Thematische Bibliographien / Transformative reactions / Zeitschriftenartikel
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Transformative reactions“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 19. Juli 2025

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1

Ghosh, Pranab, Utpal Debnath, and B. P. Pradhan. "Some Transformative Reactions of Odollactone." American Journal of Organic Chemistry 2, no. 4 (2012): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.ajoc.20120204.01.

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2

Griffiths, Kieran, and George E. Kostakis. "Transformative 3d–4f coordination cluster carriers." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 35 (2018): 12011–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt02362j.

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3

Malapit, Christian. "Electrosynthesis for the Invention of New Organic Reactions." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 53 (2024): 3641. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02533641mtgabs.

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Electrosynthesis has emerged as a versatile and powerful tool in organic chemistry, facilitating the discovery and advancement of novel organic reactions. By harnessing electricity, this cutting-edge method generates reactive intermediates, driving chemical transformations to produce intricate organic compounds. This talk will present significant breakthroughs from our research group, showcasing the innovative use of electrochemistry in uncovering transformative reactions. Highlighted discoveries include (a) a site-selective arene C–H functionalization reaction, utilizing nitrogen radical intermediates generated through anodic or cathodic processes to yield aryl amines; and (b) an electrochemical strategy for generating carbon-based radicals from organoboron reagents, utilized in constructing diverse carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds. The presentation will delve into the discovery process, development, scope, and mechanism of these reactions.
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Chen, Xiaorui, Changtong Zhu, Luyun Ji, et al. "Recent Advances in Biocatalytic Dearomative Spirocyclization Reactions." Catalysts 15, no. 7 (2025): 673. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15070673.

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Spirocyclic architectures, which feature two rings sharing a single atom, are common in natural products and exhibit beneficial biological and material properties. Due to the significance of these architectures, biocatalytic dearomative spirocyclization has recently emerged as a powerful approach for constructing three-dimensional spirocyclic frameworks under mild, sustainable conditions and with exquisite stereocontrol. This review surveys the latest advances in biocatalyzed spirocyclization of all-carbon arenes (phenols and benzenes), aza-aromatics (indoles and pyrroles), and oxa-aromatics (furans). We highlight cytochrome P450s, flavin-dependent monooxygenases, multicopper oxidases, and novel metalloenzyme platforms that effect regio- and stereoselective oxidative coupling, epoxidation/semi-pinacol rearrangement, and radical-mediated cyclization to produce diverse spirocycles. Mechanistic insights gleaned from structural, computational, and isotope-labeling studies are discussed where necessary to help the readers further understand the reported reactions. Collectively, these examples demonstrate the transformative potential of biocatalysis to streamline access to spirocyclic scaffolds that are challenging to prepare through traditional methods, underscoring biocatalysis as a transformative tool for synthesizing pharmaceutically relevant spiroscaffolds while adhering to green chemistry paradigms to ultimately contribute to a cleaner and more sustainable future.
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Malapit, Christian. "Electrosynthesis for the Development of Selective Organic Reactions." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 41 (2024): 2336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01412336mtgabs.

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The development of efficient and selective reactions play a vital role in chemical synthesis and drug discovery, serving as crucial drivers for advancements in these fields. Electrosynthesis has emerged as a versatile and powerful tool within organic chemistry, enabling the exploration and development of new organic reactions. This state-of-the-art technique harnesses the power of electricity to propel chemical transformations, paving the way for synthetic chemists to create intricate organic molecules. In this presentation, we will showcase notable discoveries from the Malapit Lab, highlighting the innovative application of electrochemistry in the exploration of novel and transformative reactions. Among these groundbreaking findings are a site-selective C–H functionalization reaction and the utilization of organoboron reagents to generate diverse carbon-heteroatom products through radical intermediates. These reactions hold promise for the late-stage functionalization of numerous biologically active compounds, presenting exciting opportunities for drug development and synthesis.
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Li, Fei-Xing, Dong-Mei Lin, Jin Yang, Xiu-Ming Cui, and Xiao-Yan Yang. "The transformation pathways and optimization of conditions for preparation minor ginsenosides from Panax notoginseng root by the fungus Aspergillus tubingensis." PLOS ONE 20, no. 3 (2025): e0316279. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316279.

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Minor ginsenosides exhibit enhanced pharmacological effects in comparison to the major ginsenosides. However, the natural content of minor ginsenosides in plants is typically insufficient to satisfy clinical demand. Therefore, we investigated the biotransformation of the major ginsenosides in Panax notoginseng to minor ginsenosides by the fungus Aspergillus tubingensis. The transformation products were analyzed using TLC, HPLC, and LC-MS techniques to propose the biotransformation pathways of major ginsenosides. A. tubingensis was found to transform the main ginsenosides into 15 minor ginsenosides, inculding (R/S)-Rg3, Rk1, Rg5, F2, (R/S)-Rh1, Rk3, Rh4, (R/S)-Rg2, F4, Rg6 and (R/S)-R2. The transformation reactions encompassed isomerization, hydrolysis and dehydration. We have also optimized the reaction temperature and pH for the crude enzyme extracted from this fungus, which has a molecular weight of 66 kDa. Based on our current knowledge, this transformative characteristic of A. tubingensis was initially documented for the concurrent transformation of PPD and PPT type saponins in P. notoginseng. This method of preparing minor saponins will be valuable for the development of P. notoginseng as a traditional medicinal material.
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Buitrago Santanilla, Alexander, Erik L. Regalado, Tony Pereira, et al. "Nanomole-scale high-throughput chemistry for the synthesis of complex molecules." Science 347, no. 6217 (2014): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1259203.

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At the forefront of new synthetic endeavors, such as drug discovery or natural product synthesis, large quantities of material are rarely available and timelines are tight. A miniaturized automation platform enabling high-throughput experimentation for synthetic route scouting to identify conditions for preparative reaction scale-up would be a transformative advance. Because automated, miniaturized chemistry is difficult to carry out in the presence of solids or volatile organic solvents, most of the synthetic “toolkit” cannot be readily miniaturized. Using palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions as a test case, we developed automation-friendly reactions to run in dimethyl sulfoxide at room temperature. This advance enabled us to couple the robotics used in biotechnology with emerging mass spectrometry–based high-throughput analysis techniques. More than 1500 chemistry experiments were carried out in less than a day, using as little as 0.02 milligrams of material per reaction.
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8

Du, Jianxiong, Wanhe Wang, Jin-Biao Liu, and Nianhua Luo. "Na2SO3-Promoted Heck Coupling and Homo-Coupling of Arylhydrazines at Room Temperature." Catalysts 14, no. 6 (2024): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal14060338.

