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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Transport and localization“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 22. Juni 2024

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1

Malakar, Bidhan, and Binoy Krishna Roy. "TRAIN LOCALIZATION USING AN ADAPTIVE MULTISENSOR DATA FUSION TECHNIQUE." Transport 34, no. 4 (2019): 508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.11313.

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This work deals with the development of an adaptive multisensor data fusion technique for the accurate estimation of the trains position and velocity. The proposed technique will work with the Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) used in Indian railways during Global Positioning System (GPS) outages. The determination of accurate position of trains is a challenging task for the TCAS during GPS outages. The accuracy of the proposed Volterra Recursive Least Square (VRLS) based adaptive multisensor data fusion technique is evaluated by generating two kinematic profiles for a passenger train running between Silchar–Lumding broad gauge route in Indian railways. The effect of accelerometer bias is also considered during the analysis. It is observed that the developed technique can provide a better estimate of the position and velocity for the TCAS especially during GPS outages and without using any additional railway infrastructure. The simulation results indicate that the proposed technique is superior to the earlier works in terms of achieving better positional accuracy in presence of accelerometer bias.

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2

Suter, Beat. "RNA localization and transport." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms 1861, no. 10 (2018): 938–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.08.004.

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3

Gottlieb, E. "Messenger RNA transport and localization." Current Opinion in Cell Biology 2, no. 6 (1990): 1080–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0955-0674(90)90159-c.

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4

Srivastava, Saurabh, Hiori Kino, Shu Nakaharai, et al. "Quantum transport localization through graphene." Nanotechnology 28, no. 3 (2016): 035703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/28/3/035703.

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5

Mische, Sarah, Mingang Li, Madeline Serr, and Thomas S. Hays. "Direct Observation of Regulated Ribonucleoprotein Transport Across the Nurse Cell/Oocyte Boundary." Molecular Biology of the Cell 18, no. 6 (2007): 2254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-10-0959.

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In Drosophila, the asymmetric localization of specific mRNAs to discrete regions within the developing oocyte determines the embryonic axes. The microtubule motors dynein and kinesin are required for the proper localization of the determinant ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes, but the mechanisms that account for RNP transport to and within the oocyte are not well understood. In this work, we focus on the transport of RNA complexes containing bicoid (bcd), an anterior determinant. We show in live egg chambers that, within the nurse cell compartment, dynein actively transports green fluorescent protein-tagged Exuperantia, a cofactor required for bcd RNP localization. Surprisingly, the loss of kinesin I activity elevates RNP motility in nurse cells, whereas disruption of dynein activity inhibits RNP transport. Once RNPs are transferred through the ring canal to the oocyte, they no longer display rapid, linear movements, but they are distributed by cytoplasmic streaming and gradually disassemble. By contrast, bcd mRNA injected into oocytes assembles de novo into RNP particles that exhibit rapid, dynein-dependent transport. We speculate that after delivery to the oocyte, RNP complexes may disassemble and be remodeled with appropriate accessory factors to ensure proper localization.

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Jansen, Ralf-Peter, and Michael Kiebler. "Intracellular RNA sorting, transport and localization." Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 12, no. 10 (2005): 826–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1005-826.

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7

Chartrand, Pascal, Robert H. Singer, and Roy M. Long. "RNP Localization and Transport in Yeast." Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 17, no. 1 (2001): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.17.1.297.

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8

Binenbaum, Jenia, Roy Weinstain, and Eilon Shani. "Gibberellin Localization and Transport in Plants." Trends in Plant Science 23, no. 5 (2018): 410–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2018.02.005.

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9

Cao, G., V. Dobrosavljevic, S. McCall, J. E. Crow, and R. P. Guertin. "Localization and transport in pseudoternary ruthenates." Physica B: Condensed Matter 259-261 (January 1999): 951–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(98)00891-6.

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10

Ponomarev, A. I., N. A. Babushkina, L. M. Belova, et al. "Transport and localization in Nd1.82Ce0.18CuO4?? film." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 105, no. 3-4 (1996): 939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00768503.

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11

NAKANO, FUMIHIKO. "ABSENCE OF TRANSPORT IN ANDERSON LOCALIZATION." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 14, no. 04 (2002): 375–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x02001211.

