Dissertationen zum Thema „V-CMT“

In presented diploma thesis is studied problematics of welding of high strength steels. This work also describes arc welding in protective atmosphere CMT Advanced. In experimental part of this work is CMT Advanced method compared with conventional arc welding in protective atmosphere in shortcut mode used for welding of Hardox 450 and Weldox 700 E. Comparing of mechanical properties of weld material are realized via transverse tensile testing and measuring of microhardness. Macrostructure and microstructure of weld was evaluated too. In the last part of this thesis is a brief economical assessment of both studied methods.

This research work focuses on a comparative study on weld bead geometries of three different welding techniques: Cold Metal Transfer (CMT), Metal Inert Gas Pulse Synergic (MIG P) and MIG Manual Standard (MIG M). Bead-on-plate tests were performed using ER4043 (AlSi5%) as a filler material on the 3.18 mm thick plates of AA6061-T6. Current (80 A, 100 A and 120 A) and welding speed (7.5, 10.5 and 13.5 mm/sec) were used as input process parameters while shielding gas flow rate and contact tip to workpiece distance (CTWD) were maintained constant as 15 l/min and 10mm respectively. The weld beads processed by all the three techniques are compared by analysing the weld bead geometry. Microstructural characterization is carried out using optical microscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). CMT has high dilution and penetration with low heat input. Compared to MIG P and MIG M, CMT shows a drastic reduction in residual stresses. Multi-response mathematical model is established for prediction of weld bead geometry in CMT, MIG P and MIG M welding of AA6061-T6 using ER4043 (AlSi5%) as a filler material. Central composite face-centered design (CCFCD) under response surface methodology (RSM) is employed to develop the design matrix for conducting the experiments. The developed model is employed in finding the optimal process parameters for good weld bead aesthetics. Current (I) and welding speed (S) are opted as input process parameters for response output such as penetration, dilution and heat input. This model is proficient to forecast the main effects and interactive effects of two factor of the opted welding process parameters. Results show that higher current values with low welding speed results in deeper penetration, high amount of dilution with higher heat input and vice versa. With lower heat input, CMT has high dilution and penetration with respect to MIG P and MIG M welding. The optimal process parameters are 92.518A and 7.50mm/sec for CMT, 109.418A and 10.873mm/sec for MIG P, 110.847A and 11.527mm/sec for MIG M with 61.11%, 68.80% and 72.6% desirability, respectively. Predicted output values generated from regression model equation obtained from welding process parameters are very close and sometimes overlaid on actual output that obviously demonstrates the suitability of the second order regression equations. A vi good amount of penetration and dilution with low heat input is required for better joint efficiency. The requirements projected by many industries for stronger, lighter, more efficient and cost-effective combined alloys in the welding of two dissimilar materials or dissimilar thickness. The current industry trend is the coalescence of various aluminium alloys of varying thicknesses. CMT welding process was used for joining of AA6061-T6 and AA6082-T6 using ER4043 filler wire and inspected the effect of different process parameters on mechanical properties of welded butt joints. Current (I), welding speed or travel speed (TS) and gas flow rate (Q) are the input welding process parameters that are to be optimized. Different heat input is studied w.r.t welding speed, current and gas flow rate. Heat inputs ranging from 100+, 200+ and 300+ J/mm is achieved at constant welding speed of 9, 7 and 5 mm/sec respectively at variable currents and flow rates. Bead geometry variables such as penetration (P), reinforcement (R) and contact angle (CA) are distinguished at different heat inputs. Mechanical properties such as tensile test and microhardness for different heat input were investigated. Microstructural characterization of base metal (BM), fusion line (FL) and weld metal (WM) is carried out. High-Resolution X-ray Diffraction (HR-XRD) technique based on cosα method is used for residual stress measurements at different heat inputs. Tensile fractured surfaces were examined by FESEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Butt joints of various different process parameters were fabricated with the help of full factorial CCFCD under RSM to optimize the tensile properties, microhardness and residual stresses. Grey relation analysis (GRA) with Principal component analysis (PCA) is incorporated with CCFCD for finding out the optimal process parameter by considering multi-response parameters simultaneously. ANOVA was executed to interpret the impact of process parameters on the mechanical properties of the weldments. Results showed that the most dominant process parameter was found to be the welding speed. The optimal process parameter obtained via GRA-PCA technique is I3-TS1-Q1 (I - 100 A, TS - 5 mm/sec and Q - 14 L/min having heat input 352 J/mm) which produces 226 MPa of ultimate tensile strength, 12.6 % of elongation, 68.7 HV of microhardness and -152.3 MPa of compressive residual vii stress. Desirability of optimality level obtained through CCFCD was 65.99 % and significantly improved to 97.07 % through GRA-PCA. Nowadays, to enhance the structural efficiency, ultrasonic vibrations are combined with other manufacturing processes such as welding. It gives considerable advantages in terms of improved mechanical properties, adequate surface strength, improved material flow and uniform grain growth etc. Ultrasonic assisted cold metal transfer (U-CMT) welding is performed to fabricate the joints and improvements in mechanical properties and microstructural modifications are studied. Non-destructive technique (NDT) such as radiography technique (RT) is used to test weld consistency. Results revealed improved weld bead geometry with the aid of ultrasonic vibrations for the same welding parameters. The tensile strength and micro-hardness are enhanced. Samples with ultrasonic vibration experiences grain refining as compared to without vibration samples. As compared with CMT, U-CMT joints are rich in Al-Si eutectic structure. Al-Si structure is in globular form with reduced porosity level.

