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1
Rohin, Rohullah. „TeachingEnglishin large classes in Afghanistan : Obstacles in Upper Secondary Schools Rohullah Rohin“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-32346.
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Teaching in schools of Afghanistan experience varied challenges. One of them is teaching in large classes. Large Class (LC) is relating to the number of the students per teacher not the size of the classroom. The large classes (overcrowded classes) are discovered in developing countries. Many studies proved that large class has negative impact on teaching and learning. Although, it is difficult for teachers to control and manage LCs and also students are not comfortable in such classes. However, we do not have much information about the impact of large classes in the context of Afghanistan. This study will put light on some aspects of teaching English in LCs in secondary schools of Afghanistan. This study has been done in 10 upper secondary (grade 10-12) schools (5 girls’ schools and 5 boy’s schools) in Afghanistan Kunduz Province. Questionnaires had been distributed to 60 students (30 boys and 30 girls). Also questionnaires were distributed to 30 teachers (17 male and 13 female) to collect teachers’ views on this issue. Moreover, I observed teaching in classes of 10 teachers’ (out of the same 30 teachers), where an observation form was used which was prepared based on literature review. When observing teaching in these classes, it was found that teachers did few perceptions in a good manner, most of them had lesson plan, self-confidence and skills of management but they presented lessons with more problems. Most of the teachers believed that LCs create problems in management and control of class and also, affect the students learning achievement. According to the advantages, teachings in large classes provide the opportunities for teachers to improve organizational and managerial skills (UNESCO, 2006). Most of the teachers in this study did not believe that LC improves their organizational and managerial skills. On the other side, the most common teaching methods were group work and Jigsaw which indicate both of teachers and students perspectives in LCs. In addition, majority of the students of LC expressed that mostly teachers communicate with them by asking questions. The findings of this study show some necessary demands in LCs. Teachers have to improve their pedagogical knowledge and some effective methods such as group work, jigsaw discussion and so on.
2
Yaran, Pinar. „Reproduction And Differentiation Strategies Of Upper-middle Class Group In Ankara“. Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611453/index.pdf.
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The main objective of this study is to investigate reproduction strategies of upper-middle class group of people in Ankara and their differentiation propensities in the fragmentation process of urban space. Dispositions and everyday life practices of upper-middle group on Bourdieu&rsquos approach in the urban space of Ankara are analyzed on the basis of intensive interviews with upper-middle class women. In this sense, special emphasis is placed on this group&rsquo
s close family relations, investment strategies in education, housing and living space strategies.
3
Fisher, Dale. „Developing an evangelistic strategy to reach the upper classes in Nairobi using the "Jesus" video“. Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p036-0366.
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4
Roitman, Karem. „Mestizaje and Development in Ecuador : A Study of Guayaquil's and Quito's Upper Classes“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504004.
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5
Rubiales, Pérez Miguel. „Patrones socioterritoriales de las clases altas en las regiones metropolitanas de Barcelona y Madrid (2001 – 2015)“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/462770.
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Durante la primera década de los años 2000, la mayor parte de la investigación sociológica mantenía un pensamiento eminentemente aespacial. Por otra parte, la geografía humana y la demografía habían dirigido su atención sobre la inmigración, protagonista de una gran transformación en el país. Durante la década de los 2000, los estudios sobre la segregación de la población extranjera tomaron el relevo de los trabajos sobre segregación entre clases sociales, más característicos de los años noventa. Esto comenzó a cambiar a partir de la activación de las políticas de austeridad en torno a 2012. Esta tesis es también resultado de un clima en el que se renovaba el interés por las dinámicas de clase.
Tanto en los estudios sobre segregación étnica, como en los de segregación socioeconómica, está presente la preocupación por las desigualdades y por la formación de concentraciones de población desfavorecida. La atención sobre los guetos amalgama una tradición de investigación reivindicativa, con una actitud de sospecha generalizada hacia las personas desfavorecidas. Esta preocupación por la localización de los grupos desfavorecidos ha ido sustituyendo a la preocupación por sus condiciones de vida y por la desigualdad que sufren. De forma similar, la preocupación por la igualdad se ha deslizado hacia la preocupación por la desigualdad de oportunidades que, supuestamente, estarían generando los guetos y los “efecto barrio”. Así, la prevención del gueto es una política transversal, capaz de generar adhesiones en todo el espectro político. Sin embargo, algunas voces destacaban los posibles beneficios en términos de empleo y oportunidades que podían tener los extranjeros gracias a su concentración territorial (Bayona, 2007) o los problemas que enfrenta la población con menos recursos cuando su entorno social se transforma y experimentan una gentrificación de usos en la que se pierde, por ejemplo, la red de comercios con productos asequibles (Slater, 2009).
El interés inicial sobre el “nivel socioeconómico” se concentró en “las clases altas” a partir del artículo de (Atkinson y Flint, 2004) sobre las urbanizaciones cerradas en el Reino Unido. Ese artículo, entre otras aportaciones, sostiene que los problemas asociados a la proliferación de las urbanizaciones cerradas no se habían estudiado a causa de sesgos en la academia y la sociedad, que dificultan problematizar las acciones de las clases altas. Este sesgo aparecía también de forma clara en las investigaciones sobre segregación. Aunque los grupos privilegiados aparecen de forma sistemática como aquellos que más contribuían a las diferencias socioespaciales, los estudios de segregación denuncian, localizan, delimitan y concentran la atención (y la sospecha) sobre la segregación de los grupos desfavorecidos, la más alarmante. Estudiar las clases altas, de alguna forma, puede ayudar a distribuir la sospecha. Por otra parte, restringir el estudio a las clases altas, prometía, paradójicamente, ampliar los resultados de la investigación. En primer lugar, porque para los cálculos de segregación de las clases altas debía atenderse también al conjunto de clases y grupos; en segundo lugar, porque como su segregación se supone voluntaria, estudiar su separación del resto permitía analizar también sus motivos y razones; finalmente, aparecía una razón de peso metodológico: las clases más altas y más bajas son las que más carácter de clase inscriben en el territorio, pero es la clase alta la que está más normalizada y aparece mejor recogida en registros, censos, datos, nóminas y contratos. Ante un censo de 2011 que se anticipaba incierto, los datos y registros de la clase alta serían mejor indicador de las dinámicas socioterritoriales de clase.
El último cambio de relevancia que se incorpora es el paso de la idea de segregación entre grupos, al concepto de patrones territoriales. Esta transformación fue ocurriendo durante la investigación. Los resultados del análisis de ecología factorial muestran zonas metropolitanas diferenciadas entre sí y fuertemente asociadas a determinadas clases sociales. Esta asociación entre grupos y territorios también aparece en el imaginario y los discursos recogidos por las primeras entrevistas. Además de la asociación empírica y simbólica entre grupos y zonas urbanas, el campo cualitativo apuntaba también a fuertes asociaciones entre localizaciones, funciones y prácticas. Lugar de residencia y clase social, ya de por sí fuertemente relacionados, resultaban determinantes en la configuración de determinadas pautas de ocio, movilidad, socialización… El círculo se cierra cuando sus habitantes mantienen y acondicionan el territorio de forma que siga sosteniendo estas prácticas con eficacia. Así, territorio, clase, prácticas y capital simbólico conforman diferentes patrones socioterritoriales especialmente adecuados para el análisis de las dinámicas de segregación, integración, estigmatización territorial, gentrificación…
6
Ando, Kimihito, und n/a. „Spoken communication and its assessment in large classes n upper secondary schools in Japan“. University of Canberra. Education, 1987. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060601.151239.
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There is awareness and concern in Japan that
the process of teaching and learning English as a
foreign language in the school system does not produce
students who can communicate in the target language.
This is especially true of communication in the spoken
mode.
Attempts have been made to move towards more
communicative language teaching, despite constraints
such as large class size, compulsory use of
structurally-organized textbooks, and grammar-based
university entrance examinations. However, such
attempts do not seem to have been particularly
successful.
The purpose of this study is to suggest
modifications to the teaching of English in upper
secondary schools in Japan which could enable students
to develop their communicative competence and also to
consider implications for the assessment of spoken
communication.
Chapter I describes the scope and background of
the study.
Chapter II looks at the teaching of English in
upper secondary schools in Japan, discussing aspects
such as the place of English in the total school curriculum and constraints on the introduction of
spoken communicative activities.
Chapter III discusses the theory and practice of
the Communicative Approach to Language Teaching in the
English teaching context in Japan.
Chapter IV offers suggestions for incorporating
spoken communication in English lessons at upper
secondary school level.
In Chapter V, the problem of assessing oral
communicative performance is considered in practical
terms.
The final chapter highlights major constraints
and points to recent developments which may give an
impetus to a move towards more communicative teaching
of English as a foreign language in Japanese schools.
It is intended that this Study Report will
provide guidelines for the feasible introduction of
spoken communicative activities in large classes at
upper secondary level and that it will offer
practical suggestions for assessing students'
performance in such activities.
7
Goble, Terence Melvin. „The development of a computer based modelling environment for upper secondary school geography classes“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021561/.
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This thesis describes the development of a specification for a computer based modelling system in geography. The modelling system will be for use in upper secondary school geography classes. The classroom approach to geography reflects the developments within the broader academic discipline. By adopting a systems analysis approach, it is possible to represent models on the computer, from the full range of geographical approaches. The essence of geographical modelling is to be able to use a computer based environment to manipulate, and create, the inter-relationships of the components of a geographical system. The development of the specification for the modelling system, follows an eleven step methodology. This has been adapted and modified from the Research and Development Methodology. It includes a formative evaluation of the prototypes in classroom trials. The possible forms of representation of geographical ideas on the computer are considered. Procedural and declarative models are developed, as prototypes, on a range of software tools. The software tools used, for the initial developments, are the Dynamic Modelling System, spreadsheets and the language, Prolog. The final prototype is developed in a Smalltalk environment. Consideration is also given to the use of both quantitative and qualitative methods of modelling. Model templates are identified which give an underlying structure to a range of geographical models. These templates allow the students to build new models for different geographical areas. Proposals are made for a staged approach which addresses the introduction and use of modelling in the geography classroom. These stages move through the use of simulation, through the modification of the underlying model, to the transfer of the model template to different areas and finally, the building of new models.
8
Bazzy, Zadda M. „Upper Elementary Boys’ Participation During Group Singing Activities in Single-sex and Coeducational Classes“. Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1572.