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We consider the charge transport in the tight-binding Anderson model. Under a mild condition on the Fermi projection, we show that it is zero almost surely. This result has wider applicability than our previous work [12], while the definition of charge transport is slightly different. It also applies to the computation of non-diagonal component of the conductivity tensor which recovers the famous result of quantization of Hall conductivity in quantum Hall systems.

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12

Hilke, Michael, Mathieu Massicotte, Eric Whiteway, and Victor Yu. "Weak Localization in Graphene: Theory, Simulations, and Experiments." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/737296.

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We provide a comprehensive picture of magnetotransport in graphene monolayers in the limit of nonquantizing magnetic fields. We discuss the effects of two-carrier transport, weak localization, weak antilocalization, and strong localization for graphene devices of various mobilities, through theory, experiments, and numerical simulations. In particular, we observe a minimum in the weak localization and strong localization length reminiscent of the minimum in the conductivity, which allows us to make the connection between weak and strong localization. This provides a unified framework for both localizations, which explains the observed experimental features. We compare these results to numerical simulation and find a remarkable agreement between theory, experiment, and numerics. Various graphene devices were used in this study, including graphene on different substrates, such as glass and silicon, as well as low and high mobility devices.

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13

Mohr, Sabine, Andrew Kenny, Simon T. Y. Lam, et al. "Opposing roles for Egalitarian and Staufen in transport, anchoring and localization of oskar mRNA in the Drosophila oocyte." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 4 (2021): e1009500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009500.

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Localization ofoskarmRNA includes two distinct phases: transport from nurse cells to the oocyte, a process typically accompanied by cortical anchoring in the oocyte, followed by posterior localization within the oocyte. Signals within theoskar3’ UTR directing transport are individually weak, a feature previously hypothesized to facilitate exchange between the different localization machineries. We show that alteration of the SL2a stem-loop structure containing theoskartransport and anchoring signal (TAS) removes an inhibitory effect such thatin vitrobinding by the RNA transport factor, Egalitarian, is elevated as isin vivotransport from the nurse cells into the oocyte. Cortical anchoring within the oocyte is also enhanced, interfering with posterior localization. We also show that mutation of Staufen recognized structures (SRSs), predicted binding sites for Staufen, disrupts posterior localization ofoskarmRNA just as instaufenmutants. Two SRSs in SL2a, one overlapping the Egalitarian binding site, are inferred to mediate Staufen-dependent inhibition of TAS anchoring activity, thereby promoting posterior localization. The other three SRSs in theoskar3’ UTR are also required for posterior localization, including two located distant from any known transport signal. Staufen, thus, plays multiple roles in localization ofoskarmRNA.

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Serano, T. L., and R. S. Cohen. "A small predicted stem-loop structure mediates oocyte localization of Drosophila K10 mRNA." Development 121, no. 11 (1995): 3809–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.11.3809.

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The establishment of dorsoventral polarity in the Drosophila oocyte and future embryo is dependent on the efficient transport of K10 mRNA from nurse cells into the oocyte. To investigate the cis-requirements of K10 mRNA transport, we used a transgenic fly assay to analyze the expression patterns of a series of K10 deletion variants. Such studies identify a 44 nucleotide sequence within the K10 3′ untranslated region that is required and sufficient for K10 mRNA transport and subsequent localization to the oocyte's anterior cortex. An inspection of the 44 nucleotide transport/localization sequence (TLS) reveals a strong potential for the formation of a stem-loop secondary structure. Nucleotide substitutions that interfere with the predicted base-pairing of the TLS block mRNA transport and anterior localization. Conversely, mutations that alter the base composition of the TLS while maintaining predicted base-pairing do not block mRNA transport or anterior localization. We conclude that K10 mRNA transport and anterior localization is mediated by a 44 nucleotide stem-loop structure. A similar putative stem-loop structure is found in the 3′ untranslated region of the Drosophila orb mRNA, suggesting that the same factors mediate the transport and anterior localization of both K10 and orb mRNAs. Apart from orb, the K10 TLS is not found in any other localized mRNA, raising the possibility that the transport and localization of other mRNAs, e.g., bicoid, oskar and gurken, are mediated by novel sets of cis- and trans-acting factors. Moreover, we find that the K10 TLS overrides the activity of oskar cis-regulatory elements that mediate the late stage movement of the mRNA to the posterior pole. We propose the existence of a family of cis-regulatory elements that mediate mRNA transport into the oocyte, only some of which are compatible with the elements that mediate late stage movements.

