Zeitschriftenartikel: „United Nations Institute for Namibia“

1

Haacke, Wilfrid. „Language Policy and Planning in Independent Namibia“. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (März 1994): 240–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002919.

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An advantage of Namibia's late attainment of independence is that it can benefit from the experience of other African countries that achieved independence some thirty years earlier. Hence Namibia is unique in that it is the only country in sub-Saharan Africa that at the time of attaining independence already provided for constitutional rights for its local languages. The major policy document of the then liberation movement SWAPO, Toward a language policy for an independent Namibia (United Nations Institute for Namibia 1981), which was published in Lusaka by the institute (UNIN) as proceedings of a seminar held in 1980, essentially set the trend for the policies pursued since independence in 1990.

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Gladun, E. „BRICS DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SOCIALLY RESPONSIVE ECONOMY“. BRICS Law Journal 5, Nr. 3 (13.10.2018): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2018-5-3-152-159.

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The 10th BRICS Academic Forum, consisting of scholars, think tanks and non-governmental organizations from Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, took place in Johannesburg, South Africa on 28–31 May 2018. The event was hosted jointly by the BRICS Think Tank Council (BTTC) and the South African BRICS Think Tank (SABTT) with the support of the South African government and the National Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIHSS) as the SABTT custodian and coordinator. Under South Africa’s direction as chair of BRICS, participation at the Academic Forum was extended to other African countries as part of the Africa Outreach Initiative: Angola, Burundi, Ethiopia, Gabon, Namibia, Uganda, Togo, Rwanda and Senegal accepted invitations. Participants commended the efforts made by China during its turn as chair of BRICS to promote BRICS cooperation and suggested working together to strengthen the three-wheel-driven areas of economy, peace and security, and people-to-people exchanges. For the final four days of May, Johannesburg became a vibrant intellectual capital offering for the Academic Forum participants much debate and discussion, plenary sessions and side events all united under the theme “Envisioning Inclusive Development Through a Socially Responsive Economy.” The 2018 Academic Forum focused on the topics most important for the BRICS group ranging from peace and security, energy, gender relations and health to regional integration. The Forum was a complete success with broad consensus and submitted a list of recommendations for the consideration of the leaders of BRICS.

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3

Junius, Andreas. „Der United Nations Council For Namibia“. Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 22, Nr. 4 (1989): 516–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-1989-4-516.

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4

Arts, Karin. „The Legal Status and Functioning of the United Nations Council for Namibia“. Leiden Journal of International Law 2, Nr. 2 (November 1989): 194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500001266.

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In 1966 the General Assembly of the United Nations revoked the Mandate over South West Africa (Namibia) and thus terminated South Africa's right to administer the territory. It furthermore placed Namibia under the direct responsibility of the United Nations. Administration of the territory was delegated by the General Assembly to a subsidiary organ, the UnitedNations Council for Namibia (UNCN). The author briefly describes the establishment, the structure, the functions and the powers of the Council. Special attention will be paid to questions concerning the legal status of the UNCN. Finally the major activities of the Council will be reviewed and appraised

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5

Melber, Henning. „Coming to Terms in Namibia“. Matatu 50, Nr. 2 (13.02.2020): 333–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-05002006.

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Abstract The South West African People’s Organisation (SWAPO of Namibia) had a unique status among anti-colonial movements. Fighting South Africa’s illegal occupation of South West Africa/Namibia, dubbed by the United Nations as a “trust betrayed,” it resorted to armed struggle in the 1960s. SWAPO was subsequently recognized as “the sole and authentic representative of the Namibian people” by a United Nations General Assembly resolution since the mid-1970s. The political culture in post-colonial Namibia is much characterized by the dominance of SWAPO as a former liberation movement and its official history. This paper summarizes the relevance of the armed struggle for the heroic narrative. It contrasts the glorification with some of the ‘hidden histories’ and trajectories related to some less documented realities of the armed struggle and its consequences which do not have much visibility in the official historiography. It thereby finally seeks to present a more nuanced picture by giving voice to some protagonists of a post-colonial political culture not considered as mainstream.

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Saunders, Christopher. „The Role of the United Nations in the Independence of Namibia“. History Compass 5, Nr. 3 (Mai 2007): 737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2007.00436.x.

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7

Olsson, Louise. „Gender mainstreaming in practice: The United Nations transitional assistance group in Namibia“. International Peacekeeping 8, Nr. 2 (Juni 2001): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13533310108413898.

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8

Cottrell, Jill. „The Constitution of Namibia: an Overview“. Journal of African Law 35, Nr. 1-2 (1991): 56–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300008366.

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Namibia finally achieved independence on 21 March, 1990, after a long struggle and many false hopes and setbacks. In a nutshell: the territory was colonized by Germany. It was seized by South African forces during the First World War, and then made the subject of a League of Nations Mandate, administered by South Africa, after the war. Following the Second World War, South Africa tried to incorporate the territory, a move resisted by the United Nations. In 1966 the International Court of Justice denied standing to Ethiopia and Liberia to allege breaches of the mandate. However, shortly thereafter the UN voted to terminate the mandate. At about the same time the South West African People's Organization (SWAPO) launched its armed struggle. South Africa's response to these developments was to implement plans for the closer integration of the territory into the South African state, and into the system of apartheid. As a result, a system of native authorities, based on ethnicity, was introduced.In 1975 the “Turnhalle” talks were started which, although rejected by most of the black groups, led to the establishment of a constituent Assembly. During the same period, a “Contract Group” of Western Nations began to negotiate with South Africa over a settlement for Namibia. The ultimate proposals were accepted by the UN, SWAPO and South Africa, and the plans were recognized by UN Resolution 435. But immediately thereafter problems began to arise, and talks about implementation stopped and started for a number of years.