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As boys in the upper elementary grades become increasingly influenced by peer pressure, many are less likely to participate in singing activities because singing is considered a "feminine" activity. The purpose of this research was to explore if there was an effect on upper elementary boys' level of participation during group singing activities when they attended music classes in a single-sex setting.
This study employed a true experimental design and a mixed method. Boys (N = 186) were videotaped during their regular coeducational music classes on two occasions to establish baseline data. Then the students were randomly assigned to attend music classes in either a single-sex or coeducational group. Boys were videotaped again after seven music classes (approximately 9 weeks later). The videos were scored using the author-designed Singing Participation Measure, and the scores (N = 123) were analyzed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). In addition, qualitative data were collected in the form of music teacher interviews and journal entries.
The ANOVA showed no statistically significant differences between groups (single-sex or coeducational) or within groups (baseline scores versus post-treatment scores). In contrast, the qualitative data showed substantial differences in most of the boys' participation in single-sex classes. The teachers reported a sudden increase in the boys' singing participation and described numerous advantages of single-sex music education. Further research is needed. Implications for music educators suggest teachers could create single-sex singing opportunities, choose repertoire mindfully, and establish a "singing culture" at the school to increase boys' participation during singing activities. In addition, music educators are encouraged to know their students' strengths, weaknesses, interests, and needs, and to remember that "one size" does not "fit all" when it comes to what is best for developing young musicians.
9
Rosenfeld, Jean. „A noble house in the city, domestic architecture as elite signification in late 19th century Hamilton“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ61986.pdf.
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10
Santiboon, Toansakul. „Laboratory learning environments and teacher-student interactions in physics classes in Thailand“. Thesis, Curtin University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/446.
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This study describes students' perceptions of their physics classroom learning environments and their interactions with their teachers in upper secondary school classes in Thailand. Associations between these perceptions and students' attitudes toward physics were also determined. The learning environment perceptions were obtained using the 35-item Physics Laboratory Environment Inventory (PLEI) modified from the original Science Laboratory Environment Inventory (Fraser, McRobbie, & Giddings, 1993). Teacher-student interactions were assessed with the 48-item Questionnaires on Teacher Interaction (QTI) (Wubbels & Levy, 1993). Both these questionnaires have an Actual Form (assesses the class as it actually is) and a Preferred Form (asks the students what they would prefer their class to be like - the ideal situation). Students' attitudes were assessed with a short Attitude scale. The questionnaires were translated into the Thai language and administered to a sample of 4,576 students in 245 physics classes at the grade 12 level. Statistically significant differences were found between the students' perceptions of actual and preferred environments and teacher interpersonal behaviour in Thailand. Associations between students' perceptions of their learning environments and teachers' interpersonal behaviour with their attitudes to their physics classes also were found. It was found from interviews with a sub-sample that particular categories of comments could be identified, physics being a difficult subject, evaluation and assessments not being related to the tertiary entrance examination, and teachers' plans. These factors appear to be affecting student achievement in physics. Based on all the findings, suggestions for improving the physics laboratory classroom environment and teacher interpersonal behaviour with students' perceptions are provided.
11
Ngozwana, Baselwa. „Leisure time and holiday aspirations of black upper middle class in East London“. Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/6380.
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This study examined the holiday and leisure aspirations of the new upper black middle class in East London using qualitative approach. The study investigated aspirations of the black middle class on international travels through the lens of Veblen’s (2002) conspicuous consumption theory which entails that black middle class citizens spend in order to assert their status and belongingness to the middle class. The aim of the study was to understand their holiday and leisure aspirations, what the idea is behind or what motivates their international travels, their travel experiences and class affirmations. This exploration included the challenges and frustrations such as Ebola scare, racism, issues with foreign exchange and variations from these international visits. Data was collected through interviews with upper black middle class who are based in the Buffalo City Metro Municipality in East London, Eastern Cape. Findings from this study revealed that consumption patterns of the emerging black middle class to diverge substantially from the other groups, in terms of greater signalling of social status via visible consumption and preoccupation with reducing an historical asset deficit. Various themes emerged as meanings attached to international travelling and leisure by those black middle class international travellers. These are sense of wealth, status, religion, self-esteem, sense of reward, bonding with friends and conspicuous/visible consumption.
12
Santiboon, Toansakul. „Laboratory learning environments and teacher-student interactions in physics classes in Thailand“. Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 2006. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16860.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This study describes students' perceptions of their physics classroom learning environments and their interactions with their teachers in upper secondary school classes in Thailand. Associations between these perceptions and students' attitudes toward physics were also determined. The learning environment perceptions were obtained using the 35-item Physics Laboratory Environment Inventory (PLEI) modified from the original Science Laboratory Environment Inventory (Fraser, McRobbie, & Giddings, 1993). Teacher-student interactions were assessed with the 48-item Questionnaires on Teacher Interaction (QTI) (Wubbels & Levy, 1993). Both these questionnaires have an Actual Form (assesses the class as it actually is) and a Preferred Form (asks the students what they would prefer their class to be like - the ideal situation). Students' attitudes were assessed with a short Attitude scale. The questionnaires were translated into the Thai language and administered to a sample of 4,576 students in 245 physics classes at the grade 12 level. Statistically significant differences were found between the students' perceptions of actual and preferred environments and teacher interpersonal behaviour in Thailand. Associations between students' perceptions of their learning environments and teachers' interpersonal behaviour with their attitudes to their physics classes also were found. It was found from interviews with a sub-sample that particular categories of comments could be identified, physics being a difficult subject, evaluation and assessments not being related to the tertiary entrance examination, and teachers' plans. These factors appear to be affecting student achievement in physics. Based on all the findings, suggestions for improving the physics laboratory classroom environment and teacher interpersonal behaviour with students' perceptions are provided.
13
Ekelund, Christopher. „Being polite : An experimental study of request strategies in Swedish EFL classes“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för didaktik och lärares praktik (DLP), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-81188.
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In a world which continuously becomes more globalised, the need to adapt one's language depending on context becomes increasingly important. This is acknowledged in the Swedish syllabus for the upper-secondary school, which emphasises communicative competence and the need to adapt to situation and hearer. This study uses a foundation based on politeness theory, where the act of requesting is considered a threat to the notion of face. The concept of face that is being used is based on the work of Brown and Levinson (1987) and the idea is that everyone has a positive- and negative face where the former is the need for one’s self-image to be respected and the latter is the freedom to act without imposition from others. By role-playing different scenarios, the participants of the study, all students of the English 7 course, were asked to perform requests which varied in imposition and which targeted hearers of different statuses. The results were analysed using a qualitative approach, which leads to the conclusion that half of the six participants adapted their language appropriately to the communicative situation. Those three had managed to show an increase in face-saving acts where the imposition was greater, or the hearer was of a higher status. That only half of the participants managed to do this shows a lack of success in teaching the students the necessary pragmatic skills encoded in the syllabus and more focused studies in this area are recommended to address this issue. Due to the small number of participants, further studies are needed to fully confirm the results presented in this study.
14
Monteiro, Rodrigo Nunes. „Long-time dynamics of two classes of beam and plate equations“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-30092016-144225/.
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In this thesis we will discuss the well-posedness and long-time dynamics of curved beam and thermoelastic plates. First, we considered the Bresse system with nonlinear damping and forcing terms. For this model we show the Timoshenko system as a singular limit of the Bresse system as the arch curvature l goes to 0 and under suitable assumptions on the nonlinearity we prove the existence of a smooth global attractor with finite fractal dimension and exponential attractors as well. We also compare the Bresse system with the Timoshenko system, in the sense of upper-semicontinuity of their attractors as l → 0. Second, we study a full von Karman system, this model accounts for vertical and in plane displacements. For this system we add a nonlinear thermal coupling and free boundary conditions. It is shown that the system, without any mechanical dissipation imposed on vertical displacements, admits a global attractor which is also smooth and of finite fractal dimension.Neste trabalho iremos discutir a existência, unicidade, dependência contínua e a dinâmica a longo prazo das soluções de um sistema de equações que modela a vibração de vigas curvas e um modelo de placas termoelásticas. Primeiro consideramos o modelo de Bresse com dissipação não linear e forças externas. Provamos que o sistema de Timoshenko pode ser obtido como limite do sistema de Bresse quando o arco de curvatura l tende para zero e sob algumas hipóteses, mostramos a existência de um atrator global com dimensão fractal finita. Também comparamos o sistema de Bresse com o sistema de Timoshenko no sentido da semicontinuidade de seus atratores quando o parâmetro l → 0. Na segunda parte estudamos o sistema de full Von Karmam. Neste modelo adicionamos efeitos térmicos e condições de fronteira do tipo livre. Mostramos que esse problema, sem dissipação mecânica no deslocamento vertical, também possui um atrator global regular com dimensão infinita.
15
Tuncay, Yildiz Banu. „A Case Study Of The Use Of Manipulatives In Upper Elementary Mathematics Classes In A Private School: Teachers“. Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614237/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the views of upper elementary mathematics teachers and students about the use of manipulatives in teaching and learning mathematics.
This study is a qualitative case study. The participants of this study were four elementary mathematics teachers in a private school and their 6th, 7th, and 8th grade students. The data were collected through one-to-one interviews, observations and analyzing documents consisting of annual plan, daily plan, notebooks of students, and the field note that the researcher kept throughout the study.
This study revealed that although all the teachers advocate the use of manipulatives in teaching mathematics, they use traditional teaching techniques in their classes. They mentioned different factors affecting their use of manipulatives in teaching mathematics such as not knowing how to use them, grade level, availability of materials, time constraints, students&rsquoreactions (seeing them as a toy or not being accustomed to them), school administration, classroom management, not finding materials appropriate for the subject being taught and classroom size. In fact, these are the factors that are seen on the surface level. This study indicated that even when teachers are provided with training about the use of manipulatives, supported by the school administration, and provided with manipulatives, the use of manipulatives is largely determined by their views / beliefs about the nature of mathematics, how students can learn mathematics, the effect of manipulatives and their knowledge in using them. Students seemed to like learning by using manipulatives. When conditions were arranged for learning, they were willing to learn through manipulatives.
16
Geay, Kevin. „Enquête sur les rapports au politique des classes supérieures“. Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090061.
