaptability to diagnosis“. E3S Web of Conferences 402 (2023): 13003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340213003.
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It is known that machinery in agriculture is used to perform work in optimal agricultural terms under difficult conditions, which requires constant improvement of approaches to determining the technical condition. Technical service is the main and most effective measure that ensures the maintenance of machines in working condition during the life cycle. At the same time, in order to objectively determine the technical condition of the machine, it is necessary to obtain an appropriate amount of data reliably describing this condition. Obtaining such data in the required volume will reduce the total cost of ownership and preserve the consumer properties of machines throughout the life cycle. As a result of the carried out research within the framework of the scientific topic "To develop a system of digital monitoring and diagnostics of the technical condition of agricultural machinery", projects were proposed to improve the controllability and adaptability to diagnostics to improve consumer qualities during the life cycle. The draft proposals are based on an analysis of the failure criteria for the complexity group, the existing Standards and Technical Documentation, as well as the capabilities of equipment manufacturers to carry out measures to manage reliability during the warranty and post-warranty periods of the life cycle equipment. During the study, special attention was paid to the possibilities of conducting non-selective diagnostics of components and assemblies using Predictive Maintenance Systems (PdM) to preserve the consumer properties of equipment.
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Rodríguez Montes, J. A. „Conservative surgery of the spleen. Bases and technical options“. ANALES RANM 139, Nr. 139(02) (August 2022): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32440/ar.2022.139.02.rev06.
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Review of the literature regarding spleen surgery shows us that total splenectomy, regardless of the degree of splenic injury, has been established over the centuries in the treatment of choice, not only because of the lack of more conservative methods because it was not possible to identify some important function of the spleen. Although the spleen is not essential for life, its removal can cause lower resistance to systemic infections, and easier diffusion by hematic route of bacteria although their functions can be assumed by other lymphoid organs and bone marrow. Recognition of immune functions and the segmental structure of the spleen have been that have laid the bases of conservative surgery in spleen trauma, and the increased risk of infection has gone, in particular the post-splenectomy sepsis, who has promoted the design and application of different methods and operative techniques to avoid the total splenectomy, since the conservation of a portion of organ could be enough to prevent such a fearsone complication. In this article the fundamentals and technical options of conservative surgery in spleen trauma are exposed.
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S.A., Kravchenko, Starovoit A.G., Turkina O.V. und Chaplianko S.V. „The oven fund state analysis of the coke-chemical productions in Ukraine as on the date 01.01.2021.“ Journal of Coal Chemistry 3 (2022): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31081/1681-309x-2022-0-3-23-28.
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THE OVEN FUND STATE ANALYSIS OF THE COKE-CHEMICAL PRODUCTIONS IN UKRAINE AS ON THE DATE 01.01.2021 © S.A. Kravchenko, PhD in Technical Sciences (STATE ENTERPRISE "STATE INSTITUTE FOR DESIGNING ENTERPRISES OF COKE OVEN AND BY-PRODUCT PLANTS'' (SE "GIPROKOKS'')", 60 Sumska str., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine), A.G. Starovoit, Doctor of Technical Sciences (UKRAINIAN SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATION “UKRKOKS”), 1 Geroev Maidana sq., Dnipro, 49000, Ukraine), O.V. Turkina, S.V. Chaplianko, PhD in Technical Sciences (SE "GIPROKOKS") The oven fund state analysis has been carried out for coke batteries of eight coke-chemical enterprises and industries located in the controlled territory of Ukraine. As on the date 01.01.2021, the operating coke oven batteries number was about 83,3 % of the total. The average service life of operating batteries was 30 years, and only 33,3 % of operating batteries corresponded to standard service life by project - 20 years. Over the past 10 years, the operating batteries number has decreased by 5 units, and their average service life has increased by 4,4 years, which indicates a deterioration in the oven fund condition. Obtained data on batteries average service life indicate a significant risk of industrial accidents, as well as the need to inspect and assess technical condition of coke oven batteries with a service life more than 20 years with followed reconstruction or a new construction. The ratio of total capacity of operating coke oven batteries (16891 thousand tons/year) to capacity of batteries with a service life of up to 20 years (5100 thousand tons/year) indicates issue relevance of domestic cokechemical enterprises further ability to fully meet the demand of the Ukrainian market for coke. Taking into account the consequences of Russian Federation armed aggression against Ukraine which broke out on 24.02.2022, at present all coke-chemical plants in the country need a thorough inspection. The relevance and practical significance of such surveys also lies in the need to assess the losses caused to Ukrainian industry by armed aggression of the Russian Federation. However, such inspection can only be performed after appropriate access to the concrete industrial objects. The resumption of the coke production is the only way to refuse the import of coke. Key words: analysis, oven fund, coke battery, average service life, total capacity. Corresponding author: S.V. Chaplianko e-mail: chaplianko_sv@ukr.net
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García del Hoyo, Juan José, David Castilla Espino und Ramón Jiménez Toribio. „Determination of technical efficiency of fisheries by stochastic frontier models: a case on the Gulf of Cádiz (Spain)“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 61, Nr. 3 (01.01.2004): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.02.003.