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Romero de Terreros, Manuel. „Art of The United Nations, del Art Institute of Chicago“. Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas 4, Nr. 13 (30.07.2012): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iie.18703062e.1945.13.407.

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10

Han, Xiaofan, John Klinger, Patrick Snabes und Alice Li. „Namibia and the United Nations: A Turning Point in the Understanding of National Sovereignty“. Open Journal of Political Science 06, Nr. 04 (2016): 466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojps.2016.64039.

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11

Türkkaya, ATAÖV. „The United Nations Istanbul Seminar On The International Responsibility For The Independence Of Namibia“. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi 43, Nr. 1 (1988): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1501/sbfder_0000001499.

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12

Chibaya, Gwarega, Pragashnie Govender und Deshini Naidoo. „United Nations Convention on the Rights of Person with Disabilities (UNCRPD) Implementation: Perspectives of Persons with Disabilities in Namibia“. Occupational Therapy International 2021 (26.05.2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6693141.

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The Namibian government ratified the UNCRPD and its optional protocol in 2007 raising expectations that such a convention would fundamentally improve the lives of persons with disabilities. However, persons with disabilities continue to experience inequalities and violation of dignity. This study explores the impact of the UNCRPD as reflected on the lives of persons with disabilities in Namibia. An exploratory qualitative study with the use of photovoice and in-depth interviews was conducted in Omusati and Khomas regions, Namibia. Persons with disabilities ( n = 31 ) were recruited via purposive sampling, of which n = 25 participants were engaged in three focus group discussions. Participants employed in the disability sector ( n = 6 ) were engaged in in-depth interviews. Data were thematically analysed. The study findings revealed the inadequacy of disability rights information dissemination and continued barriers to inclusivity of persons with disabilities. Stigma, discrimination, limited financial opportunities, weak political support, and limited accessibility to physical infrastructure caused barriers to inclusivity. However, opportunities to advance the UNCRPD were also identified. There is a need for the disability sector to build on identified institutional facilitators to advance disability rights through mobilisation of local resources, communities, and government to redress the challenges identified in Namibia.

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Karns, Margaret P. „Ad hoc multilateral diplomacy: the United States, the Contact Group, and Namibia“. International Organization 41, Nr. 1 (1987): 93–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300000758.

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In April 1977 the United States and four other major Western governments embarked on a unique diplomatic exercise in the hope of negotiating an agreement for the independence of the territory of Namibia, or South West Africa. The “Contact Group” as it became known (or Western Five), consisting of the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Canada, and the Federal Republic of Germany, functioned actively from April 1977 until mid-1982 as an ad hoc multilateral mediating and facilitating team in close proximity to but not directly linked with the United Nations. The five countries secured basic agreement in 1978 on a plan calling for UN supervised elections for a constituent assembly in the territory leading to early independence and the appointment of a UN special representative to ensure the necessary conditions for such elections.

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14

Knox, John. „Qiu v. Secretary-General of the United Nations“. American Journal of International Law 85, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1991): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203275.

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In September 1984, the UN Secretary-General (Respondent) offered five-year fixed-term contracts as interpreters to Rong Qiu, Kefu Zhou, and Jiping Yao (Applicants), who had just completed the UN training course for interpreters at the Beijing Institute of Foreign Languages. The letters of appointment accepted by the Applicants stated that they were “on secondment from the Government of China.” They received very good performance ratings, and in the spring of 1989 their department recommended that they be offered probationary, career-track appointments when their contracts expired.

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15

Simon, David. „Decolonisation and Local Government in Namibia: the Neo-Apartheid Plan, 1977–83“. Journal of Modern African Studies 23, Nr. 3 (September 1985): 507–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00057207.

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Namibia is distinctive in Africa for at least three significant reasons. First of all, it remains the continent's last colony in defiance of world opinion and the United Nations. Secondly, it has experienced Africa's longest armed liberation struggle apart from South Africa, with no end yet in sight. Thirdly, and most importantly, that conflict is not being waged against some distant metropolitan power, but Namibia's dominant and pariah neighbour. Just as this geographical contiguity has facilitated South African attempts to retain control over Namibia, it seems certain to impose severe constraints on the scope for pursuing independent policies once Namibian sovereignty is finally achieved.

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CHESTERMAN, SIMON. „International Territorial Administration and the Limits of Law“. Leiden Journal of International Law 23, Nr. 2 (27.04.2010): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156510000130.