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A novel protocol facilitated by Na2SO3 that enhances the efficiency of palladium-catalyzed Heck coupling and the homo-coupling reactions of arylhydrazines. This innovative method enables the effective construction of a diverse array of cinnamate derivatives and biphenyl compounds. Notably, these transformative reactions proceed smoothly at room temperature, leveraging the activation of C-N bonds. This technique not only streamlines the synthesis process but also expands our understanding and expertise in the realm of coupling reactions.
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Baruah, Manash J., Rupjyoti Dutta, Magdi E. A. Zaki, and Kusum K. Bania. "Heterogeneous Iron-Based Catalysts for Organic Transformation Reactions: A Brief Overview." Molecules 29, no. 13 (2024): 3177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29133177.

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Iron (Fe) is considered to be one of the most significant elements due to its wide applications. Recent years have witnessed a burgeoning interest in Fe catalysis as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to noble metal catalysis in organic synthesis. The abundance and low toxicity of Fe, coupled with its competitive reactivity and selectivity, underscore its appeal for sustainable synthesis. A lot of catalytic reactions have been performed using heterogeneous catalysts of Fe oxide hybridized with support systems like aluminosilicates, clays, carbonized materials, metal oxides or polymeric matrices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in Fe-catalyzed organic transformation reactions. Highlighted areas include cross-coupling reactions, C−H activation, asymmetric catalysis, and cascade processes, showcasing the versatility of Fe across a spectrum of synthetic methodologies. Emphasis is placed on mechanistic insights, elucidating the underlying principles governing iron-catalyzed reactions. Challenges and opportunities in the field are discussed, providing a roadmap for future research endeavors. Overall, this review illuminates the transformative potential of Fe catalysis in driving innovation and sustainability in organic chemistry, with implications for drug discovery, materials science, and beyond.
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G. Patil, Harshal, and Vinit S. Khairnar. "Impact of AI on Pharmacovigilance: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Allied Science 04, no. 05 (2025): 26–35. https://doi.org/10.71431/ijrpas.2025.4503.

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Artificial Intelligence plays a transformative role in Pharmacovigilance emphasizing its huge impact on detection of adverse drug reactions rather effectively. Various studies were analysed thoroughly identifying key AI applications such as Natural language processing and Machine learning alongside predictive modelling techniques very effectively. It highlights significant challenges such as complex data quality issues and gaps in regulatory frameworks alongside significant infrastructure shortcomings and big limitations. AI's transformative potential in Pharmacovigilance remains evident despite existing challenges and future tech policy collaboration will further bolster drug safety greatly.
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Chetry, Anup Basnet. "Cutting-edge bioorthogonal chemistry: Innovations, practical applications, and emerging trends." European Journal of Chemistry 15, no. 4 (2024): 355–65. https://doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.15.4.355-365.2579.

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Bioorthogonal chemistry has emerged as a pivotal field in molecular science, offering transformative tools for applications in drug discovery, imaging, and molecular biology. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in bioorthogonal chemistry, emphasizing key innovations, practical applications, and future research directions. We explore state-of-the-art bioorthogonal reactions, including Staudinger ligation, strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), and tetrazine ligation, detailing their mechanisms, advantages, and limitations. The review highlights significant innovations such as novel fluorogenic probes, improved catalysts, and enhanced reaction conditions that have expanded the utility and efficiency of these reactions. Practical applications are examined, showing how these advances have revolutionized fields like live-cell imaging, targeted drug delivery, and molecular labeling. Looking to the future, we discuss emerging trends and potential research avenues, including the integration of bioorthogonal chemistry with other advanced technologies and the development of new reaction methodologies. This review provides a detailed overview of the current state of bioorthogonal chemistry and outlines its future potential, serving as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field.
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Mele, Francesco, Ana Maria Constantin, Andrea Porcheddu, et al. "Photomechanochemistry: harnessing mechanical forces to enhance photochemical reactions." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 21 (March 3, 2025): 458–72. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.21.33.

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Photomechanochemistry, i.e., the merger of light energy and mechanical forces, is emerging as a new trend in organic synthesis, enabling unique reactivities of fleeting excited states under solvent-minimized conditions. Despite its transformative potential, the field faces significant technological challenges that must be addressed to unlock its full capabilities. In this Perspective, we analyze selected examples to showcase the available technologies to combine light and mechanical forces, including manual grinding, vortex and shaker mixing, rod milling, and ball milling. By examining the advantages and limitations of each approach, we aim to provide an overview of the current state of synthetic photomechanochemistry to identify opportunities for future advancements in this rapidly evolving area of research.
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Pfister, Gertrud. "Prologue: Gymnastics – Divergent European Principals and Practices and American Transformative Reactions and Responses." International Journal of the History of Sport 26, no. 13 (2009): 1889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523360903148655.

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14

Fischer-Lichte, Erika, and Jens Christian Lauenstein Led. "Begrundelse for det performatives æstetik." Peripeti 3, no. 6 (2024): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/peri.v3i6.107585.

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The well-known German professor of Theatre Research, Erika Fischer-Lichte, argues for the necessity of developing a specific performative aesthetics capable of reflecting the transformative processes and physical reactions which the audience experiences in the face of the rise of performative art forms.
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Sakhahari, Kale Varsha. "Green Chemistry and Catalysis: Innovations toward a cleaner and Sustainable World." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications 10, no. 1 (2025): 106–16. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-1001106116.

