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MARCHALLECK, NICHOLAS, und ABRAHAM KANDEL. „FUZZY LOGIC APPLICATIONS IN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS“. International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 04, Nr. 03 (September 1995): 413–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213095000206.
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The purpose of this paper is to provide a survey of state of the art fuzzy logic applications in the field of transportation, illustrating the usefulness, and the promising future of the fuzzy approach. The majority of the discussion covers the area of fuzzy control. A wide range of Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs) is discussed, ranging from traffic, to aircraft controllers. Although the majority of applications are to surface transportation, surveys of several aerospace applications are also given.
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Shavyraa, Ch D. „RESULTS OF PASSENGER RESOURCES EXAMINATIONS IN KYZYL CITY OF THE TYVA REPUBLIC“. Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 15, Nr. 5 (11.11.2018): 718–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2018-5-718-724.
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Introduction.The paper considers the results of surveys taking into account the efficiency increase of passenger traffic in a small town. The need to regulate the work of carriers of various ownership forms, taking into account the characteristics of urban routes, determines the relevance of the research in this area. Therefore, the purpose of the survey is to clarify the total size of the movement of the zones and the city as a whole for the further projects’ development of the road network planning and for the passenger traffic development.Materials and methods.The paper considers alternatives to passenger surveys, i.e. application of the most optimal variants of the transportation plan. The characteristics of the route and load on the routes of Kyzyl are also illustrated. The author uses the methodology of surveying the population transport needs in a small town, in particular, the counting of passengers.Results.As a result, the author conducts the survey of passenger traffic, taking into account the city specific. The characteristics of the route and the load on the routes of Kyzyl are studied. It is important to use the methodology of the transport needs and transport services for population in a small town.Discussion and conclusions. On the basis of the conducted surveys of passenger traffic, the average hourly volume of transportation on routes is revealed and the unevenness of traffic volume is calculated.
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Gosling, Geoffrey D. „Airport Ground Access and Intermodal Interface“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1600, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1600-02.
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The airport ground transportation system is receiving increasing attention from airport authorities and regional transportation planning agencies. The need to plan for facilities at the airport and concern about the impact of traffic on streets and highways surrounding the airport, and about emissions generated by this traffic are forcing airports to consider strategies to reduce or mitigate ground access traffic. The 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act has caused transportation agencies at all levels to address the integration of different transportation modes, including coordination between the air and surface components of the transportation system. The range of ground access planning issues is reviewed, and three alternative strategies to improve intermodal connections at airports are discussed: new or upgraded rail links, off-airport terminals, and ground transportation centers at the airport. The planning and design issues that arise with each type of facility are addressed, as well as the analytical tools and data needed to evaluate the wide range of airport ground access projects and to plan the implementation of those selected. These include air passenger and truck surveys, development of operational data on the ground access system, and use of access mode choice and traffic flow models. Research needs in the area of airport ground access are also discussed.
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Herman, Lloyd A., Michael A. Finney, Craig M. Clum und E. W. Pinckney. „Perception of Traffic Noise Barrier Effectiveness: Public Opinion Survey of Residents Living near I-71“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1601, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1601-08.
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The completion of the largest Ohio Department of Transportation traffic noise abatement project in 1995 was met with public controversy over the effectiveness of the noise barriers. A public opinion survey was designed to obtain the perceptions of the residents in the project area. In a departure from most surveys of traffic noise barrier effectiveness, the coverage was not limited to the first or second row of houses, but was extended to 800 m on each side of the roadway. It was found that the larger survey area was needed to avoid misleading conclusions. Overall perceptions of noise barrier effectiveness were found to vary with distance from the roadway and with noise barrier configuration.
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Lenz, Barbara. „Will Electronic Commerce Help to Reduce Traffic in Agglomeration Areas?“ Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1858, Nr. 1 (Januar 2003): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1858-06.
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Assumptions that have been made about the impact of electronic shopping, like teleshopping and electronic commerce (e-commerce), on physical transportation have largely forecast considerable substitution effects. However, empirical evidence has been missing. To fill this gap, research was carried out in the Stuttgart region in southwest Germany to assess potential traffic substitution on the regional level in a midterm perspective of 10 years. The assessment is based on a model that deduces the traffic substitution potential from the behavior of the consumer who chooses alternatively physical or virtual shopping places depending on the commodity he or she needs or wants. The commodity not only is crucial for the choice of the shopping place and the frequency of purchases, but it is also important for the choice of the means of transportation or alternative shopping via Internet. The model that underlies this research comprises four steps. First, surveys are compiled on shopping behavior and transportation behavior for shopping purposes. The second step provides the deduction of groups with similar behavior regarding travel, affinity for e-commerce, and shopping. This leads to hypotheses about e-commerce potential within the research area and allows the assessment of substitution effects by comparing the status quo with the scenario constructed by the empirical data. Regarding the impact of e-commerce on transportation, the results promise only slight reductions of clearly less than 10% of total shopping transportation caused by consumers.
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Mohammed, Ali A. „By Using Model Shift and Improving The Walking Facilities: A Case Study In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia“. International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 3, Nr. 4 (01.12.2014): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v3.i4.pp184-195.
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The recent increase in privately owned vehicles has caused numerous problems: traffic congestions, unnecessary fuel lost and global warming are only few of these problems. This study will try to understand people’s behavior and modal choice and try to sway them to means of public transportation. A survey of mode choice between cars users in a neighborhood in Kuala Lumpur was conducted. A total of 25 surveys were collected over the course of a month. Among data collected were demographic details such as age, gender, educational level and travel behavior. The data was processed by SPSS software to determine which factors encourages and discourages using private, public transportation or walking. The study highlighted four models travel time reduction, travel cost reduction, and increase the parking charges and improves the walking facility. The sensitivity analysis results show that the main attraction that might switch private car users is travel time and improving the walking facility. The consequences of these would be less traffic on the roads contributing to less pollution and greater safety.
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Tung, Tran Minh. „Sustainabilization of Hanoi mobility approached from new residential areas: Will it be a city without motorbike?“ Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 13, Nr. 1 (31.01.2019): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2019-13(1)-09.
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Due to the policy of the Doi moi in Vietnam started in 1986, Hanoi has undergone many important changes. Currently, Hanoi's traffic is characterized by seemingly continuous motorcycle flows - a representative of high personal mobility in the context of rising incomes. Congestion, dust, pollution, insecurity, overload, etc., they are important keywords to describe Hanoi's urban traffic. Hanoi has put in place a number of policies to improve the transportation system. In 2017, in Hanoi's new mobility improvement project, there is a regulation on motorcycles: “The municipality will zone by limiting the activities of motorcycles according to the infrastructure and the service capacity of the public transportation system to stop motorcycle activities in the central districts in 2030” that becomes controversial. This article, based on the results of surveys assessing the level of satisfaction and desires of people about traffic at the KDTMs of Hanoi, analyzes the differences between the wishes of the municipality and the practices of Hanoi, through habits, modes of mobility of KDTM residents - the new residential areas of Hanoi that bring a different atmosphere of habitat compared to existing neighborhoods, by changing the mode of (re)making of the city. How will the traffic of KDTM residents be affected by this decision as well as how KDTMs will participate in the sustainable transportation of Hanoi?. It is the KDTMs with their “novelties” that will have to become pioneers creating opportunities of the changing of Hanoi traffic.
Keywords: Hanoi; sustainable mobility; efficient transportation; motorcycle; KDTM (new residential area).
Received 08 December 2018, Revised 30 January 2019, Accepted 30 January 2019
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Buchanan, Patricia M., David W. Mokarem, Richard E. Weyers und Michael M. Sprinkel. „Shrinkage of Latex-Modified and Microsilica Concrete Overlays“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1834, Nr. 1 (Januar 2003): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1834-05.