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Cette thèse s’appuie sur une série d’enquêtes qualitatives et quantitatives pour proposer une analyse systématique du rapport au politique des classes supérieures françaises. Notre hypothèse est que l’on peut mieux spécifier la manière dont les mieux dotés participent, opinent, et font valoir leurs intérêts, si l’on prend au sérieux tous les comportements qui ne collent pas avec la description usuelle d’une classe supérieure compétente, investie et intégrée politiquement. Ainsi, s’intéresser aux formes bourgeoises de scepticisme et de relâchement dans la participation conventionnelle autorise une compréhension plus fine du lien entre statut social et politisation. De même, être attentif aux ratés de la reproduction des préférences politiques révèle en creux ce qui, dans le fait d’appartenir aux classes supérieures, dispose au vote de droite. Enfin, nous préciserons les conditions de possibilité du pouvoir des classes supérieures en prenant pour objet les rendements incertains du capital social spécifique que constitue la proximité aux élus, d’une part, et les tentatives malheureuses de contrôle territorial, d’autre partThis thesis is based on a series of qualitative and quantitative surveys. It provides a systematic analysis of French upper classes’ attitudes towards politics. I argue that behaviors that do not fit with the usual description of upper classes as politically competent, committed and well-represented should be taken into account. This approach allows a better understanding of how upper classes actually participate, make electoral choices and defend their interests. The thesis develops as follows. First, I show that investigating why bourgeois occasionally abstain from voting or avoid talking politics leads to a thorough comprehension of the link between social status and participation. Second, I provide evidence that the analysis of uncommon trajectories of members of the bourgeoisie who support left-wing parties indirectly reveals what makes the former more likely to be conservative voters. Third, I study how upper classes members use their proximity to politicians as a resource, and the risks they run by doing so. Finally, I study what happens when upper classes attempt to control space, but are deprived of politicians’ support
17
Teles, Ricardo de Sá. „Atratores de trajetórias para algumas classes de equações diferenciais parciais“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45132/tde-04092012-153232/.
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Neste trabalho estudamos um problema parabólico e um problema hiperbólico que não admitem unicidade de solução. Após garantir a existência de solução para cada um desses problemas, analisamos o comportamento assintótico de suas soluções por meio da teoria do atrator de trajetórias. Nossos resultados principais demonstram, sob hipóteses apropriadas, a semicontinuidade superior das famílias de atratores de trajetórias quando o coeficiente de difusão é grande.In this work we study a parabolic problem and a hyperbolic problem that not admit uniqueness of solution. After to ensure existence of solution for each of these problems, we analyze the asymptotic behavior of their solutions by means of the theory of trajectory attractors. Our main results demonstrate, under appropriate assumptions, the upper semicontinuity of families of trajectory attractors when the diffusion coefficient is large.
18
Svärd, Ann-Christin. „The challenge of mixed-ability classes : How should upper secondary English teachers work in order to help the weaker students?“ Thesis, Jönköping University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-693.
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The purpose of this essay is to find out how upper secondary English teachers should work in order to reach the weaker students. I am interested in what has been written about mixed-ability classes, the challenges they present and most of all how teachers of English need to work in such classes to reach all students, especially the weaker ones.
I have also interviewed three upper secondary teachers about how they work to reach the weaker students in their classes.
My findings are that, according to the teachers interviewed, the best way to deal with the problem is to bring back ability grouping. The literature I read mostly had negative views on this method and stressed the importance of differentiation and motivation instead. Both the literature and the teachers claimed that a good atmosphere, clear instructions, structure and setting routines were the most important factors when working with mixed ability classes.
19
Mhlauli, Mavis B. „Social Studies Teachers Perceptions and Practices of Educating Citizens in a Democracy in Upper Classes in Primary Schools in Botswana“. The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1291140441.
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20
BOZOULS, LORRAINE. „Le privilège de l’entre-soi. Pratiques résidentielles et styles de vie des classes supérieures du privé“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/273245.
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Questa ricerca studia i meccanismi di formazione e di riproduzione delle classi superiori particolarmente dotati di capitale economico che vivono nella periferia di Parigi. Grazie a un indagine multi-metodo (interviste, osservazioni, archivi, statistiche) mostro come questa frazione sottostudiata lavora per mantenere una comunità omogenea al livello del quartiere. Analizzo anche i meccanismi di ripiegamento sulle case, in particolare per le casalinghe, ad anché i lontani rapporti con il settore pubblico (privatizzazione della scuola e questioni di sicurezza).This research studies the mechanisms of formation and reproduction of upper classes particularly endowed with economic capital living in the parisian suburbs. In support of a multi-method survey (interviews, observations, archives, statistics) I show how this under-studied fraction works to maintain a homogeneous neighborhood-wide community. I also analyze the withdrawal on one’s house, especially for housewives, as well as the distant relationship to the public sector (privatization of school and security issues).
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Kylberg, Julia, und Alexandra Wulff. „English in single-sex classrooms. English teachers’ considerations when selecting texts for single-sex classes“. Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-35836.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to find out whether some teachers at the vocational upper secondary schools where we have had our teaching practice are aware of the gender perspective and if/how they implement it in their teaching. The focus of the investigation is to find out to what extent the teachers in question take gender into account when they select texts for their single-sex classes. The aim was to learn about the teachers’ thoughts and views on gender issues as well as learning more about how to work gender consciously in the classroom. Qualitative interviews with seven upper secondary teachers were carried out. The semi-structured interviews we conducted contained guiding questions concerning gender, single-sex classes, material used for teaching. All the interviewed teachers think that gender is a very important question both in school and in society. The majority of the participating teachers do adjust their material with gender as a factor according to the sex of the majority of the class. The teachers emphasized that they also take other factors into account when selecting texts; an important one is the pupils’ course of study and interests.
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Lozach, Ugo. „Approcher le pouvoir : sociologie de l'action éducative des Instituts d'Études Politiques de province (1945-2018)“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG057.
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Cette thèse prend pour objet les effets du passage par les Instituts d’études politiques de province sur les trajectoires de leurs étudiants. En articulant méthodes historique, statistique et ethnographique, elle analyse le travail de cette école sur les dispositions et stratégies de mobilité de ceux qui y candidatent, y étudient et en sortent diplômés. Elle montre qu’au terme d’un déplacement historique dans l’espace de l’enseignement supérieur, les IEP attirent de très bons élèves, proches d’une« troisième culture » scolaire d’État, dont l’origine sociale se situe surtout dans les classes supérieures, notamment dans leur fraction intellectuelle. La recherche montre par ailleurs comment l’action éducative des IEP s’appuie sur des ressources et dispositions constituées en amont ou en parallèle de la scolarité à l’IEP pour distribuer les étudiants dans des positions hiérarchisées au sein de l’école, puis dans les espaces professionnels constitutifs des classes supérieuresThis research focuses on a network of second rank elite colleges – the “Instituts d’études politiques” (IEP) – that have grown throughout the second half of the 20th century in cities throughout France. They now appeal principally to a large population of upper-class students who are disproportionately from the intellectual fraction, and are mostly feminine. This appeal is due to the school’s curriculum that is highly selective and offers an alternative to sciences and humanities, which have traditionally comprised the educational choices of the French upper-classes. In articulating socio-historical, statistical and ethnographic approaches, this dissertation explores how the IEP’s curriculum differentiates candidates and students according to their dispositions and, over time, contributes to the stratification of the upper classes
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Flint, Alison Claire. „To the Ladies of Ogston Hall : the epistolary cultures of Nineteenth-Century gentry women of Derbyshire“. Thesis, University of Derby, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/621896.
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The broad aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that the Victorian letter is more than the sum of its parts. By focusing on the archival collection of a gentry family from Derbyshire, it asserts that the material remains of a nineteenth-century letter are as important as the words and, as such, have a valuable contribution to make to the understanding of letters and letter writing culture of the period. Furthermore, throughout it is demonstrated that the nineteenth-century familial letter was important as an emotional and material object to both the reader and the sender but, as yet, is an undervalued tool in historical research. It argues against the dominant historical trend to read only the text of letters, and in so doing offers a model that can be adopted and adapted to investigate the nineteenth-century letter. The thesis applies James Daybell’s argument that, in order to understand an early modern manuscript, the historian must be directed both to the physical characteristics as well as to the social contexts of its composition, delivery, reception and latterly its archiving. By taking a case study approach, this thesis examines the unpublished nineteenth-century letters of the Turbutt family collection. Each chapter focusses on a particular aspect of letter writing which affords a greater understanding of the nineteenth-century letter as literary culture as well as material culture. Taking this approach uncovers a wide range of uses for the familiar letter and demonstrates that the letter was vital to the nineteenth-century Turbutt women of the Ogston estate. It is demonstrated that the Turbutt women used letters to perform their role as gentry women, to navigate courtship and the emotional and relational divide, and also determine how the letter writer used the material properties to their advantage and, if so, did the material and literary qualities of letters converge to further this. In so doing this thesis bridges the gap between text and materiality, two areas that have tended to be treated separately and, as such, it contributes to the scholarship of letter writing in the nineteenth century as both literary culture and material culture and also to the letter writing culture of nineteenth-century gentry women.
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Smith, Marc Spencer. „Spéculation, marché de l’art et naissance d’un réseau artistique moderne aux États-Unis de l’industrialisation à la crise des années 1930. Un monopole social et culturel en construction“. Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30057.