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The year 2009 was one of many anniversaries for the state-building project. It marked ten years since the United Nations began its bold experiments of state-building in East Timor and Kosovo, now the independent state of Timor-Leste and the embryonic Republic of Kosovo respectively. It was twenty years since Namibia held elections in the course of becoming independent, heralding a new post-Cold War activism. It was also ninety years since the League of Nations established the mandate system, which – even though it applied only to the colonies of enemy states defeated in the Great War – marked the beginning of the end of colonialism.

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17

Sinjela, Mpazi. „THE ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS TRANSITION ASSISTANCE GROUP (UNTAG) IN THE INDEPENDENCE PROCESS OF NAMIBIA“. African Yearbook of International Law Online / Annuaire Africain de droit international Online 1, Nr. 1 (1993): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221161793x00035.

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Hajnal, Peter I. „The United Nations and other International Organizations: Sources of Information—A Selected List“. International Journal of Legal Information 19, Nr. 2 (1991): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500007101.

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Peter I. Hajnal, the Government Publications Specialist at the University of Toronto and the author of many reference books and articles relating to the publications of international organizations, has compiled a list of 110 publications he believes to be currently the best, and most useful sources of information produced by international organizations in general and the United Nations and its specialized agencies in particular, as well as books written about such organizations and their publications.This list was originally prepared for the Conference on the United Nations: Law and Legal Research sponsored by and conducted at the Institute for Comparative and International Legal Research, Center for International Legal Studies, St. Mary's University School of Law, San Antonio, Texas. At this important conference, which took place on February 20–22, 1991, a number of specialists discussed different aspects of the United Nations and described the publications, as well as other information activities, of the United Nations and its specialized agencies. Mr. Peter I. Hajnal spoke about United Nations publications. In conjunction with his lecture he distributed to the participants of the conference the excellent list reproduced below. The list is published with the kind permission of its author and Professor Robert L. Summers, Jr., the Director of Training at the Institute for Comparative and International Legal Research, St. Mary's University School of Law.

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Sharley, Victoria, Janetta Ananias, Alyson Rees und Emmerita Leonard. „Child Neglect in Namibia: Emerging Themes and Future Directions“. British Journal of Social Work 49, Nr. 4 (24.04.2019): 983–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz043.

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Abstract This article initiates the conversation on the conceptualisation of child neglect in Namibia, reporting findings from a small study undertaken in 2017. The research is a collaboration between academics at the University of Namibia, Africa, University of Bristol and Cardiff University in the UK. The study is the first of its kind in Namibia, offering original knowledge about what constitutes neglect for children in the local context of child-rearing practice. Qualitative interviews with practitioners in schools and social-care organisations were undertaken in three of the fourteen political regions of Namibia. Interviews ascertained participants’ thoughts and understandings of child neglect at individual and community levels. Teenage pregnancy and substance misuse emerged as central to the conceptualisation of neglect within the local context, with a tension between Western and indigenous child-rearing practices. This article offers rich insights into the social construction of child neglect amongst indigenous communities in Namibia, identifying a need for knowledge gathering into broader aspects of child health and well-being within Namibia’s diverse indigenous peoples. The authors call for future co-produced research, which engages local communities and stakeholders in investigating this issue, to improve the health and well-being of Namibian children in congruence with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

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Wagner, Edith. „The Rule of Law and Its Application to the United Nations: Conference Report“. Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online 18, Nr. 1 (2014): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757413-00180009.

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The rule of law applies to the United Nations and should guide all its activities. As promising as this key statement of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 67/1 may sound, its meaning is not entirely clear. How is the rule of law to be defined, and what is its legal basis at the international level? What does the rule of law mean for the different activities of the United Nations with external effects such as sanctions, peacekeeping and development, what for its internal administration and justice system? The conference on the Rule of Law and Its Application to the United Nations held at the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg on 11–12 September 2014 addressed these questions inter alia and took a comprehensive look at Resolution 67/1. The conference provided both the academic perspective and the reality of practice due to the participation of various practitioners and United Nations officials.

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Willemot, Yves. „Namibië Drie Jaar Later: Politiek Ontvoogd Maar Economisch Wankel“. Afrika Focus 8, Nr. 3-4 (02.02.1992): 179–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0080304002.

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Namibia, After Three Years : Political Independent but Economic Unstable Namibia became independent on the 21st of March 1990, after seventy-five years of South African colonial and racial rule. SW APO fought a long war for liberation, but the independence was also gained thanks to the diplomatic pressure from the United Nations. The United Nations were actively involved in the organisation of the first free elections which were held on the 7th of November 1989. The SW APO liberation movement became by far the most important political party in the Namibian Parliament. But from the beginning the SWAPO-leaders explained that the past should be forgotten. They promoted a constructive political and economic collaboration with all Namibians, African and European. Due to this atmosphere of reconciliation Namibia had a successful political independence. One of the world's most progressive constitutions was written. It ends all racial discrimination and guarantees an extensive review of the human rights. The rules for the organisation of the legislative, executive and judiciary power are respected by all political parties. Namibia is without any doubt an example for a lot of African countries, which are now making steps towards democracy and multi-partyism. The Namibian government has still a lot of problems to deal with. The major ones are the social and economic inequalities that still exist between African and European Namibians. The conditions of life of the European Namibians are comparable to these in modern western societies, while African Namibians are living in poverty. The government will have to change this, because in the long term one cannot expect to build democracy on empty stomachs. But in order to realize the necessary economic growth, Namibians are also counting on the support and the investments from abroad. A member of government recently said: “Now we’ve installed democracy and the human rights are respected, where are the foreign investments and the international aid?”