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Shrinkage performance was examined of Virginia Department of Transportation-approved latex-modified and microsilica concrete overlay mixtures. Research was conducted on both field-sampled and laboratory-fabricated restrained and unrestrained specimens. From crack and delamination surveys of sampled bridge decks and laboratory test results, a shrinkage performance-based specification for the Virginia Department of Transportation was developed. There was no significant difference between the unrestrained shrinkage values of latex-modified and microsilica concrete overlay mixtures for the specified time periods. Restrained microsilica concrete specimens generally cracked earlier and more frequently than restrained latex-modified concrete specimens. However, the bridge deck crack and delamination surveys show that conditions and quality of construction and type and frequency of traffic may have a greater effect on cracking than the overlay material.
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Hobeika, Antoine, R. Sivanandan, Karen M. Jehanian und Mary D. Ameen. „Advanced Traveler Information System Users' Needs in I-95 Northeast Corridor“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1537, Nr. 1 (Januar 1996): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153700108.
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The I-95 Corridor Coalition, comprising 28 transportation agencies and state and local departments of transportation and supported by a number of federal and quasipublic organizations, has embarked on an aggressive program to study and implement intelligent transportation system services along this priority corridor from Maine to Virginia. A key element to the success of this effort is that the travel information needs and desires of the I-95 travelers be satisfied. A comprehensive multimodal study was initiated by the I-95 Corridor Coalition to assess the advanced traveler information system needs of I-95 corridor users and to determine the market potential for such information. The stakeholders include user groups, providers, and producers. The target groups include local and long-distance (business and recreation) automobile travelers, transit users, intercity air travelers, and intercity rail travelers. The provider groups include state, regional, and local transportation agencies, whereas the producer groups include telecommunications companies, automobile manufacturers, and traveler information service providers. Several survey mechanisms were used to assess the user and provider information needs and will be used to assess the market potential. These include focus groups, telephone surveys, on-site surveys, and individual interviews. Thus far in the study users have ranked roadway safety, personal security, and traffic information high in importance. Users have also indicated a willingness to pay for multimodal traveler information services both for their pretrip planning and while en route.
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Yuan, Li, und Jian Lu. „Safety Evaluation and Improvements for Highway Intersections“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2060, Nr. 1 (Januar 2008): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2060-06.
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Intersection safety is one of the most important issues in transportation. Traffic crash analysis—the most popular method to evaluate or assess the safety performance of an intersection—has been used for a long time. However, it is based on a lot of crash data, which need to be accumulated over a long period. In addition, traffic crashes sometimes occur randomly as a result of human driving behavior. Therefore, without sufficient data and crash history, traffic crash analysis may not give an overall evaluation of an intersection's safety performance. This paper introduces an approach to evaluating highway intersection safety performance. It is fully based on the existing conditions of the intersection, including geometrics, sight distance, pavement surface conditions, traffic control devices, traffic signal timing, and phasing. The non-accident-based approach is based on field surveys under the conditions mentioned previously. The approach will also result in a safety index to indicate the safety performance of the intersection. Corresponding countermeasures are ranked and recommended based on cost–benefit analysis. This paper is based on research results from part of a project (entitled Safety Design of Highway Intersections) sponsored by the China Department of Transportation. In this paper, the approach (called a diagnostic approach) is practically applied to evaluate the safety performance of some intersections in Shan Dong Province. Results from the real application indicate that the approach has good applicability and can be used by field safety engineers in real applications.
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Burdyk, Olena. „METHODICAL ASPECTS OF CIVIL PASSENGER TRAFFIC COSTING“. Three Seas Economic Journal 1, Nr. 4 (28.12.2020): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2020-4-5.
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Costing is defined as a means of determining the size of the expenditures per unit of production (works, services). The opinions of the scientists on the procedure of costing and, in particular, of the services of motor transport enterprises engaged in civil passenger traffic are reported. The normative documents used by motor transport enterprises while drawing up transportation costing and tariff imposing are considered. The estimation of expenses is carried out and the scheme of tariff formation by the motor transport enterprise is developed. It is determined that costing depends on the correct planning of the transportation prime cost, which is calculated based on the data on the planned volumes of passenger traffic by motor transport enterprises. It is established that there is no single list of articles for passenger traffic costing, as the motor transport enterprise has its activity characteristics, so it individually defines this list in the Order on Accounting Policy. It should be noted that for correct calculation it would be appropriate to regulate it with normative documents with the implementation of the classification of enterprises into groups according to their activity profile. Such a normative document would make it possible to reliably justify tariff imposing by a particular motor transport enterprise. It is found out that the data of surveys of passenger flows are quite relative, so without a clear definition of the number of transported passengers, it is impossible to calculate either the reliable prime cost of transportation or to form a reasonable tariff. Passenger traffic costing as well as cost accounting requires special attention because tariffs of the motor transport enterprise are formed based on the calculated prime cost. The study showed that at present the activity of many motor transport enterprises is unprofitable, which is caused by the high prime cost of passenger traffic and will require another increase in fares. The article aims to consider the methodological approaches to passenger traffic costing, to analyze the cost structure of the motor transport enterprise to identify shortcomings and provide proposals for cost optimization and ensure their profitable operation. Methodology. To achieve this goal, the necessary tools of scientific research methods are used: dialectical method of cognition – to clarify the meaningful characteristics of expenditures and calculate the cost of production (works, services); observation – to study the state and trends of cost changes and the order of tariff formation by motor transport enterprises; grouping and economic analysis of costs –to process analytical information for further use while making management decisions aimed at ensuring profitable activity; causal relationships, concretization – to determine the information needs of users on costs; systematization and generalization – to develop proposals for improving the methods of cost accounting and traffic costing. Practical results. Based on the analysis, the normative method of costing as an effective means of cost management and ensuring the rational use of resources of the motor transport enterprise is determined. Value/originality. It is established that clear accounting of the number of transported passengers is required to determine the reliable prime cost of transportation and form reasonable transportation tariffs.
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Meyer, Michael D. „Measuring System Performance: Key to Establishing Operations as a Core Agency Mission“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1817, Nr. 1 (Januar 2002): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1817-20.
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Monitoring transportation system performance, especially the operations of the system, has become an important task for transportation agencies. The importance of monitoring system performance as a strategy for enhancing the operations function of transportation agencies is examined. The reasons for system monitoring are described, with special focus on the importance of system information for customer satisfaction. Examples are provided of state department of transportation and metropolitan planning organization use of performance measures to guide decisions on operations-oriented strategies. It is concluded that by collecting data on system operations and reporting them to decision makers, the importance of system performance compared with other concerns could be increased significantly. Simply defining such measures will not ensure that the institutional willingness exists to emphasize system management and operations as solution strategies. However, the measures can provide important ammunition for those supporting these concepts, and because of public interest in improving traffic flow conditions, as indicated by surveys, they could act as catalysts for developing a supportive public constituency.
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Anagnostopoulos, Apostolos, und Fotini Kehagia. „Utilizing UAVs Technology on Microscopic Traffic Naturalistic Data Acquirement“. Infrastructures 6, Nr. 6 (16.06.2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6060089.
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Research into collecting and measuring reliable, accurate, and naturalistic microscopic traffic data is a fundamental aspect in road network planning scientific literature. The vehicle trajectory is one of the main variables in traffic flow theory that allows to extract information regarding microscopic traffic flow characteristics. Several methods and techniques have been applied regarding the acquisition of vehicle trajectory. The forthcoming applications of intelligent transport systems on vehicles and infrastructure require sufficient and innovative tools to calibrate existing models on more complex situations. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are one of the most emerging technologies being used recently in the transportation field to monitor and analyze the traffic flow. The aim of this paper is to examine the use of UAVs as a tool for microscopic traffic data collection and analysis. A comprehensive guiding framework for accurate and cost-effective naturalistic traffic surveys and analysis using UAVs is proposed and presented in detail. Field experiments of acquiring vehicle trajectories on two multilane roundabouts were carried out following the proposed framework. Results of the experiment indicate the usefulness of the UAVs technology on various traffic analysis studies. The results of this study provide a practical guide regarding vehicle trajectory acquirement using UAVs.
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Dung, Nguyen Dinh. „Developing Models for Managing Drones in the Transportation System in Smart Cities“. Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 15, Nr. 2 (01.12.2019): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ecce-2019-0010.