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Abstract We give a broad review of a variety of econometric procedures to estimate technical efficiency and compare the results of several of them based on an application to the purse-seine fishery operating in the Gulf of Cádiz in 1998 and 1999. As these approaches provide different technical efficiency estimates, they might have different policy implications. Two conclusions are obtained: firstly, the higher the useful life of vessels is, the smaller the technical efficiency is; and secondly, the present total allowable catch regime based only on vessels larger than 12 m is unsuitable for this fishery.
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Shermukhamedov, Ulugbek, Mamura Sobirova, Nodir Azamov und Saida Ibrokhimova. „Analysis of technical and operational condition of urban reinforced concrete bridge structures“. E3S Web of Conferences 365 (2023): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336502015.
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The article analyzes the technical condition of urban reinforced concrete bridge structures. The authors studied the technical passports of all bridges and overpasses in Tashkent and made direct technical inspections of more than 10 bridge structures. As a result, most of the shortcomings and defects of the existing bridge structures in the city were revealed. In Tashkent, there is a significant number of reinforced concrete bridge structures, the service life of 60 to 100 years (24% of the total number), a significant part of which (42%) has been operated for many years without major repairs. A "four-level" approach is proposed, which contains four stages of analysis, and evaluates the technical condition of the operated reinforced concrete bridge structures.
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Wachowska, Małgorzata. „The contribution of Polish technical thought to the quality of life in developed countries“. Ekonomia 23, Nr. 4 (23.05.2018): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.23.4.11.
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The contribution of Polish technical thought to the quality of life in developed countriesDue to the fact that technological progress is an important factor influencing the quality of life, the purpose of the paper is to determine what is the contribution — measured by the number of inventions — of mobile Poles to increasing the quality of life of their host countries. The paper considers two fundamental questions: 1 how many inventions, including area of technology, Poles generate for the benefit of countries which they emigrate to and 2 what part of the inventive output of the host countries, including the area of technology, are inventions created by immigrants from Poland.The paper uses the method of quantitative and qualitative analysis of patent applications made in the years 2004–2012 within the frames of international procedure by residents from developed economies of Europe, the United States and Japan a total of 9 countries, which has made it possible to: 1 separate those applications in the case of which the creator of the technical solution is an immigrant from Poland and 2 determine the number of inventions created abroad by Poles for the benefit of their countries of destination.The study involves individuals exceptionally endowed with high human capital who have especially contributed to technological changes occurring in the world, i.e. creators of inventions filed for patent protection within the frames of international procedure — The Patent Cooperation Treaty — who at the time of making the applications lived in the developed countries covered by the study and came from Poland.The analysis of over 1700 PCT patent applications has made it possible to say that in the years 2004–2012: 1 Poles to the largest extent contributed to increasing the quality of life of Americans, for whom they created a total of 828 inventions, then Germans and Britons, whose inventive output they increased by 425 and 143 inventions, respectively, while their contribution to the improvement of the quality of life of the Japanese, Swedes or Finns was very small; 2 Poles to the largest extent contributed to increasing the quality of life of the inhabitants of developed countries by generating inventions in the following areas of technology: a chemistry; metallurgy and b human necessities. Starting from 2009, the creative activity of immigrants from Poland is less and less related to the improvement of the quality of life of the inhabitants of their economies of destination.
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Deng, Shu Ya, und Xian Zheng Gong. „Life Cycle Assessment of Nickel Production in China“. Materials Science Forum 913 (Februar 2018): 1004–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.913.1004.
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Nickel is widely used in stainless steel and other industries, while there are a lot of energy consumption and environmental pollution in the process of nickel production. Based on the technical framework of life cycle assessment and evaluation model of ReCiPe, the aim of this paper is to find out the environmental hotspot and make suggestions for improvement by researching the environment inpact of nickel production from the process of mining, beneficiation, smelting and transportation. The result shows that: Smelting is the most important environmental effect stage in which the environmental impact load accounts for 52.18% of total environmental impact, because a lot of electricity is consumed in electrolysis process, while the Fossil Depletion Potential (FDP) is the largest environmental impact type, accounting for 42.32% of total environmental impact, which is due to the consumption of a number of fossil energy in the mining and smelting process of nickel ore. It is necessary to use advanced mining technology and mine backfill technology to reduce the consumption of auxiliary materials, which is of great significance for reducing energy consumption and emission.
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Vadhera, Amar S., Lakshmanan Sivasundaram, Hasani W. Swindell, Suhas P. Dasari, Zeeshan A. Khan, Benjamin Kerzner, Nikhil N. Verma und Jorge Chahla. „Patellofemoral Arthroplasty: A Technical Note“. Video Journal of Sports Medicine 2, Nr. 2 (März 2022): 263502542210780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26350254221078013.