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Green chemistry represents a transformative shift in chemical science, promoting processes and practicesthatprioritizesustainability,wasteminimizat ion,andreducedenvironmentalimpact.The central principles of green chemistry emphasize the reduction or elimination of hazardous substances, the design of safer chemicals and products, and a commitment to efficient use of resources.Acriticalcomponent withinthis frameworkiscatalysis, ascatalysts facilitatechemical transformations by enhancing reaction rates, increasing atom economy, and minimizing waste without beingconsumed inthereaction.Thisreviewdelvesintothepivotalroleof greencatalysts in advancing sustainable chemistry, categorizing them into various types, examining their mechanistic aspects, exploring sustainable catalyst design, and highlighting keyapplications and challenges. Mechanistically, green catalysts improve efficiency by lowering activation energy, enhancing reaction kinetics, and allowing reactions to proceed under milder conditions. Factors suchassurfacearea,poresize,andelectronicproperties significantlyinfluencecatalyticefficiency and selectivity, underscoring the importance of tailoring catalysts to specific applications. Sustainable catalyst design emphasizes recyclability, durability, and environmentally friendly synthesis.
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Gelman, Caroline Rosenthal. "Transformative Learning: First-Year MSW Students' Reactions to, and Experiences in, Gerontological Field Placements." Educational Gerontology 38, no. 1 (2012): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2010.500579.

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17

Bains, Amreen K., Arindam Sau, Brandon S. Portela, et al. "Efficient super-reducing organic photoredox catalysis with proton-coupled electron transfer mitigated back electron transfer." Science 388, no. 6753 (2025): 1294–300. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adw1648.

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Photoredox catalysis driven by visible light has improved chemical synthesis by enabling milder reaction conditions and unlocking distinct reaction mechanisms. Despite the transformative impact, visible-light photoredox catalysis remains constrained by the thermodynamic limits of photon energy and inefficiencies arising from unproductive back electron transfer, both of which become particularly pronounced in thermodynamically demanding reactions. In this work, we introduce an organic photoredox catalyst system that overcomes these obstacles to drive chemical transformations that require super-reducing capabilities. This advancement is accomplished by coupling the energy of two photons into a single chemical reduction, whereas inefficiencies from back electron transfer are mitigated through a distinct proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism embedded in the catalyst design. The super-reducing capabilities of this organic catalyst system are demonstrated through efficient application in a broad scope of challenging arene reductions.
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Kumari, Anita, and Himani Prajapati. "Transformative education: Enhancing pharmacovigilance awareness among healthcare professionals through sensitization initiatives." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 14, no. 5 (2025): 2026–30. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1869_24.

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ABSTRACT Background: Pharmacovigilance plays a vital role in patient safety by identifying, assessing, and preventing adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Despite its importance, pharmacovigilance awareness among healthcare professionals often remains limited, leading to underreporting of adverse drug reactions and compromising patient safety. Educational interventions offer a potential solution to enhance pharmacovigilance knowledge and a reporting practice. Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention in improving knowledge and ADR reporting behaviours among healthcare professionals. Methods and Material: A questionnaire-based pre- and post-intervention design was used, involving health care providers. This study was conducted in three sessions on different dates, with a stipulated time of 2 hour at a tertiary care hospital. Participants attended 2-hour educational session about awareness of pharmacovigilance knowledge, attitude, and practices. A 20-items questionnaire was used to assess about pharmacovigilance awareness before and after educational intervention. Statistical Analysis: Data were analysed using IBM SPSS 27 version software, employing a paired t-test to measure changes in scores. Results: Post-intervention participants had a statistically significant increase in pharmacovigilance knowledge, improved attitude towards ADR reporting, and greater confidence in reporting practices. However, limitations such as the lack of a control group and short follow-up duration suggest that further research is needed to confirm long-term impacts. Conclusions: Educational intervention is effective in enhancing Pharmacovigilance awareness among health care providers. Further studies should include a control group and longer follow-up to better understand the sustained impact of such an intervention. Integrated regular pharmacovigilance training within healthcare institutions and simplifying ADR reporting can further improve medication safety and patient outcomes.
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Huo, Xinyi, Shaoxin Li, Bing Sun, Zhong Lin Wang, and Di Wei. "Recent Progress of Chemical Reactions Induced by Contact Electrification." Molecules 30, no. 3 (2025): 584. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30030584.

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Contact electrification (CE) spans from atomic to macroscopic scales, facilitating charge transfer between materials upon contact. This interfacial charge exchange, occurring in solid–solid (S–S) or solid–liquid (S–L) systems, initiates radical generation and chemical reactions, collectively termed contact-electro-chemistry (CE-Chemistry). As an emerging platform for green chemistry, CE-Chemistry facilitates redox, luminescent, synthetic, and catalytic reactions without the need for external power sources as in traditional electrochemistry with noble metal catalysts, significantly reducing energy consumption and environmental impact. Despite its broad applicability, the mechanistic understanding of CE-Chemistry remains incomplete. In S–S systems, CE-Chemistry is primarily driven by surface charges, whether electrons, ions, or radicals, on charged solid interfaces. However, a comprehensive theoretical framework is yet to be established. While S–S CE offers a promising platform for exploring the interplay between chemical reactions and triboelectric charge via surface charge modulation, it faces significant challenges in achieving scalability and optimizing chemical efficiency. In contrast, S–L CE-Chemistry focuses on interfacial electron transfer as a critical step in radical generation and subsequent reactions. This approach is notably versatile, enabling bulk-phase reactions in solutions and offering the flexibility to choose various solvents and/or dielectrics to optimize reaction pathways, such as the degradation of organic pollutants and polymerization, etc. The formation of an interfacial electrical double layer (EDL), driven by surface ion adsorption following electron transfer, plays a pivotal role in CE-Chemical processes within aqueous S–L systems. However, the EDL can exert a screening effect on further electron transfer, thereby inhibiting reaction progress. A comprehensive understanding and optimization of charge transfer mechanisms are pivotal for elucidating reaction pathways and enabling precise control over CE-Chemical processes. As the foundation of CE-Chemistry, charge transfer underpins the development of energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable methodologies, holding transformative potential for advancing green innovation. This review consolidates recent advancements, systematically classifying progress based on interfacial configurations in S–S and S–L systems and the underlying charge transfer dynamics. To unlock the full potential of CE-Chemistry, future research should prioritize the strategic tuning of material electronegativity, the engineering of sophisticated surface architectures, and the enhancement of charge transport mechanisms, paving the way for sustainable chemical innovations.
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Rrsearcher. "AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS ON SHAREHOLDER WEALTH, MARKET DYNAMICS, AND CORPORATE VALUATION." AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS ON SHAREHOLDER WEALTH, MARKET DYNAMICS, AND CORPORATE VALUATION 3, no. 1 (2025): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14715703.