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15

Lozej, Črt. "Spectral Form Factor and Dynamical Localization." Entropy 25, no. 3 (2023): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25030451.

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Quantum dynamical localization occurs when quantum interference stops the diffusion of wave packets in momentum space. The expectation is that dynamical localization will occur when the typical transport time of the momentum diffusion is greater than the Heisenberg time. The transport time is typically computed from the corresponding classical dynamics. In this paper, we present an alternative approach based purely on the study of spectral fluctuations of the quantum system. The information about the transport times is encoded in the spectral form factor, which is the Fourier transform of the two-point spectral autocorrelation function. We compute large samples of the energy spectra (of the order of 106 levels) and spectral form factors of 22 stadium billiards with parameter values across the transition between the localized and extended eigenstate regimes. The transport time is obtained from the point when the spectral form factor transitions from the non-universal to the universal regime predicted by random matrix theory. We study the dependence of the transport time on the parameter value and show the level repulsion exponents, which are known to be a good measure of dynamical localization, depend linearly on the transport times obtained in this way.

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Luckyanova, M. N., J. Mendoza, H. Lu, et al. "Phonon localization in heat conduction." Science Advances 4, no. 12 (2018): eaat9460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat9460.

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Nondiffusive phonon thermal transport, extensively observed in nanostructures, has largely been attributed to classical size effects, ignoring the wave nature of phonons. We report localization behavior in phonon heat conduction due to multiple scattering and interference events of broadband phonons, by measuring the thermal conductivities of GaAs/AlAs superlattices with ErAs nanodots randomly distributed at the interfaces. With an increasing number of superlattice periods, the measured thermal conductivities near room temperature increased and eventually saturated, indicating a transition from ballistic to diffusive transport. In contrast, at cryogenic temperatures the thermal conductivities first increased but then decreased, signaling phonon wave localization, as supported by atomistic Greenșs function simulations. The discovery of phonon localization suggests a new path forward for engineering phonon thermal transport.

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Ainger, Kevin, Daniela Avossa, Amy S. Diana, Christopher Barry, Elisa Barbarese, and John H. Carson. "Transport and Localization Elements in Myelin Basic Protein mRNA." Journal of Cell Biology 138, no. 5 (1997): 1077–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.138.5.1077.

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Myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA is localized to myelin produced by oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system. MBP mRNA microinjected into oligodendrocytes in primary culture is assembled into granules in the perikaryon, transported along the processes, and localized to the myelin compartment. In this work, microinjection of various deleted and chimeric RNAs was used to delineate regions in MBP mRNA that are required for transport and localization in oligodendrocytes. The results indicate that transport requires a 21-nucleotide sequence, termed the RNA transport signal (RTS), in the 3′ UTR of MBP mRNA. Homologous sequences are present in several other localized mRNAs, suggesting that the RTS represents a general transport signal in a variety of different cell types. Insertion of the RTS from MBP mRNA into nontransported mRNAs, causes the RNA to be transported to the oligodendrocyte processes. Localization of mRNA to the myelin compartment requires an additional element, termed the RNA localization region (RLR), contained between nucleotide 1,130 and 1,473 in the 3′ UTR of MBP mRNA. Computer analysis predicts that this region contains a stable secondary structure. If the coding region of the mRNA is deleted, the RLR is no longer required for localization, and the region between nucleotide 667 and 953, containing the RTS, is sufficient for both RNA transport and localization. Thus, localization of coding RNA is RLR dependent, and localization of noncoding RNA is RLR independent, suggesting that they are localized by different pathways.

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Cevik, Sebiha, Yuji Hori, Oktay I. Kaplan, et al. "Joubert syndrome Arl13b functions at ciliary membranes and stabilizes protein transport in Caenorhabditis elegans." Journal of Cell Biology 188, no. 6 (2010): 953–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200908133.