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Background: Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) is a salvage procedure for patients presenting with bone-on-bone isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Previous studies comparing PFA with total knee arthroplasties found that patients recover more quickly and have better average knee function following PFA, as care is taken to spare healthy cartilage, bone, and ligaments during the procedure. This allows preservation of native knee kinematics, resulting in better patient-reported outcomes, as well as mid-term and long-term results. Indication: PFA is indicated in patients with isolated primary or post-traumatic patellofemoral osteoarthritis. In some cases, the procedure may be indicated in patients suffering from patellar instability or trochlear dysplasia with associated arthritis. Contraindications for PFA include multicompartmental arthritis in the medial or lateral tibiofemoral compartments, inflammatory joint disease, tibiofemoral instability, malalignment, or lesions of 6 mm or more in diameter. Technique Description: After the initial lateral patellofemoral approach, degenerative changes in the patellofemoral joint were observed. Following preparation of the patella and femur, the trochlear implant is impacted on the prepared femoral surface. Cement is digitally impacted into the reamed patella, followed by placement of the final patellar implant and compression until the cement is dried. Results: Within 2 years postoperatively, patients are expected to have improved overall knee-specific quality of life, reduced pain, and a successful return to activities. Discussion/Conclusion: New PFA techniques have yielded significant improvement in patient-reported outcomes and high rates of survivorship following surgery.
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Vadhera, Amar S., Lakshmanan Sivasundaram, Hasani W. Swindell, Suhas P. Dasari, Zeeshan A. Khan, Benjamin Kerzner, Nikhil N. Verma und Jorge Chahla. „Patellofemoral Arthroplasty: A Technical Note“. Video Journal of Sports Medicine 2, Nr. 2 (März 2022): 263502542210780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26350254221078013.
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Background: Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) is a salvage procedure for patients presenting with bone-on-bone isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Previous studies comparing PFA with total knee arthroplasties found that patients recover more quickly and have better average knee function following PFA, as care is taken to spare healthy cartilage, bone, and ligaments during the procedure. This allows preservation of native knee kinematics, resulting in better patient-reported outcomes, as well as mid-term and long-term results. Indication: PFA is indicated in patients with isolated primary or post-traumatic patellofemoral osteoarthritis. In some cases, the procedure may be indicated in patients suffering from patellar instability or trochlear dysplasia with associated arthritis. Contraindications for PFA include multicompartmental arthritis in the medial or lateral tibiofemoral compartments, inflammatory joint disease, tibiofemoral instability, malalignment, or lesions of 6 mm or more in diameter. Technique Description: After the initial lateral patellofemoral approach, degenerative changes in the patellofemoral joint were observed. Following preparation of the patella and femur, the trochlear implant is impacted on the prepared femoral surface. Cement is digitally impacted into the reamed patella, followed by placement of the final patellar implant and compression until the cement is dried. Results: Within 2 years postoperatively, patients are expected to have improved overall knee-specific quality of life, reduced pain, and a successful return to activities. Discussion/Conclusion: New PFA techniques have yielded significant improvement in patient-reported outcomes and high rates of survivorship following surgery.
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AKKAR ERCAN, MUGE, CLAUS BECH-DANIELSEN, HASSAN ESTAJI, ROBERTO GOYCOOLEA-PRADO, BERNARD HAUMONT, BYRON IOANNOU, LORA NICOLAOU, PAZ NUÑEZ-MARTÍ und SANJIN SUBIC. „Improving the Quality of Life and Sustainability for Middle-Class Mass Housing“. Docomomo Journal, Nr. 68 (01.09.2023): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/docomomo.68.07.
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This article presents and discusses the results of the Stakeholder Workshop (Co) Designing for Quality of Life: Exploring Challenges and Opportunities, which was held at Middle East Technical University (METU) in Ankara in October 2022 in the framework of the COST Action CA18137 European Middle Class Mass Housing (MCMH-EU). The workshop aimed to discover the possibilities of participatory design as a tool to address the necessary updating of the housing complexes of the Modern Movement (MoMo). The workshop, which was conducted on a cooperative housing estate, namely Ümitköy Sitesi, Ankara, Türkiye (1970), was carried out in five groups with members of different nationalities, ages, and experiences. This article argues that the public and private strategies which were followed to rehabilitate these complexes by focusing on the technical problems (construction pathologies, energy inefficiency, accessibility, parking, among others) tend to neglect, even ignore, the diverse social aspects involved. As a group of participants of this workshop, the authors of this article consider the involvement of all parties (experts, residents, housing management cooperative, and municipality) in the improvement processes of such middle-class mass housing sites as the key instrument to make these neighborhoods more inclusive and sustainable. This article evaluates the Stakeholder Workshop’s co-design performance as an instrument to improve the Quality of life (QoL) and sustainability of the neighborhood. The critical analysis of the workshop results leads to several significant conclusions: Social aspirations do not always coincide with political and technical ones; technical rehabilitations are not sufficient for the total improvement of QoL and sustainability of communities; (Co-)Design may have to be approached from different perspectives and, consequently, have different results; citizens have a great potential to participate and contribute to the improvement of QoL with innovative ideas and actions of different scales. However, the socioeconomic diversity of the inhabitants and restrictive legislation are the difficulties to be considered.