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Cette Thèse est une étude des dynamiques qui entrainèrent la construction du marché de l'art aux États-Unis entre les années 1800 et 1930. Elle se veut être une analyse des transformations qui permirent la construction d'un réseau national à partir de réseaux régionaux. Plus précisément, elle traite de la manière dont les Beaux-Arts se développèrent à Boston, Philadelphie et New York à partir d'idéologies et d'idéaux religieux et pastoraux, ainsi qu'à partir des concepts et des stéréotypes socio-culturels attachés à l'art et à l'artiste au sein de la société. Cette thèse montre la manière dont les origines sociaux des mécènes et la restructuration social du dix-neuvième siècle jouèrent un rôle central dans cette construction. L'arrivée de nouveaux groupes sociaux provenant de l'industrialisation du pays influencèrent le rôle de l'artiste au sein de la société, ainsi que sa mission culturelle et sa relation avec le public. Cette étude montre aussi comment de nouvelles catégories socio-professionnelles, comme les critiques et les illustrateurs, émergèrent de ce nouveau contexte économique et alternèrent la position social de l'artiste lors de la montée de la diffusion de la presse écrite. Le pouvoir économique des mécènes les poussèrent à utiliser leurs investissement dans les Beaux-Arts pour justifier et affirmer leur nouvelle position sociale. Cette thèse analyse aussi la manière dont le mécénat industriel intègre au marché de l'art des stratégies et des logiques issues de leurs affaires, influençant le fonctionnement de tout le systèmeThis dissertation is a study of the dynamics behind the growth of the US art market from the 1800's to the 1930's. Its main goal is to analyze the transformations which allowed the passage from local and regional networks into a national one. More specifically, it deals with how the development of the fine arts in Boston, Philadelphia and New York were based on religious and pastoral ideas and ideologies, as well as on social and cultural stereotypes and conceptions which defined art and the artist. This dissertation shows how the social origins of patrons and the restructuring of society in the nineteenth century played a pivotal in this construction. The arrival of new social groups originating from the industrialization of the country affected the role of artists inside society, as well as their cultural mission and their relationship with the public. This study also shows how new socio-professional categories, such as critics and illustrators, emerged from this new economic context and altered the position of the artist in society with the rise of the printed press. The economic power of these industrial patrons also enabled them to use their investments inside the fine arts to justify and affirm of their new social positions, while also injecting inside the art market strategies and logics from their businesses, thus affecting the functioning of the system
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Moraes, Graziela Meneghel de. „Distribuição dos metais pesados em sedimentos de fundo na bacia do alto Tietê: Fatores de enriquecimento e Classes de poluição“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-01022012-155058/.
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O Tietê é um importante rio para o estado de São Paulo, pois é considerado de grande potencial econômico, energético e de navegabilidade. A bacia do alto rio Tietê corresponde ao trecho da nascente em Salesópolis até o reservatório de Pirapora, passando pela região metropolitana de São Paulo. Por estar em uma região com grande pressão antrópica, o rio Tietê sofre grandes impactos ambientais associados ao lançamento de efluentes domésticos e industriais. Atualmente, um dos mais sérios problemas na área ambiental está relacionado à poluição química de natureza inorgânica em sedimentos fluviais, principalmente metais pesados. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a distribuição dos principais metais pesados (Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni e Pb) presentes nos sedimentos de fundo, em perfis de profundidade, nas estações de amostragem de Ponte Nova, Biritiba, Mogi das Cruzes e Pirapora ao longo da bacia do alto rio Tietê, identificando as ocorrências de origens naturais e antrópicas, levando em consideração diferentes critérios de toxicidade e biodisponibilidade. A determinação da concentração total dos metais de interesse, em perfil de profundidade, obtidas a partir do método da fusão alcalina permitiu avaliar os critérios de toxicidade considerando os valores-guia de qualidade de sedimentos VI, VP, PEL e TEL bem como os fatores de enriquecimento (EF) e índices de geo-acumulação (Igeo) tendo como base o fundo geoquímico natural regional. A avaliação da biodisponibilidade foi analisada para os metais pesados, de acordo com o processo da extração sequencial seletiva bem como pela relação entre sulfetos volatilizados após ataque ácido a frio (AVS) e extração simultânea de metais pesados (SEM). A origem da matéria orgânica presente no sedimento de fundo foi identificada através da comparação com parâmetros de referência em base isotópica (\'delta\' 13C). Em termos de toxicidade de metais pesados, foi observado que para a estação de Ponte Nova, próxima a nascente do rio Tietê, apenas o Cu esteve relacionado à contribuição antrópica, possivelmente associado ao controle de algas no reservatório. Já para a estação de amostragem em Biritiba, a maioria dos metais pesados estudados mostraram ter origem antrópica, devido às atividades agrícolas da região. Os sedimentos de fundo amostrados em Mogi das Cruzes e Pirapora indicaram fortes contaminações de metais pesados, como Cu, Cr e Zn associados essencialmente aos esgotos domésticos. Os demais aspectos de biodisponibilidade estudados indicaram contaminação de metais pesados em Pirapora, confirmando a toxicidade observada nos demais critérios avaliados. A origem da matéria orgânica, presente nos sedimentos de fundo do alto rio Tietê, mostrou ser para Ponte Nova, Biritiba e Mogi das Cruzes composta por material litólico e plantas C3, enquanto que para Pirapora a origem da matéria orgânica foi essencialmente antrópicaThe Tietê River is important for São Paulo state, because it is considered of great economic, energy and navigability potential. The Tiete River basin comprises its source in Salesópolis to the Pirapora reservoir, through the metropolitan region of São Paulo. Due to its location in a region with high human pressure the Tietê River has suffered countless environmental impacts associated with the release of domestic and industrial effluents. Currently, one of the most serious environmental problems in the area is related to the inorganic nature of river sediments, mainly heavy metals. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of major heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni and Pb) present in bottom sediments, in depth profiles, in the Ponte Nova Biritiba, Mogi das Cruzes Pirapora sampling stations along the basin of the upper Tietê River, identifying the occurrences of natural and anthropogenic sources, taking into account different criteria of toxicity and bioavailability. The determination of total concentration of metals of interest in depth profile obtained from the alkaline fusion method allowed to evaluate the toxicity criteria considering the sediment quality values guidelines VI, VP, TEL and PEL as well as the enrichment factors (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) based on the regional natural background levels. The assessment of bioavailability was analyzed for heavy metals, according to the sequential selective extraction process and the link between acid volatile sulfides (AVS) and simultaneously extracted heavy metals (SEM). The origin of organic matter in bottom sediment was identified by comparison with end-members based on isotopic (\'delta\' 13C). In terms of heavy metal toxicity has been observed that for the Ponte Nova station, near the Tietê River headwaters, only Cu was related to the anthropogenic contribution, possibly associated with the control of algae in the reservoir. For the Biritiba sampling station, most of the heavy metals showed to have anthropogenic origin, due to agricultural activities in the region. The bottom sediments sampled in Mogi das Cruzes and Pirapora indicated strong contamination of heavy metals such as Cu, Cr and Zn mainly associated with domestic sewage. Other aspects of bioavailability studies indicated contamination of heavy metals in Pirapora, confirming the toxicity observed in the other criteria. The origin of organic matter showed to be for Ponte Nova, Biritiba and Mogi das Cruzes composed of C3 plants and lithic material, while for Pirapora, the origin of organic matter was mainly anthropogenic.
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Østby, Kathrine Asla. „Les voyelles orales à double timbre dans le parler de la haute bourgeoisie parisienne : analyse acoustique et diachronique“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100052.
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L’étude porte sur les voyelles orales à double timbre dans le français parisien contemporain. La littérature rapporte une simplification du système phonologique dû à la perte progressive des oppositions dans les paires /a, ɑ/, /e, ɛ/, /ø, œ/ et /o, ɔ/ (Armstrong 2001). Une analyse en temps apparent de nouvelles données phonologiques provenant de 12 locuteurs de la haute bourgeoisie parisienne, permet de tester si la même tendance se manifeste dans les usages d’un milieu socialement favorisé et clos, et ainsi reconnu comme linguistiquement conservateur (Labov 1972, Milroy & Milroy 1992). Les données ont été produites dans différents contextes, allant du très formel à l’informel, et ont été soumises à des analyses acoustiques. L’analyse révèle que la perte des opposition phonologiques affecte moins les pratiques linguistiques des 12 locuteurs que les pratiques d’autres populations. Cependant, le degré de conservatisme linguistique varie selon la variable vocalique : par exemple, pour la paire /o, ɔ/ les usages des 12 locuteurs sont très conservateurs, mais pour la paire /a, ɑ/ ils se conforment aux résultats des travaux antérieurs, l’opposition /a/-/ɑ/ ayant disparu en faveur d’une seule variante antérieure.Une seconde enquête sur les attitudes linguistiques des locuteurs révèle un état de sécurité linguistique très forte au sein de l’échantillon ; quant aux variables vocaliques, une opposition instable va de pair avec un indice d’insécurité linguistique (IIL, Labov 1966) relativement élevé, mais ne rend pas compte des usages individuelles, ce qui met en question l’interprétation traditionnelle du lien entre les pratiques et les attitudes linguistiquesThis dissertation is concerned with the vowels /A, E, Ø, O/ in contemporary Parisian French. Traditionally, the vowels each represent two phonemes, /a, ɑ/, /e, ɛ/, /ø, œ/ and /o, ɔ/, but literature on French phonology reports that the French vowel system is undergoing a simplification by neutralisation of these phonological contrasts (Armstrong 2001). By an apparent-time analysis of new phonological data produced by 12 informants from la haute bourgeoisie parisienne, the study seeks to determine whether this tendency also manifests itself in the behaviour of a socially privileged and close-knit, and as such presumably linguistically conservative, group (Labov 1972, Milroy & Milroy 1992). The data was produced in different contexts, ranging from very formal to informal, and acoustically analyzed.The analysis confirms that neutralisation of vowel contrasts is less common amongst the 12 informants than in other groups of speaker, although the degree of linguistic conservatism depends on the specific vowel. For instance, in the case of the pair /o, ɔ/, the 12 informants display a very conservative behaviour, whereas for the pair /a, ɑ/, the results differ very little from the results of other studies, the /a/-/ɑ/ contrast having practically disappeared.A survey of the informants’ linguistic attitudes reflects a very high level of linguistic security. For each vowel, ongoing change correlates with a relatively high Index of Linguistic Insecurity (ILI, Labov 1966). The ILI cannot, however, account for the individual behaviours; this raises questions about the traditional interpretation of the correlation between a speaker’s ILI and his/her linguistic behaviour
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Bozouls, Lorraine. „"Pour vivre heureux, vivons cachés" : pratiques résidentielles, styles de vie et rapports de genre chez les classes supérieures du pôle privé“. Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0033.