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The small ciliary G protein Arl13b is required for cilium biogenesis and sonic hedgehog signaling and is mutated in patients with Joubert syndrome (JS). In this study, using Caenorhabditis elegans and mammalian cell culture systems, we investigated the poorly understood ciliary and molecular basis of Arl13b function. First, we show that Arl13b/ARL-13 localization is frequently restricted to a proximal ciliary compartment, where it associates with ciliary membranes via palmitoylation modification motifs. Next, we find that loss-of-function C. elegans arl-13 mutants possess defects in cilium morphology and ultrastructure, as well as defects in ciliary protein localization and transport; ciliary transmembrane proteins abnormally accumulate, PKD-2 ciliary abundance is elevated, and anterograde intraflagellar transport (IFT) is destabilized. Finally, we show that arl-13 interacts genetically with other ciliogenic and ciliary transport–associated genes in maintaining cilium structure/morphology and anterograde IFT stability. Together, these data implicate a role for JS-associated Arl13b at ciliary membranes, where it regulates ciliary transmembrane protein localizations and anterograde IFT assembly stability.

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19

Date, Hiroki, Takashi Kubo, Takeshi Kawasaki, and Hideki Maeda. "Silent Failure Localization on Optical Transport System." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 33, no. 13 (2021): 649–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2021.3084686.

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20

Allaire, Grégoire, Guillaume Bal, and Vincent Siess. "Homogenization and localization in locally periodic transport." ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations 8 (2002): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv:2002016.

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21

Economou, E., and C. Soukoulis. "Calculation of optical transport and localization quantities." Physical Review B 40, no. 11 (1989): 7977–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.40.7977.

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22

POLAVIEJA, GONZALO GARCI A. DE. "Quantum transport, recurrence and localization in H3+." Molecular Physics 87, no. 3 (1996): 651–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268979650027388.

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23

Pust, Sascha, Anne Berit Dyve, Maria L. Torgersen, Bo van Deurs, and Kirsten Sandvig. "Interplay between Toxin Transport and Flotillin Localization." PLoS ONE 5, no. 1 (2010): e8844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008844.

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24

Senthil, T., Matthew P. A. Fisher, Leon Balents, and Chetan Nayak. "Quasiparticle Transport and Localization in High-TcSuperconductors." Physical Review Letters 81, no. 21 (1998): 4704–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.81.4704.

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25

Burke, Franklyn, Plamen Stamenov, and J. M. D. Coey. "Charge injection, transport and localization in rubrene." Synthetic Metals 161, no. 7-8 (2011): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2010.12.024.

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26

Orbach, R. "Phonon localization and transport in disordered systems." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 164-166 (December 1993): 917–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(93)91147-u.

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27

Godet, C. "Electronic Localization and Bandtail Hopping Charge Transport." physica status solidi (b) 231, no. 2 (2002): 499–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3951(200206)231:2<499::aid-pssb499>3.0.co;2-k.

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28

Ye, Zhen, and A. Alvarez. "Transport and Scaling Properties in Acoustic Localization." physica status solidi (b) 214, no. 2 (1999): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3951(199908)214:2<285::aid-pssb285>3.0.co;2-9.

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29

Kress, Tracy L., Young J. Yoon, and Kimberly L. Mowry. "Nuclear RNP complex assembly initiates cytoplasmic RNA localization." Journal of Cell Biology 165, no. 2 (2004): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200309145.

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Cytoplasmic localization of mRNAs is a widespread mechanism for generating cell polarity and can provide the basis for patterning during embryonic development. A prominent example of this is localization of maternal mRNAs in Xenopus oocytes, a process requiring recognition of essential RNA sequences by protein components of the localization machinery. However, it is not yet clear how and when such protein factors associate with localized RNAs to carry out RNA transport. To trace the RNA–protein interactions that mediate RNA localization, we analyzed RNP complexes from the nucleus and cytoplasm. We find that an early step in the localization pathway is recognition of localized RNAs by specific RNA-binding proteins in the nucleus. After transport into the cytoplasm, the RNP complex is remodeled and additional transport factors are recruited. These results suggest that cytoplasmic RNA localization initiates in the nucleus and that binding of specific RNA-binding proteins in the nucleus may act to target RNAs to their appropriate destinations in the cytoplasm.

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Weinbaum, Sheldon, and Shu Chien. "Lipid Transport Aspects of Atherogenesis." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 115, no. 4B (1993): 602–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895547.

