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Prihatiningsih, Febriana, Sigit Pancahayani und Subchan Subchan. „Estimasi Kelajuan dan Volume Kendaraan Berdasarkan Model Makroskopik Arus Lalu Lintas Jalan Tol dengan Metode Extended Kalman Filter“. SPECTA Journal of Technology 2, Nr. 2 (27.11.2019): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35718/specta.v2i2.105.
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In this thesis, the analysis of vehicles' determination of speed and volume in the traffic flow will be discussed by approach time. The analyzation of vehicles' speed and volume done by estimated on macroscopic term of traffic flow in the traffic jam with Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) method. The term of macroscopic views with measured the traffic variable by density the flow rate the flow rate of vehicle and also the vehicle speed's average. In the estimating process, forward difference scheme is implemented to the model and error are measured by Root Mean Square Error. The result showed that the estimation the average of the vehicle’s relative speed in a segment decreased when its volume of vehicle is increased and vice versa.
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Huang, Jianchang, Guohua Song, Jianbo Zhang, Zufen Li, Yizheng Wu und Lei Yu. „The Impact of Pedestrian and Nonmotorized Vehicle Violations on Vehicle Emissions at Signalized Intersections in the Real World: A Case Study in Beijing“. Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (02.03.2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8849234.
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Emission around intersections has become an issue in the urban traffic network. This paper aims to investigate the impact of pedestrian and nonmotorized vehicle violations on emissions at mixed-traffic flow intersection based on the volumes of vehicles, nonmotor vehicles, and pedestrians. Also, it focuses on the arterial and collector intersections with high vehicle volume and limited space. Running red light and crossing intersection diagonally are two critical violations, accounting for 91.75% of effective violations (interference with vehicles’ operation). In this context, a violation blocking model is developed to estimate the blocking probability for each vehicle based on the volumes of pedestrians and nonmotor vehicles. The model includes two scenarios. (1) Through phase: the violation blocking model of running red light is developed based on the survival curve (the relationship between waiting time and running red light probability). (2) Left-turn phase: the violation blocking model at this phase includes two parts: (i) crossing the intersection diagonally model is developed for the first vehicle and (ii) running red light model is developed for subsequent vehicles. The existing emission model can estimate the emissions based on the blocking positions. In the case study, emissions increase with the vehicle volume approaching the saturated flow rate and the volumes of nonmotor vehicles and pedestrians increasing. Results show that the maximum emission increase of CO (carbon monoxide) for through phase and left-turn phase can reach 16.7% and 36.4%.
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Xie, Han, Kehong Li und Juanxiu Zhu. „Analysis of the Relationship between Vehicle Behaviors of Changing Lane and Volume of Traffic under Different Operating Ratios of Autonomous Vehicles“. Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (26.09.2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3142483.
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The lane-changing behavior is one of the important causes in traffic accident in congest traffic, and many behaviors of change lane affect volume of traffic. When autonomous driving vehicles are running on road with human-driven vehicles, the effects of change lane on traffic are different. In all human-driven vehicles traffic, the vehicle behaviors of changing lane are more competent. When autonomous driving vehicles are running in mixed traffic, the behaviors of changing lane decrease and the volume of traffic increases. However, a few studies have involved the relationship between traffic volume and lane-change behavior. In a sense, the study of this relationship is good for understanding the operation mechanism of mixed traffic. In this paper, we proposed the linear regression model to describe the relationship between traffic volume and lane-change behavior. The model can be used to establish the basic graph model. Here, we used empirical, simulation, and data-driven methods to obtain data and established a multiple linear regression model. First, we empirically study the continuous traffic with all human-driven vehicles. Then, the corresponding simulation model is established, and the availability of the simulation model is proved by data comparison with empirical study. Finally, 9 rounds of simulation experiments are carried out with the established simulation model. The number of autonomous driving vehicles in each round of simulation experiment increases by 10%. Then, we analyze the data of the behaviors of changing lane and the volume of traffic from simulation experiments. The following was found: (1) an increase in autonomous driving vehicle leads to an increase in traffic volume and a slight decrease in lane changing behaviors; (2) the influence of different proportions of autonomous vehicles on the traffic volume of lanes at different locations is slightly different; and (3) the relationships among the rate of vehicles entering lane, the rate of vehicles exiting lane together, and the volume of traffic show obvious linear relationships with the increase in autonomous driving vehicles. We used multiple linear regression models to carry out description, and the obtained parameter value intervals are close under different operating ratios of autonomous vehicles. To sum up, on multilane roads, especially 4-lane urban expressways, autonomous driving vehicles join in the traffic, which can effectively increase the volume of traffic of each lane while reducing vehicle behaviors of changing lane. The relationships between vehicle behaviors of changing lane and the traffic volume in mixed traffic show linear relationships with the increase in autonomous driving vehicles. In the future, we will further study whether this relationship model can be used in discrete traffic flow.