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Au croisement de la sociologie des classes sociales et de la sociologie urbaine, cette thèse porte sur le pôle privé des classes supérieures, davantage doté en capital économique que culturel et résidant dans les espaces homogènes de la banlieue résidentielle aisée. Elle analyse le rôle du quartier et celui du logement dans la formation et la reproduction de cette fraction de classe et apporte ainsi une contribution à la compréhension des mécanismes de ségrégation. Elle s’appuie sur une enquête localisée dans les quartiers les plus aisés de deux communes de la banlieue parisienne (Rueil-Malmaison et Saint-Maur-des-Fossés), où ont été conduits soixante entretiens avec des propriétaires de maisons. Plus de deux tiers des ménages enquêtés ont un patrimoine immobilier estimé supérieur à un million d’euros et appartiennent donc aux 3 % des ménages les plus dotés de France. Les ménages enquêtés choisissent un quartier marqué par son entre-soi, qui assure des conditions favorables de reproduction sociale. Ils s’investissent à l’échelle locale dans les relations de sociabilité et dans des entreprises de patrimonialisation, dont ils tirent des ressources en termes de capital social, symbolique et économique. De plus, les ménages sont investis dans un mouvement de privatisation, qui se traduit par leur goût pour la propriété immobilière et par leur repli sur l’espace domestique, qui pèse principalement sur les femmes, dont beaucoup sont femmes au foyer. Enfin, cette privatisation est également synonyme d’un éloignement vis-à-vis des services publics, visible notamment à travers la prise en charge de leur sécurité, qui s’accompagne parfois d’un mouvement de fermeture résidentielleAt the crossroads of the sociology of social classes and the urban sociology, this thesis focuses on the private pole of upper classes, defined as the one having more economic than cultural capital and living in homogeneous spaces of the well-off residential suburbs. It analyses the role of both the neighborhood and the house in the formation and reproduction of this class fraction and thus contributes to the understanding of segregation mechanisms. It is based on a survey conducted in the wealthier districts of two municipalities in the Parisian suburbs (Rueil-Malmaison and Saint-Maur-des-Fossés) where sixty interviews with homeowners were conducted. More than two thirds of the households surveyed have an estimated property of more than one million euros and therefore belong to the 3% of the most affluent households in France. The households surveyed choose a neighborhood marked by its entre-soi, which ensures favorable conditions for social reproduction. They invest locally in social relationships and heritage enterprises, from which they extract resources in terms of social, symbolic and economic capital. In addition, the households surveyed are invested in a privatization movement, which results in a strong taste for real estate ownership and in their withdrawal into the domestic sphere, which mainly affects women, many of whom are housewives. Finally, this privatization is also synonymous with a distance from public services, visible through the management of their security, which is sometimes accompanied by a movement of residential closure
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Silva, Tania Cristina do Ramo. „Linguagem visual de estamparias têxteis: análise comparativa de aspectos semânticos, simbólicos, sintáticos e plásticos em padronagens gráficas de tecidos para vestuário de usuárias das classes sociais média e alta“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100133/tde-16112017-094124/.
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Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar padrões formais, plásticos, sintáticos, semânticos e simbólicos eventualmente mais característicos de estamparias têxteis voltadas ao vestuário de usuárias das classes sociais média e alta. O estudo, de natureza mista, quantitativa e qualitativa, apresentou caráter essencialmente fenomenológico, buscando percepções de usuárias e especialistas (designers), ao comparar padronagens de estamparias gráficas utilizadas por mulheres das classes sociais média e alta. Do ponto metodológico, a pesquisa foi dividida em três estágios principais. Em um primeiro estágio foram selecionadas quatrocentas amostras de imagens de estampas voltadas para usuárias das classes média e alta, sendo duzentas amostras de cada classe. Estes dois grupos de duzentas amostras foram, então, reduzidos, aleatoriamente, a dois grupos de vinte amostras. Cada amostra, a partir deste ponto, foi minuciosamente isolada e abstraída do desenho da roupa, da pessoa que a estivesse trajando e de seu entorno, evitando-se variáveis contaminantes. No segundo estágio, as vinte amostras, já isoladas e abstraídas, foram individualmente apresentadas a especialistas (designers), com objetivo de estimulá-los a verbalizar categorias conceituais que pudessem ser utilizadas como norteadoras de um diferencial semântico a ser elaborado no terceiro estágio. Por fim, no terceiro estágio, sete amostras de cada um dos dois grupos foram reunidas, aleatoriamente, e apresentadas a dois grupos de respondentes (especialistas e usuárias) de maneira a atribuírem valores numéricos de 1 a 5 quanto a dez parâmetros (bipolarizados) induzidos a partir das análises obtidas dos dados oferecidos por especialistas no segundo estágio. Participaram do terceiro e último estágio 55 respondentes, sendo seis designers e 49 usuárias. Os resultados deste estudo foram, então, estratificados em vários quadros, entre os quais: amostras apenas da classe média, com respostas de especialistas e de usuárias; amostras apenas da classe alta, com respostas de especialistas e de usuárias; amostras da classe média e da classe alta, com respostas apenas de especialistas; amostras da classe média e da classe alta, com respostas apenas de usuárias; e amostras da classe média e da classe alta, com respostas da média de especialistas e usuárias. O cruzamento geral destas várias estratificações revelou singular e pouco antecipada convergência das respostas de especialistas e de usuárias sobre padrões de estampas têxteis atribuídos às classes média e alta. Notou-se, por exemplo, coincidências acentuadas nas respostas nas categorias simbólico/literal, cromático/acromático, sofisticado/rústico, linear/aleatório, clássico/moderno e geométrico/orgânico, entre amostras de padronagens têxteis voltadas às usuárias das classes média e alta. Divergências discretas foram, entretanto, observadas nas categorias equilibrado/desequilibrado, simetria/assimetria, comum/incomum e figurativo/abstrato. Este estudo conclui que variações qualitativas no vestuário das classes média e alta estariam, portanto, localizadas menos no âmbito das características formais, semânticas, simbólicas e estéticas das padronagens têxteis, residindo, muito possivelmente, sobretudo, na qualidade da impressão, acabamento, coloração, fiação, tecelagem, costura e em minúcias de seus desenhos apenas perceptíveis pela proximidade física e tátil dos referidos tecidos e peças de vestuárioThis research aimed to identify formal, syntactic, esthetic, semantic, and symbolic patterns possibly more closely associated with textile designs geared to the clothing of female middle and upper class users. The study, of a mixed nature, combined both the quantitative and qualitative approaches. It was of an essentially phenomenological character, searching for the perceptions of both users and design specialists, as they compared graphic design patterns utilized in the clothing of middle and upper class women. From a methodological standpoint, the study was divided into three main stages. In the first stage, 400 samples of photographs of textile design geared to female middle and upper class users, 200 corresponding to each group, were randomly selected from a variety of sources. Out of these two groups, another selection was then randomly conducted as well, narrowing both groups down to 20 samples each. Each textile sample, at this point, was thoroughly isolated and taken from the actual design of the clothing, from the person who might be wearing it and from its surroundings, therefore avoiding contaminant variables. In the second stage, those 20 samples, already isolated and taken out of their surroundings, were individually shown to textile and fashion design specialists, aiming to stimulate them to verbalize conceptual categories that could be utilized to guide the elaboration of a semantic differential in the third stage. Finally, in the third stage, seven samples from each of these two groups were randomly ordered and displayed to two groups of participants (design specialists and users). They were asked to grade them with numeric values from 1 through 5 regarding ten parameters (bipolarized) which were previously developed based on data provided by design specialists during the second stage. In this final stage, 55 respondents took part, six of which were design specialists and 49 of which were users. The results of this research were then stratified and displayed into various tables and charts, amongst which were: exclusively middle-class samples, featuring answers of both design specialists and users; exclusively upper-class samples, featuring answers of both design specialists and users; samples of both middle and upper class, featuring answers exclusively of design specialists; samples of both middle and upper class, featuring answers exclusively of users; and, finally, samples of both middle and upper class, featuring combined answers of design specialists and users. Cross-referencing of the various data stratifications revealed a unique and little-anticipated convergence of answers from both design specialists and users regarding textile graphic patterns linked to either middle or upper class clothing. Significant, coinciding patterns of responses were noted in conceptual categories such as symbolic/literal, chromatic/achromatic, sophisticated/rustic, linear/random, classic/contemporary and geometric/organic, among samples of graphic textile patterns associated with middle- and upper-class female users. Discrete divergences were identified, however, in categories such as balanced/unbalanced, symmetrical/asymmetrical, plain/rare and figurative/abstract. This study, then, reached the conclusion that qualitative variations in graphic design patterns in clothing of middle- and upper-class female users might, therefore, occur less in the realm of the studied formal, semantic, symbolic and aesthetic graphic textile patterns, as they seem to most likely reside, above all, in the printing quality, finishing, coloring, threading, weaving, sewing and in minute drawing details of the actual graphic textile patterns which can only be ascertained and appreciated by means of physical and tactile proximity to these graphic patterns and the actual clothing itself
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GAIA, PATRICIA NOGUEIRA. „INTERNET USAGE BY YOUNG PEOPLE AT THE BOTTOM-OF-THE-PYRAMID AND YOUNG PEOPLE AT THE MIDDLE AND UPPER CLASSES: DEVELOPMENT AND EMPIRICAL TEST OF MODEL FOR ANALYZING GROUPS OF RESPONDENTS“. PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=18207@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOEste estudo teve como objetivo entender se há diferenças no uso da internet entre jovens pertencentes à base da pirâmide (BOP) e aqueles pertencentes às classes média e alta. Para tal, foi proposto um modelo para mensuração do Uso da Internet por jovens, baseando-se nos seguintes modelos: O modelo TAM de Davis et al (1989), o modelo de Porter e Donthu (2006) e o modelo de Chimenti (2010). O modelo final envolveu os seguintes fatores: Barreiras Percebidas ao Acesso, Comunicação, Interatividade e Uso da Internet. Além deste, foi apresentado um modelo alternativo sem o constructo Comunicação. O modelo é testado através de uma survey com 394 jovens. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio de modelagem de equações estruturais. A partir da revisão de literatura, foram formuladas hipóteses, confirmadas para o total da amostra. Na comparação entre os grupos, o modelo completo apresentou algumas diferenças, sugerindo que a Comunicação e a Interatividade seriam fatores que impactariam o Uso da Internet para os jovens BOP, no entanto, não seriam fatores relevantes para os jovens de classes média e alta. Quando o constructo Comunicação é retirado, as hipóteses são verificadas em ambos os grupos, não apontando diferença entre eles. O resultado do primeiro modelo foi atribuído à influência do constructo Comunicação nos demais e conclui-se que não há diferenças entre os grupos. Os resultados contribuem para a teoria de geração digital e a teoria de consumidores BOP, apontando oportunidades de marketing voltadas aos jovens BOP.