This masters thesis deals with the Semantic Web, its link to existing Web and the technologies, that produce it. It also deals with its current use in practice, further examines the deployment in web content management systems and proposes semantic extensions for the Kentico CMS.

The work concern about the support of semantics in known content managing systems. It is describing the possibilities of use for these technologies and their public accessibility. We find out, that today's technologies and methods are in the state of public inducting. In the question of semantic support in CMS Drupal we developed a tool for extending its support of semantic formats. This tool allows CMS Drupal to export its information in a Topic Maps format. For this it uses the XTM file.

Aim of this diploma thesis is to map semantic features of CMS Drupal version 7. The goal of the first part of this work is to theoretically describe semantic web problematic and CMS Drupal. The second -- practical part of this work maps in details all the features of semantic web, which are supported by described CMS Drupal. These semantic features are mapped in two different points of views -- implementation and functional. Main contribution of this work is the method used to map these features. It's based on Drupal plugins code modification and revision in order to draw or demonstrate these features, which are not necessarily completely documented or functional. Furthermore all of these features are demonstrated on examples created as a part of this thesis. Finally the last part of this work compares these mapped features to similar CMS systems.

The subject of this thesis is content management systems (CMS) with a focus on an open source CMS Wordpress, which is designed for creating and managing content of the web sites. Also there are explained advantages and disadvantages of using CMS in commercial and non-commercial environment on two specific projects. Based on the analysis, some recommendations have been proposed for both projects.

The first part of this thesis is devoted to the General Convention of CMR, CMR consignment note, obligatory data which are necessary to write in and to the parties acting on the transport market. The second part will focus on the carrier's liability as same as liability of other parties, insurance carrier's liability for loss, damage or destruction of the consignment, lapse, complaint and insurance. This issue will be demonstrated and will discuss with the court decisions. The next section will be described and analyzed electronic CMR. This section tries to evaluate the positives and negatives of its use in practice and its future. In particular, this part will be engaged in research which has implemented among members by the International Road Transport Union.

This thesis deals with the background of the design of a highly available, scalable and modular content management system based on the Java EE platform and the OSGi framework and with the implementation of the designed system. It describes the design and implementation of the application decomposition to modules, their communication and bindings. Finally, it presents the results of the application testing and proposes available extensions of the application.

In the data mining process, it is necessary to prepare the source dataset - for example, to select the cutting or grouping of continuous data attributes etc. and use the knowledge from the problem area. Such a preparation process can be guided by background (domain) knowledge obtained from experts. In the SEWEBAR project, we collect the knowledge from experts in a rich XML-based representation language, called BKEF, using a dedicated editor, and save into the database of our custom-tailored (Joomla!-based) CMS system. Data mining tools are then able to generate, from this dataset, mining models represented in the standardized PMML format. It is then necessary to map a particular column (attribute) from the dataset (in PMML) to a relevant 'metaattribute' of the BKEF representation. This specific type of schema mapping problem is addressed in my thesis in terms of algorithms for automatic suggestion of mapping of columns to metaattributes and from values of these columns to BKEF 'metafields'. Manual corrections of this mapping by the user are also supported. The implementation is based on the PHP language and then it was tested on datasets with information about courses taught in 5 universities in the U.S.A. from Illinois Semantic Integration Archive. On this datasets, the auto-mapping suggestion process archieved the precision about 70% and recall about 77% on unknown columns, but when mapping the previously user-mapped data (using implemented learning module), the recall is between 90% and 100%.