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Siekmann, Robert. „The Development of the United Nations Law Concerning Peace-Keeping Operations“. Leiden Journal of International Law 5, Nr. 2 (Oktober 1992): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s092215650000251x.

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Especially as a consequence of the termination of the Cold War, the détente in the relations between East en West (Gorbachev's ‘new thinking’ in foreign policy matters) and, finally, the disappearance of the Soviet Union, the number of UN peace-keeping operations substantially increased in recent years. One could even speak of a ‘proliferation’. Until 1988 the number of operations was twelve (seven peace-keeping forces: UNEF ‘I’ and ‘II’, ONUC, UNHCYP, UNSF (West New Guinea), UNDOF AND UNIFIL; and five military observer missions: UNTSO, UNMOGIP, UNOGIL, UNYOM and UNIPOM). Now, three forces and seven observer missions can be added. The forces are MINURSO (West Sahara), UNTAC (Cambodia) and UNPROFOR (Yugoslavia); the observer groups: UNGOMAP (Afghanistan/Pakistan), UNIIMOG (Iran/Iraq), UNAVEM ‘I’ and ‘II’ (Angola), ONUCA (Central America), UNIKOM (Iraq/Kuwait) and ONUSAL (El Salvador). UNTAG (Namibia), which was established in 1978, could not become operational until 1989 as a result of the new political circumstances in the world. So, a total of twenty-three operations have been undertaken, of which almost fifty percent was established in the last five years, whereas the other half was the result of decisions taken by the United Nations in the preceding forty years (UNTSO dates back to 1949). In the meantime, some ‘classic’ operations are being continued (UNTSO, UNMOGIP, UNFICYP, UNDOF, and UNIFIL), whereas some ‘modern’ operations already have been terminated as planned (UNTAG, UNGOMAP, UNIIMOG, UNAVEM ‘I’ and ‘II’, and ONUCA). At the moment (July 1992) eleven operations are in action – the greatest number in the UN history ever.

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Santos, Pedro Pinto dos. „Título da página electrónica: United Nations University – Institute for Environment and Human Security“. Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais, Nr. 93 (01.06.2011): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rccs.1413.

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Minoura, Satoshi. „Sustainable Development of Offender Treatment Policy in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Countries“. International Annals of Criminology 55, Nr. 2 (November 2017): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cri.2018.2.

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AbstractThe United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (UNAFEI) promotes community corrections through technical assistance for developing countries based on the United Nations policies related to offender treatment policy, particularly the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-Custodial Measures and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Still, many Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries suffer from prison overcrowding and some of them largely rely on “imprisonment” as a single solution. This is due, in part, to the underdeveloped state of community corrections in many of these countries. Therefore, this paper considers the sustainable development of offender treatment for the effective prevention of recidivism through the analysis of the relationship between social conditions and the status of imprisonment in Asia.

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CRAIG, GARY. „United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (2010), Combating Poverty and Inequality: Structural Change, Social Policy and Politics. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. $45, pp. 360, pbk.“ Journal of Social Policy 40, Nr. 4 (04.07.2011): 871–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279411000493.

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McCullough, J. Mac, Matthew Speer, Sanne Magnan, Jonathan E. Fielding, David Kindig und Steven M. Teutsch. „Reduction in US Health Care Spending Required to Meet the Institute of Medicine’s 2030 Target“. American Journal of Public Health 110, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2020): 1735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305793.

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Objectives. To quantify changes in US health care spending required to reach parity with high-resource nations by 2030 or 2040 and identify historical precedents for these changes. Methods. We analyzed multiple sources of historical and projected spending from 1970 through 2040. Parity was defined as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) median or 90th percentile for per capita health care spending. Results. Sustained annual declines of 7.0% and 3.3% would be required to reach the median of other high-resource nations by 2030 and 2040, respectively (3.2% and 1.3% to reach the 90th percentile). Such declines do not have historical precedent among US states or OECD nations. Conclusions. Traditional approaches to reducing health care spending will not enable the United States to achieve parity with high-resource nations; strategies to eliminate waste and reduce the demand for health care are essential. Public Health Implications. Excess spending reduces the ability of the United States to meet critical public health needs and affects the country’s economic competitiveness. Rising health care spending has been identified as a threat to the nation’s health. Public health can add voices, leadership, and expertise for reversing this course.

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Ali, Shanti Sadiq. „United Nations' Role in South Africa: Constraints and Possible Options“. India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 42, Nr. 3 (Juli 1986): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492848604200301.