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Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) represent transformative events in corporate strategy, influencing shareholder wealth, market dynamics, and firm valuation. This study investigates the empirical effects of M&A by analyzing pre- and post-transaction data, providing insights into value creation, market reactions, and long-term outcomes. Our findings reveal nuanced impacts, highlighting the importance of strategic alignment, market conditions, and corporate synergies.
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Researcher. "AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS ON SHAREHOLDER WEALTH, MARKET DYNAMICS, AND CORPORATE VALUATION." International Journal of Accounting and Finance (IJAF) 2, no. 1 (2025): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14762357.

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Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) represent transformative events in corporate strategy, influencing shareholder wealth, market dynamics, and firm valuation. This study investigates the empirical effects of M&A by analyzing pre- and post-transaction data, providing insights into value creation, market reactions, and long-term outcomes. Our findings reveal nuanced impacts, highlighting the importance of strategic alignment, market conditions, and corporate synergies.
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Kawtar, Haimeur. "A Conversation with AI about Adverse Reactions of Chemotherapy." medtigo Journal of Medicine 2, no. 3 (2024): e3062257. https://doi.org/10.63096/medtigo3062257.

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The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in oncology has marked a transformative paradigm shift in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management. It lets doctors look at a lot of information about a patient, like genetic and molecular profiles, treatment histories, imaging studies, and clinical parameters. This can help them find biomarkers that predict drug efficacy and toxicity. This lets them make a very targeted and personalized treatment plan by changing chemotherapy regimens (dosage levels, treatment duration, and combination therapies) based on each patient's needs. This lowers the risk of side effects while increasing the therapeutic benefits [5]. However, a careful ethical, legal, and regulatory approach should be taken to ensure the patient's privacy, data security, and transparency in algorithmic decision-making. However, the collaborative efforts between AI and professional healthcare workers should be a promising horizon for enhancing patient care and treatment outcomes, focusing on patient-centered approaches that prioritize not only disease management but also the preservation of patients' well-being and dignity, which will eventually ameliorate the overall experience in oncology for cancer patients.
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Raval, Parth, Rhiannon M. Kennard, Eugenia S. Vasileiadou, et al. "Understanding Instability in Formamidinium Lead Halide Perovskites: Kinetics of Transformative Reactions at Grain and Subgrain Boundaries." ACS Energy Letters 7, no. 4 (2022): 1534–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c00140.

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Liu, Qiang, Xufang Liu, and Bin Li. "Base-Metal-Catalyzed Olefin Isomerization Reactions." Synthesis 51, no. 06 (2019): 1293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1612014.

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The catalytic olefin isomerization reaction is a highly efficient and atom-economic transformation in organic synthesis that has attracted tremendous attention both in academia and industry. Recently, the development of Earth-abundant metal catalysts has received growing interest owing to their wide availability, sustainability, and ­environmentally benign nature, as well as the unique properties of non-precious metals. This review provides an overview of a broad range of base-metal-catalyzed olefin isomerization reactions categorized ­according to their different reaction mechanisms.1 Introduction2 Base-Metal-Catalyzed Olefin Isomerization Reactions3 Base-Metal-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reactions4 Conclusion
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Boppella, Rami Reddy, Maryam Ahmadi, Brenden Arndt, and Mohammadreza (Reza) Nazemi. "Pulsed Electrolysis for Enhanced Nitrate Reduction Reaction to Ammonia at Low Concentrations." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 28 (2024): 2172. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02282172mtgabs.

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Electrochemical nitrate (NO3 -) reduction reaction (NO3 -RR) could offer a transformative pathway to generate ammonia in a sustainable, electrified, and decentralized manner. Improving the selectivity of the electrochemical process toward desired products and minimizing competing reactions (e.g., hydrogen evolution reaction) are the major bottlenecks before widespread adoption of the technology at an industrial scale. In this talk, we present our recent efforts in leveraging various electrochemical techniques, including pulsed electrolysis, to enhance the selectivity of the process toward ammonia at low nitrate concentrations (e.g., 10 mM). We use computational and experimental techniques to pinpoint the mechanism for the improved performance of nitrate reduction reaction to ammonia under pulse electrolysis in flow-cell electrochemical systems. We characterize the catalysts and local microenvironment under pulsed electrolysis and potentiostatic conditions to understand their impacts on ammonia yield and energy efficiency of the electrochemical process. This work provides foundational knowledge and understanding of materials and processes to demonstrate electrochemical NO3 -RR to ammonia at low nitrate concentrations, enabling a paradigm shift toward green and sustainable fuel synthesis from nitrogen source and water under more realistic nitrate concentrations in various wastewater sources.
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Taleb, Batoul, Rabih Jahjah, David Cornu, et al. "Exploring Hydrogen Sources in Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation: A Review of Unsaturated Compound Reduction." Molecules 28, no. 22 (2023): 7541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227541.

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Catalytic transfer hydrogenation has emerged as a pivotal chemical process with transformative potential in various industries. This review highlights the significance of catalytic transfer hydrogenation, a reaction that facilitates the transfer of hydrogen from one molecule to another, using a distinct molecule as the hydrogen source in the presence of a catalyst. Unlike conventional direct hydrogenation, catalytic transfer hydrogenation offers numerous advantages, such as enhanced safety, cost-effective hydrogen donors, byproduct recyclability, catalyst accessibility, and the potential for catalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation, particularly with chiral ligands. Moreover, the diverse range of hydrogen donor molecules utilized in this reaction have been explored, shedding light on their unique properties and their impact on catalytic systems and the mechanism elucidation of some reactions. Alcohols such as methanol and isopropanol are prominent hydrogen donors, demonstrating remarkable efficacy in various reductions. Formic acid offers irreversible hydrogenation, preventing the occurrence of reverse reactions, and is extensively utilized in chiral compound synthesis. Unconventional donors such as 1,4-cyclohexadiene and glycerol have shown a good efficiency in reducing unsaturated compounds, with glycerol additionally serving as a green solvent in some transformations. The compatibility of these donors with various catalysts, substrates, and reaction conditions were all discussed. Furthermore, this paper outlines future trends which include the utilization of biomass-derived hydrogen donors, the exploration of hydrogen storage materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), catalyst development for enhanced activity and recyclability, and the utilization of eco-friendly solvents such as glycerol and ionic liquids. Innovative heating methods, diverse base materials, and continued research into catalyst-hydrogen donor interactions are aimed to shape the future of catalytic transfer hydrogenation, enhancing its selectivity and efficiency across various industries and applications.
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Mountanea, Olga G., Charikleia S. Batsika, Christiana Mantzourani, Christoforos G. Kokotos, and George Kokotos. "Construction of a Library of Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids." Molecules 30, no. 2 (2025): 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30020286.