This study aimed to understand whether there are differences in internet usage among young people at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) and those belonging to middle and upper classes. In order to achieve this, it was proposed a model for measuring Internet Usage by young people. The model proposed was based on the following ones: TAM model of Davis et al (1989), the model of Porter and Donthu (2006) and the model of Chimenti (2010). The final model involved the following factors: Perceived Barriers to Access, Communication, Interactivity and Internet Usage. In addition, an alternative model was presented without the Communication construct. The model was tested through a survey of 394 young people. The data were analyzed using structural equations modeling. From the literature review, hypotheses were formulated and they were confirmed for the total sample. When the groups were compared, the complete model showed some differences between them, suggesting that Communication and Interactivity would impact Internet Usage for BOP young people, however, those factors wouldn’t be relevant to explain the use of the internet by middle and upper classes young ones. When Communication construct is removed, the hypotheses are verified in both groups, what indicates no difference between them. The result of the first model was attributed to the influence of Communication construct and it was concluded that there are no differences between groups. The results contribute to the theory of digital generation and the theory of BOP consumers and leads to some marketing opportunities turned to BOP young people.
30
Belt, A. (Aino). „Kun työrauha horjuu:kotitalousopettajien käsityksiä työrauhahäiriöistä ja niiden taustatekijöistä“. Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2013. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526202372.
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Abstract Working peace is a basic requirement for teaching and learning, yet it provides constant challenge for teachers. Although working peace and working peace disturbances at school are well known phenomena, there is little specific knowledge of working peace in home economics, despite home economics differing from the other subjects of comprehensive school upper classes. Furthermore, where knowledge does exist, it seldom appears to be fully exploited. The purpose of this study is to increase understanding of working peace disturbances within home economics. By examining home economics teachers’ perceptions of working peace, this doctoral dissertation aims to clarify how working peace disturbances are seen by those who are in the key position to solve them. The topic is approached by using phenomenography that enables clarification of variations in individual views. Consequently, the everyday thinking within the target group becomes visible. The data for this study were collected by interviewing 14 home economics teachers in Northern Finland. The interview themes followed three viewpoints derived from scientific literature: how to define working peace disturbances, what are seen as factors behind working peace disturbances, and how to intervene in these disturbances. Based on the findings of this study, home economics teachers’ perceptions of working peace can be condensed into four categories of perception representing an expanding awareness of working peace disturbances. Working peace disturbances can be seen either as an unavoidable nuisance, as a result of deficient resources, as a matter of atmosphere, or as a teaching task. Seeing working peace disturbances as unavoidable does not give constructive options to influence working peace. Focusing on deficiencies in physical learning environments gives useful knowledge for those allocating school resources but does not help with everyday working peace disturbances. On the other hand, seeing working peace disturbances as questions of atmosphere or as teaching tasks shifts the focus to issues that teachers can influence. The teacher can aim to improve classroom atmosphere or teach proper code of conduct, potentially resulting in better working peace. A teacher’s experience of their personal abilities to influence working peace disturbances is a crucial part of the teacher’s well-being and resilience at workTiivistelmä Työrauha on opetuksen ja oppimisen perusedellytys, ja sen turvaaminen tuottaa jatkuvasti haasteita opettajille. Työrauha ja työrauhahäiriöt ovat ilmiöinä hyvin tunnettuja, mutta kotitaloustuntien työrauhasta on niukasti täsmätietoa, vaikka kotitalous oppiaineena poikkeaa muista yläkoulun oppiaineista. Toisaalta työrauhahäiriöistä olemassa olevakin tutkimustieto vaikuttaa puutteellisesti hyödynnetyltä. Tämän työn tarkoituksena on lisätä ymmärrystä kotitaloustuntien työrauhahäiriöistä. Selvittämällä kotitalousopettajien omia käsityksiä työrauhahäiriöistä saadaan esiin se, millaisina työrauhahäiriöt näyttäytyvät häiriötilanteiden ratkaisujen avainhenkilöille. Tutkimuksen lähestymistapa on fenomenografinen. Fenomenografia tuo näkyviin laadullisesti erilaiset, määrällisesti pienetkin erot kohdejoukon arkiajattelussa. Tutkimusaineisto on koottu haastattelemalla 14 pohjoissuomalaista kotitalousopettajaa. Teemahaastattelujen teemoina olivat seuraavat kolme tieteellisestä kirjallisuudesta johdettua näkökulmaa työrauhahäiriöihin: mitä pidetään työrauhahäiriönä, mitä nähdään työrauhahäiriön taustalla selittävinä tekijöinä ja miten työrauhahäiriöön puututaan. Tämän tutkimuksen mukaan kotitalousopettajien käsitykset työrauhahäiriöistä kiteytyvät neljään laajuudeltaan erilaiseen käsitystapaan. Työrauhahäiriöt voidaan nähdä joko pakollisena riesana, ulkoisten puitteiden puutteina, ilmapiirikysymyksenä tai opetustehtävänä. Käsitystavat kuvastavat työrauhahäiriöitä koskevan tietoisuuden laajenemista pakollisesta riesasta ulkoisten puitteiden kautta ilmapiirikysymykseksi ja opetustehtäväksi. Kaksi viimeistä käsitystapaa ovat laajuudeltaan samantasoisia. Työrauhahäiriöiden näkeminen pakollisena riesana ei anna rakentavia mahdollisuuksia vaikuttaa työrauhaan. Opettajan keskittyminen ulkoisten puitteiden vajavaisuuksiin kertoo opetusjärjestelyjen ja fyysisen oppimisympäristön keskeisyydestä kotitalousopetuksessa. Tällainen tieto on tarpeellinen koulujen resursseista päättäville, mutta ei auta arjen työrauhahäiriötilanteissa. Työrauhahäiriöiden kokeminen ilmapiirikysymykseksi tai opetustehtäväksi suuntaa huomion sellaisiin tekijöihin, joihin opettaja voi itse vaikuttaa. Opettajan kokemus omasta kyvykkyydestä työrauhan ylläpitämisessä on keskeinen osa opettajan työhyvinvointia ja työssäjaksamista
31
De, Roest D'Alkenade Valérie. „Pour un abord micro-sociologique de la haute société bruxelloise“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210670.
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Cooper, Dana Calise. „Informal ambassadors American women, transatlantic marriages, and Anglo-American relations, 1865-1945 /“. Fort Worth, Tex. : Texas Christian University, 2006. http://etd.tcu.edu/etdfiles/available/etd-12052006-133451/unrestricted/cooper.pdf.
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33
Baraka, Magda S. „Class relations and interclass perceptions in twentieth century Egypt (1920-1950)“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241292.
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Marsing, Nick. „Upper-Class Adolescent Delinquency: Theory and Observation“. DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/868.
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Delinquency in adolescence has captured the imagination of thinkers and researchers for generations. In this thesis, a unique segment of adolescent delinquency is examined: delinquency in upper-class adolescents. My experience working in residential treatment centers was a catalyst for this research and inspired the primary question which guides the work: "Why would upper-class adolescents commit delinquent acts?" In an attempt to answer this question, the "Big Three" (strain, control, and social learning) sociological theories of crime and delinquency are used to explore upper-class or "elite" delinquency. After examining each theory I demonstrate how none of them, individually, can adequately explain this phenomenon. Thus, I present an integrated approach to understanding upper-class or "elite" delinquency.
35
Favier, Elsa. „Énarques et femmes : le genre dans la haute fonction publique“. Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0153.
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Entre 2001 et 2017, la part des femmes dans la haute fonction publique d’État est passée de 12% à 40%. La féminisation des élites administratives, et plus largement des lieux de pouvoir, constitue un bouleversement social majeur des dernières décennies. Si les mécanismes d’exclusion des femmes sont aujourd’hui bien identifiés, la féminisation a été peu analysée pour elle-même. C’est l’objet de cette thèse, qui s’appuie sur une enquête ethnographique et statistique portant sur les femmes passées par l’ENA. Comment est-il devenu possible que des femmes accèdent à des positions de pouvoir au sein de l’État historiquement monopolisées par des hommes ? Qui sont celles qui peuvent prétendre à ces positions professionnelles en haut de la hiérarchie sociale ? Comment s’approprient-elles des rôles prestigieux, associés au masculin ? Pour répondre à ces questions, cette thèse mobilise deux cadres analytiques principaux : une perspective intersectionnelle qui articule, sans les hiérarchiser, rapports de classe et rapports de genre ; une sociologie de la socialisation, tant familiale, scolaire que professionnelle. Ce faisant, elle éclaire de manière inédite la sociologie des élites administratives, la sociologie des classes supérieures et les dynamiques de genre dans les lieux de pouvoirBetween 2001 and 2017 the share of women in the senior civil service increased from 12% to 40%. The feminization of the administrative elites, and more broadly of places of power, has been a major social change of the past decades. While the mechanisms of women's exclusion are now well understood, feminization has been under-investigated. This is the topic of this dissertation, which is based on an ethnographic investigation and a statistical analysis on women who graduated from the ENA. How did it become possible for women to reach positions of power within the state that were historically monopolized by men? Who are the women who can access these professional positions at the top of the social hierarchy? How do they appropriate prestigious masculine roles? To address these questions, the dissertation uses two main analytical frameworks: an intersectional approach that articulates both class and gender relationships; and a sociology of family, school and professional socialization. The thesis sheds new light on the sociology of administrative elites, the sociology of the upper classes, and gender dynamics in places of power
36
Bhandari, Parul. „Spouse selection in New Delhi : a study of upper middle class marriages“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708142.
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Dettori, François. „La bourgeoisie messine à l'aune de ses espaces et de ses caractéristiques socio-économiques : homogénéité ou disparité ?“ Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0055.