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AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), especially drones, have advantages of having applications in different areas, including agriculture, transportation, such as land use surveys and traffic surveillance, and weather research. Many network protocols are architected for the communication between multiple drones. The present study proposes drone-following models for managing drones in the transportation management system in smart cities. These models are based on the initial idea that drones flight towards a leading drone in the traffic flow. Such models are described by the relative distance and velocity functions. Two types of drone-following models are presented in the study. The first model is a safe distance model (SD model), in which a safe distance between a drone and its ahead is maintained. By applying the stochastic diffusion process, an improved model, called Markov model, is deduced. These drone-following models are simulated in a 2D environment using numerical simulation techniques. With the simulation results, it could be noted that: i) there is no accident and no unrealistic deceleration; ii) the velocity of the followed drone is changed according to the speed of the drone ahead; iii) the followed drones keep a safe distance to drone ahead even the velocities are changed; iv) the performance of the Markov model is better than that of the SD model.
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Qasim, Zaynab, Abdul-Razzak Ziboon und Khaldoon Falih. „TransCad analysis and GIS techniques to evaluate transportation network in Nasiriyah city“. MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 03029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816203029.
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Transportation is an essential element for the development of countries economically, socially, and culturally. AL-Nasiriyah is one of the highly congested urban centers within Dhi-Qar province. Network in the city center suffers congestion, particularly during peak hours simply because of the existence of vitality centers (educational, commercial and government). The network is used to assess the flow of the current traffic network patterns through several programs such as the (TransCad, GPS, GIS) so collecting different types of data, such as (Traffic volumes and free flow speed) using a device (MSSS), field surveys is done for the work of large-scale map road network.The results of the evaluation showed that most of the roads in the city have a level of service type (B), as the network showed service-level type (F) at which the vehicle relative to the road capacity (v/c) is greater than one in the city center, such as (Habboubi Street, Nasir bridge, Sumer Street, etc.) as illustrated in analysis map. On the basis of that proposed to add new roads to change path of external - external trips and also add new bridges to get rid of the congestion that appeared in the city center.
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Moyo, T., und W. Musakwa. „USING CROWDSOURCED DATA (TWITTER & FACEBOOK) TO DELINEATE THE ORIGIN AND DESTINATION OF COMMUTERS OF THE GAUTRAIN PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEM IN SOUTH AFRICA“. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-2 (02.06.2016): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-2-143-2016.
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The study of commuters’ origins and destinations (O_D) promises to assist transportation planners with prediction models to inform decision making. Conventionally O_D surveys are undertaken through travel surveys and traffic counts, however data collection for these surveys has historically proven to be time consuming and having a strain on human resources, thus a need for an alternative data source arises. This study combines the use social media data and geographic information systems in the creation of a model for origin and destination surveys. The model tests the potential of using big data from Echo echo software which contains Twitter and Facebook data obtained from social media users in Gauteng. This data contains geo-location and it is used to determine origin and destination as well as concentration levels of Gautrain commuters. A kriging analysis was performed on the data to determine the O-D and concentration levels of Gautrain users. The results reveal the concentration of Gautrain commuters at various points of interest that is where they work, live or socialise. The results from the study highlight which nodes attract the most commuters and also possible locations for the expansion for Gautrain. Lastly, the study also highlights some weakness of crowdsourced data for informing transportation planning.
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Tiwari, Geetam. „The Role of Cycle Rickshaws in Urban Transport“. Transfers 4, Nr. 1 (01.03.2014): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2014.040107.
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Cycle rickshaws continue to play an important role in meeting the mobility demands in South Asian cities. Current transport policies, however, do not support their use. Rickshaws are viewed as a cause of congestion and a profession in which rickshaw owners exploit poor people. This article presents data from published studies to argue against those views. Data from Delhi metro users suggests that as cities expand their public transport services, rickshaws will continue as an important feeder mode in the future. Recent studies also suggest that if separate lanes are created for non-motorized vehicles (which can be used by bicycles as well), then rickshaws and motorized vehicles will experience less congestion and non-motorized vehicles will be exposed to lower traffic crash risk. This article advocates the collection of relevant data concerning rickshaw trips and the number of rickshaws in future travel surveys and that appropriate infrastructures should be designed to facilitate their movement.
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Moufad, Imane, und Fouad Jawab. „Mixed applied survey methodology for planning/enforcement of urban logistics delivery bays– An application to the Moroccan context“. Archives of Transport 55, Nr. 3 (30.09.2020): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4237.
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Roads and parking areas represent a place of conflict between freight vehicles and other urban activities, especially on mixed residential and commercial streets. This conflict results in traffic congestion, illegal parking, pollution and road safety problems. The challenge is to allocate public space between the right operating activities, parking activities, public transport and so on. To address that, urban logistics delivery bays, also known as loading/unloading (L/U) zones, have become a real solution to facilitate the delivery and pick-up operations of urban freight vehicles, ensure accessibility for delivery drivers, reduce congestion and improve road safety. Therefore, this paper reports on planning and enforcement of urban delivery bays needs. It is part of the urban freight transport (UFT) surveys. This involves consolidating with new contribution the development, implementation and statistical analysis of a survey in order to quantify the need of delivery areas. Compared to the existing literature, this paper presents a mixed applied methodology which is divided into two parts : “Exploratory survey” and “Establishment-vehicle observation” survey. These two surveys techniques were conducted to offer an overview of the freight vehicle delivery and pick-up frequency according to the daytime and weekdays and the operations related to the loading/unloading activities. This makes it possible to estimate the delivery bays requirement in the study area. The findings from a methodological and practical angle are illustrated through a real case study in a commercial street in Morocco. The findings suggest that 60% of deliveries are made between 8:00 A.M and 12 A.M, and the movements generated by each establishment are 257 movements. For this, the study zone requires the development of three loading/unloading (L/U) bays. The main contribution is to propose an approach that urban authorities can use to estimate urban delivery areas efficiently and thus allow simple replication of the proposed framework in other cities.
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Surya, Batara, Hamsina Hamsina, Ridwan Ridwan, Baharuddin Baharuddin, Firman Menne, Andi Tenri Fitriyah und Emil Salim Rasyidi. „The Complexity of Space Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control in the Main Corridor of Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 21 (06.11.2020): 9244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219244.
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Population mobility, increasing demand for transportation, and the complexity of land use have an impact on environmental quality degradation and air quality pollution. This study aims to analyze (1) the effect of population mobility, increased traffic volume, and land use change on air quality pollution, (2) direct and indirect effects of urban activities, transportation systems, and movement patterns on environmental quality degradation and air pollution index, and (3) air pollution strategy and sustainable urban environmental management. The research method used is a sequential explanation design. Data were obtained through observation, surveys, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study illustrate that the business center and Daya terminal with a value of 0.18 µgram/m3 is polluted, the power plant and Sermani industrial area with a value of 0.16 µgram/m3 is polluted, the Makassar industrial area with a value of 0.23 is heavily polluted, and the Hasanuddin International Airport area with a value of 0.04 µgram/m3 is not polluted. Population mobility, traffic volume, and land use changes have a significant effect on environmental quality degradation, with a determination coefficient of 94.1%. The direct effect of decreasing environmental quality on the air pollution index is 66.09%. This study recommends transportation management on the main road corridor of Makassar City, which is environmentally friendly with regard to sustainable environmental management.
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Al-Ahmadi, Hassan M., Arshad Jamal, Imran Reza, Khaled J. Assi und Syed Anees Ahmed. „Using Microscopic Simulation-Based Analysis to Model Driving Behavior: A Case Study of Khobar-Dammam in Saudi Arabia“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 11 (28.05.2019): 3018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113018.