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Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids (FAHFAs) have emerged as extraordinary bioactive lipids, exhibiting diverse bioactivities, from the enhancement of insulin secretion and the optimization of blood glucose absorption to anti-inflammatory effects. The intricate nature of FAHFAs’ structure reflects a synthetic challenge that requires the strategic introduction of ester bonds along the hydroxy fatty acid chain. Our research seeks to create an effective methodology for generating varied FAHFA derivatives. Our primary approach centers on a photochemical hydroacylation reaction, merging terminal alkenes, either ω-alkenoic acids or ω-alkenyl alcohols, with commercially available aldehydes. This transformative, environmentally friendly process, orchestrated by phenylglyoxylic acid as the photoinitiator, serves as the linchpin in establishing a practical and relatively simple method for constructing a library of racemic FAHFAs. The ketones produced by the photochemical reactions are easily converted to hydroxy derivatives, which are coupled with caproic, palmitic, or oleic acid, providing a large set of FAHFAs, which broaden our ability for future structure–activity relationship studies.
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Cavusoglu, Lena, and Deniz Atik. "Accumulating capital through social media: the transformative power of underrepresented fashion consumers." Journal of Consumer Marketing 38, no. 5 (2021): 514–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-08-2020-4074.

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Purpose Previous research in sociology, psychology and fashion studies has investigated the concept of diversity in the fashion context, but the topic remains largely understudied within the realm of consumer research. This study aims to examine the reactions of underrepresented women to the fashion industry’s lack of diversity. Design/methodology/approach A total of 38 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted among a sample of female consumers who were diverse with respect to racial and ethnic background, socioeconomic class, religion, sexual orientation, age, body type and physical appearance. Findings Using Bourdieu’s forms of capital – social, cultural, economic and symbolic – the findings shed light on the process of virtual community formation on social media in response to the lack of diversity in fashion; reveal fashion consumers’ power to enact institution-level change, compelling the industry to become more diverse and inclusive; demonstrate the outcomes of capital accumulation and illustrate how all forms of capital are produced by and reproduce each other. Originality/value This study proposes a new outcome of capital accumulation on virtual communities, termed “transformative value,” in addition to the social and information values identified in earlier scholarship.
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NAZLI, Azra K., Celal KOCAÖMER, Miray BEŞBUDAK, and Nahit Erdem KÖKER. "UNDERSTANDING THE INITIAL RECTIONS OF TURKISH TWITTER USERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 1 (2021): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11101100/002.

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This study aims to evaluate the initial reactions of Turkish social media users to the spread of the COVID-19 disease and the consequent pandemic in Turkey. The primary purpose of this investigation is to provide readers with an understanding of the transformative effects of social media on the dissemination of information and feelings, especially in moments of crisis. Content analysis approach was used for the analysis of the selected tweets with codes and themes. The themes broadly identified by the study included personal opinions, humour or sarcasm, requests and questions, emotional state, information sharing, marketing and spam. The initial reactions of Turkish Twitter users on COVID-19 related primarily to sharing personal thoughts, which included the articulation of personal opinions and the critique of the views of others. The second significant response thread involved humour and sarcasm. The third theme is requests and questions including warnings, suggestions, demands and questions.
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NAZLI, Azra K., Celal KOCAÖMER, Miray BEŞBUDAK, and Nahit Erdem KÖKER. "UNDERSTANDING THE INITIAL RECTIONS OF TURKISH TWITTER USERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 1 (2021): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11001100/002.

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This study aims to evaluate the initial reactions of Turkish social media users to the spread of the COVID-19 disease and the consequent pandemic in Turkey. The primary purpose of this investigation is to provide readers with an understanding of the transformative effects of social media on the dissemination of information and feelings, especially in moments of crisis. Content analysis approach was used for the analysis of the selected tweets with codes and themes. The themes broadly identified by the study included personal opinions, humour or sarcasm, requests and questions, emotional state, information sharing, marketing and spam. The initial reactions of Turkish Twitter users on COVID-19 related primarily to sharing personal thoughts, which included the articulation of personal opinions and the critique of the views of others. The second significant response thread involved humour and sarcasm. The third theme is requests and questions including warnings, suggestions, demands and questions.
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NAZLI, Azra K., Celal KOCAÖMER, Miray BEŞBUDAK, and Nahit Erdem KÖKER. "UNDERSTANDING THE INITIAL RECTIONS OF TURKISH TWITTER USERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 1 (2021): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11101100/002.

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This study aims to evaluate the initial reactions of Turkish social media users to the spread of the COVID-19 disease and the consequent pandemic in Turkey. The primary purpose of this investigation is to provide readers with an understanding of the transformative effects of social media on the dissemination of information and feelings, especially in moments of crisis. Content analysis approach was used for the analysis of the selected tweets with codes and themes. The themes broadly identified by the study included personal opinions, humour or sarcasm, requests and questions, emotional state, information sharing, marketing and spam. The initial reactions of Turkish Twitter users on COVID-19 related primarily to sharing personal thoughts, which included the articulation of personal opinions and the critique of the views of others. The second significant response thread involved humour and sarcasm. The third theme is requests and questions including warnings, suggestions, demands and questions.
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Scott, Julie-Ann. "Narrative Performance Research." Departures in Critical Qualitative Research 4, no. 3 (2015): 70–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/dcqr.2015.4.3.70.

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Through this autoethnographic essay I explore how a critical qualitative researcher's disclosure of her personal reactions to participants’ narratives can offer an opportunity to resist cultural marginalization. This opportunity requires a level of vulnerability and disclosure that can feel risky but is often necessary in the pursuit of identification and transformative understanding. Mapping my experience as it became tangible to me of my almost-(but not really)-passing physically disabled feminine body through conducting open-ended narrative research with similarly embodied participants creates a means of revealing and resisting compulsory able-bodiedness (its comforts and trappings) in daily performance.
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Ferrer, José Miguel Quintero, Lucas Silva de Oliveira, Paula Marian Vieira Goulart, et al. "Next-Generation Protein–Ligand Interaction Networks: APEX as a Powerful Technology." Proteomes 13, no. 3 (2025): 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes13030026.