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Tuffahati, Hulwah, Sepky Mardian und Edy Suprapto. „Pengukuran Efisiensi Asuransi Syariah Dengan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)“. JURNAL AKUNTANSI DAN KEUANGAN ISLAM 4, Nr. 1 (06.03.2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35836/jakis.v4i1.27.
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This research is aimed to measure the efficiency of Islamic Insurance Companies in Indonesia by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The sample used in this research are the Islamic Insurance Companies that publishes their full financial statements from the years 2012-2014. The variables in this study consists of two kinds of variables, namely input variables and output variables. The variable input is the total assets and the cost of commissions. While the variable output is the gross contribution and investment income. This study uses the intermediation approach with input orientation and use three types of measurements are the measurement of the efficiency of technical efficiency, pure technical and scale. The results of this study are in the groups of Islamic General Insurance Companies and Islamic Life Insurance Companies there are no company that achieve optimal efficiency levels in the three types of measurements.Whereas in the group Syariah General Insurance Unit are 2 companies optimally efficient in 3 measurements or by 28.57% of the total companies sampled in this group. And the group Syariah Life Insurance Unit are 4 companies optimally efficient in 3 measurements or 25% of total companies sampled in this group.
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Ilyas, Ashiq Mohd, und S. Rajasekaran. „Productivity of the Indian non-life insurance sector“. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 69, Nr. 4 (21.10.2019): 633–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-04-2019-0147.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the performance of the Indian non-life (general) insurance sector in terms of total factor productivity (TFP) over the period 2005–2016. Design/methodology/approach This study utilises Färe‒Primont index (FPI) to access the change in TFP and its components: technical change, technical efficiency and mix and scale efficiency over the observation period. Moreover, it employs the Mann–Whitney U-test to scrutinise the difference between the public and the private insurers in terms of growth in productivity. Findings The results reveal that the insurance sector possesses a very low level of TFP. Also, the results divulge an improvement of 11.98 per cent in TFP of the insurance sector at an annual average rate of 12.41 per cent over the observation period. The growth in productivity is mainly attributable to the improvement of 10.81 per cent in the scale‒mix efficiency. The progress in scale‒mix efficiency is mainly the result of improvements in residual scale and residual mix efficiency. The results also show that the privately owned insurers have experienced a high productivity growth rate than the state-owned insurers. Practical implications The results hold practical implications for the regulators, policymakers and decision makers of the Indian non-life insurance companies. Originality/value This study is the first of its kind to use FPI, which satisfies all economically relevant axioms and tests defined by the index number theory to comprehensively access the change in TFP of the Indian non-life insurance sector.
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Kulakov, Petr, Aleksey Rubtsov, Vitaly Afanasenko und Veronica Gracheva. „Technical condition parameters affecting the period of safe operation of technological pipelines“. MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 02090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822402090.
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The task is to estimate the period of technological pipelines safe operation depending on the total influence of oil refining equipment technical parameters. 9 feature properties of technological pipelines were singled out, and the estimation was made with the help of such indicator as the residual life of pipelines. The authors constructed a mathematical model, calculated the diagnostic coefficients and informative character of the characteristic for each period accepted by the expert. A mechanism for estimating the safe operational lifetime of pipeline systems is proposed. Conclusions were drawn about the advisability of applying the proposed method for solving this class of problems.
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Sobaszek, Łukasz, Izabela Piasecka, Józef Flizikowski, Andrzej Tomporowski, Edgar Sokolovskij und Patrycja Bałdowska-Witos. „Environmentally Oriented Analysis of Benefits and Expenditures in the Life Cycle of a Wind Power Plant“. Materials 16, Nr. 2 (05.01.2023): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020538.
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The motivation for this study was the need to extend and supplement the previously conducted research on technical objects in the renewable energy sector with analyses of the environmental impact of the production, operation and post-operational development stages of the wind power plant. The main purpose of the work was to investigate, analyze and assess the ecological effects of a real facility, which is a 2 MW Vestas V90/105 m wind farm, throughout its life cycle. The life cycle assessment analysis of the 2 MW wind power plant was performed using Impact 2002+ modeling. The results are presented for all impact levels and categories. The production stage was characterized by the highest total level of harmful effect. The use of recycling reduces the negative impacts of the life cycle by 6.5%. The investigated technical facility has the greatest negative impact during the production stage, especially in the area of depletion of fossil resources and human health.
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Astakhov, Viktor P., und Stanislav V. Shvets. „Technical Resource of the Cutting Wedge is the Foundation of the Machining Regime Determination“. International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 10, Nr. 2 (April 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2020040101.