Nanoparticles (NPs) have unique electronic, optical and chemical properties due to the extreme small size. Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are intentionally produced for desired applications, with specific properties related to shape, size, surface properties and chemistry. Nano-sized silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3) and ceria (CeO2) are three important ENPs with large production and wide applications. One of the principal uses of these ENPs is in chemical and mechanical planarization (CMP), a key process applied to polish wafers when fabricating integrated circuits in semiconductor manufacturing, in which SiO2, Al2O3 and CeO2 NPs are used as abrasive particles in CMP slurries. CMP generates large amounts of waste effluents containing high levels of ENPs. Some ENPs have been proven to be able to cause toxicity to microorganisms and higher life forms, including humans. Therefore, there are concerns about the potential risks that ENPs may pose to the natural environment and human health. In addition, III-V materials like indium arsenide (InAs) and gallium arsenide (GaAs) are increasingly used in electronic and photovoltaic devices. Besides ENPs, the waste streams from III-V manufacturing also contain dissolved and particulate materials removed from III-V films during CMP. Arsenic is one of the most notorious contaminants that has been widely studied, while only very limited ecotoxicity information is available for gallium and indium. Finally, since ENPs have high surface area, it is very likely they will interact with the soluble species (such as arsenic ions) in CMP wastewater. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand whether the interactions between these materials could alter their fate and toxicity. The objective of this work is to investigate the potential environmental and health risks from the ENPs and III-V materials used in semiconductor manufacturing. To this end, the physical, chemical and toxicological characterization of ENPs used in CMP was performed (Chapter 3). Furthermore, the fate and transport of the most used ENP, SiO2, in porous media was studied (Chapter 4). In addition, acute toxicity of As(III), As(V), In(III) and Ga(III) species was evaluated using different bioassays (Chapter 5). Finally, the cytotoxicity of ENPs used in CMP slurries to human lung bronchial epithelial cells was evaluated using an impedance based real time cell analysis (RTCA) assay (Chapter 6). In Chapter 3, four model slurries containing ENPs including colloidal silica (c-SiO2), fumed silica (f-SiO2) cerium oxide (CeO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) were characterized for their physical, chemical and toxicological properties. Ecotoxicity of these slurries to the marine bacterium, Aliivibrio fischeri, was evaluated by measuring its bioluminescence activity as a function of the ENP concentration dosed. The results showed that f-SiO2 and CeO2 were not toxic at concentrations up to 700 and 1000 mg/L, respectively. On the other hand, c-SiO2 and Al2O3 were inhibitory only at very high concentrations (>600 mg/L). At about 1300 mg/L, c-SiO2 and Al2O3 led to 37.6% and 28.4% decrease of cell activity after 30 min exposure, respectively. The inhibitory effect from c-SiO2 was related to additives in the slurry. In summary, the results indicate that these slurries are not likely to cause acute toxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations. The potential risks from ENPs are dependent on their fate and transport in the environment. In Chapter 4, the transport and abatement of SiO2 NPs was studied through laboratory scale column experiments. Synthetic fluorescent core-shell SiO2 NPs (83 nm) were used to facilitate NP traceability. Three widely used filtering materials, i.e., sand, anthracite and granular activated carbon (GAC), were used as porous media. Sand showed very poor capacity for the filtration of SiO2 NPs due to its limited surface area and high concentration of negative surface charge. In addition, the stability and transport of SiO2 NP was strongly dependent on the ionic strength of the solution. High ionic strength led to NP agglomeration and facilitated SiO2 NP retention, while low ionic strength resulted in release of captured NPs from the sand bed. Compared to sand, anthracite and GAC showed higher efficiency for SiO2 NP capture. The superior capacity of GAC was primarily due to its porous structure and high surface area. A process model was developed to simulate NP capture in the packed bed columns and determine fundamental attraction parameters. This model provided an excellent fit to the experimental data. Taken together the results obtained indicate that GAC is an interesting material for SiO2 NPs filtration. With the increasing usage of III-V materials, there are concerns about the ecological threats posed by III-V ions released during semiconductor manufacturing and from disposal of decommissioned electronic devices. In Chapter 5, the acute toxicity of As(III), As(V), In(III) and Ga(III) species was evaluated using different bioassays, including three microbial assays, testing for methanogenic activity, O2 uptake and bioluminescence inhibition of marine bacterium A. fischeri. Acute toxicity to the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna was also tested. The results showed that In(III) and Ga(III) were generally not toxic or only mildly toxic in all assays, while both As(III) and As(V) showed strong inhibitory effects on different microbial activities (methanogenic and bioluminescence). The toxicity of these ions was strongly dependent on the bioassay target. For In(III) and Ga(III), D. magna was the most sensitive organism with 50% lethal concentrations (LC50) of 57.4 and 237.0 mg/L, respectively. On the other hand, As(III) and As(V) were particularly toxic to methanogens. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of both species were about 1.5mg/L. Mixed aerobic heterotrophic culture was highly resistant to all four ions and O2 uptake by the aerobes was not affected in the tested concentrations. Overall, the results indicate that the ecotoxicity of In(III) and Ga(III) is much lower than that of the As species. This finding is important in filling the knowledge gap regarding the ecotoxicology of In and Ga. Besides ecotoxicity, ENPs and III-V materials in CMP effluents could also pose a threat to human health. In Chapter 6, the cytotoxicity of CMP slurries to human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-) was assessed using a novel impedance based real time cell analyzer (RTCA). Cell death and detachment was observed in assays supplied with high concentrations of c-SiO2 and f-SiO2 NPs (≥250 mg/L). On the other hand, CeO2 and Al2O3 slurries were not inhibitory at concentrations up to 1250 mg/L. In addition, since CMP wastewater generated during the planarization of III-V films contains a mixture of ENPs and soluble III-V species, it is important to understand whether the interactions between these materials could alter their fate and toxicity. As(III) toxicity to human lung cells in the presence and absence of CeO2 NPs was evaluated using the RTCA assay. Exposure to As(III) (0.5 mg/L) for 48 h resulted in 81.3% inhibition of cell viability and proliferation, while cell inhibition decreased to only 13.0% when As(III) was dosed together with sub-toxic levels of CeO2 NPs (250 mg/L). This detoxification effect was mainly due to As(III) adsorption onto CeO2 NPs. When the NPs were added, the soluble arsenic concentration was reduced significantly from 0.5 mg/L to 0.03 mg/L. This work demonstrates that adsorption of As(III) on CeO2 NPs can lower As(III) concentration in the solution and reduce its bioavailability and subsequently result in As(III) detoxification. In conclusion, this dissertation indicates that the ENPs (SiO2, CeO2 and Al2O3) used in semiconductor industry are not expected to cause acute toxicity to the natural environment and human health under environmentally relevant concentration (<1 mg/L). Among the soluble III-V species, In(III) and Ga(III) showed no or mild acute inhibitory effects in different bioassays even at comparatively high concentration. However arsenic species are highly toxic to various important microbial populations in the environment and human cells. The results showed that arsenic could induce toxic effects under current discharge limit set for semiconductor industry. Finally, we demonstrated that the adsorption of As(III) on CeO2 NPs can lower the concentration of soluble As(III) and subsequently resulted in As(III) detoxification.