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Sustainable transportation systems play a key role in the socio-economic development of a country. Microscopic simulation models are becoming increasingly useful tools in designing, optimizing, and evaluating the sustainability of transportation systems and concerned management strategies. VISSIM, a microscopic traffic simulation software, has gained rapid recognition in the field of traffic simulation. However, default values for different input parameters used during simulation need to be tested to ensure a realistic replication for local traffic conditions. This paper attempts to model driving behavior parameters using the microscopic simulation software VISSIM through a case study in the Khobar-Dammam metropolitan areas in Saudi Arabia. VISSIM default values for different sensitive parameters such as lane change distances, additive and multiplicative parts of desired safety distances, the number of preceding vehicles spotted, amber signal decisions, and minimum headway were identified to be most sensitive and significant parameters to be calibrated to precisely replicate field conditions. The simulation results using default values produced higher link speed, larger queue length, and shorter travel times than those observed in the field. However, measures of effectiveness (MOEs) obtained from calibrated models over desired simulation runs were comparable to those obtained from field surveys. All compared MOEs used to validate the model matched within a range of 5–10% to the field-observed values.
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Puspitasari, Evi, Woro Partini Maryunani und Paska Adi Hutomo. „On Street Parking Study in Shopping District (Case Study: Pemuda Street, Magelang Chinatown)“. MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 26, Nr. 1 (30.07.2020): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v26i1.23620.
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The economic growth has influenced the mobility of the population. In line with those, there is a rapid growth of private vehicle ownership. The growth of private vehicles must be fulfilled by enough parking space so that it doesn’t cause parking problems later. This study aims to describe the conditions and evaluate the existing parking management in the case study area and design an effective parking space scenario. The object of this research is the on-street parking area on shopping area, Pemuda Street, Chinatown, Magelang. To obtain an overview of parking management in case study area, several surveys were conducted, including a parking inventory survey, occupancy survey, and parking duration survey. Secondary data collected by interview with the Local Transportation Department and the Local Public Works and Spatial Planning Department. The survey results show that existing parking requirements cannot be met by the existing parking area. However, the traffic conditions around the Chinatown have not shown congestion during peak hour. To further improve the effectiveness of parking management in Chinatown, parallel parking, parking meter implementation, the addition of parking space and the application of parking based on duration can be applied. For further research, research on parking using special transportation software can be done.
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Xia, Zhenchang, Jia Wu, Libing Wu, Yanjiao Chen, Jian Yang und Philip S. Yu. „A Comprehensive Survey of the Key Technologies and Challenges Surrounding Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks“. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology 12, Nr. 4 (06.06.2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3451984.
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Vehicular ad hoc networks ( VANETs ) and the services they support are an essential part of intelligent transportation. Through physical technologies, applications, protocols, and standards, they help to ensure traffic moves efficiently and vehicles operate safely. This article surveys the current state of play in VANETs development. The summarized and classified include the key technologies critical to the field, the resource-management and safety applications needed for smooth operations, the communications and data transmission protocols that support networking, and the theoretical and environmental constructs underpinning research and development, such as graph neural networks and the Internet of Things. Additionally, we identify and discuss several challenges facing VANETs, including poor safety, poor reliability, non-uniform standards, and low intelligence levels. Finally, we touch on hot technologies and techniques, such as reinforcement learning and 5G communications, to provide an outlook for the future of intelligent transportation systems.
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Sheikh, Muhammad Sameer, und Jun Liang. „A Comprehensive Survey on VANET Security Services in Traffic Management System“. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (15.09.2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2423915.
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Recently, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) embark a great deal of attention in the area of wireless and communication technology and are becoming one of the prominent research areas in the intelligent transportation system (ITS) because they provide safety and precautionary measures to the drivers and passengers, respectively. VANETs are quite different from the mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) in terms of characteristics, challenges, system architecture, and their application. In this paper, we summarize the recent state-of-the-art methods of VANETs by discussing their architecture, security, and challenges. Secondly, we discuss the detailed analysis of security schemes and the possible measures to provide secure communication in VANETs. Then, we comprehensively cover the authentication schemes, which is able to protect the vehicular network from malicious nodes and fake messages. Thus, it provides security in VANETs. Thirdly, we cover the mobility and network simulators, as well as other simulation tools, followed by the performance of authentication schemes. Finally, we discuss the comfort and safety applications of VANETs. In sum, this paper comprehensively covers the entire VANET system and its applications by filling the gaps of existing surveys and incorporating the latest trends in VANETs.
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Sandt, Adrian, Haitham Al-Deek, John H. Rogers und M. Imrul Kayes. „Using Agency Surveys and Benefit–Cost Analysis to Evaluate Highway Advisory Radio as Regional Traveler Information and Communication Tool“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2616, Nr. 1 (Januar 2017): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2616-09.
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Highway advisory radio (HAR) is an older traffic information source that is not typically used by most travelers. However, it is still valuable as a regional traveler information and communication tool, especially in emergencies. To understand the benefits of HAR to professional agencies, two online surveys were conducted with state department of transportation officials throughout the United States and with Florida emergency management departments. The 28 completed state department of transportation surveys indicated that HAR was a valuable regional communication tool to reach more travelers and provided more detailed information than other technologies. Florida emergency management professionals stated that HAR was useful as a redundant technology if the phone and Internet-based technologies that they used to provide emergency alerts failed. In addition to these surveys, a detailed benefit–cost analysis that used the results of customer surveys was performed on the HAR system of the Florida’s Turnpike Enterprise, which consisted of 16 HAR units throughout Florida. This analysis quantified the regional travel time benefits to passenger vehicle occupants and commercial truck drivers who diverted because of HAR congestion messages and compared these benefits with the capital and operational costs of the system. Assuming that 5% to 20% of HAR congestion messages cause diversion, the estimated range of the HAR benefit–cost ratio was 4.02 to 16.08. These benefits would be even greater if use of HAR in emergencies, fuel savings, and emissions reductions were considered.
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Nolan, J., R. Eckels, M. Evers, R. Singh und M. J. Olsen. „MULTI-PASS APPROACH FOR MOBILE TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING“. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-3/W5 (19.08.2015): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-3-w5-105-2015.
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Mobile Terrestrial Laser Scanning (MTLS) has been utilised for an increasing number of corridor surveys. Current MTLS surveys require that many targets be placed along the corridor to monitor the MTLS trajectory’s accuracy. These targets enable surveyors to directly evaluate the magnitude of GNSS errors at regular intervals and can also be used to adjust the trajectory to the survey control. However, this “Multi-Target” approach (MTA) is an onerous task that can significantly reduce efficiency. It also is inconvenient to the travelling public, as lanes are often blocked and traffic slowed to permit surveyors to work safely along the road corridor. This paper introduces a “Multi-Pass” approach (MPA), which minimises the number of targets required for monitoring the GNSS-controlled trajectory while still maintaining strict engineering accuracies. MPA uses the power of multiple, independent MTLS passes with different GNSS constellations to generate a “Control Polyline” from the point cloud for the corridor. The Control Polyline can be considered as a statistically valid survey measurement and be incorporated in a network adjustment to strengthen a control network by identifying outliers. Results from a test survey at the MTLS course maintained by the Oregon Department of Transportation illustrate the effectiveness of this approach.
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Chen, Minghui, und Stéphanie Souche Le Corvec. „On the Usefulness of a Combined Mode Choice-Schedule Choice Model: Case of the Paris–Bordeaux Rail Line (France)“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, Nr. 4 (25.03.2019): 697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119837958.
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The high-speed rail line (HSR) Ligne à Grande Vitesse Sud Europe Atlantique (LGV SEA) was inaugurated and put into operation on July 2, 2017. Since then, a decrease has been observed in air traffic and in air service frequency on the Paris–Bordeaux route. This paper examines the competition between HSR and air transportation services and the influence of this new transport infrastructure on passenger behavior. Using discrete choice models along with data from traveler surveys, an econometric analysis of traveler demand is conducted, dealing jointly with mode choice and schedule choice between Paris and Bordeaux. Results demonstrate that the variables specifically constructed to represent the schedule delay cost are significant, with late arrival generating relatively greater costs compared with early arrival. This model also makes it possible to evaluate the quality of transport timetable proposed by the transportation operators with the help of market share prediction.
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Acosta-Rodriguez, Lusanni, Valerian Kwigizile, Jun-Seok Oh und Timothy Gates. „Presence of Additional Safety Belt Enforcement Increases Safety Belt Use by Drivers“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, Nr. 3 (26.02.2020): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120908225.