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This article argues that cutting tool wear is not just a particular case of wear found in general machinery because the whole amount of energy required for cutting is transmitted through relatively small tool-chip and tool-workpiece interfaces causing extremely high contact temperatures and pressures. This article discusses a considerably different approach to the determination of the cutting speed based upon the energy passing through the cutting wedge. Moreover, it discusses that, for a given tool material/geometry, there is a limited amount of such energy that the cutting wedge can sustain before reaching the criterion of tool life. This limit is considered as the technical resource of the cutting tool. The article establishes and verifies the existence of the detect correlation between the works done in the cutting system and in tool wear. Based on this finding, the equations to calculate the cutting speed for a chosen tool life and/or the tool life for a chosen cutting speed are proposed. The concept of the technical resource of the cutting wedge is introduced as the total amount of work done before it fails.
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Bacinello, Anna Rita. „Fair Pricing of Life Insurance Participating Policies with a Minimum Interest Rate Guaranteed“. ASTIN Bulletin 31, Nr. 2 (November 2001): 275–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.31.2.1006.
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AbstractIn this paper we analyse, in a contingent-claims framework, one of the most common life insurance policies sold in Italy during the last two decades. The policy, of the endowment type, is initially priced as a standard one, given a mortality table and a technical interest rate. Subsequently, at the end of each policy year, the insurance company grants a bonus, which is credited to the mathematical reserve and depends on the performance of a special investment portfolio. More precisely, this bonus is determined in such a way that the total interest rate credited to the insured equals a given percentage (participation level) of the annual return on the reference portfolio and anyway does not fall below the technical rate (minimum interest rate guaranteed, henceforth). Moreover, if the contract is paid by periodical premiums, it is usually stated that the annual premium is adjusted at the same rate of the bonus, and thus the benefit is also adjusted in the same measure. In such policy the variables controlled by the insurance company (control-variables, henceforth) are the technical rate, the participation level and, in some sense, the riskiness of the reference portfolio measured by its volatility. However, as it is intuitive, not all sets of values for these variables give rise to a fair contract, i.e. to a contract priced consistently with the usual assumptions on financial markets and, in particular, with no-arbitrage. We derive then necessary and sufficient conditions under which each control-variable is determined by a fair pricing of the contract, given the remaining two ones.
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Ottersböck, Markus J., Martin Leitner, Michael Stoschka und Wilhelm Maurer. „Crack Initiation and Propagation Fatigue Life of Ultra High-Strength Steel Butt Joints“. Applied Sciences 9, Nr. 21 (29.10.2019): 4590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214590.
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The division of the total fatigue life into different stages such as crack initiation and propagation is an important issue in regard to an improved fatigue assessment especially for high-strength welded joints. The transition between these stages is fluent, whereas the threshold between the two phases is referred to as technical crack initiation. This work presents a procedure to track crack initiation and propagation during fatigue tests of ultra high-strength steel welded joints. The method utilizes digital image correlation to calculate a distortion field of the specimens’ surface enabling the identification and measurement of cracks along the weld toe arising during the fatigue test. Hence, technical crack initiation of each specimen can be derived. An evaluation for ten ultra high-strength steel butt joints reveals, that for this superior strength steel grade more than 50% of fatigue life is spent up to a crack depth of 0.5 mm, which can be defined as initial crack. Furthermore, a notch-stress based fatigue assessment of these specimens considering the actual weld topography and crack initiation and propagation phase is performed. The results point out that two phase models considering both phases enable an increased accuracy of service life assessment.
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Musoke, Edward, Bruno Lule Yawe und John Ddumba Ssentamu. „The total factor productivity growth of health systems in African least developed countries“. F1000Research 12 (29.08.2023): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.135418.1.
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Background: Given the several health policy reforms in various countries in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) era, the need for efficient and productive health systems has become of great concern. This is even more urgent in African Least Developed Countries (African LDCs) that need to improve the health of their populations. Thus, the objective of this study is to assess the total factor productivity growth of health systems of 29 African Least Developed Countries for the 2008-2018 period. Methods: The study uses data from the World Bank and the World Health Organization. Using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Malmquist index, the inputs that were used in the study included domestic general government health expenditure, domestic private health expenditure, external health expenditure and out of pocket health expenditure while the outputs were life expectancy at birth, maternal mortality rate, under five mortality rate, and infant mortality rate. Results: Sixteen African LDCs registered progress in the total factor productivity growth of their health systems while thirteen registered a decline the total factor productivity growth of their health systems. Overall, there was 0.3% average increase in total factor productivity growth of health systems in African LDCs. This was attributed to a 1.2% increase in technical efficiency change and a 0.9% average decrease in the technical change of health systems in African LDCs. Conclusions: African LDCs with less productive health systems are advised to bench mark the policies of African LDCs with productive health systems.