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Peroxidases are essential enzymes that catalyze redox reactions, with wide-ranging biological implications. Among these, an enhanced ascorbate peroxidase (APEX) has emerged as a valuable tool for studying intricate intracellular events with spatiotemporal precision, particularly in protein–protein, protein–RNA, and protein–DNA interaction networks in living cells. This review discusses APEX’s structural and functional attributes, its evolution through genetic engineering, and its transformative applications in high-resolution mapping used for proteomic and transcriptomic studies. Furthermore, it highlights recent advancements in substrate innovation and addresses current challenges and future directions in leveraging APEX for cutting-edge biological research.
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Kolaric, Ana. "Memories from school and the formation of identity: The transformative role of (literary) theory." Glasnik Etnografskog instituta 73, no. 1 (2025): 191–221. https://doi.org/10.2298/gei2501191k.

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The focus of this text is on the written ?testimonies?, or memories, of several literature students, in which they talk about the formation of identity at school. All students attended the elective course ?Literary Terms and the Study of Culture? at the Faculty of Philology, University of Belgrade. The course syllabus specifies that one class will cover a chapter from the book Common Schools/Different Identities by Walter Feinberg, an article by Nenad Velickovic on the evaluation and selection of textbooks in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and an analysis of specific examples from textbooks for the Serbian language and literature published in the first decade of the 21st century. In their recorded memories, the students connected the problems and themes from the aforementioned texts, as well as examples from the textbooks, with specific events that occurred in their schools, as well as outside the classroom. The personal experiences of students represent possible reactions to the dominant ideas and values offered in textbooks and school curricula in general.
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Aponte-Alequín, Héctor A. "Online learning assessment: transformative actions for linguistic security in a basic writing course." South Florida Journal of Development 6, no. 1 (2025): e4925. https://doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv6n1-021.

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In this institutional research, indirect learning assessment was incorporated to improve the design of evaluation instruments in an online Spanish Basic Writing course. The study addresses the issue that first-year students at a public university continued to struggle with two short-answer items that had not been identified as particularly difficult in previous evaluation processes. The first addresses the gerund in a journalistic excerpt; the second, the concept of ‘vulgar speech’. A questionnaire was administered to gauge the perceptions of 100 of the 117 enrolled students, aged between 17 and 19, regarding the language used in those two items from the first test of the semester. The results of this descriptive research revealed that a significant percentage felt uncomfortable with the content of the prompts (68% and 71%, respectively), indicating possible adverse reactions to the design of the stimuli. In response, two transformative actions were taken: the items were revised to ensure linguistic neutrality, and the theoretical framework of the course was shifted from prescriptive grammar to applied linguistics to promote linguistic security. This study highlights the importance of aligning assessment design with student perceptions to build effective learning environments.
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Kerna, Nicholas A., Dabeluchi C. Ngwu, Kyle Kadivi, et al. "Transformative Advancements in Diagnostic Imaging: Reducing Risks, Enhancing Accuracy, and Promoting Sustainability." European Journal of Medical and Health Research 2, no. 5 (2024): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejmhr.2024.2(5).16.

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The review discusses the risks posed by conventional medical imaging methods, including radiation exposure, allergic reactions, and environmental contamination. It explores recent innovations, such as advanced modalities like photon-counting computed tomography (CT) scanners and ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems, which provide high-resolution images with reduced radiation doses. Artificial intelligence (AI) further enhances the field by automating tasks, improving image analysis, and personalizing protocols, including real-time and predictive monitoring. Non-invasive techniques, such as elastography and photoacoustic imaging, are highlighted for minimizing reliance on ionizing radiation. AI-driven strategies also address environmental concerns through the use of biodegradable contrast agents and energy-efficient technologies. Economic assessments reveal the cost-effectiveness of imaging technologies and their impact on healthcare budgets while acknowledging persistent disparities in access. The review examines contrast agents and radiation: their long-term and broad-ranging adverse health impacts and how new imaging techniques aim to eliminate or mitigate these effects. It also considers how advancements in AI improve diagnostic accuracy and workflow efficiency. Also, the integration of imaging with genomics and telemedicine is discussed, alongside efforts to address economic and accessibility challenges and promote sustainable practices. Imaging technology and AI innovations are transforming diagnostic practices and addressing existing challenges, with ongoing innovation and collaboration essential for optimizing benefits for patients, medical staff, and the environment.
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Nicholas, A. Kerna, C. Ngwu Dabeluchi, Kadivi Kyle, et al. "Transformative Advancements in Diagnostic Imaging: Reducing Risks, Enhancing Accuracy, and Promoting Sustainability." European Journal of Medical and Health Research 2, no. 5 (2024): 153–72. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejmhr.2024.2(5).16.

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The review discusses the risks posed by conventional medical imaging methods, including radiation exposure, allergic reactions, and environmental contamination. It explores recent innovations, such as advanced modalities like photon-counting computed tomography (CT) scanners and ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems, which provide high-resolution images with reduced radiation doses. Artificial intelligence (AI) further enhances the field by automating tasks, improving image analysis, and personalizing protocols, including real-time and predictive monitoring. Non-invasive techniques, such as elastography and photoacoustic imaging, are highlighted for minimizing reliance on ionizing radiation. AI-driven strategies also address environmental concerns through the use of biodegradable contrast agents and energy-efficient technologies. Economic assessments reveal the cost-effectiveness of imaging technologies and their impact on healthcare budgets while acknowledging persistent disparities in access. The review examines contrast agents and radiation: their long-term and broad-ranging adverse health impacts and how new imaging techniques aim to eliminate or mitigate these effects. It also considers how advancements in AI improve diagnostic accuracy and workflow efficiency. Also, the integration of imaging with genomics and telemedicine is discussed, alongside efforts to address economic and accessibility challenges and promote sustainable practices. Imaging technology and AI innovations are transforming diagnostic practices and addressing existing challenges, with ongoing innovation and collaboration essential for optimizing benefits for patients, medical staff, and the environment.
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Candido, Marcia, Simone Gomes, and Talita Tanscheit. "GENDER, FEMINIST ACTIVISM AND CONSERVATISM IN LATIN AMERICA: AN INTERVIEW WITH FLÁVIA BIROLI, FLAVIA FREIDENBERG AND VERÓNICA GAGO." Novos Rumos Sociológicos 7, no. 11 (2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/norus.v7i11.17042.