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Ary Andreo Siregar und Lola Cassiophea. „THE EFFECT OF VEHICLE VOLUME ON DAMAGE TO PINE ROAD IN PALANGKA RAYA CITY“. PARENTAS: Jurnal Mahasiswa Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan 8, Nr. 1 (30.06.2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37304/parentas.v8i1.4364.
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Along with the level of traffic density that crosses the Pinus road, there are several obstacles that cause damage, one of which is the damage that occurs in the road construction section, which is caused by the load of vehicles with excessive loads such as trucks, which further causes damage to the road, namely an increase in volume. heavy traffic every day. Asphalt pavement is generally used on roads that have a fairly dense traffic volume, with the increase in the number of vehicles resulting in damage in a relatively short time than planned. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the volume of vehicle types on road damage on asphalt pavement, it can be predicted earlier the value of road damage that will occur, the method used in this study is the method of analyzing vehicle volume on road damage with the regression method. Used to obtain the relationship function with the value of R² (coefficient of determination) which shows the magnitude of the effect of changes in the volume of vehicle types on changes in the value of road damage, this study was carried out on the Pinus road, Palangka Raya City. There is a relationship between the volume of vehicle types and the value of road damage, the results obtained are R² = 0.744 which shows that road damage is influenced by the volume of heavy vehicles, light vehicles and motorcycles with a percentage value of 74.4%. From the results of the equation between heavy vehicles (X1), light vehicles (X2), motorcycles (X3), and the value of road damage Y = 0.159 X1 + 0.034 X2 + 0.017 X3 + 14,189. From these equations it can be described as follows, the regression coefficient (X1) (a) = 0.159 means that a heavy vehicle of 100 vehicles/day will increase the level of road damage by 5.9, the regression coefficient (X2) (b) = 0.034 means a light vehicle of 100 vehicles/day will increase the level of road damage by 3.4, Regression coefficient (X3) (c) = 0.017 means that 100 motorbikes/day will increase the level of damage by 1.7, constant (c) = if there are no vehicles driving passing a road segment, the road will experience road damage of 14,189.
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Surono, Mochammad, und Sapto Budi Wasono. „Evaluation of Parking Performance in the Maulana Malik Ibrahim Gresik“. SPIRIT OF SOCIETY JOURNAL 3, Nr. 1 (30.03.2019): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/scj.v3i1.982.
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Along with the increase number of employees and pilgrims in Maulana Malik Ibrahim Graveyard from year to year, it certainly has an impact on the increasing volume of vehicles on its parking area. The avaibility of parking area that is not proportional to the volume of vehicles will certainly disrupt the orderliness and comfort of the parking users around Maulana Malik Ibrahim graveyard. The research method used for performance analysis is in the form of field survey by using the data of two wheels and four wheels vehicle parked in that area. In analyzing this parking performance surveyed on July 1st - 5th 2018, it is found that the highest volume of two wheels vehicles is 418 vehicles, with the highest accumulation of 43 vehicles on average the highest duration 209.50 minutes / vehicle, the highest turnover is 0.804, the highest level of parking used is 80.43% and the number of available parking capacity of motorcycles is 230 plots, while the highest number of parking requests is 185 plots. Therefore, the available parking capacity for two wheels vehicle is still quite accommodating the number of vehicles parked. Meanwhile, for four wheels vehicles, it obtained that the highest volume is 442 vehicles, with the highest accumulation of 50 vehicles on average the highest duration of 115.50 minutes / vehicle, the highest turnover is 1,171, the highest level of parking used is 117.14% and the number of available car parking capacity is 140 plots, with highest number of parking requests is 165 plots. Since the number of parking lots is the highest 25 plots, so that the available parking capacity is not enough to accommodate the number of vehicles parked.
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Stokes, Alan H., Daniel C. Kemp, Brenda Faiola, Holly L. Jordan, Christine L. Merrill, James R. Hailey, Randy E. Brown und David W. Bailey. „Effects of Solutol (Kolliphor) and Cremophor in Polyethylene Glycol 400 Vehicle Formulations in Sprague-Dawley Rats and Beagle Dogs“. International Journal of Toxicology 32, Nr. 3 (24.04.2013): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581813485452.