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In this review we shall examine the current understanding of events that lead to the incipient formation of the early foam cell lesion in atherogenesis and its localization. Particular emphasis will be placed on the intimal transport mechanisms that lead to the growth of extracellular lipid liposomes in the intima, since there is now substantial evidence that this growth is the triggering event in the complex sequence of processes that leads to the recruitment of blood borne monocytes into the sub-endothelial intima and their subsequent conversion to macrophages. The role of the endothelium, intimal proteoglycans and internal elastic lamina (IEL) in modulating the transport of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in the subendothelial space will be analyzed and a new hypothesis for the co-localization of liposome formation, cellular level endothelial leakage and monocyte entry described. The possible modifications of LDL in the lipsomes that facilitate the conversion of monocytes into foam cells is summarized. We also discuss the fluid dynamic aspects of intimal transport and the relationship of fluid shear stress to the localization of cellular level endothelial leakage of LDL. The effect of fluid shear on other endothelial cell functions has been recently reviewed in [1].

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31

Shi, Yujiao, Xin Yu, Liu Liu, Tong Zhang, and Hongdong Li. "Optimal Feature Transport for Cross-View Image Geo-Localization." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 07 (2020): 11990–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6875.

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This paper addresses the problem of cross-view image geo-localization, where the geographic location of a ground-level street-view query image is estimated by matching it against a large scale aerial map (e.g., a high-resolution satellite image). State-of-the-art deep-learning based methods tackle this problem as deep metric learning which aims to learn global feature representations of the scene seen by the two different views. Despite promising results are obtained by such deep metric learning methods, they, however, fail to exploit a crucial cue relevant for localization, namely, the spatial layout of local features. Moreover, little attention is paid to the obvious domain gap (between aerial view and ground view) in the context of cross-view localization. This paper proposes a novel Cross-View Feature Transport (CVFT) technique to explicitly establish cross-view domain transfer that facilitates feature alignment between ground and aerial images. Specifically, we implement the CVFT as network layers, which transports features from one domain to the other, leading to more meaningful feature similarity comparison. Our model is differentiable and can be learned end-to-end. Experiments on large-scale datasets have demonstrated that our method has remarkably boosted the state-of-the-art cross-view localization performance, e.g., on the CVUSA dataset, with significant improvements for top-1 recall from 40.79% to 61.43%, and for top-10 from 76.36% to 90.49%. We expect the key insight of the paper (i.e., explicitly handling domain difference via domain transport) will prove to be useful for other similar problems in computer vision as well.

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32

Weaver, Richard. "Localization, Scaling, and Diffuse Transport of Wave Energy in Disordered Media." Applied Mechanics Reviews 49, no. 2 (1996): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3101886.

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The Anderson localization literature in structural acoustics has to date been concerned largely with applications to the vibrations of one dimensional structures, whether mono-coupled or multi-coupled, and to steady state responses in such systems. This paper presents a brief tutorial on the theory of wave localization in one and higher dimensions with an emphasis on the scaling theory of localization. It then reviews the acoustic and optical literature on wave localization with an emphasis on diffuse time domain responses to transient loads. Numerical and laboratory experiments demonstrating localization in higher dimensions and investigating the time-domain behavior of such systems are discussed. Scaling theory is shown to provide predictions for localization lengths in weakly disordered multi-coupled systems, and for localization lengths in weakly disordered two-dimensional systems as well. Theoretical arguments for rates of diffuse transport are contrasted with the experimental evidence. The paper concludes with a discussion of wave energy confinement in non-localizing disordered systems.

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Eichler, Catherine E., Hui Li, Michelle E. Grunberg, and Elizabeth R. Gavis. "Localization of oskar mRNA by agglomeration in ribonucleoprotein granules." PLOS Genetics 19, no. 8 (2023): e1010877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010877.

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Localization of oskar mRNA to the posterior of the Drosophila oocyte is essential for abdominal patterning and germline development. oskar localization is a multi-step process involving temporally and mechanistically distinct transport modes. Numerous cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors have been identified that mediate earlier motor-dependent transport steps leading to an initial accumulation of oskar at the posterior. Little is known, however, about the requirements for the later localization phase, which depends on cytoplasmic flows and results in the accumulation of large oskar ribonucleoprotein granules, called founder granules, by the end of oogenesis. Using super-resolution microscopy, we show that founder granules are agglomerates of smaller oskar transport particles. In contrast to the earlier kinesin-dependent oskar transport, late-phase localization depends on the sequence as well as on the structure of the spliced oskar localization element (SOLE), but not on the adjacent exon junction complex deposition. Late-phase localization also requires the oskar 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR), which targets oskar to founder granules. Together, our results show that 3′ UTR-mediated targeting together with SOLE-dependent agglomeration leads to accumulation of oskar in large founder granules at the posterior of the oocyte during late stages of oogenesis. In light of previous work showing that oskar transport particles are solid-like condensates, our findings indicate that founder granules form by a process distinct from that of well-characterized ribonucleoprotein granules like germ granules, P bodies, and stress granules. Additionally, they illustrate how an individual mRNA can be adapted to exploit different localization mechanisms depending on the cellular context.