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Flint, Alastair J., und Nadine Gagnon. „Effective Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Late-Life Depression“. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 47, Nr. 8 (Oktober 2002): 734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370204700804.
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Objective: To review literature pertaining to the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in treating late-life depression. Method: We undertook a literature review with an emphasis on research studies published in the last 10 years. Results: There is a positive association between advancing age and ECT efficacy. Age per se does not necessarily increase the risk of cognitive side effects from ECT, but this risk is increased by age-associated neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's dementia and cerebrovascular disease. With appropriate evaluation and monitoring, ECT can be used safely in patients of very advanced age and in those with serious medical conditions. Several technical factors, including dose of electricity relative to a patient's seizure threshold, position of electrodes, frequency of administration, and total number of treatments, have an impact on the efficacy and cognitive side effects of ECT and need to be taken into account when administering ECT. Naturalistic studies have found that 50% or more of patients have a relapse of depression within 6 to 12 months of discontinuing acute ECT. Conclusions: In recent years, there has been substantial progress in our understanding of the effect of technical factors on the efficacy and cognitive side effects of ECT. When administered in an optimal manner, ECT is a safe, well-tolerated, and effective treatment in older patients. Relapse of depression after response to ECT remains a significant problem, and there is a need for further research into the prediction and prevention of post-ECT relapse.
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Zvyagina, Marina A., und Vasily F. Lapshin. „Analysis of the technical condition of innovative freight rail cars“. Innotrans, Nr. 1 (2023): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2311-164x-2023-1-64-68.
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As part of the work, the technical condition of innovative gondola rail cars built in 2015-2021 was analyzed in comparison with gondola rail cars on trolleys with the axial load of 23.5 t/axle. When evaluating the railway car efficiency, the number of railway car uncouplings in the current and planned types of repairs during the overhaul period was taken as a basis. It is shown that a significant proportion of gondola rail cars uncouplings in the current repair is due to damage. In total, the damage rate of innovative railcars is 42% higher than for standard railcars. Based on the analysis, the conclusion is made about imperfection of the current system of accounting for the operational work of railcars. The existing simplified accounting system for mileage and service life does not allow to identify the cause-and-effect relationship of occurrence of malfunctions.
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Ferre, Xavier, Elena Villalba-Mora, Maria-Angeles Caballero-Mora, Alberto Sanchez, Williams Aguilera, Nuria Garcia-Grossocordon, Laura Nuñez-Jimenez, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Qin Liu und Francisco del Pozo-Guerrero. „Gait Speed Measurement for Elderly Patients with Risk of Frailty“. Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1310345.
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The ageing of the population poses a threat to both public and private health and social systems. In the last 50 years, life expectancy has increased by an average of 20 years, and by the year 2050, life expectancy will exceed 90 years of age. However, quality of life in the last years of life is not guaranteed due to conditions such as functional decline and frailty, ultimately progressing to disability. Thus, the detection of such a condition in time is of utmost importance. This paper presents an ultrasonic sensor-based gait speed measurement device controlled via a mobile interface, which permits patients to self-assess physical performance. The system was developed and validated in an iterative process involving a total of 28 subjects (21 in the first round and 7 in the second one). After first evaluation at Hospital Universitario de Getafe, some technical problems arose whereas usability testing was well evaluated. The second version addressing the identified issues was technically validated at university premises with good and promising results. Future work envisages deployment of the system developed at subjects’ homes to be remotely and unobtrusively monitored.
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Edwards, T., S. Gupta, D. Soussi, A. Patel, S. Khan, A. Liddle, J. Cobb und K. Logishetty. „SURGICAL TEAMS WHO TRAIN TOGETHER IN VIRTUAL REALITY OUTPERFORM THOSE WHO TRAIN INDIVIDUALLY: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL FOR LEARNING ANTERIOR APPROACH TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY“. Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_8 (11.04.2023): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.8.013.
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Current evidence suggests that superior surgical team performance is linked to fewer intra-operative errors, reductions in mortality and even improved patient outcomes. Virtual reality has demonstrated excellent efficacy in training surgeons and scrub nurses individually, however its impact on training teams is currently unknown. This study aimed to assess if training together (scrub nurse and surgeon) in an innovative multiplayer virtual reality program was superior to single player training for novices learning anterior approach total hip arthroplasty (AA-THA).40 participants (20 novice surgeons (CT1-ST3 level) and 20 novice scrub nurses) were enrolled in this study and randomised to individual or team virtual reality training. Individually-trained participants played with virtual avatar counterparts, whilst teams trained live in pairs (surgeon and scrub nurse). Both groups underwent 5 VR training sessions over 6 weeks. Subsequently, they underwent a real-life assessment in which they performed AA-THA on a high-fidelity model with real equipment in a simulated operating theatre. Teams performed together and individually-trained participants were randomly paired up with a solo player of the opposite role. Videos of the assessment were marked by two blinded expert assessors. The primary outcome was team performance as graded by the validated NOTECHs II score. Secondary outcomes were procedure time and number of technical errors from an expert pre-defined protocol.Teams outperformed individually-trained participants for non-technical skills in the real-world assessment (NOTECHS-II score 50.3 ± 6.04 vs 43.90 ± 5.90, p=0.0275). They completed the assessment 28.1% faster (31.22 minutes ±2.02 vs 43.43 ±2.71, p=0.01), and made close to half the number of technical errors when compared to the individual group (12.9 ± 8.3 vs 25.6 ± 6.1, p=0.001).Multiplayer, team training appears to lead to faster surgery with fewer technical errors and the development of superior non-technical skills.