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The use of a safety belt is universally recognized as a primary means of reducing injuries and fatalities for motor vehicle occupants. There are several factors that contribute to safety belt utilization, including traffic enforcement, demographics, vehicle type, day of the week, and geographical location. These factors have been explored and found significant in relation to safety belt usage. Apart from these factors, the presence of additional traffic enforcement is generally believed to produce higher rates of safety belt use. However, the impacts provided by the presence/no-presence of additional traffic enforcement have been merely quantified on a disaggregated scale, broadly across an entire state while controlling for other influential factors. Thus, this paper presents an analysis that quantifies the impacts provided by the presence of additional safety belt enforcement on driver safety belt usage. Direct safety belt use observational surveys and traffic enforcement data were used for the analysis. Owing to the nature of the data, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed on the dataset from the state of Michigan. The results showed that for every location where additional traffic enforcement was present, safety belt usage increased by 6.4% per county compared with areas where no additional traffic enforcement was present. Finally, the results not only quantified the impact of traffic enforcement on safety belt use, but could help transportation safety agencies make more informed decisions about where additional safety belt enforcement may be needed to improve rates of safety belt use.
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Harrison, Rob, und Benjamin Waldman. „Mitigating the Adverse Impacts of the Dallas North Central Expressway Construction on Businesses“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1632, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1632-06.
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Reconstruction of the Dallas North Central Expressway is one of the largest construction projects undertaken by the Texas Department of Transportation. The $450 million, 18-km highway and light-rail corridor is being stage constructed under heavy commuting and Interstate traffic and a variety of strategies have been undertaken to mitigate the adverse impacts on traffic flow and businesses. The findings of various surveys conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the business mitigation policies, including the impact on sales and access of business sales data reported to the state comptroller, an examination of multitenant occupancy rates for office space in the catchment area, and an analysis of businesses that either closed or opened are reported here. Somewhat surprisingly, more businesses opened than closed during construction. Recommendations are made on which policies can be utilized in other metropolitan areas of Texas and the United States.
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Gulhan, Gorkem, Huseyin Ceylan, Ozgur Baskan und Halim Ceylan. „Using Potential Accessibility Measure for Urban Public Transportation Planning: A Case Study of Denizli, Turkey“. PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 26, Nr. 2 (26.04.2014): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v26i2.1238.
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Policy makers and planners evaluate the implementation of the urban public transport (UPT) planning studies in terms of some objective measures such as load factor, mean volume per trip, capacity usage ratio and total capacity. In some cases, improving these measures may lead an unforeseen decrease on accessibility to the opportunities in terms of UPT users. Thus, this study aims to evaluate Potential Accessibility (PA) as an efficiency measure in decision stage of UPT planning. It widely depends on fieldwork, surveys, data inventories and existing plans. In this context, a comprehensive UPT planning has been carried out through VISUM traffic simulation software by taking the PA into account, and a four-step UPT planning procedure has been proposed. The results showed that PA may alternatively be used as an evaluation instrument in decision stage of UPT planning while the objective measures are insufficient to represent the effectiveness of alternative scenarios.
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Feilhauer, Thomas, Florian Braun, Katja Faller, David Hutter, Daniel Mathis, Johannes Neubauer, Jasmin Pogatschneg und Michelle Weber. „Mobility Choices—An Instrument for Precise Automatized Travel Behavior Detection & Analysis“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 4 (10.02.2021): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041912.
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Within the Mobility Choices (MC) project we have developed an app that allows users to record their travel behavior and encourages them to try out new means of transportation that may better fit their preferences. Tracks explicitly released by the users are anonymized and can be analyzed by authorized institutions. For recorded tracks, the freely available app automatically determines the segments with their transportation mode; analyzes the track according to the criteria environment, health, costs, and time; and indicates alternative connections that better fit the criteria, which can individually be configured by the user. In the second step, the users can edit their tracks and release them for further analysis by authorized institutions. The system is complemented by a Web-based analysis program that helps authorized institutions carry out specific evaluations of traffic flows based on the released tracks of the app users. The automatic transportation mode detection of the system reaches an accuracy of 97%. This requires only minimal corrections by the user, which can easily be done directly in the app before releasing a track. All this enables significantly more accurate surveys of transport behavior than the usual time-consuming manual (non-automated) approaches, based on questionnaires.
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Zhao, Miao Xi, Qin Gu, Yang Duan und Jing Yu Liang. „The Coupling Relationship between Information Technology Level and Public Transportation: A Case Study of Cities in Guangdong“. Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (Juli 2014): 5157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.5157.
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During the rapid development of information technology, the global widespread information wave has come. Exploring the intelligent information technology on the mechanism of the urban space helps to drive targeted policy-making about city planning. In this paper, taking cities in Guangdong as samples , we firstly discuss about the relationship between the level of information technology and personal travel. Primarily, analysis the fitting relationship between information flow and public traffic flow of the 21 cities at a certain time. Secondly, investigate how information technology influences the residents’ travel at the micro level by means of questionnaire surveys. The study shows that internet information has a significant promoting effect on the residents’ travel of general cities, but a substitution effect in a few large cities which has highly developed service sector.
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Lato, M., J. Hutchinson, M. Diederichs, D. Ball und R. Harrap. „Engineering monitoring of rockfall hazards along transportation corridors: using mobile terrestrial LiDAR“. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, Nr. 3 (23.06.2009): 935–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-935-2009.
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Abstract. Geotechnical hazards along linear transportation corridors are challenging to identify and often require constant monitoring. Inspecting corridors using traditional, manual methods requires the engineer to be unnecessarily exposed to the hazard. It also requires closure of the corridor to ensure safety of the worker from passing vehicles. This paper identifies the use of mobile terrestrial LiDAR data as a compliment to traditional field methods. Mobile terrestrial LiDAR is an emerging remote data collection technique capable of generating accurate fully three-dimensional virtual models while driving at speeds up to 100 km/h. Data is collected from a truck that causes no delays to active traffic nor does it impede corridor use. These resultant georeferenced data can be used for geomechanical structural feature identification and kinematic analysis, rockfall path identification and differential monitoring of rock movement or failure over time. Comparisons between mobile terrestrial and static LiDAR data collection and analysis are presented. As well, detailed discussions on workflow procedures for possible implementation are discussed. Future use of mobile terrestrial LiDAR data for corridor analysis will focus on repeated surveys and developing dynamic four-dimensional models, higher resolution data collection. As well, computationally advanced, spatially accurate, geomechanically controlled three-dimensional rockfall simulations should be investigated.
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Parker, Kathryn M., Jeanette Gustat und Janet C. Rice. „Installation of Bicycle Lanes and Increased Ridership in an Urban, Mixed-Income Setting in New Orleans, Louisiana“. Journal of Physical Activity and Health 8, s1 (Januar 2011): S98—S102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.8.s1.s98.
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Background:People are more physically active in neighborhoods that are well designed for walking and bicycling. Building infrastructure for safer cycling is one way to promote physical activity. On-road bike lanes are one type of infrastructure hypothesized to positively impact levels of cycling. The first on-street bike lane was painted in New Orleans, LA during the spring of 2008.Methods:In November of 2007 and again in November 2008, trained observers conducted manual counts of cyclists riding on St. Claude Avenue in New Orleans, LA. The data collected included the number of men, women, adults, and children riding a bicycle with traffic, against traffic, and on sidewalks.Results:Data showed a 57% increase in the average number of riders per day (P < .001). There was a 133% increase among adult female riders (P < .001) and a 44% increase among adult male riders (P < .001). The percentage of cyclists riding in the correct direction, with the flow of traffic, increased from 73% to 82% (P < .001).Conclusions:Bike lanes can have a positive impact in creating a healthy physical environment. Future research should include other streets for comparison purposes and surveys to determine whether riders are substituting biking for nonactive forms of transportation.
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Al Munawar, Muhammad Agil, Tedy Murtejo, Rulhendri Rulhendri und Nurul Chayati. „TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TOD) IN KAWASAN BAKRIE NIRWANA RESIDENCE MULYA HARJA“. astonjadro 10, Nr. 1 (24.03.2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/astonjadro.v10i1.3532.