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Serano, T. L., and R. S. Cohen. "Gratuitous mRNA localization in the Drosophila oocyte." Development 121, no. 9 (1995): 3013–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.9.3013.

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Many of the genes that control pattern formation in Drosophila encode mRNAs that are localized to discrete regions of the oocyte during oogenesis. While such localization is generally assumed to be important for the pattern-forming activities of these genes, this has been rigorously demonstrated in only a few cases. Here we address the role of mRNA localization for the dorsoventral patterning gene K10. K10 mRNA is localized to the oocyte's anterior cortex following its transport into the cell during early stages of oogenesis. We show that mutations in cappuccino and spire, which permit K10 mRNA transport, but prevent subsequent anterior localization, do not disrupt the synthesis or localization of K10 protein. We also show that modified K10 transgenes that produce transcripts which are uniformly distributed throughout the oocyte, or which are mislocalized to the oocyte's posterior pole, produce localized and functional K10 protein. We conclude that the anterior localization of K10 mRNA is not important for K10 protein targeting or gene function. We propose that the anterior localization of K10, and probably other mRNAs, is a by-product of mRNA transport and does not necessarily reflect a requirement for localization per se.

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Sangha, Vishal, Md Tozammel Hoque, Jeffrey Henderson, and Reina Bendayan. "Localization of the Folate Transport Systems in the Murine Central Nervous System." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (2021): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab049_035.

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Abstract Objectives Folates are critical for normal neurodevelopment, and folate transport in the brain is primarily mediated by folate receptor alpha (FRα) at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). However, studies have reported folate transporter/receptor expression in other brain compartments, which may significantly contribute to overall brain folate uptake. The objective of this study is to characterize the localization of the folate transport systems i.e., reduced folate carrier (RFC), proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT), and FRα in the mouse central nervous system, which will provide insight on novel routes of brain folate transport. In particular, folate transporter/receptor localization is examined at brain barriers [blood-brain barrier (BBB), BCSFB, arachnoid barrier (AB)] and in brain parenchyma (astrocytes, microglia, neurons). Methods The localization of RFC, PCFT and FRα was observed in the brains of C57BL6/N wildtype mice by applying immunohistochemistry (IHC). Mouse brains were isolated, and IHC was performed on frozen coronal sections. Transporter/receptor localization was examined at brain barriers (BBB, BCSFB, AB) and in brain parenchyma (astrocytes, neurons, microglia) using specific antibodies. Standard IHC markers were utilized to identify various brain compartments, with confocal microscopy used for imaging. Results At the mouse BBB and BCSFB, localization of RFC, PCFT and FRα was observed, which is consistent with previous reported data and our own work. At the AB, in astrocytes and neurons localization of RFC and PCFT (but not FRα) was observed. In microglia, no expression of the folate transporters or receptor was detected. Conclusions RFC and PCFT localization at the AB may represent a novel route of folate transport into the CSF, with transporter expression in neurons and astrocytes facilitating folate uptake into brain parenchyma cellular targets. Modulating folate transport at these brain compartments may provide a novel strategy in increasing brain folate uptake in disorders associated with defective FRα and impaired brain folate transport at the BCSFB. Funding Sources This work is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RB). VS is a recipient of several graduate scholarships.

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Lu, Wen, Margot Lakonishok, Anna S. Serpinskaya, David Kirchenbüechler, Shuo-Chien Ling, and Vladimir I. Gelfand. "Ooplasmic flow cooperates with transport and anchorage in Drosophila oocyte posterior determination." Journal of Cell Biology 217, no. 10 (2018): 3497–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201709174.