The analysis presented in this thesis focuses on two methods developed to estimate, from data, the multi-jet and the V+jets background processes for top quark pair production occuring during proton-proton at LHC. Top quark paires are reconstructed using the CMS detector, exploiting the semi-leptonic decay channel. Both methods have been developed and studied using Monte-Carlo simulated data.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Les cellules musculaires lisses (CML) vasculaires les composants cellulaires principaux de la paroi artérielle, sont exposées constamment aux contraintes mécaniques. Les contraintes mécaniques cycliques régulent de nombreuses fonctions des CML vasculaires via les intégrines. Parmi les intégrines, l'[alpha]v[gamma]3 est non seulement un mécano-transducteur mais aussi le récepteur de la prothrombine à la surface des CML. L?activation de l'intégrine [alpha]v[gamma]3 par les contraintes mécaniques pourrait favoriser l'adhésion des CML à la prothrombine et aussi accélérer la génération de thrombine à la surface des CML. Pour vérifier cette hypothèse, nous avons étudié l'effet des contraintes mécaniques sur la génération de thrombine par les CML et identifié les voies de la signalisation impliquées. Nous avons utilisé un modèle de Flexcell utilisant les CML aortiques de rat, soumises à un étirement cyclique (10%, 1Hz). L'exposition à l'étirement cyclique pendant 1h et 6h induit un phénotype de différenciation et non-apoptotique des CML et une augmentation de l'expression de l'intégrine [alpha]v[gamma]3. Il y a aussi une augmentation de la phosphorylation de Src, FAK, AKT de façon temps dépendant et une augmentation de la phosphorylation de l'ILK à 15 min et du clivage de taline de 5 à 60 min. L'étirement cyclique augmente l'adhésion des CML à la prothrombine et la génération de thrombine avec un effet maximum à 6h de 67% et 30% respectivement. Le peptide mimétique de l'intégrine [alpha]v[gamma]3 (cRGDPV) et le siARN [alpha]v bloquent tous les effets de l'étirement cyclique sur les CML. Le siARN taline inhibe l'expression de la sous-unité [alpha]v et également la phosphorylation de Src, AKT et ILK. Le siARN ILK n'a pas d'effet sur l'expression de l'[alpha]v mais inhibe la phosphorylation d'AKT et le clivage de taline à 6h de l'étirement cyclique. Ainsi, l'étirement cyclique induit une plus forte génération de thrombine par les CML vasculaires via l'activation des voies de signalisation dépendante de l'[alpha]v[gamma]3. Cette étude suggère que la génération de thrombine intravasculaire peut être régulée par des antagonistes de l'intégrine [alpha]v[gamma]3 et peut devenir une nouvelle cible thérapeutique chez les patients avec une pression pulsée élevée
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC), the main cellular components of the arterial wall, are constantly exposed to mechanical stretch. Cyclic mechanical stress regulates many functions of vascular SMC via integrins. Among the integrins, [alpha]v[gamma]3 is not only a mechanotransducer but also the receptor of prothrombin in the vascular SMC. Activation of integrin [alpha]v[gamma]3 by mechanical stretch may promote SMC adhesion to prothrombin and also accelerate thrombin generation on the surface of SMC. To test this hypothesis, we have studied the effect of mechanical stretch on the generation of thrombin by SMC and identified possible signaling pathway involved. We used a Flexcell model using rat aortic SMC subjected to cyclic stretch (10%, 1Hz). Exposure to cyclic stretch for 1h and 6h induced a phenotype of differentiation and non-apoptosis of SMC and an increased expression of integrin [alpha]v[gamma]3. There was also an increase in phosphorylation of Src, FAK, and AKT in a time dependent manner, increased phosphorylation of ILK at 15min and the cleavage of talin from 5 to 60min. Cyclic stretch increased the adhesion of prothrombin to the SMC, and thrombin generation with a maximum effect of 67% and 30% respectively. A peptide mimetic of integrin [alpha]v[gamma]3 (cRGDPV) and [alpha]v siRNA both blocked all the effects of cyclic stretch on SMC. A talin siRNA inhibited the expression of [alpha]v and the phosphorylation of Src, AKT and ILK. An ILK siRNA has no effect on the expression of [alpha]v but inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and the cleavage of talin at 6h of stretch. Thus, cyclic stretch induced a higher thrombin generation by vascular SMC via activation of signaling pathways dependant on [alpha]v[gamma]3. This study suggests that intravascular thrombin generation can be regulated by antagonists of integrin [alpha]v[gamma]3 and can become a new therapeutic target for the patients with a high pulse pressure