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Moins soumis à l’investigation sociologique, les « Beaux quartiers » n’en demeurent pas moins en France des espaces ségrégatifs de premier plan. Les études et travaux de recherche relatifs à la bourgeoisie et aux espaces de la bourgeoisie sont en outre souvent orientés vers les grandes villes françaises à l’instar de Paris, Lyon ou Marseille. Une ville de taille plus modeste comme Metz n’a jamais été étudiée au seul prisme de sa population bourgeoise.Ce travail de thèse a ainsi pour objectif de rendre compte des caractéristiques socio-économiques de la bourgeoisie messine et de la manière dont elle se distribue au sein de l’aire urbaine messine entendue comme la ville centre de Metz augmentée de sa banlieue et de sa couronne périurbaine. Notre recherche s’appuie sur un matériau empirique constitué d’entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès de membres représentatifs de la bourgeoisie messine ou de grandes familles messines mais aussi auprès de spécialistes divers (agents immobiliers spécialisés dans les biens de prestige, historiens de l’art, etc.). Afin d’appréhender la bourgeoisie messine dans toute sa complexité, nous avons également eu recours à divers indicateurs statistiques, cartographiques ou encore à du matériau photographique.L’étude se propose d’abord de présenter un état de l’art sur les fragmentations sociales et territoriales en France visant notamment à mettre en exergue la ghettoïsation vers le haut. L’étude fait ensuite apparaître les grands repères sur la richesse et son estimation tout en en précisant les aspects représentationnels et multidimensionnels. En outre, sont également explicités les enjeux et les difficultés à étudier la richesse et la bourgeoisie. La bourgeoisie messine est par ailleurs étudiée ensuite au quadruple prisme de sa distribution résidentielle, de ses espaces de sociabilité, de ses caractéristiques socio-économiques et socio- électorales mais également - après une mise en perspective historique – de quelques grandes familles emblématiques de la ville.Enfin, l’étude décrit et analyse de manière comparative, un espace de la bourgeoisie messine – le quartier Nouvelle-Ville – en donnant à voir et à comprendre des éléments de morphologie urbaine et sociale et en y explicitant les moteurs de choix résidentiels et les pratiques de l’entre-soi afférentes aux habitants de ce quartierAlthough the "Beaux quartiers” are less subject to sociological investigation, they remain prominent segregated spaces in France. Studies and research on the bourgeoisie and on specific spaces of the bourgeoisie are often focused on large French cities such as Paris, Lyons or Marseilles. A smaller city such as Metz has never been studied solely in terms of its bourgeois population.The objective of this dissertation is to examine the socioeconomic characteristics of the Metz bourgeoisie and the way in which it is distributed within the Metz urban area. The latter encompasses the central city of Metz and also its suburbs and suburban ring. Our research is based on empirical material consisting of semi-structured interviews conducted with representative members of the Metz bourgeoisie or highly regarded bourgeois and aristocratic Metz families, as well as with various specialists (real estate agents specialising in prestigious properties, art historians, etc.). In order to grasp the complexity of the Metz bourgeoisie, various statistical and cartographic indicators but also photographic material were used.Firstly, the study presents a state of the art on social and territorial fragmentation in France so as to highlight upward ghettoization.Secondly, the study sheds light on the main benchmarks of wealth and its estimation, while specifying the representational and multidimensional aspects. In addition, the challenges and difficulties of studying wealth and the bourgeoisie are also explained.The Metz bourgeoisie is then studied through the fourfold prism of its residential distribution, its sociability spaces, its socio-economic and socio-electoral characteristics, but also the prism of some of the city's great emblematic families – after a historical perspective.Finally, the study describes and comparatively analyses a particular space of the Metz bourgeoisie – the “Nouvelle Ville” neighbourhood – by showing elements of urban and social morphology and by explaining the criteria of residential selection and the forms of sociability specific to the inhabitants of this rich self-segregated neighbourhood
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Bronfman, Caroline Nemetz. „Avaliação das vias aéreas superiores por meio de tomografia computadorizada Cone-beam em pacientes Classe III submetidos à cirurgia bimaxilar“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25144/tde-16092016-150643/.
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Introdução: Dependendo da magnitude da má oclusão de Classe III, esta é uma alteração difícil de ser tratada apenas com a correção ortodôntica. Tanto as cirurgias de recuo mandibular quanto as bimaxilares promovem uma melhora na oclusão, na função mastigatória e na estética facial, ao corrigirem as posições da mandíbula e/ou maxila, mas um importante aspecto da cirurgia ortognática, que não pode ser negligenciado, são os efeitos que os movimentos esqueléticos das bases ósseas podem provocar na região das vias aéreas, ao alterar a posição do osso hióide e da língua. O estreitamento das vias aéreas superiores (VAS) pode comprometer o sono dos pacientes submetidos à correção cirúrgica e predispor ao desenvolvimento da apneia/hipopneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS). Objetivos: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as alterações de volume e área axial mínima do espaço aéreo faringeo em pacientes com má oclusão de Classe III esquelética, submetidos à cirurgia ortognática bimaxilar, pela técnica de osteotomia Le Fort I da maxila e osteotomia sagital bilateral da mandíbula. Material e Métodos: As avaliações foram feitas em tomografias computadorizadas Cone-beam, utilizando-se o Programa Dolphin Imaging 11.7. As tomografias de 50 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com média de idade de 33,40 (± 9,38) anos, foram analisadas nos períodos pré e pósoperatório e as medidas de volume e área axial mínima foram mensuradas. Foi utilizado o teste t pareado e os testes foram realizados utilizando-se o programa Statistica 7.0, adotando-se um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: ao calcular o erro do método, não foram encontrados erros casuais e nem sistemáticos (p> 0,05 em todas as medidas). As cirurgias bimaxilares para correção da Classe III esquelética promoveram um aumento de 16,68% (±22,61) no volume e 23,58% (± 31,46) na área axial mínima. Conclusões: Mesmo que os efeitos da cirurgia de avanço maxilar e recuo mandibular sobre as vias aéreas não sejam completamente previsíveis, podemos observar que a maioria dos pacientes não apresentaram prejuízos na anatomia faringeana que resulte em diminuição do volume aéreo e área axial mínima, predispondo-o ao desenvolvimento da AOS.Introduction: Depending on the extend of Class III malocclusion, it becomes difficult to be treated only with orthodontic correction. Both mandibular setback surgery as bimaxillary surgery, promote an improvement in occlusion, masticatory function and facial aesthetics, correcting the position of the mandible and/or maxilla. But an important aspect of orthognathic surgery that cant be overlooked, are the effects that the skeletal movements of the bone bases causes in the airway space, since they change the position of the hyoid bone and tongue. The narrowing of the pharingeal airway space (PAS) may impair the patient\'s sleep and predispose to the development of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Purpose: This study aims to evaluate surgical changes in the airway volume and minimal cross-sectional area in the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion, submitted to bimaxillary surgery, using a Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy technique. Material and Methods: The evaluations were made through Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), using Dolphin Imaging program version 11.7. The CT scans of 50 patients of both genders, with a mean age of 33.40 (± 9.38), were analyzed pre and postoperatively and volume and minimum axial area were measured. Paired t test was used and tests were performed using Statistica 7.0 software, adopting a 5% significance level. Results: Method error were done and no random or systematic errors were found (p> 0.05 for all measures). Bimaxillary surgery for skeletal Class III correction promoted an increase of 16.68% (± 22.61) in volume and 23.58% (± 31.46) at the minimum axial area. Conclusion: Even if the effects of the maxillary advancement and mandibular setback surgery on the airway are not completely predictable, we observed that most patients didnt have pharyngeal airway anatomy damage, that could result decreased on airway volume and minimum axial area predisposing to OSA development.
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Heasley, Gwendolyn Volz Yong. „Upper-class women reading celebrity news audience reception study on celebrity news viewed through the lens of class /“. Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6529.
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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on November 17, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Yong Volz. Includes bibliographical references.
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Anaya, Hernández Armando. „Site interaction and political geography in the Upper Usumacinta region during the Late Classic, a GIS approach“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ47882.pdf.
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Dogan, Oguzhan. „Upper Elementary Mathematics Curriculum In Turkey: A Critical Discourse Analysis“. Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614470/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this study was to trace the reflections of critical issues, such as neo-liberalism, cultural differences based on social class, gender stereotyping, and nationalism in the elementary mathematics education in Turkey. Critical discourse analysis was conducted to examine these possible reflections. By researching mathematics education from a critical perspective, this study aimed to contribute constructing a starting point for socially responsible mathematics education. There were four main data sources in the study: elementary mathematics curriculum, 6th, 7th, and 8th grade elementary mathematics textbooks, workbooks and teacher&rsquos guide books, 7th grade mathematics classroom observations, and pre- and post-interviews with participant teacher. The discourse analysis of mathematics education contexts implied that elementary mathematics discourse: (i) oriented students to use their mathematical abilities and skills for the benefit of private corporations instead of public welfare
(ii) replaced the &lsquo
real life&rsquo
in mathematics problems with the life of middle and upper middle classes
(iii) included sexist expressions
and (iv) fostered nationalism via ignoring ethnic and non-Muslim groups living in Turkey. It appeared that teachers might not be aware of such discourse. Findings have addressed that policy makers and textbook writers should consider these critical issues in order to reach all students and teachers&rsquo
awareness should be increased. Future research should clarify these issues in a broad sense including pre-service teachers, teachers, students, and mathematics instruction in schools.
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Bouloc, Caroline. „Les élites dans les villes polonaises : étude de géographie sociale“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010721/document.