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The principle of the elimination of racism and racial discrimination, of which apartheid is an institutionalised form, has become one of the cornerstones of the international community's concerns. As the community's watchdog, the United Nations has accorded, a high priority to this principle. Article 56 of the United Nations Charter stipulates thatbn ‘all members pledge themselves to take joint action in cooperation with the Organisation for the achievement of the purposes set forth in Article 55’, which includes ‘universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.’ Equally, the concern of the international community has been evident in the progressive evolution of the General Assembly's recommendations, resolutions and decisions, of the relevant international instruments, of its policy of sanctions, albeit by no means satisfactory, and the prominence this principle receives in various UN organs and activities, in particular the programmes undertaken under the Decade for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination. However, the supportive role of the United Nations in the struggle being waged against apartheid within South Africa and Namibia, highly commendable though it is, has unfortunately been considerably weakened by the lack of consensus in dealing with systematic violations of international norms by the Pretoria regime for the maintenance of apartheid, as well as over the strategies to be adopted to resist this unjust and oppressive system. In the specific context of the present structure of the United Nations, particularly the powers given to the Security Council, these divergencies are found to be major constraints as they have the inevitable impact of impeding enforcement measures. As a consequence today, the continuing gulf between international law and reality threatens the very credibility of the world organisation especially as far as its human rights policies with regard to South Africa are concerned. The struggle within the United Nations system against apartheid, inevitably slow moving, nonetheless continues as can be seen from the evolution of measures taken. It will also be seen that the world body, undeterred by persistent disagreements over principle, its interpretation and enforcement, continues to explore possible options in shaping policies to be able to deal more effectively with the scourge of apartheid and thereby strengthen the ethical foundations of the international community and a civilised system of peaceful coexistence. The situation, therefore, though highly complicated, is not entirely hopeless. On the contrary there is room for optimism that meaningful consequences will emerge from these efforts of the United Nations to eliminate apartheid as well as to bring about a qualitative change in and protection of a whole range of human rights.

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Laki, Mihály, und Beáta Huszka. „Book Reviews“. Acta Oeconomica 54, Nr. 3 (01.11.2004): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.54.2004.3.6.

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R. J. McIntyre and B. Dallago (eds): Small and Medium Enterprises in Transitional Economies. Palgrave Macmillan in association with the United Nations University / World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2003, 259 pp. (Reviewed by Mihály Laki); S. S. Bhalla: Imagine There's No Country. Poverty, Inequality, and Growth in the Era of Globalisation. Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 2002, 248 pp. (Reviewed by Beáta Huszka)

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Abella, Manolo I. „Introduction“. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3, Nr. 1 (März 1994): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300101.

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The articles that are contained in this special issue of APMJ came from papers commissioned by the ILO and presented at the Conference on Turning Points in International Labour Migration in April 1993, co organized with the Korea Labor Institute and the United Nations University.

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James, Alan. „Peacekeeping and keeping the peace“. Review of International Studies 15, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1989): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500112793.

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Suddenly, in the summer of 1988, the United Nations was in the news. Positively. The process had got under way earlier in the year with the little-noticed (at the time) provision of UN military observers to watch over the Afghan-Pakistani agreements and the associated withdrawal of the Soviet Union from Afghanistan. Then it was discovered that, after a ten-year hiatus, the UN might soon be called upon to implement the plan for its involvement in the accession to independence of Namibia, as South Africa seemed to be preparing to leave. There had been too many false all-clears on this particular front for it to be confidently assumed that the South Africans would in fact go.

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Hecht, Gabrielle. „Africa and the Nuclear World: Labor, Occupational Health, and the Transnational Production of Uranium“. Comparative Studies in Society and History 51, Nr. 4 (17.09.2009): 896–926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041750999017x.

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What is Africa's place in the nuclear world? In 1995, a U.S. government report on nuclear proliferation did not mark Gabon, Niger, or Namibia as having any “nuclear activities.” Yet these same nations accounted for over 25 percent of world uranium production that year, and helped fuel nuclear power plants in Europe, the United States, and Japan. Experts had long noted that workers in uranium mines were “exposed to higher amounts of internal radiation than … workers in any other segment of the nuclear energy industry.” What, then, does it mean for a workplace, a technology, or a nation to be “nuclear?” What is at stake in that label, and how do such stakes vary by time and place?

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Bertucci, Guido, und Adriana Alberti. „The United Nations Programme in Public Administration: reinventing itself to help reinvent public administration“. International Review of Administrative Sciences 71, Nr. 2 (Juni 2005): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852305053891.

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In a world that is changing rapidly and constantly, public administration needs to be able to respond as rapidly and as effectively as possible to new challenges and priorities. The process of reinvention and revitalization requires vision, knowledge and capacity. The same qualities are required from the United Nations if they are to assist developing countries and countries with economies in transition effectively in their efforts to reform public administration. This article provides an historical excursus of how the conception of the role of the state has changed in the past decades and its impact on developing countries; how instrumental the United Nations was in re-establishing awareness of the role of public administration in development, and the significant preparatory work done in this area by the International Institute of Administrative Sciences (IIAS). The article also illustrates how the United Nations Programme in Public Administration has reinvented itself in order to help reinvent government and singles out some of the emerging challenges in the field of public administration.

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Shearer, Walter. „The United Nations University Institute for Software Technology: A new research and training centre in Macau“. Information Technology for Development 5, Nr. 2 (Juni 1990): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681102.1990.9627194.

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Evans, Graham. „A New Small State With a Powerful Neighbour: Namibia/South Africa Relations Since Independence“. Journal of Modern African Studies 31, Nr. 1 (März 1993): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00011848.