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<p>The regional development plan and integrated transportation network in the city of Bogor, especially in the Bogor Nirwana Residence Mulya Harja area, requires a plan for determining transit-based movements. The concept of transit oriented development (TOD) is a spatial engineering approach that focuses its development around transit points. The space developed in a transit-oriented area has the characteristics of high density, various mixes (updates) and a design area that is friendly to pedestrians and bicycle users. As for anticipating the emergence of transportation problems in the development of the TOD area, a study is carried out on the analysis of potential generation and attraction to find out how much movement is entering a zone or leaving a zone.to predict the amount of traffic pull generation to and from the TOD area development location. Data collection techniques include existing observations, traffic surveys and document review. The analysis of land use designation refers to the standards and regulations related to the development of transit-oriented areas, while the calculation of the generation of attraction uses the coefficient ofITE (Institute Transportation Engineers) Generation 9th. The results of the research are the level of conformity of the Basic Building Coefficient (KDB), Building Floor Coefficient (KLB) and Green Base Coefficient (KDH) on land use designation on the application of the TOD concept in the BNR area. The results were KDB with a preset rate of 64%, KLB with a percentage rate of 3.28 and KDH of 10%. In the calculation results of the movement generation obtained in the study area with a total of 2,118 (Trips / Hour), while for the results of the movement of the movement obtained in the study area with a total of 31,780 (trips/hour).</p>
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Sheikh, Muhammad Sameer, Jun Liang und Wensong Wang. „Security and Privacy in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network and Vehicle Cloud Computing: A Survey“. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (17.01.2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5129620.
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Vehicular networks are becoming a prominent research field in the intelligent transportation system (ITS) due to the nature and characteristics of providing high-level road safety and optimized traffic management. Vehicles are equipped with the heavy communication equipment which requires a high power supply, on-board computing device, and data storage devices. Many wireless communication technologies are deployed to maintain and enhance the traffic management system. The ITS is capable of providing services to the traffic authorities and precautionary measures to the drivers and passengers. Several methods have been proposed for discussing the security and privacy issues for the vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) and vehicular cloud computing (VCC). They receive a great deal of attention from researchers around the world since they are new technologies, and they can improve road safety and enhance traffic flow by utilizing the vehicles resources and communication system. Firstly, the VANETs are presented, including the basic overview, characteristics, threats, and attacks. The location privacy methodologies are elaborated, which can protect the confidential information of the vehicle, such as the location detail and driver information. Secondly, the trust management models in the VANETs are comprehensively discussed, followed by the comparison of the cryptography and trust models in terms of different kinds of attacks. Then, the simulation tools and applications of the VANETs are discussed, and the evolution is presented from the VANETs to VCC in the vehicular network. Thirdly, the VCC is discussed from its architecture and the security and privacy issues. Finally, several research challenges on the VANETs and VCC are presented. In sum, this survey comprehensively covers the location privacy and trust management models of the VANETs and discusses the security and privacy issues in the VCC, which fills the gap of existing surveys. Also, it indicates the research challenges in the VANETs and VCC.
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Nabizade Gangeraj, Ebrahim, Gholam Ali Behzadi und Reza Behzad. „Estimation of Origin – Destination Matrix from Traffic Counts Based On Fuzzy Logic“. Civil Engineering Journal 3, Nr. 11 (10.12.2017): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-030946.
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Determining trip demand matrix is among the basic data in transportation planning. This matrix is derived by surveys, interviews with citizens or questionnaires that required time, money and manpower. Thus, in recent years, demand estimation methods based on network information is taken into consideration. In these methods with the information including: volume, travel time, capacity of the links and initial demand matrix it is possible to estimate the demand matrix. In this paper, we removed the additional parameters in previous studies and used a simple solution to estimate the matrix. This paper proposes a Fuzzy-PFE estimation method that allows to improve the estimation performances of PFE estimator. The objective function presented based on the reduction of travel time and travel time of routs in networks is uncertain. The method is developed by fuzzy sets theory and fuzzy programming that seems to be convenient theoretical framework to represent uncertainty in the available data. The new model is the removal of iterative process of origin - destination matrix estimation using travel time and increase convergence of the model for the large-scale and congested networks by applying little changes in the basic model. In this paper we used TRANSCAD Software to determine the shortest path in the network and optimization of objective function is performed by CPLEX.
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Wissinger, Leanne M., Joseph E. Hummer und Joseph S. Milazzo. „Using Focus Groups to Investigate Issues of Red Light Running“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1734, Nr. 1 (Januar 2000): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1734-06.
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Red light running (RLR) has been an important issue among transportation officials seeking to make intersections safer for drivers and pedestrians. Many cities in the United States have started programs aimed at reducing the number of red light violations, and many of these programs include the use of automated enforcement utilizing a camera to record violations. Previous research on such enforcement has quantified the rate of its public acceptance through surveys; however, little research has been performed probing the reactions and concerns of the public toward red light cameras. For this study, focus groups were used to investigate the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of the public toward RLR and red light cameras. Fifteen focus groups were held throughout North Carolina with representatives from organizations interested in and knowledgeable about traffic safety, traffic engineering, and traffic law enforcement, as well as with people not professionally involved in law enforcement or traffic engineering. Some of the focus group discussions involved such issues as determining an appropriate RLR grace period, developing an educational campaign, addressing financial issues, and determining appropriate penalties for RLR violations. Participants voiced their opinions on both sides of the issues; for instance, many participants said they strongly believed there should be some sort of grace period with automated enforcement, whereas others said they felt a zero-tolerance policy should be used. Also, many participants voiced their unequivocal support for automated enforcement, whereas others expressed concerns.
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Barjenbruch, Kevin, Carol M. Werner, Randall Graham, Cody Oppermann, Glenn Blackwelder, Jeff Williams, Glen Merrill, Scott Jensen und Justin Connolly. „Drivers’ Awareness of and Response to Two Significant Winter Storms Impacting a Metropolitan Area in the Intermountain West: Implications for Improving Traffic Flow in Inclement Weather“. Weather, Climate, and Society 8, Nr. 4 (01.10.2016): 475–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-16-0017.1.
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Abstract Over the past several decades, Utah has experienced rapid population growth, resulting in increased demand on Utah’s existing interstate and arterial infrastructure. In the Salt Lake City, Utah, metropolitan area, recurring traffic congestion (i.e., peak commute times) and nonrecurring congestion (weather related) result in an estimated average annual cost of $449 million. Recent Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) studies have confirmed that inclement weather plays a significant role in nonrecurring congestion and associated negative impacts. In an effort to measure and potentially mitigate weather-related traffic congestion, a cooperative research study between academic (University of Utah), state [Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT)], federal (National Weather Service), and private sector (Weathernet) entities was undertaken. Driver awareness surveys were conducted for two significant winter storms along the Wasatch Front urban corridor. Participants typically used media and personal sources for gathering weather and road information, with government sources (UDOT and NWS) used less frequently. Use of government and personal sources were significant predictors of behavior change. Satisfaction with all information sources was high. The most frequent commuting changes reported were route changes and shifts in travel schedule, especially leaving early to avoid the storm. Self-reported actions from interviewees were supported by measured changes in speed, flow, and travel time from the Performance Measurement System (PeMS) utilized by UDOT. The long-term goal is to use these results to provide insight into how the weather enterprise might more effectively communicate hazard information to the public in a manner that leads to improved response (change travel times, modes, etc.).
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Zavattero, David A., Janice A. Ward und Christopher K. Strong. „Air Quality Effects of Travel Changes“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1641, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1641-11.