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Le passage d’un système politique socialiste à un système capitaliste a engendré de grands bouleversements structuraux dans les espaces urbains polonais après 1989. Les élites, grandes gagnantes dans ce processus, redéfinissent les distances sociale et spatiale entre elles et les autres catégories sociales. Pour cerner les nouvelles dynamiques spatiales des élites polonaises, cette thèse s’appuie à la fois sur une analyse quantitative des changements dans la répartition spatiale des classes supérieures dans les trois plus grandes villes polonaises (Varsovie, Cracovie et Łódź), ainsi que sur des entretiens réalisés avec des représentants de cette catégorie plus particulièrement à Varsovie. Elle présente en premier lieu les résultats sociaux et urbains de la transition politique et économique démontrant que les élites ont réussi à se redéfinir dans ce nouveau contexte. Ensuite, une comparaison à macro-échelle de l’évolution des concentrations des classes supérieures dans ces trois villes de la moitié du XIXe siècle à 2002 a permis de prouver la persistance des mécanismes sociaux de distinction dans l’espace aux différentes époques. Les beaux quartiers d’avant-guerre n’ont ainsi jamais réellement disparu durant le socialisme, malgré une homogénéisation relative à l’échelle intra-urbaine. L’espace social en 2002 présente néanmoins une baisse des concentrations des classes supérieures s’expliquant en partie par la diffusion de ce groupe dans l’espace urbain après 1989. Enfin, l’analyse des comportements et des préférences résidentielles, ainsi que des représentations et des pratiques sociales des élites varsoviennes, a permis de mettre en relief différents comportements spatiaux suivant les élites, une constance des représentations mentales, mais aussi une évolution des pratiques sociales dans la villeAfter 1989, the transition from a socialist to a capitalist economic system created major structural changes in Polish urban areas. Élites, great winners in this process, are redefining social and spatial distances between themselves and other social groups. This thesis combines quantitative approaches in the analysis of the three largest cities of Poland (Warsaw, Cracow and Lodz) with qualitative analysis (interviews with representatives of Warsaw’s élites) in order to identify the new spatial dynamics of Polish élites. Firstly, this study presents the social and urban changes due to the political and economic transition of Poland, and explains how the élites are able to redefine themselves in this new environment. A comparison of the concentrations of the upper classes in the three cities (from the mid-nineteenth century to 2002) helps to prove the persistence of social mechanisms of distinction in space at different times. Despite the homogenization of social space during socialism, pre-war good neighbourhoods never really disappeared. Against all expectations, social space in 2002 presents lower concentrations of the upper classes than before 1989, due to social dispersion. Finally, the analysis of élites’ residential preferences and behaviours, together with the analysis of élites’ representations and social practices in Warsaw, helps to highlight different spatial practices according to the type of élite. Changes in social practices within the city occurred against a background of stable mental representations
Przejście od systemu socjalistycznego do systemu kapitalistycznego przyczyniło się do poważnych zmian strukturalnych w polskich miastach po 1989 roku. Elity, jako wielcy wygrani tego procesu, na nowo ustanawiają dystansy społeczne i przestrzenne między sobą a innymi grupami społecznymi. Poniższa rozprawa doktorska opiera się zarówno na analizie ilościowej, przeprowadzonej w trzech największych miastach w Polsce (Warszawa, Kraków i Łódź) jak i jakościowej, w postaci wywiadów z przedstawicielami tej kategorii w Warszawie. Zastosowanie metod ilościowych i jakościowych umożliwiło identyfikację nowej dynamiki przestrzennej polskich elit. W rozprawie doktorskiej przedstawiono zmiany tkanki miejskiej oraz przemiany społeczne, będące wynikiem procesu transformacji systemowej oraz wyjaśniono w jaki sposób elity definiują się ponownie w nowym środowisku. Porównanie koncentracji wyższych kategorii społecznych w skali makro w trzech miastach od połowy XIX wieku do 2002 r. potwierdziło trwałość społecznych mechanizmów wyróżnianiania się tej grupy w przestrzeni w różnych okresach. Przedwojenne prestiżowe dzielnice nie znikły w okresie socjalizmu, pomimo homogenizacji społecznej w skali miasta. Niemniej jednak, koncentracja klasy wyższej w 2002 r. była niższa niż w 1988 r., z powodu rozpraszania się tej kategorii w przestrzeni miasta. Przeprowadzona analiza zachowań i preferencji mieszkaniowych, jak również analiza percepcji i praktyk społecznych warszawskich elit, uwypukliły odmienność zachowań społecznych elit. Poza tym, zmianie uległy również praktyki społeczne elit w mieście, podczas gdy percepcja społeczna i przestrzenna pozostały niezmienione
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Gosling, Sally Catherine. „Sex and gender roles in gentle and noble families, c.1575-1660, with a particular focus on marriage formation“. n.p, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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PATEL, BENITA. „To be or not to be-A study of luxury consumption“. Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20189.
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AbstractThe fashion industry is today one of the most interesting, exciting and fast-moving industriesin the world. On the streets we can see people wearing all kind of brands, both fast fashionbrands and luxury brands. Some people mix different brands, while some people stick toeither fast fashion or luxury brands. Today people wear different brands to express theirpersonal style but also social and class relationships.The purpose of this study is to find out why some consumers prefer to purchase luxury brandsinstead of fast fashion and what added value is given to them so they choose luxury. It alsodeals with what kind of people purchase luxury brands and if there are any differences. Tosucceed with this study I have therefore made a qualitative study where interviews were madewith several store managers at luxury brand stores in central Stockholm and observations.I found from this research that the consumers of luxury brands purchase luxury because of thequality that they receive and the service. The consumers are very quality conscious andbelieve it is more sustainable to purchase something that has good quality than buyingsomething that is cheap with poor quality. They also choose luxury brands because ofexpertise from the personnel, and personal contact between the store assistants and theconsumer. Consumers purchase a whole concept when they choose luxury. They chooseluxury because of the experience they receive that cannot be given at fast fashion stores.I also found from this research that there is a mixture of consumers who purchase luxurybrands. There is all kind of consumers, everything from upper class, brat wannabes, andmiddle class, younger consumers to old grand parents. Some purchase luxury brands for thequality and some for the status it gives them.Besides of why consumers choose luxury brands and what consumers who actually purchase Ifound that consumer of luxury brands have changed in the past ten years. It used to be onlyupper class but more and more luxury brands have widen their target group by offeringproducts that are less expensive so more people can afford it, but still in the frame of what isluxury.Key definitions: Fast fashion, luxury brands, upper class, brat wannabes, and social class.Program: Magisterutbildning i fashion management med inriktning modemarknadsföring
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Wells, Shelley Lorraine. „Grave Matters: A Presentation and Comparative Analysis of the Late Classic Burials from Guajilar, Chiapas, Mexico“. BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8794.
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This thesis aims to identify the possible origins of the peoples who immigrated into the archaeological sites of Guajilar and Lagartero, located in the upper Grijalva River Basin region in southern Chiapas, Mexico, during the Late Classic period (AD 650-900). First, I present the Late Classic burial data from both sites according to four basic descriptive criteria: burial location, grave type, burial type, and grave goods. Then, I conduct a comparative analysis of the burial practices found at these two sites based on these criteria so that patterns in burial practices can be identified. Following the comparative analysis between Guajilar and Lagartero, I then compare their burial practices to those from two sites in the southern Maya Lowlands (Altar de Sacrificios and Seibal) and those found at various sites in the Guatemala Highlands (which border the upper Grijalva River Basin region to the north and east, respectively). The analysis reveals greater similarities in burial practices with sites in the Guatemala Highlands than with those in the southern Maya Lowlands. This suggests that peoples from the Guatemala Highlands were more likely to have immigrated into Guajilar and Lagartero during the Late Classic period.
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Boyle, Christina-Anne. „A social analysis of the upper ranks of the Scottish peerage, 1587-1625 /“. Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21195.
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This study looks broadly at the composition of the Scottish peerage in James VI's reign, and specifically at a subset, of the Scottish aristocracy who bore the titles of viscount or better between the years 1587 and 1625. Eighty-five subjects are identified, and classified according to the age of their titles, their religious leanings and the geographical regions from which their titles and powers were drawn, to form anumber of distinct groups---the established nobility, new peers, Protestants, Catholics (both overt and conforming), peers from the highlands and isles, peers from central Scotland, and peers from the Anglo-Scottish border region.A social analysis of the total body of these peers and its sub-groupings is undertaken, and focuses on patterns associated with their birth, descent, education, succession, marriage, fertility and death. Where appropriate, the results are compared with data available from studies of the contemporary English aristocracy. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Meinhart, Michelle M. „Remembering the “Event": Music and Memory in the Life Writing of English Aristocratic and Genteel Women of the Long Nineteenth Century“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367945216.
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Dawson, Susan Elaine. „A Blueprint for Cold War Citizenship: Upper Class Women in the U.S. Foreign Policy, 1945-1963“. The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1252438053.
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Robinson, Jody. „The loveliest lake in the New Dominion : Montreal villégiateurs on Lake Memphremagog, 1860-1914“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6533.
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In the early 1860s, wealthy English Montrealers began to purchase property on the shores of Lake Memphremagog to build lavish summer estates. Each year, these upper-class businessmen and their families would spend a significant part of the summer at their country houses, swimming in Lake Memphremagog, boating, playing lawn tennis and visiting fellow Montrealers. The emergence of summer residences on Lake Memphremagog was part of a broader trend towards villegiature, or tourism, in Quebec, and in North America, that largely resulted from the rise of the Industrial Revolution and the Romantic Movement. This research analyses the architecture and landscaping of the nineteenth-century summer residences on Lake Memphremagog as it seeks to understand the factors that brought wealthy Montrealers to this lake in the 1860s. It also examines how their upper-class background affected the way they experienced leisure while at the lake. Through this study, it becomes evident that Romanticism and upper-class values significantly influenced the location and styles chosen by the Montrealers for their estates. Additionally, an examination of the social and recreational activities of the summer residents on Lake Memphremagog indicates that the Montrealers re-created much of their urban social sphere in the country, associating mainly with other upper-class families and pursuing many of the same activities. Nonetheless, the primary sources indicate that the relationship between the local residents and the summer residents was generally a positive one.
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Ure, Kellyanne. „The Tractarian Penny Post's Early Years (1851–1852): An Upper-Class Effort "To Triumph in the Working Man's Home"“. BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2350.
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The Penny Post (1851–1896), a religious working-class magazine, was published following a critical time for the Oxford Movement, a High Church movement in the Church of England. The Oxford Movement's ideas were leaving the academic atmosphere of Oxford and traveling throughout the local parishes, where the ideals of Tractarian teachings met the harsh realities of practice and the motivations and beliefs of the working-class parishioners. The upper-class paternalistic ideologies of the Oxford Movement were not reflected in the parishes, and the working-classes felt distanced from their place in religious worship. The Penny Post was published and written by Tractarian clergymen and followers to "triumph in the Working Man's Home," attempting to convince a working-class audience that the upper-class Tractarian clergymen and parishioners both understood and wanted to help the poorer peoples of society. However, an analysis of the Penny Post reveals that its creators had more complex motives and were targeting a more diverse audience than they claimed. Because of these complexities, the Penny Post's creators could not reconcile the discrepancies between working-class ideologies and upper-class ideologies; the Penny Post, in the end, undermined its own intended purposes. The elements of the magazine that attempted to address working-class concerns were overshadowed by other elements that, while appearing to address working-class concerns, directly targeted an upper-class audience. This dichotomy of purpose—simultaneously addressing different classes with different, often contradictory, beliefs—reveals the multifaceted nature of the Penny Post's efforts to reach their audiences. The Penny Post is a magazine that simultaneously addresses an upper-class audience and a working-class audience, a duality that creates ideological contradictions and tensions throughout the magazine. These tensions reflect the class issues within Victorian society and the ways religious movements dealt with those tensions in periodicals like the Penny Post. The Penny Post provides an important look into how the Oxford Movement, a movement not known for its understanding of and interest in the working classes, did attempt to reach and understand the working classes through periodical literature.