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Namibiagained independence on 21 March 1990 after 106 years of colonial rule, first under Germany and then for 76 years under South Africa. As a consequence, throughout the greater part of the twentieth century the South West Africa/Namibia issue has been a constant item on the political and legal agendas of the international community, primary because of its ‘double-victim’ status as unwilling host to both imperial conquest andapartheid. Not unnaturally the independence process when it finally came, was widely hailed as a triumph for the United Nations and the ‘new political thinking’ that signalled the end of the cold war and the tentative (no more than that) beginnings of a ‘new world order’. Thus, sub-Sahara's last colony was also the first to proceed to self-determination unsullied by the need to define its existence in terms of superpower bipolarity. At the systemic level at least, the new state began with a virtual blank sheet, as well as a great deal of international goodwill and bonhomie.

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Dunaiski und Denning. „Estimated Burden of Fungal Infections in Namibia“. Journal of Fungi 5, Nr. 3 (16.08.2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof5030075.

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Namibia is a sub-Saharan country with one of the highest HIV infection rates in the world. Although care and support services are available that cater for opportunistic infections related to HIV, the main focus is narrow and predominantly aimed at tuberculosis. We aimed to estimate the burden of serious fungal infections in Namibia, currently unknown, based on the size of the population at risk and available epidemiological data. Data were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), and published reports. When no data existed, risk populations were used to estimate the frequencies of fungal infections, using the previously described methodology. The population of Namibia in 2011 was estimated at 2,459,000 and 37% were children. Among approximately 516,390 adult women, recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (≥4 episodes /year) is estimated to occur in 37,390 (3003/100,000 females). Using a low international average rate of 5/100,000, we estimated 125 cases of candidemia, and 19 patients with intra-abdominal candidiasis. Among survivors of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Namibia 2017, 112 new cases of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) are likely, a prevalence of 354 post-TB and a total prevalence estimate of 453 CPA patients in all. Asthma affects 11.2% of adults, 178,483 people, and so allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS) were estimated in approximately 179/100,000 and 237/100,000 people, respectively. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is estimated to affect 15 patients following leukaemia therapy, and an estimated 0.13% patients admitted to hospital with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (259) and 4% of HIV-related deaths (108) — a total of 383 people. The total HIV-infected population is estimated at 200,000, with 32,371 not on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Among HIV-infected patients, 543 cases of cryptococcal meningitis and 836 cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia are estimated each year. Tinea capitis infections were estimated at 53,784 cases, and mucormycosis at five cases. Data were missing for fungal keratitis and skin neglected fungal tropical diseases such as mycetoma. The present study indicates that approximately 5% of the Namibian population is affected by fungal infections. This study is not an epidemiological study—it illustrates estimates based on assumptions derived from similar studies. The estimates are incomplete and need further epidemiological and diagnostic studies to corroborate, amend them, and improve the diagnosis and management of these diseases.

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Schumm, Walter R., Farrell J. Webb, Anthony P. Jurich und Stephan R. Bollman. „Comments on the Institute of Medicine's 2002 Report on the Safety of Anthrax Vaccine“. Psychological Reports 91, Nr. 1 (August 2002): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.1.187.

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In April 2002, the prestigious Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences issued a final report on the safety and effectiveness of the anthrax vaccine currently in use by the United States military. It concluded that the present vaccine was completely safe and effective, but ignored evidence of several recent research studies from three different nations that have implicated vaccines, often including anthrax vaccine, in the epidemiology of Gulf War illnesses. Omissions and limitations of that report are discussed.

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Хабриева, Талия, und Taliya Khabriyeva. „THE UN ANTI-CORRUPTION CONFERENCE IN 2015 IN RUSSIA: NEW APPROACHES AND IDEAS“. Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 1, Nr. 6 (07.02.2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17172.

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The present article is devoted to the analysis of the main approaches and ideas in the field of partnership between the state and business in countering corruption pronounced at the side-event of VI session of the United Nations Anti-Corruption Conference which took place on November 2—6, 2015 in St. Petersburg. The side-event was co-organized by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation which performs functions of coordinating scientific and methodological support in fighting corruption. Participants of the side-event elaborated decisions which determine the trajectory of international and national efforts in the sphere of corruption and criminalization of corruption offenses’ prevention, recovery of stolen assets and rendering anti-corruption technical assistance.

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Godecki, Anita. „UNITAR Summer Institute on Global Issues Facing the United Nations: Strengthening Respect for the Rule of Law“. Chinese Journal of International Law 4, Nr. 2 (01.01.2005): 751–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chinesejil/jmi038.

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Poland, C. D., und S. M. Alcocer. „International Visions and Goals for the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute“. Earthquake Spectra 19, Nr. 2 (Mai 2003): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1573661.

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The Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) has recently added public advocacy for seismic safety to its rich history of facilitating the discussion amongst earthquake scientists and engineers. In recognition of its unique role as the authoritative source for information in the United States, EERI also seeks to partner with other nations to develop information for use worldwide. In 2002, EERI began forming cooperation agreements with organizations in other countries that encourage the exchange of information, collaborative efforts in learning from earthquakes, joint memberships, development of mitigation tools and techniques, and access to seminars, conferences, and technical publications. The ultimate goal of the program is to arrest the growth of seismic vulnerability worldwide and thereby save lives, protect capital investments, and minimize economic impacts.