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Travel behavior in northeastern Illinois was examined for the 20-year period between 1970 and 1990 by conducting a comparative analysis of data from the Chicago Area Transportation Study 1970 Home Interview and the 1990 Household Travel Surveys. This study identified regional travel conditions and needs and provided an overview of the changes that have occurred because of population and employment growth and behavioral shifts. By understanding travel behavior and patterns in the region and resulting congestion and air quality effects, travel reduction strategies could be developed to promote mobility and meet environmental objectives. The analysis offers insight into travel purpose, mode, location, and length while identifying characteristics of the population making those trips. Changes in travel during the 1970 to 1990 period include increased total daily trips, person miles, and private automobile use, primarily single-occupant vehicle trips; substantial growth in suburban travel; increased work trips, transit and automobile trip lengths, and trip-chaining; reduced passenger trips and automobile occupancy rates; and increased suburban transit ridership. These travel changes have increased traffic congestion and affected air quality. Advances in technology have increased vehicle efficiency. The relative contributions to emissions changes that can be attributed to technology and to underlying behavioral changes are examined. Transportation management strategies can be applied to increase the efficiency of transportation facilities and further improve regional air quality.
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Prawata, Albertus. „Fasilitas Transit Transportasi Umum sebagai Media untuk Menciptakan Mobilitas dan Bagian Kota Jakarta yang Sehat“. ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 5, Nr. 2 (01.12.2014): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v5i2.2293.
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Approximately 50% of Indonesia's population lives in cities. One of these towns is a metropolitan city of Jakarta, an area that has a population of over 14.1 million people. New residential areas are springing up in the suburbs of Jakarta due to the urban sprawl that is increasingly out of control. Thus the activities of traveling from home to work will be a major requirement, and this activity has given rise to problems such as traffic jam. In this study, the research conducted on the data of public transportation in Jakarta, which is followed by a literature review, from books, the internet and the results of a survey involving 130 respondents about the use of public and private transport in Jakarta. In addition to the survey, also conducted a comparative study to look directly into the field one factor supporting public transport, the MRT station in Singapore and TransJakarta bus stop on Jalan Sudirman, and do a comparison analysis. The purpose of this paper is to come up with new solutions in public transport facilities presenting a friendly and optimized for all the people of Jakarta. The method used was to collect data through surveys and literature studies.
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Hodge, Daniel J., Glen Weisbrod und Arno Hart. „Do New Highways Attract Businesses?: Case Study for North Country, New York“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1839, Nr. 1 (Januar 2003): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1839-17.
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A frequently heard argument for new highways, especially those to be located in rural regions, is that they will directly lead to new business attraction and expansion opportunities (i.e., expanding from a two-lane road to a four-lane expressway will be what is needed to jump-start lagging economic regions). The literature on industrial site location commonly cites transportation infrastructure and access to markets as key determinants of business location. Meanwhile, many prospective studies are undertaken (major investments studies, environmental impact statements, etc.) that include analyses to try to estimate the economic impacts of new highway investments. The problem is that most transportation-based analysis tools, such as travel network and user benefit models, are not designed to answer the question of the potential for a highway investment to lead to business attraction (which is inherently speculative). Rather, they focus on quantifying current and future traffic patterns and how they will be affected by a highway improvement. The North Country Transportation Study examined these traditional benefits but also, perhaps more importantly, carefully studied the potential for business attraction to the region. This effort provides a substantial advance in the economic development analysis of transportation investments because of the thoroughness of sources and methodologies undertaken to understand and quantify this impact in the relatively rural and isolated region of northern New York. Local interviews and surveys, state business attraction and retention trend analysis, and a specially designed business attraction model were used to transform a typically speculative concept into a tangible one.
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Bellsolà Olba, Xavier, Winnie Daamen, Tiedo Vellinga und Serge P. Hoogendoorn. „Risk Assessment Methodology for Vessel Traffic in Ports by Defining the Nautical Port Risk Index“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, Nr. 1 (23.12.2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8010010.
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Ports represent a key element in the maritime transportation chain. Larger vessels and higher traffic volumes in ports might result in higher risks at the navigational level. Thus, the dire need for a comprehensive and efficient risk assessment method for ports is felt. Many methodologies have been proposed so far, but their application to aggregated vessel traffic risks for the overall assessment of ports is not developed yet. Hence, the development of an approach for the appraisal of the vessel traffic risks is still a challenging issue. This research aims to develop an assessment methodology to appraise the potential risk of accident occurrence in port areas at an aggregated level by creating a ‘Nautical Port Risk Index’ (NPRI). After identifying the main nautical risks in ports, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) is used to derive the risk perception (RP) weights for each criterion from data collected through surveys to expert navigators. The consequences related to each nautical risk are identified in consultation with risk experts. By combining the RP values and the consequence of each criterion for a time period, the NPRI is calculated. The risks in the Port of Rotterdam are presented in a case study, and the method has been validated by checking the results with experts in assessing nautical port risks from the Port of Rotterdam Authority. This method can be used to assess any new port design, the performance of different vessel traffic management measures, changes in the fleet composition, or existent ports using the Automatic Identification System (AIS) data.
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Dörrzapf, Linda, Anna Kovács-Győri, Bernd Resch und Peter Zeile. „Defining and assessing walkability: a concept for an integrated approach using surveys, biosensors and geospatial analysis“. Urban Development Issues 62, Nr. 1 (20.07.2019): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/udi-2019-0008.
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AbstractWalking as a transport mode is still often underrepresented in the overall transport system. Consequently, pedestrian mobility is usually not recorded statistically in the same manner as it is performed for motorised traffic which leads to an underestimation of its importance and positive effects on people and cities. However, the integration of walkability assessments is potentially a valuable complement in urban planning processes through considering important quantitative and qualitative aspects of walking in cities. Recent literature shows a variety of approaches involving discrepancies in the definition of walkability, the factors which contribute to it, and methods of assessing them. This paper provides a new understanding of the concept of walkability in the European context. Our approach relies on the extension of methodological competence in transportation, spatial planning and geography by linking new measurement methods for evaluating walkability. We propose an integrated approach to assessing walkability in a comprehensive methodology that combines existing qualitative and GIS-based methods with biosensor technologies and thus captures the perceptions and emotions of pedestrians. This results in an increased plausibility and relevance of the results of walkability analysis by considering the spatial environment and its effect on people.
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Choi, Jaeheon, Kyuil Lee, Hyunmyung Kim, Sunghi An und Daisik Nam. „Classification of Inter-Urban Highway Drivers’ Resting Behavior for Advanced Driver-Assistance System Technologies using Vehicle Trajectory Data from Car Navigation Systems“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 15 (23.07.2020): 5936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155936.
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Fatigue-related crashes, which are mainly caused by drowsy or distracted driving, account for a significant portion of fatal accidents on highways. Smart vehicle technologies can address this issue of road safety to improve the sustainability of transportation systems. Advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) can aid drowsy drivers by recommending and guiding them to rest locations. Past research shows a significant correlation between driving distance and driver fatigue, which has been actively studied in the analysis of resting behavior. Previous research efforts have mainly relied on survey methods at specific locations, such as rest areas or toll booths. However, such traditional methods, like field surveys, are expensive and often produce biased results, based on sample location and time. This research develops methods to better estimate travel resting behavior by utilizing a large-scale dataset obtained from car navigation systems, which contain 591,103 vehicle trajectories collected over a period of four months in 2014. We propose an algorithm to statistically categorize drivers according to driving distances and their number of rests. The main algorithm combines a statistical hypothesis test and a random sampling method based on the renowned Monte-Carlo simulation technique. We were able to verify that cumulative travel distance shares a significant relationship with one’s resting decisions. Furthermore, this research identifies the resting behavior pattern of drivers based upon their travel distances. Our methodology can be used by sustainable traffic safety operators to their driver guiding strategies criterion using their own data. Not only will our methodology be able to aid sustainable traffic safety operators in constructing their driver guidance strategies criterion using their own data, but it could also be implemented in actual car navigation systems as a mid-term solution. We expect that ADAS combined with the proposed algorithm will contribute to improving traffic safety and to assisting the sustainability of road systems.
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Malkhamah, Siti, Almira Pavita Eska und Alvian Mustafa. „YOGYAKARTA CITY TRANSPORT SERVICE PLANNING FOR INTEGRATION WITH EXISTING TRANSPORT“. Jurnal Teknosains 8, Nr. 1 (03.01.2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/teknosains.34699.