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The posterior determination of the Drosophila melanogaster embryo is defined by the posterior localization of oskar (osk) mRNA in the oocyte. Defects of its localization result in a lack of germ cells and failure of abdomen specification. A microtubule motor kinesin-1 is essential for osk mRNA posterior localization. Because kinesin-1 is required for two essential functions in the oocyte—transport along microtubules and cytoplasmic streaming—it is unclear how individual kinesin-1 activities contribute to the posterior determination. We examined Staufen, an RNA-binding protein that is colocalized with osk mRNA, as a proxy of posterior determination, and we used mutants that either inhibit kinesin-driven transport along microtubules or cytoplasmic streaming. We demonstrated that late-stage streaming is partially redundant with early-stage transport along microtubules for Staufen posterior localization. Additionally, an actin motor, myosin V, is required for the Staufen anchoring to the actin cortex. We propose a model whereby initial kinesin-driven transport, subsequent kinesin-driven streaming, and myosin V–based cortical retention cooperate in posterior determination.

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Heym, Roland G., Dennis Zimmermann, Franziska T. Edelmann, et al. "In vitro reconstitution of an mRNA-transport complex reveals mechanisms of assembly and motor activation." Journal of Cell Biology 203, no. 6 (2013): 971–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201302095.

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The assembly and composition of ribonucleic acid (RNA)–transporting particles for asymmetric messenger RNA (mRNA) localization is not well understood. During mitosis of budding yeast, the Swi5p-dependent HO expression (SHE) complex transports a set of mRNAs into the daughter cell. We recombinantly reconstituted the core SHE complex and assessed its properties. The cytoplasmic precomplex contains only one motor and is unable to support continuous transport. However, a defined interaction with a second, RNA-bound precomplex after its nuclear export dimerizes the motor and activates processive RNA transport. The run length observed in vitro is compatible with long-distance transport in vivo. Surprisingly, SHE complexes that either contain or lack RNA cargo show similar motility properties, demonstrating that the RNA-binding protein and not its cargo activates motility. We further show that SHE complexes have a defined size but multimerize into variable particles upon binding of RNAs with multiple localization elements. Based on these findings, we provide an estimate of number, size, and composition of such multimeric SHE particles in the cell.

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Maurya, Devendra Kumar, Staffan Bohm, and Mattias Alenius. "Hedgehog signaling regulates ciliary localization of mouse odorant receptors." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 44 (2017): E9386—E9394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708321114.

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The ciliary localization of odorant receptors (ORs) is evolutionary conserved and essential for olfactory transduction. However, how the transport of ORs is regulated in mammalian olfactory sensory neurons is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that odorant responsiveness and OR transport is regulated by the Hedgehog pathway. OR transport is inhibited by conditional gene inactivation of the Hedgehog signal mediator Smoothened (Smo) as well as by systemic administration of the Smo inhibitor vismodegib, a clinically used anticancer drug reported to distort smell perception in patients. The ciliary phenotype of Smo inhibition is haploinsufficient, cell autonomous, and correlates with the accumulation of OR-containing putative transport vesicles in the cytosol. The Smo-dependent OR transport route works in parallel with a low basal transport of vesicle containing both ORs and other olfactory transduction components. These findings both define a physiological function of Hedgehog signaling in olfaction and provide an important evolutionary link between olfaction and the requirement of a ciliary compartment for Hedgehog signaling.

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Pfeiffer, Rahel, Jan Loffing, Grégoire Rossier, et al. "Luminal Heterodimeric Amino Acid Transporter Defective in Cystinuria." Molecular Biology of the Cell 10, no. 12 (1999): 4135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.10.12.4135.

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Mutations of the glycoprotein rBAT cause cystinuria type I, an autosomal recessive failure of dibasic amino acid transport (b0,+ type) across luminal membranes of intestine and kidney cells. Here we identify the permease-like protein b0,+AT as the catalytic subunit that associates by a disulfide bond with rBAT to form a hetero-oligomeric b0,+amino acid transporter complex. We demonstrate its b0,+-type amino acid transport kinetics using a heterodimeric fusion construct and show its luminal brush border localization in kidney proximal tubule. These biochemical, transport, and localization characteristics as well as the chromosomal localization on 19q support the notion that the b0,+AT protein is the product of the gene defective in non-type I cystinuria.

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Reinecke, James, and Steve Caplan. "Endocytosis and the Src family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases." Biomolecular Concepts 5, no. 2 (2014): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2014-0003.