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Poland, C. D., und S. M. Alcocer. „International visions and goals for the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute“. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 36, Nr. 2 (30.06.2003): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.36.2.103-107.

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The Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) has recently added public advocacy for seismic safety to its rich history of facilitating the discussion amongst earthquake scientists and engineers. In recognition of its unique role as the authoritative source for information in the United States, EERI also seeks to partner with other nations to develop information for use worldwide. In 2002, EERI began forming cooperation agreements with organizations in other countries that encourage the exchange of information, collaborative efforts in learning from earthquakes, joint memberships, development of mitigation tools and techniques, and access to seminars, conferences, and technical publications. The ultimate goal of the program is to arrest the growth of seismic vulnerability worldwide and thereby save lives, protect capital investments, and minimize economic impacts.

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Pazzanita, Anthony G. „Morocco versus Polisario: a Political Interpretation“. Journal of Modern African Studies 32, Nr. 2 (Juni 1994): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00012751.

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By 1994 Africa had only one major unresolved colonial question. Namibia and Eritrea having acquired their independence in March 1990 and May 1993 respectively, the former Spanish colony of Western Sahara remains controlled by the Kingdom of Morocco (as it has since 1975), despite the expenditure of thousands of human lives, billions of dollars, and strenuous diplomatic efforts to resolve the dispute through the Organisation of African Unity (O.A.U.) and the United Nations. Both Morocco, under the monarchical régime of King Hassan II, and the Frente popular para la Liberación de Saguia el-Hamra y Río de Oro (Polisario Front) composed of Saharawis dedicated to the establishment of an independent Saharan Arab Democratic Republic (S.A.D.R.), have found each other far more resourceful and less willing to compromise than they could possibly have surmised almost two decades ago.

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Propp, Kenneth. „The United Nations and International Business. By Sidney Dell. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1990. Published for the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR). Pp. x, 191. Index. $29.95.“ American Journal of International Law 85, Nr. 2 (April 1991): 398–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203081.

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Bekker, Peter H. F. „The 1996 Judicial Activity of the International Court of Justice“. American Journal of International Law 91, Nr. 3 (Juli 1997): 554–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2954192.

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This Note summarizes the judicial work of the International Court of Justice during 1996, using the updated General List, pleadings filed, Orders and Judgments given and hearings held at the Peace Palace in The Hague to describe the Court’s current record.During the calendar year 1996, the Court was seized of one new contentious case: Kasikili/Sedudu Island (Botswana/Namibia). In 1996 a total of eleven cases appeared on the General List. Besides the new case referred to, the contentious proceedings before the full Court were Aerial Incident of 3 July 1988 (Iran v. United States), Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain, Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention Arising from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie (Libya v. United Kingdom) and (Libya v. United States), Oil Platforms (Iran v. United States), Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Yugoslavia), Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary/Slovakia), Fisheries Jurisdiction (Spain v. Canada), and Land and Maritime Boundary (Cameroon v. Nigeria). Advisory proceedings were concluded in Legality of the Use by a State of Nuclear Weapons in Armed Conflict (request for an advisory opinion by the World Health Organization) and Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons (request for an advisory opinion by the General Assembly of the United Nations).

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Syp, Alina. „Emisje gazów cieplarnianych z rolnictwa w latach 1990-2014“. Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 17(32), Nr. 2 (30.06.2017): 244–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2017.17.2.43.

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Agriculture is the second, after energy sector, emitter of greenhouse gasses (GHG), of which increased concentrations in the atmosphere are caused by human activities. In order to reduce GHG, parties ratifying the Kioto protocol have committed to prepare annual emission reports and pledged to reduce emissions. The aim of the study was to analyse changes of agricultural emissions in the World, the European Union (EU) and Poland in 1990-2014. The research uses the United Nations Food and Agricultural database (FAOSTAT), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Chang (UNFCCC) and World Resources Institute (CAIT) databases. The analysis shows that in the World, in the examined period the total GHG emissions increased by 85%, whereas in agriculture by 15%. However, the EU as a member of Annex I parties had reduced total and agricultural emissions by 24% and 23%, respectively. The reduction of emissions was the result of the implementation of pro-environmental regulations.

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Antoshin, Alexey V., und Yulia V. Zapariy. „The United Nations as an Institute of Global Governance: A View of Russian Emigrants (Mid-1940s – Early 1950s)“. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, Nr. 446 (September 2019): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/446/14.

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Fauque, Danielle, und Brigitte Van Tiggelen. „Rebuilding IUPAC after WWII“. Chemistry International 41, Nr. 3 (01.07.2019): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ci-2019-0308.

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Abstract The League of Nations’ failure to ensure global peace by solving conflicts through diplomatic and peaceful means prompted Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill to discuss the creation of a more efficient international organization as soon as the Second World War erupted. These preliminary efforts led to the signing of the Charter of the United Nations (UN) in San Francisco in 1945. In January 1946, the first general UN assembly took place, along with the Security Council and the Economic and Social Council. The latter created several international bodies, among them UNESCO. At first, UNESCO seemed to be the continuation of the International Institute for the Intellectual Cooperation (IIIC) coupled with the International Commission for the Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC), but was actually based on new rules [1].