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) frequently occur in the deep granitic rock aquifers at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (Äspö HRL), Sweden. The new SRB strain Desulfovibrio äspöensis could be iso-lated. The objective of this project was to explore the basic interaction mechanisms of uranium, curium, neptunium and plutonium with cells of D. äspöensis DSM 10631T. The cells of D. äspöensis were successfully cultivated under anaerobic conditions as well in an optimized bicarbonate-buffered mineral medium as on solid medium at 22 °C. To study the interaction of D. äspöensis with the actinides, the cells were grown to the mid-exponential phase (four days). The collected biomass was usually 1.0±0.2 gdry weight/L. The purity of the used bacterial cultures was verified using microscopic techniques and by applying the Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Enzyme Analysis (ARDREA). The interaction experiments with the actinides showed that the cells are able to remove all four actinides from the surrounding solution. The amount of removed actinide and the interaction mechanism varied among the different actinides. The main U(VI) removal occurred after the first 24 h. The contact time, pH and [U(VI)]initial influence the U removal efficiency. The presence of uranium caused a damaging of the cell membranes. TEM revealed an accumulation of U inside the bacterial cell. D. äspöensis are able to form U(IV). A complex interaction mechanism takes place consisting of biosorption, bioreduction and bioaccumulation. Neptunium interacts in a similar way. The experimental findings are indicating a stronger interaction with uranium compared to neptunium. The results obtained with 242Pu indicate the ability of the cells of D. äspöensis to accumulate and to reduce Pu(VI) from a solution containing Pu(VI) and Pu(IV)-polymers. In the case of curium at a much lower metal concentration of 3x10-7 M, a pure biosorption of Cm(III) on the cell envelope forming an inner-sphere surface complex most likely with organic phosphate groups was detected. To summarize, the strength of the interaction of D. äspöensis with the selected actinides at pH 5 and actinide concentrations ≥10 mg/L ([Cm] 0.07 mg/L) follows the pattern: Cm > U > Pu >> Np.