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AbstractThe regulated intracellular transport of nutrient, adhesion, and growth factor receptors is crucial for maintaining cell and tissue homeostasis. Endocytosis, or endocytic membrane trafficking, involves the steps of intracellular transport that include, but are not limited to, internalization from the plasma membrane, sorting in early endosomes, transport to late endosomes/lysosomes followed by degradation, and/or recycling back to the plasma membrane through tubular recycling endosomes. In addition to regulating the localization of transmembrane receptor proteins, the endocytic pathway also controls the localization of non-receptor molecules. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Src (Src) and its closely related family members Yes and Fyn represent three proteins whose localization and signaling activities are tightly regulated by endocytic trafficking. Here, we provide a brief overview of endocytosis, Src function and its biochemical regulation. We will then concentrate on recent advances in understanding how Src intracellular localization is regulated and how its subcellular localization ultimately dictates downstream functioning. As Src kinases are hyperactive in many cancers, it is essential to decipher the spatiotemporal regulation of this important family of tyrosine kinases.

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Schmalz, D., F. Hucho, and K. Buchner. "Nuclear import of protein kinase C occurs by a mechanism distinct from the mechanism used by proteins with a classical nuclear localization signal." Journal of Cell Science 111, no. 13 (1998): 1823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.111.13.1823.

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Protein kinase C does not have any known nuclear localization signal but, nevertheless, is redistributed from the cytoplasm to the nucleus upon various stimuli. In NIH 3T3 fibroblasts stimulation with phorbol ester leads to a translocation of protein kinase C alpha to the plasma membrane and into the cell nucleus. We compared the mechanism of protein kinase C alpha's transport into the nucleus with the transport mechanism of a protein with a classical nuclear localization signal at several steps. To this end, we co-microinjected fluorescently labeled bovine serum albumin to which a nuclear localization signal peptide was coupled, together with substances interfering with conventional nuclear protein import. Thereafter, the distribution of both the nuclear localization signal-bearing reporter protein and protein kinase C alpha was analyzed in the same cells. We can show that, in contrast to the nuclear localization signal-dependent transport, the phorbol ester-induced transport of protein kinase C alpha is not affected by microinjection of antibodies against the nuclear import factor p97/importin/karyopherin beta or microinjection of non-hydrolyzable GTP-analogs. This suggests that nuclear import of protein kinase C alpha is independent of p97/importin/karyopherin beta and independent of GTP. At the nuclear pore there are differences between the mechanisms too, since nuclear transport of protein kinase C alpha cannot be inhibited by wheat germ agglutinin or an antibody against nuclear pore complex proteins. Together these findings demonstrate that the nuclear import of protein kinase C alpha occurs by a mechanism distinct from the one used by classical nuclear localization signal-bearing proteins at several stages.

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HASE, Toshiharu. "Biosynthetic protein transport and localization in eucaryotic cells." Seibutsu Butsuri 28, no. 1 (1988): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.28.1.

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García de Polavieja, Gonzalo, Nicholas G. Fulton, and Jonathan Tennyson. "Quantum transport, recurrence and localization in H+ 3." Molecular Physics 87, no. 3 (1996): 651–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268979600100451.

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Ma, Dengke, Xiuling Li, and Lifa Zhang. "Tuning thermal transport via phonon localization in nanostructures." Chinese Physics B 29, no. 12 (2020): 126502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/abb7fa.

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MacCready, Parker, and Peter B. Rhines. "Meridional Transport across a Zonal Channel: Topographic Localization." Journal of Physical Oceanography 31, no. 6 (2001): 1427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1427:mtaazc>2.0.co;2.

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Blaise, Guy. "Charge localization and transport in disordered dielectric materials." Journal of Electrostatics 50, no. 2 (2001): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3886(00)00027-9.

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MacAskill, Andrew F., and Josef T. Kittler. "Control of mitochondrial transport and localization in neurons." Trends in Cell Biology 20, no. 2 (2010): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2009.11.002.

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Neve, Etienne P. A., and Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg. "Intracellular transport and localization of microsomal cytochrome P450." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 392, no. 6 (2008): 1075–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2200-z.

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Farina, K. "The nuclear connection in RNA transport and localization." Trends in Cell Biology 12, no. 10 (2002): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0962-8924(02)02357-7.

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Kosch, O., E. Osmanoglou, V. Hartman, et al. "INVESTIGATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRANSPORT BY MAGNETIC MARKER LOCALIZATION." Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering 47, s1b (2002): 506–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmte.2002.47.s1b.506.

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