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Kratcoski, Peter C., Mag Maximilian Edelbacher und Dilip K. Das. „Terrorist Victimization: Prevention, Control and Recovery“. International Review of Victimology 8, Nr. 3 (September 2001): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975800100800302.

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An Ancillary Meeting on the topic of ‘Terrorist Victimization: Prevention, Control, and Recovery’ was held at the United Nations Center in Vienna, Austria on Wednesday, April 12, 2000 in conjunction with the Tenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders. The Congress focused on ‘Crime and Justice: Meeting the Challenges of the 21 st Century.’ The Ancillary Meeting was sponsored by the State University of New York, Plattsburgh, USA and chaired by Dr. Dilip K. Das, Professor in the Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice at that University. The speakers included Alex P. Schmid, Officer-in-Charge, Terrorism Prevention Branch, United Nations; George H. Millard, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Dr. Ely Karmon, Senior Research Scholar, International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism, Kerzlyia, Israel; and Dr. Harvey W. Kushner, Professor and Chair, Department of Criminal Justice and Security Administration, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, USA. Other presentations were made by Dr. David Rapoport, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Niles Lathem, The New York Post, Washington, D.C., USA, Arvind Verma, Department of Criminal Justice, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA, Dr. S. Subramanian, Raghavendra Nagar Shvrampally, Hyderabad, India, George Ballard, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, USA and Boaz Ganor, International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism, Herzlyia, Israel. In the presentations by speakers from Europe, North America, North Africa, the Middle East, Asia and South America and in the ensuing discussions, a wide variety of issues, concerns, and prevention strategies were covered in a global framework, and also applied to situations in specific countries and continents. The papers and the sessions focused on a number of themes, including an assessment of the main contemporary trends in terrorism, the politicalization of terrorism, the effects that terrorism has on primary and secondary victims, the linkage of terrorism with organized crime, and the measures that governments, international organizations, and justice agencies can take to curtail and eradicate terrorism, including international cooperative efforts.

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Roberts, Adam. „Resistance to Military Occupation: An Enduring Problem in International Law“. AJIL Unbound 111 (2017): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2017.22.

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The fiftieth anniversary of Israel's occupation of certain Arab-inhabited territories following its victory in the June 1967 war is a good time to reflect on the question of how international law addresses resistance to military occupation. This issue—and its counterpart, the rights of an occupying power vis-à-vis resistance—has arisen repeatedly in connection with this occupation. It has been at the center of polemical debates involving Israel, neighboring states, and the Palestine Liberation Organization, in a wide range of international fora including the United Nations. It has also arisen in numerous other conflicts in the past half-century, including in Namibia before it achieved independence in 1990, and in Iraq following the 2003 U.S.-led intervention. The legal focus of this contribution is on the jus in bello. Certain jus ad bellum and human rights issues raised by occupation and resistance that inevitably intrude at certain points will be mentioned in passing.

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Arumugam, Dr Anbu. „“National Institute for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog and Achieving Gender Equality in the Sustainable Development Framework by the year 2030”“. Think India 22, Nr. 3 (26.09.2019): 904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8426.

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This research paper aims to study the role of the National Institute for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of Women in India with special focus on the Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs) number 5 – Gender Equality. The 70th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) formally adopted the resolution on “Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) comprises of 17 goals and 169 targets and came into force on 1st of January 2016. The Government of India (GOI) has appointed the NITI Aayog as the nodal agency for overseeing the implementation of the SDGs in India. (United Nations, 2015) In India only 59.3% women are literate when compared to 78.8% of men whereas there is 100% enrolment in primary education only 75.5% of girls progress for higher education. In the Indian Parliament only 11% of women hold seats in both houses namely Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. In the sub-national level women hold only 8.7% of seats across the State Legislative Assemblies in India. The sex-ratio at birth is 919 girls for every 100 boys as per the 2011 Census of India. In India 48.5% of the population are women but only 27.4% of women are in the workforce in the country. (Social Statistics Division MoSPI, GOI, 2017)

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Arumugam, Dr Anbu. „“National Institute for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog and Achieving Gender Equality in the Sustainable Development Framework by the year 2030”“. Think India 22, Nr. 3 (25.09.2019): 904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8427.

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This research paper aims to study the role of the National Institute for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of Women in India with special focus on the Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs) number 5 – Gender Equality. The 70th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) formally adopted the resolution on “Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) comprises of 17 goals and 169 targets and came into force on 1st of January 2016. The Government of India (GOI) has appointed the NITI Aayog as the nodal agency for overseeing the implementation of the SDGs in India. (United Nations, 2015) In India only 59.3% women are literate when compared to 78.8% of men whereas there is 100% enrolment in primary education only 75.5% of girls progress for higher education. In the Indian Parliament only 11% of women hold seats in both houses namely Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. In the sub-national level women hold only 8.7% of seats across the State Legislative Assemblies in India. The sex-ratio at birth is 919 girls for every 100 boys as per the 2011 Census of India. In India 48.5% of the population are women but only 27.4% of women are in the workforce in the country. (Social Statistics Division MoSPI, GOI, 2017)

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