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) frequently occur in the deep granitic rock aquifers at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (Äspö HRL), Sweden. The new SRB strain Desulfovibrio äspöensis could be iso-lated. The objective of this project was to explore the basic interaction mechanisms of uranium, curium, neptunium and plutonium with cells of D. äspöensis DSM 10631T. The cells of D. äspöensis were successfully cultivated under anaerobic conditions as well in an optimized bicarbonate-buffered mineral medium as on solid medium at 22 °C. To study the interaction of D. äspöensis with the actinides, the cells were grown to the mid-exponential phase (four days). The collected biomass was usually 1.0±0.2 gdry weight/L. The purity of the used bacterial cultures was verified using microscopic techniques and by applying the Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Enzyme Analysis (ARDREA). The interaction experiments with the actinides showed that the cells are able to remove all four actinides from the surrounding solution. The amount of removed actinide and the interaction mechanism varied among the different actinides. The main U(VI) removal occurred after the first 24 h. The contact time, pH and [U(VI)]initial influence the U removal efficiency. The presence of uranium caused a damaging of the cell membranes. TEM revealed an accumulation of U inside the bacterial cell. D. äspöensis are able to form U(IV). A complex interaction mechanism takes place consisting of biosorption, bioreduction and bioaccumulation. Neptunium interacts in a similar way. The experimental findings are indicating a stronger interaction with uranium compared to neptunium. The results obtained with 242Pu indicate the ability of the cells of D. äspöensis to accumulate and to reduce Pu(VI) from a solution containing Pu(VI) and Pu(IV)-polymers. In the case of curium at a much lower metal concentration of 3x10-7 M, a pure biosorption of Cm(III) on the cell envelope forming an inner-sphere surface complex most likely with organic phosphate groups was detected. To summarize, the strength of the interaction of D. äspöensis with the selected actinides at pH 5 and actinide concentrations ≥10 mg/L ([Cm] 0.07 mg/L) follows the pattern: Cm > U > Pu >> Np.

Orientador : Regina Buffon
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Doutorado

This master's thesis is oriented on software development processes improvement techniques. It presents modern approaches of process development and analyses problems of their management and usage in various life cycle phases. In connection with these techniques it brings draft of support tool, which increases automatization of processes development with pertinent cooperation with other tools, as one of presumptions of improvement of their quality.

The groundwater bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens (CCUG 32456) isolated at a depth of 70 m in the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory secretes a pyoverdin-mixture with four main components (two pyoverdins and two ferribactins). The dominant influence of the pyoverdins of this mixture could be demonstrated by an absorption spectroscopy study. The comparison of the stability constants of U(VI), Cm(III), and Np(V) species with ligands simulating the functional groups of the pyoverdins results in the following order of complex strength: pyoverdins (PYO) > trihydroxamate (DFO) > catecholates (NAP, 6­HQ) > simple hydroxamates (SHA, BHA). The pyoverdin chromophore functionality shows a large affinity to bind actinides. As a result, pyoverdins are also able to complex and to mobilize elements other than Fe(III) at a considerably high efficiency. It is known that EDTA may form the strongest actinide complexes among the various organic components in nuclear wastes. The stability constants of 1:1 species formed between Cm(III) and U(VI) and pyoverdins are by a factor of 1.05 and 1.3, respectively, larger compared to the corresponding EDTA stability constants. The Np(V)-PYO stability constant is even by a factor of 1.83 greater than the EDTA stability constant. The identified Np(V)-PYO species belong to the strongest Np(V) species with organic material reported so far. All identified species influence the actinide speciation within the biologically relevant pH range. The metal binding properties of microbes are mainly determined by functional groups of their cell wall (LPS: Gram-negative bacteria and PG: Gram-positive bacteria). On the basis of the determined stability constants raw estimates are possible, if actinides prefer to interact with the microbial cell wall components or with the secreted pyoverdin bioligands. By taking pH 5 as an example, U(VI)-PYO interactions are slightly stronger than those observed with LPS and PG. For Cm(III) we found a much stronger affinity to aqueous pyoverdin species than to functional groups of the cell wall compartments. A similar behavior was observed for Np(V). This shows the importance of indirect interaction processes between actinides and bioligands secreted by resident microbes.

The groundwater bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens (CCUG 32456) isolated at a depth of 70 m in the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory secretes a pyoverdin-mixture with four main components (two pyoverdins and two ferribactins). The dominant influence of the pyoverdins of this mixture could be demonstrated by an absorption spectroscopy study. The comparison of the stability constants of U(VI), Cm(III), and Np(V) species with ligands simulating the functional groups of the pyoverdins results in the following order of complex strength: pyoverdins (PYO) > trihydroxamate (DFO) > catecholates (NAP, 6­HQ) > simple hydroxamates (SHA, BHA). The pyoverdin chromophore functionality shows a large affinity to bind actinides. As a result, pyoverdins are also able to complex and to mobilize elements other than Fe(III) at a considerably high efficiency. It is known that EDTA may form the strongest actinide complexes among the various organic components in nuclear wastes. The stability constants of 1:1 species formed between Cm(III) and U(VI) and pyoverdins are by a factor of 1.05 and 1.3, respectively, larger compared to the corresponding EDTA stability constants. The Np(V)-PYO stability constant is even by a factor of 1.83 greater than the EDTA stability constant. The identified Np(V)-PYO species belong to the strongest Np(V) species with organic material reported so far. All identified species influence the actinide speciation within the biologically relevant pH range. The metal binding properties of microbes are mainly determined by functional groups of their cell wall (LPS: Gram-negative bacteria and PG: Gram-positive bacteria). On the basis of the determined stability constants raw estimates are possible, if actinides prefer to interact with the microbial cell wall components or with the secreted pyoverdin bioligands. By taking pH 5 as an example, U(VI)-PYO interactions are slightly stronger than those observed with LPS and PG. For Cm(III) we found a much stronger affinity to aqueous pyoverdin species than to functional groups of the cell wall compartments. A similar behavior was observed for Np(V). This shows the importance of indirect interaction processes between actinides and bioligands secreted by resident microbes.