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Nie, Jamin, und Shanli Ye. „Analysis of Corporate Governance Efficiency Differences in Different Life Cycles“. Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 5, Nr. 3 (11.10.2022): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v5i3.1902.
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In order to provide reference for quantifying and improving corporate governance efficiency, the DEA model was used to measure the input and output efficiency of a total of 776 listed companies in A-share market from 2012 to 2020. Then a comparative analysis of the governance efficiency at different corporate life stages was made from static and dynamic perspectives, and a regression analysis was conducted on factors influencing corporate governance efficiency via the Tobit model. The results are as follows: (1) A discrepancy can be found in main contribution sources of corporate governance efficiency in different stages as scale investment contributes to much of the governance efficiency of growing and declining enterprises while technical advancement features prominently in that of mature enterprises; (2) the total factor productivity of corporate governance increases progressively from the growing stage to the mature phase and then to the declining period, and the younger a company, the weaker its governance capacity; (3) the significance of factors influencing governance efficiency differs in different periods. This paper analyzes corporate governance in terms of the life cycle and deepens relevant research content.
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Heller, Hadas, Ilan Beitlitum, Tomer Goldberger, Alona Emodi-Perlman und Shifra Levartovsky. „Outcomes and Complications of 33 Soft-Milled Cobalt-Chromium-Ceramic Full-Arch Screw-Retained Implant-Supported Prostheses: A Retrospective Study with up to 10-Year Follow-up“. Journal of Functional Biomaterials 14, Nr. 3 (16.03.2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb14030157.
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This retrospective study assessed outcomes and complications related to implants and prostheses in edentulous patients treated with soft-milled cobalt-chromium-ceramic full-arch screw-retained implant-supported prostheses (SCCSIPs). After the final prosthesis was delivered, patients participated in an annual dental check-up program, including clinical and radiographic assessments. Outcomes of implants and prostheses were evaluated, and biological and technical complications were categorized as major or minor. Implant and prosthesis cumulative survival rates were assessed using the life table analysis. A total of twenty-five participants (mean age 63.6 ± 7.3 years) with 33 SCCSIPs were observed for a mean of 68.9 ± 27.9 months (range 1–10 years). A total of 7 out of 245 implants were lost, with no effect on prosthesis survival, leading to cumulative survival rates of 97.1% for implants and 100% for prostheses. The most recurrent minor and major biological complications were soft tissue recession (9%) and late implant failure (2.8%). Among 25 technical complications, porcelain fracture was the only major technical complication, requiring prosthesis removal (1%). Porcelain chipping was the most frequent minor technical complication, affecting 21 crowns (5.4%), which required polishing only. At the end of the follow-up, 69.7% of the prostheses were free of technical complications. Within the limitations of this study, SCCSIP showed promising clinical performance after 1–10 years.
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Pratico, Filippo Giammaria, und Marinella Giunta. „LCC-Based Appraisal of Ballasted and Slab Tracks: Limits and Potential“. Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 13, Nr. 4 (21.12.2018): 475–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2018-13.429.
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The increase in train speed and axle load is an important goal to achieve in the future. From a technical standpoint, ballastless tracks seem to be suitable to the aim, especially when high-speed passenger trains share the track with freight trains. Based on the above, the primary objective of this study is the comparison between ballasted and slab tracks regarding total costs over the life course. A suitable model to evaluate the total costs of competing solutions is set up. A solution for solving the issue of CO2 price fluctuation and for the quantification of External Costs is also formulated. Life Cycle Costs are estimated based on agency, environmental and present user values. Analyses and results show that when Life Cycle Costing-based approaches are applied: i) Agency Costs have to be considered in the long-term perspective; ii) expected life has an appreciable impact and several solutions and systems, more affordable in the short term, yield unfavourable maintenance and renewal processes; iii) if total costs are considered over track life, the breakeven point is very far from the construction. Furthermore, the differences between the total Present Values of the two solutions become too small to yield sound conclusions in favour of the ballasted vs. the ballastless solution.
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Li, Zhen, Wei Wei Wang und Hong Ming Sun. „Life Cycle Assessment of the District Heating Distribution System in China — Network Construction“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (Dezember 2012): 2662–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.2662.