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This interview discusses the challenges to gender studies and feminist movements facing the radicalization of the right-wing in Latin America. To this purpose, it selects three interlocutors of academic legitimacy in the region: Flávia Biroli, Flávia Freidenberg e Verónica Gago. The conversation is structured around two central points: on the one hand, it debates the recent conservative reactions and public spaces changes resulting from women’s mobilization for rights and in defense of democracy; on the other hand, it confronts the definition that “gender studies” constitute a specific theme of Social Sciences, describing feminist perspectives as transformative biases that are essential to a broad understanding of political and social phenomena.
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Peng, Yungui, Saif Ullah, and Zulfiqar Hussain. "Recent Advances in Diazophosphonate Chemistry: Reactions and Transformations." Synthesis, September 5, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1720129.

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AbstractDiazophosphonates function as indispensable synthetic intermediates within the domain of organic chemistry, serving as precursors for a diverse range of molecules, with potential applications as bioactive compounds. α-Diazomethylphosphonates showcase expansive reactivity and elevated levels of enantioselectivity in asymmetric transformations, especially in conjunction with suitable catalyst systems. This review compiles the latest advancements in diazophosphonate chemistry from 2016 to 2024, highlighting their reactivity and transformative potential in organic synthesis. Diazophosphonates, regarded as revolutionary compounds, exhibit unique attributes as carbene precursors, driving diverse chemical reactions such as [3+2] cycloaddition, asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition, asymmetric [3+3] cycloaddition, and asymmetric substitution reactions. Their adaptability in functional group conversions underscores their pivotal role in various synthetic methodologies. The review highlights the growing interest in diazophosphonate reactions among synthetic chemists, fostering novel synthetic strategies and expanding their application horizons. The multifaceted utility of diazophosphonates as reagents, synthetic intermediates, precursors, and catalysts underscores their significance in modern organic chemistry and pharmaceutical applications, prompting further exploration into this dynamic field.1 Introduction2 [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions3 Asymmetric [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions4 Asymmetric [3+3] Cycloaddition Reactions5 Asymmetric Substitution Reactions6 Diazophosphonates as Carbene Precursors7 Diazophosphonates in the Chemistry of Fluorinated Compounds8 Other Reactions9 Future Directions10 Conclusion
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Abate, Melaku Takele, Abbi Lemma Wedajo, and Adula Bekele Hunde. "Design-based research to develop lesson study for transformative assessment: teachers’ reactions, learning, organizational support, and use." International Journal for Lesson & Learning Studies, August 24, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlls-05-2023-0059.

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PurposeThis study aimed at exploring mathematics teachers’ reactions, learning, school leaders’ support, and the use of the lesson study for transformative assessment (LSforTA) program ideas in practice.Design/methodology/approachThe LSforTA program was new and therefore, a local and grounded approach was needed to examine teachers’ knowledge and their skills acquired using LSforTA. A design-based research approach was therefore selected to evaluate and refine the LSforTA approach.FindingsThe program affected teachers’ practices of transformative assessment and enhanced their knowledge and skills in assessing students transformatively in a positive way. The paper concludes how LSforTA procedures were adapted in response to this evaluation and provides suggestions for future development and research.Originality/valueWith its original combination of conceptual and theoretical lenses, the research contributes to the academic literature by linking transformative assessment, lesson study and school context. This connection provides new opportunities for teachers to develop strategies to create meaningful assessment practices embedded with their instructional process in the context of their schools.
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Thomas, Neethu, Jérémy Dhainaut, Alain Moissette, Olivier Lafon, and G. N. Manjunatha Reddy. "Resolving Transformative Reactions in Zeolites under Catalytic Hydrothermal Conditions." Journal of Physical Chemistry C, June 11, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c02929.

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42

Seebauer, Sebastian, Eva Posch, Thomas Thaler, Claudia Winkler, and Hermine Mitter. "Under which conditions can shocks stimulate transformative recovery: the Strategy Shock Implementation Reaction (SSIR) framework." Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 30, no. 5 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-025-10221-0.

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Abstract Future shocks from climate change impacts will likely overstretch current individual coping capacities. Integrated policy strategies could foster sustainable and resilient reactions of households and businesses by rebuilding for transformative recovery instead of bouncing back to the pre-shock status. We present the Strategy Shock Implementation Reaction (SSIR) framework as a conceptual framework for bridging the design of policy strategies to their implementation after a shock and the following reactions of the affected households and businesses. We illustrate the SSIR framework using examples of climate resilience pathways that integrate climate change adaptation and mitigation policy: planned relocation and building renovation. The framework details how a shock converts a strategy and how this conversion influences the strategy’s effect on individual reactions. It thus re-conceptualizes shocks from mere policy windows to policy filters. We discuss how the framework may be operationalized in research on how policy strategies evolve and function over time.
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Reusch, Doug, Kayleigh Brisard, Gil Hamilton, and Carson Theriault. "A Transformative Carbon Sink in the Ocean?" Eos 104 (December 12, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023eo230479.

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Venrooij, Kevin R., Lucienne de Bondt, and Kimberly M. Bonger. "Mutually Orthogonal Bioorthogonal Reactions: Selective Chemistries for Labeling Multiple Biomolecules Simultaneously." Topics in Current Chemistry 382, no. 3 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41061-024-00467-8.

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AbstractBioorthogonal click chemistry has played a transformative role in many research fields, including chemistry, biology, and medicine. Click reactions are crucial to produce increasingly complex bioconjugates, to visualize and manipulate biomolecules in living systems and for various applications in bioengineering and drug delivery. As biological (model) systems grow more complex, researchers have an increasing need for using multiple orthogonal click reactions simultaneously. In this review, we will introduce the most common bioorthogonal reactions and discuss their orthogonal use on the basis of their mechanism and electronic or steric tuning. We provide an overview of strategies to create reaction orthogonality and show recent examples of mutual orthogonal chemistry used for simultaneous biomolecule labeling. We end by discussing some considerations for the type of chemistry needed for labeling biomolecules in a system of choice.
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Altıok, Birce, and Luisa Conti. "Education at the frontier between tradition and innovation: challenges of an international initiative in breaking through." Frontiers in Sociology 9 (November 22, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2024.1393051.