An ergonomically designed work environment may decrease work related musculoskeletal disorders, lead to less sick leaves and increase production time for operators and companies all around the world. Volvo Construction Equipment wants to deepen the knowledge and investigate more carefully how operators are actually sitting whilst operating the machines, how this affects placement of controls and furthermore optimize controls placements accordingly. The purpose is to enhance their product development process by suggesting guidelines for control placement with improved ergonomics based on operators’ sitting postures. The goal is to deliver a process which identifies and transfers sitting postures to RAMSIS and uses them for control placement recommendations in the cab and operator environments. Delimitations concerns: physical ergonomics, 80% usability of the resulted process on the machine types, and the level of detail for controls and their placements. Research, analysis, interviews, test driving of machines, video recordings of operators and the ergonomic software RAMSIS has served as base for analysis. The analysis led to (i) the conclusion that sitting postures affect optimal ergonomic placement of controls, though not ISO-standards, (ii) the conclusion that RAMSIS heavy truck postures does not seem to correspond to Volvo CE’s operators’ sitting postures and (iii) and to an advanced engineering project process suitable for all machine types and applicable in the product development process. The result can also be used for other machines than construction equipment. The resulted process consists of three independent sub-processes with step by step explanations and recommendations of; (i) what information that needs to be gathered, (ii) how to identify and transfer sitting postures into RAMSIS, (iii) how to use RAMSIS to create e design aid for recommended control placement. The thesis also contains additional enhancements to Volvo CE’s product development process with focus on ergonomics. A conclusion is that the use of motion capture could not be verified to work for Volvo Construction Equipment, though it was verified that if motion capture works, the process works. Another conclusion is that the suggested body landmarks not could be verified that they are all needed for this purpose except for those needed for control placement. Though they are based on previous sitting posture identification in vehicles and only those that also occur in RAMSIS are recommended, and therefore they can be used. This thesis also questions the most important parameters for interior vehicle design (hip- and eye locations) and suggests that shoulder locations are just as important. The thesis concluded five parameters for control categorization, and added seven categories in addition to those mentioned in the ISO-standards. Other contradictions and loopholes in the ISO-standards were identified, highlighted and discussed. Suggestions for improving the ergonomic analyses in RAMSIS can also be found in this report. More future research mentioned is more details on control placement as well as research regarding sitting postures are suggested. If the resulted process is delimited to concern upper body postures, other methods for posture identification may be used.

This diploma thesis is focused on overall research of the quality of joining steel and aluminum alloy using the CMT welding process. The theoretical part describes the principle and the technology of the welding system that allows joining dissimilar materials by an electric arc. Attention is also given to other modes such as CMT Advanced, CMT Pulse and CMT Advanced Pulse, which further improve the innovative process. These modifications include an efficient tandem method CMT Twin that uses two electric arcs in various combinations. The main aim of the experiment is assessment of the quality of created CMT joints. Individual tests are conducted to evaluate the corrosion resistance in an aggressive environment (salt fog). The testing subsequently evaluates mechanical properties by a destructive tensile test to determine the tensile strength. Part of the quality assessment is metallographic analysis including determining the elemental composition of the weld.

This thesis is focused on the evaluation of hetereogeneous weld joints made by CMT technology using acoustic emission. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first one is focused on the describe CMT technology. The second part describe the principle of acoustic emission. The following part includes the methodology of experimental part. The final section deals with on the relation between the tensile strength of the samples with the measured values of acoustic emissions from the welding and cooling of the material.

Title: Algebraic Substructures in ℂ Author: Vítězslav Kala Department: Department of Algebra Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Tomáš Kepka, DrSc., Department of Algebra Abstract: We study the structure of finitely generated semirings, parasemifields and other algebraic structures, developing and applying tools based on the geom- etry of algebraic substructures of the Euclidean space ℂ . To a parasemifield which is finitely generated as a semiring we attach a certain subsemigroup of the semigroup ℕ0 (defined using elements such that + = for some ∈ and ∈ ℕ). Algebraic and geometric properties of carry important structural information about ; we use them to show that if a parasemifield is 2-generated as a semiring, then it is additively idempotent. We also provide a ring-theoretic reformulation of this conjecture in the case of -generated semirings. We also classify all additively idempotent parasemifields which are finitely gen- erated as semirings by using the fact that they correspond to certain finitely generated unital lattice ordered groups. Busaniche, Cabrer, and Mundici [4] re- cently classified these using the combinatorial and geometric notion of a stellar sequence which is a sequences of certain simplicial complexes in [0, 1] . We use their results to prove that each such parasemifield is a finite product of...