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The presence of tourist buses is considered to be a factor in Yogyakarta’s traffic congestion in long holiday season. Research was conducted to plan a tourism transportation, called Trans Jogja Wisata that is integrated with other public transport services to accommodate tourist movement from park and ride locations to tourist attractions. Data collection was done by carrying out surveys and interviews at a parking location in Yogyakarta. The data collected included tourist destinations, bus gateways to Yogyakarta, and environmental conditions. Based on the analysis results for planning Trans Jogja Wisata’s integration with existing public transport, there are four designated routes that can be used to accommodate tourists in getting to their destinations: Route 1, Route 2, Route 3, and Route 4. These routes are fully integrated with the Trans Jogja bus system, becak or pedicabs, andong or horse drawn carriages and Si Thole mini buses.
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Wesemann, Larry, Tijana Hamilton und Steve Tabaie. „Traveler Response to Damaged Freeways and Transportation System Changes following Northridge Earthquake“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1556, Nr. 1 (Januar 1996): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155600112.
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When four key freeways in Southern California were damaged on January 17, 1994, by the Northridge earthquake, state and local agencies implemented a variety of emergency measures to the transportation systems in damaged corridors to ensure some degree of mobility during reconstruction. Travelers who had used damaged routes were faced with a variety of travel choices, such as using primary roadway detours, ridesharing, diverting to other roads, using transit, avoiding travel, telecommuting, or changing time of travel. On the basis of comprehensive travel surveys, traffic monitoring, and data collection, it was determined that travelers responded in significantly different ways in each of the four damaged corridors. In the very heavily traveled I-10 (Santa Monica) Freeway Corridor, even though primary roadway detours could only carry approximately 40 percent of normal freeway capacity, virtually all travelers still drove their automobiles because numerous parallel streets exist in this corridor as alternatives to the freeway. By contrast, research showed that some 7,000 users of the I-5 (Golden State) and SR-14 (Antelope Valley) freeways shifted to commuter trains because parallel roadways were limited. In addition, although most travelers quickly returned to their original trip making choices and mode of travel after damaged freeways were opened, other travelers (including many train riders) chose to remain with the new travel choices for a variety of behavioral reasons, including reliability. Further research indicated that when travelers in Southern California were forced to choose from a variety of new travel choices, their decision making followed a logical hierarchy based on specific trip making requirements and travel time thresholds, as well as their perceptions of the suitability of each choice for their own particular travel needs.
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Okeke, Francis O., Andy E. Okosun, Clifford A. Udeh und Chukwumezie J. Okekeogbu. „Cities for People: The Dependency & Impact of Automobile in the Life of City Dwellers“. European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, Nr. 3 (01.10.2020): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n3p157.
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Just like the plough breaking the grounds, many Nigerian cities have been transformed by the use of automobile. Cars have reshaped public realms and remodelled the nation’s landscape, creating a bizarre unpaved erstwhile versions of centuries ago. The rising dominance of automobile is well revealed by their imprints on the urban land use patterns. However, the invention of the mass-produced automobile was a breakthrough in mobility and comfort; the modern consequences of its heavy use has led to a dramatic increase in accident death rates, the use of fossil fuels, social isolation, community disconnection, obesity, environmental pollution, urban sprawl and urban decay. This research, therefore provides an insight into some of the causes of over-dependence on automobile and its impact on the lives of city dwellers using Achara Layout in Enugu as a case study. The target goal is to proffer solution to remedy this obvious lack of foresight on urban transportation system. Using a descriptive research method that utilizes both primary and secondary data, the study through surveys, x-rayed why the increase in automobile dependence. Furthermore, it reveals that although the use of automobile is advantageous, the consequence of over dependency is far more overwhelming. The research results note that four fundamental policies will address successfully and specifically automobile dependency imposed by local conditions. It concludes that the gross accommodation of urban land to automobile be redressed and the expensive sterility of excessive motorized traffic be eliminated and advocates for an eco-friendly alternative means of city transportation. Keywords: Urban, Automobile Dependency, Planning, City Dwellers, Transportation
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Pagliara, Francesca, Claudio Troisi und Luca Pelliccia. „A Before and After Analysis of the Impacts of the Inaguration of a New Metro Station in Naples“. Open Transportation Journal 9, Nr. 1 (12.06.2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447801509010001.
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In this paper a before and after analysis of the impacts of the inauguration of a new metro station in Garibaldi square in Naples in Italy will be presented. This station is part of Line 1 and it was inaugurated in January 2014. Moreover, many interventions have been carried out in Garibaldi square, surrounding the station. Therefore a reorganization of the whole transportation system connecting this new strategic node was necessary. Two surveys have been undertaken with the objective of understanding these impacts. Indeed the first one aimed at identifying the present circulation scheme and the one induced by the inauguration of the station. The second one aimed at quantifying the entity of traffic flows in “critical points”, by counting the vehicles during peak periods. From these surveys, it has come out that in the peak morning period (7am-10am) 6,000 vehicles have been counted towards the rail node Garibaldi. This value decreases of almost 15% in the afternoon peak period (12am-3pm) as well as in the evening one (5pm-8pm). A simulation model has been implemented as well in order to estimate future scenarios promoted by the local administration. Indeed the access to the square and to the surrounding areas (where the CBD and the historical centre are placed) changes completely.
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Abe, Ryosuke, und Kay W. Axhausen. „Impact of Major Road Supply on Individual Travel Time Expenditure: An Exploration with a 30-Year Variation of Infrastructure and Travel“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, Nr. 3 (25.08.2018): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118791866.
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This study estimates the impact of major road supply on individual travel time expenditures (TTEs) using data that cover 30-year variations in transportation infrastructure and travel behavior. The impacts of the supply of road and rail infrastructure are estimated with a data set that combines records of large-scale household travel surveys in the Tokyo metropolitan area conducted in 1978, 1988, 1998, and 2008. Linear and Tobit models of individual TTEs are estimated by following the behavior of birth cohorts over the 30-year period. The models incorporate the changes in transportation infrastructure, measured as lane kilometers of two levels of major road stock and vehicle kilometers of urban rail service. The results show significant negative effects of lane kilometers for higher-level and lower-level major roads on the TTEs for all travel purposes and for commuting, after controlling for socioeconomic backgrounds and generations of individuals. This study discusses that, in Tokyo, the estimated effect is more likely to reflect the effect of a major road network per se on individual TTEs than the (indirect) effect of major road supply on individual TTEs working through land development activities (i.e., induced car travel demand). For example, the caveat is that actual road investment decisions still need to consider the induced component of road traffic in addition to the (direct) effect that is estimated in this study.
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Kogut, Janusz P., Elżbieta Pilecka und Dariusz Szwarkowski. „Monitoring and Numerical Modeling of a Road in Landslide Terrain“. Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 28, Nr. 2 (01.06.2018): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2018-0026.
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Abstract Due to the significant role and noticeable development of transportation routes running from the north to the south of central Europe, several problems related to the construction and functioning of roads in the Carpathian foothills have been revealed. Recent climate change causes areas, where transport routes are particularly exposed to hazards, to succumb to technical exploitation and degradation. The elimination of the threats related to the activation of landslide phenomena becomes particularly expensive. Old roads, which were once designed for significantly lower axle loads and less heavy traffic conditions, are predominantly exposed. At the present, these roads are heavily exploited and have become overloaded. As a result, both the roadway and the subgrade undergo damage, which causes an increase in dynamic loads, and in potentially endangered areas, the activation of landslides. Landslides in the Carpathian flysch have a peculiar susceptibility to activation due to its geological structure. This paper addresses the problem of monitoring and analysing the effects of a landslide associated with the operation of a transportation route running through the slope of the Carpathian flysch. The studies include both field work and laboratory testing of basic geotechnical parameters. The parameters obtained during the geotechnical investigations, conducted for the purpose of building a numerical model, have been completed. The field work includes surveys made by a terrestrial laser scanner. The study also includes a number of 2D and 3D numerical models. These models, along with the substrate parameters, have been introduced into the FEA package and then calibrated. Subsequently, an analysis of the effects of landslide susceptibility and the behaviour of the road and terrain surface, due to the different variants of the loads, is shown along with the results of surveys.