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In a rapidly evolving global landscape, education stands as a linchpin for navigating complex challenges and fostering sustainable development. This article delves into the transformative potential of education, with a particular focus on insights gleaned from the KIDS4ALLL project. Rooted in contrasting perspectives of education, the study emphasizes the need for a paradigm shift toward fostering critical thinking, creativity, and inclusivity. The European Commission’s commitment to transformative education finds expression in initiatives like KIDS4ALLL, which harnesses digital platforms to prioritize peer learning and bridge divides. Through an exploration of reactions within Turkish schools to the project’s introduction, this study sheds light on the dynamics of change and resistance, offering valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities towards educational transformation. Drawing on empirical data from the project’s pilot phase, the study identifies key factors shaping the realization of educational change. By elucidating these factors, the article contributes to a nuanced understanding of transformative education, paving the way for informed strategies aimed at fostering inclusive, sustainable, and impactful educational practices on a global scale.
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Lee, Tsz Chun, Yi Tong, and Wai Chung Fu. "Advances in Continuous Flow Fluorination Reactions." Chemistry – An Asian Journal, September 14, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.202300723.

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Fluorination reactions are important in constructing organofluorine motifs, which contribute to favorable biological properties in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. However, fluorination reagents and reactions are associated with various problems, such as their hazardous nature, high exothermicity, and poor selectivity and scalability. Continuous flow has emerged as a transformative technology to provide many advantages relative to batch syntheses. This review article summarizes recent continuous flow techniques that address the limitations and challenges of fluorination reactions. Approaches based on different flow techniques are discussed, including gas‐liquid reactions, packed‐bed reactors, in‐line purifications, streamlined multistep synthesis, large‐scale reactions well as flow photoredox‐ and electrocatalysis.
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Sundarraj, Sreenisa, Neshanth Vadivel, Arun Prasad Murthy, Jayaraman Theerthagiri, and Myong Yong Choi. "MXene Electrocatalysts: Transformative Approaches in Hydrogen Production with Alternative Anode Reactions." Small, November 18, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202407120.

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AbstractWater electrolyzer is crucial for producing clean hydrogen, but the traditional approach faces challenges owing to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) slow kinetics at the anode. Hybrid water splitting replaces the OER with the oxidation of an organic molecule to enhance hydrogen production along with value‐added products. The scarcity of affordable and highly effective catalysts remains a major challenge. MXene, a 2D nanomaterial, has gained substantial attention for its enviable properties, for instance high conductivity, hydrophilicity, and substantial surface area. This review discusses experimental methods for synthesizing MXene and MXene‐based nanocomposites. Furthermore, the small molecules oxidation such as benzyl alcohol, methanol, ethanol, urea, hydrazine, furfural, and formic acid as alternatives to the oxygen evolution reaction is examined. Finally, an understanding of imminent research and the development of MXene‐associated materials in electrocatalytic applications are presented.
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Villeda-Hernandez, Marcos, Benjamin C. Baker, Christian Romero, Jonathan M. Rossiter, and Charl FJ Faul. "Soft alchemy: a comprehensive guide to chemical reactions for pneumatic soft actuation." Soft Science 4, no. 2 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2023.52.

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Soft robotics has emerged as a transformative field, leveraging bio-inspired novel actuation mechanisms to enable more adaptable, compliant, and sophisticated robotic systems. However, the portability of soft pneumatic actuators is typically constrained by the tethering to bulky power sources. This review offers a thorough analysis of autonomous power alternatives facilitated by chemical reactions for gas generation and absorption, a concept analogous to biological energy conversion processes. These bio-inspired strategies propel soft pneumatic actuators towards new horizons of autonomy and portability, essential for real-world applications. This comprehensive review explores the critical intersection of gas evolution reactions (GERs) and gas consumption reactions (GCRs) as a power source for pneumatic actuation in soft robotics. We here emphasize the importance and impact of bio-inspired design, control, efficiency, safety, and sustainability within soft robotics to not only mimic biological motions but to enhance them. This review explores the fundamentals of both pneumatic and chemically powered actuation, highlighting the need for careful consideration of reaction kinetics. Additionally, this work highlights key aspects of smart materials that draw from biological structures and response mechanisms, along with state-of-the-art techniques for precise pressure modulation. Finally, we chart prospective development pathways and provide a future outlook for bio-inspired soft robotics, emphasizing the transformative impact of integrating chemical actuation methods. This exploration underlines the quest for further autonomy in soft robotic systems and points towards the future opportunities in this exciting and fast-developing field.
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Schauer, David G., Jona Bredehoeft, Umar Yunusa, Ajith Pattammattel, Hans Jakob Wörner, and Emily A. Sprague-Klein. "Targeted synthesis of gold nanorods and characterization of their tailored surface properties using optical and X-ray spectroscopy." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4cp01993h.

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Cheng, Yuan-Yuan, Jiawei Xu, Zhipeng Lin, Yanjun Li, and Lutz Ackermann. "Photoelectrocatalytic [4+2] Annulation for S‐Heterocycle Assembly Enabled by Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer (PCET)." Chemistry – A European Journal, August 3, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.202402333.

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Cross‐dehydrogenative couplings (CDC) present an efficient strategy for the assembly of biorelevant heterocycles, but are thus far largely limited to toxic transition metals and rather harsh reaction conditions. In sharp contrast, we, herein report on a mild photoelectrocatalyzed CDC‐[4+2] annulation enabling the synthesis of functionalized isothiochromenes enabled by a proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) strategy. The transformative photoelectrocatalysis obviated toxic transition‐metal, high reaction temperatures, and stoichiometric chemical redox reagents. This approach was characterized by exceedingly mild conditions, ample substrate scope, and a commercially available catalyst. Gram‐scale reactions and a telescoped synthesis route reflected the unique potential in the green synthesis of important S‐heterocycles.
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