In chip-multiprocessor (CMP) designs, when the number of core increases, the size of on-chip communication fabric and data storage grows accordingly and therefore the chip power challenge is exacerbated. This thesis work considers the power management for networks-on-chip (NoC) and the last level cache, which constitute the uncore in CMP designs. NoC is regarded as a scalable approach to cope with the increasing demand for on-chip communication bandwidth. The last level cache is shared among all cores. The focus of this work is on the control techniques for uncore dynamic voltage and frequency scaling. A realistic but not well-studied scenario is investigated. That is, the entire uncore shares a single voltage/frequency domain, as opposed to separated domains in most of previous works. One appealing advantage here is that data packets no longer experience the interfacing overhead across different voltage/frequency domains. The classic PI (Proportional and Integral) control method is adopted due to its simplicity, flexibility and low implementation overhead. This thesis research outcome includes three parts. First, stability of the PI control is analyzed. Second, a model-assisted PI control scheme is proposed and studied. The model assist is to address the problem that no universally good reference point exists for the control. Third, the windup issue for the PI control is investigated. Full architecture simulations are performed on public benchmark suites to validate the proposed techniques. The result show 76% energy reduction with less than 6% performance degradation compared to constantly high voltage/frequency for uncore.

Title: Possibilities of functional Evaluation of Patients after acute cerebral Palsy in Czech Republic Objectives: The main objective of this study was to describe the problems of functional assessment of patiens after stroke. Another objektive was to determine and compare the properties ofthe most commonly used functional measures designed for stroke,in our country. Methods: This work is theoretical - research work, which is the theoretical part of the period from September 2012 to June 2013 when retrieving data from literature sources using advanced targeted keywords and thein hotkey in databases based on EBM. The practical part of the study consisted of a questionnaire, which was using the questionnaire survey gathered data needed to evaluace the clinical utility, in the period from May 2013 to July 2013. After obtaining the necessary data from both theoretical and practical part of this data was evaluated and analyzed according to the standard metodology for the evaluation of functional measures for spinal patiens (Chapman, J.R. et al, 2007) and the results of the individual measures were mutually compared. Results: In the theoretical part of the available resources found high objectivity of the free evaluated measures, the measure Barthel Index and the Functional independence measure received...

Title: Numerical modeling of free oscillations applied to superconducting-gravimeter data in a low-frequency seismic range Author: Eliška Zábranová Department: Department of Geophysics Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Ctirad Matyska, DrSc. Abstract: Deformations and changes of the gravitational potential of prestressed selfgravitating elastic bodies caused by free oscillations are described by means of the momentum and Poisson equations and the constitutive relation. For spheri- cally symmetric bodies we transform the equations and boundary conditions into ordinary differential equations of the second order by the spherical harmonic de- composition and further discretize the equations by highly accurate pseudospectral difference schemes on Chebyshev grids. We thus receive a series of matrix eigenvalue problems for eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions of the free oscillations. Since elas- tic parameters are frequency dependent, we solve the problem for several fiducial frequencies and interpolate the results. Both the mode frequencies and the eigen- functions are benchmarked against the output from the Mineos software package based on Runge-Kutta integration techniques. Subsequently, we use our method to calculate low-frequency synthetic accelerograms of the recent megathrust events and compare them with the observed...

Title: The effect of regular training in Locomat system changing the stereotype of gait of patients after the cerebrovascular accident Objectives: The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate whether it is appropriate to use the Locomat system in therapy of gait of patients after the cerebrovascular accident, what is the effect of regular training of these patients in the Locomat system on their stereotype of gait and whether the training in the Locomat system of patients after the cerebrovascular accident is more effective in comparison with other physiotherapeutic practices. Methods: The thesis was processed in the Kladruby Rehabilitation Centre on 14 probands, who were divided after the entrance examination in order to form two equivalent homogenous groups. The first group of seven members was experimental, the second one was control. At the beginning of the study the rate of gait disorder was specified at each proband using standardized method of Wisconsin Gait Scale, they also underwent 10 - Meter Walk Test and 6 - Minute Walk Test. Afterwards all the probands absolved a three-week lasting standard regime of rehabilitation. The probands of research groups absolved except the rehabilitation regime during this time period regularly 5x times a week fifteen 30-minute lasting therapy units in the...