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In China, the environmental impact from the construction of the distribution system is seldom discussed. In this study, the environmental impact from construction of district pipes is considered. The purpose is to identify environmental significant parts in the construction of district pipes and to use the results in the actual projects including once more parts of the district distribution system have been investigated with LCA methodology.(Methods) Construction of district pipe networks according to the technical specification was studied. The total consumption of energy and materials was calculated based on budget norm for projects. The functional unit used in the study is construction of 100 metres of pipe system. The studied pipes are: pipe of the dimension DN100, DN200 (Seamless steel tubes) and DN500 (spirally welded steel tubes) .Urban environment surroundings were studied. A short description of the inventory, some inventory results and a life cycle impact assessment are presented. Based on the concept of the End-point damage weighting method, the total environment load is given.
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Shetty, Ankitha, und Savitha Basri. „Assessing the Technical Efficiency of Traditional and Corporate Agents in Indian Life Insurance Industry: Slack-based Data Envelopment Analysis Approach“. Global Business Review 21, Nr. 2 (04.01.2018): 490–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917749722.
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The distribution channels play an imperative role in the life insurance industry. In India, traditional and corporate agency are contributing immensely to the profitability of the insurance companies. The challenges faced by the distributional channels such as high attrition, soaring expense ratio and sales inefficiency have created the need to probe into the efficiency aspects of the channel players. In the absence of such studies in India, this article evaluates the technical efficiency of distribution channels in life insurance industry by analysing the data collected from 12 insurance companies for the period 2012 to 2016. The efficiency scores were obtained by applying data envelopment analysis that considered two inputs (number of agents and commission expenses) and two outputs (average business premium and total policies sold). The findings reveal no significant difference in the efficiency scores of bancassurance and traditional agents. Quiet life hypothesis that market share (ratio of premium contribution to total premium) of distributional channels and their efficiency scores are negatively correlated is not supported. Moreover, the slack analysis shows excess inputs per output generated for both the channels. If the companies that scored low in efficiency do not plug the leakages regarding commission as well a number of agents, adverse performance in the long-term and consequent financial crisis are inevitable.
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Bellstädt, Lina, Hans-Jakob Steiger, Sevgi Sarikaya-Seiwert und Thomas Beez. „Headache and Shunt-Related Impact on Activities of Daily Life in Patients Growing Up with a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt“. Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A: Central European Neurosurgery 79, Nr. 03 (29.09.2017): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606852.
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Background/Aims Ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS) are a mainstay of treatment for hydrocephalus. Morbidity related to infection and dysfunction is well known, whereas data on psychosocial outcome and quality of life are scarce. Our aim was to assess headache burden and shunt-related impact on daily life in children growing up with a VPS. Methods Patients between 3 and 21 years of age were identified and their families were contacted. A set of standardized questionnaires was used to assess headache and quality of life. Results Fifteen patients with a mean age of 12 years agreed to participate in this study. Satisfaction with the VPS and improvement of the patient's condition was reported by 87%. A total of 67% denied negative impact on everyday life, reported a headache less than once a month, and never or rarely miss school. However, 53% take precautions before special activities. Conclusions The results demonstrate that modern VPS systems are tolerated very well and do not per se reduce quality of life. However, patients adapt to the presence of a VPS by avoiding risks and taking precautions. Chronic headache is not a major problem and not necessarily attributed to the VPS. Nevertheless, most patients asked for technical improvements, which might guide future research and the technical development of VPS.
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Ma, Qv Li, Zong Ren Xie und Jian Wei Lv. „Improving Life Cycle Quality of Navy Vessel through Integrated Management Approach“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 2849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.2849.
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The life cycle management of navy vessels quality is presented, and the quality of various phases in the navy vessels life cycle is academically described. On the management of phase quality, taking shipbuilding as an example, the definition of the phase quality is provided, requirements of comprehensive quality management are discussed, which include the total-staff participation, the whole process of management, comprehensive approach and concept of quality. On the integrated quality management of the navy vessels life cycle, the mode that staffs participating in the various stages of life cycle, and integrated requirements of ship design, modeling & simulation environment are proposed. Technical support and realization of the quality management of navy vessels life cycle are presented, which has laid the foundation for the realization of the quality management of navy vessel.
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Han, Seung Ho, Jeong Woo Han, Byung Chun Shin, Sung Kyu Kwak und Jou Sik Kim. „Application of Notch Strain Approach to Evaluate Fatigue Life of Construction Equipment“. Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.387.
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The technical development of construction equipment such as wheel loader leads to an increase of not only amount of workload per hour, but also magnitude of allowable stress range. Since welded structures of the wheel loader occupy approximately 40-60% of its total weight and are subjected to incessant fatigue loads, fatal fatigue failures occur occasionally around the welded zone during its practical operation in the field. To reasonably evaluate the fatigue life, the effect of these geometries and welding residual stress on the fatigue life should be taken into account. In this paper, the modified notch strain approach developed previously by the authors is applied practically to assess the fatigue life of welded joints in boom and front frame structures of the wheel loader.