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When conventional vehicles (eg, methylcellulose and water) impart inadequate physical, chemical, and/or biological properties for proper toxicological assessment of test article formulations, nonconventional vehicles may be considered. Often toxicity data for nonconventional vehicle formulations are limited. Studies were conducted to collect toxicity data from a rodent and a non-rodent species given 2 nonconventional vehicles, Solutol HS15/polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 and Cremophor RH40/PEG 400, with differing formulations and dose volumes (10 mL/kg for rats; 2 or 5 mL/kg for dogs). In rats, both vehicles caused increase in kidney weights (males only) and decrease in thymic weights (males only) without concurrent microscopic findings; altered urine electrolytes, minimally decreased serum electrolytes (males only), and increased serum total cholesterol (females only) were also present. The Cremophor formulation was also associated with increased serum urea (males only) and urine phosphorus: creatinine. For rats given the Solutol formulation, both genders had decreased urine glucose parameters and males had increased urine volume. In dogs, loose/watery feces and emesis were present given either vehicle, and mucus-cell hyperplasia of the ileum was present given the Solutol formulation. Increased red blood cell mass and decreased urine volume in dogs given 30% Solutol/70% PEG 400 (5 mL/kg/d) were likely due to subclinical dehydration and hemoconcentration. For the Cremophor formulations, dose volume-dependent increased incidence of minimal subepithelial gastric hemorrhage was noted in dogs, and dogs given 5 mL/kg/d showed increased serum urea nitrogen. Overall, regardless of the formulation or dose volume, neither vehicle produced overt toxicity in either species, but the Solutol formulation produced fewer effects in rats. Generally, lower dose volumes minimized the severity and/or incidence of findings.
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Raju, Narayana, Pallav Kumar, Aayush Jain, Shriniwas S. Arkatkar und Gaurang Joshi. „Application of Trajectory Data for Investigating Vehicle Behavior in Mixed Traffic Environment“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, Nr. 43 (31.07.2018): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118787364.
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The research work reported here investigates driving behavior under mixed traffic conditions on high-speed, multilane highways. With the involvement of multiple vehicle classes, high-resolution trajectory data is necessary for exploring vehicle-following, lateral movement, and seeping behavior under varying traffic flow states. An access-controlled, mid-block road section was selected for video data collection under varying traffic flow conditions. Using a semi-automated image processing tool, vehicular trajectory data was developed for three different traffic states. Micro-level behavior such as lateral placement of vehicles as a function of speed, instant responses, vehicle-following behavior, and hysteresis phenomenon were evaluated under different traffic flow states. It was found that lane-wise behavior degraded with increase in traffic volume and vehicles showed a propensity to move towards the median at low flow and towards the curb-side at moderate and heavy flows. Further, vehicle-following behavior was also investigated and it was found that with increase in flow level, vehicles are more inclined to mimic the leader vehicle’s behavior. In addition to following time, perceiving time of subject vehicle for different leading vehicles was also evaluated for different vehicle classes. From the analysis, it was inferred that smaller vehicles are switching their leader vehicles more often to escape from delay, resulting in less following and perceiving time and aggressive gap acceptance. The present research work reveals the need for high-quality, micro-level data for calibrating driving behavior models under mixed traffic conditions.
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Mirdianti, Asti, und Paikun. „Pengaruh virus corona (covid-19) terhadap ruas kinerja jalan disekitar pabrik GSI sukalarang“. Jurnal TESLINK : Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan 3, Nr. 1 (29.03.2021): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52005/teslink.v2i1.18.
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Since the factories began operating, they had an impact in the form of congestion that occurred on Jalan Sukabumi-Cianjur, precisely in front of the P.T. Glostar Indonesia (GSI) at the position of Km.13 until the new road access to PT. Pratama Abadi Industri. However, currently the world is in an uproar with a virus called Corona Virus or Covid-19 which has occurred in the last few months in Indonesia in 2020. Of course this will have an impact on all aspects including the level of road service, so a comparative study of road performance is made. around the GSI Sukalarang factory from Hatun 2017 to 2020. From the survey and calculation results, it can be concluded that the performance of roads with service levels in the current GSI factory area (2020) compared to the previous year (2017) at the same location has decreased which is indicated by reduced vehicle volume, vehicle speed. decreased, reduced vehicle density, and good service levels. From the data obtained, the Covid-19 Pandemic has an effect on traffic volume and road performance, resulting in a decrease in vehicle volume in 2020. In 2017 the traffic volume on Saturdays was 21684 vehicles and 8407.8 SMP / hour, for 2020 on Saturdays, namely 10471 vehicles and 5500.6 SMP / hour decreased by 48.3%. While in 2017 the traffic volume on Monday was 26430 vehicles and 9467.35 SMP / hour, for 2020 Monday, namely 23740 vehicles and 9623.85 SMP / hour decreased by 89.9%.
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Sugari, Herlin, Andyka Kusuma und Robby Yudo Purnomo. „Impact of Overloading Vehicle towards the Level of Service on Freeway Segment (Case Study: JORR KM 27 to KM 23)“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1000, Nr. 1 (01.04.2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1000/1/012019.
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Abstract The congestion problem that occurs on the road is one of the indicators to determine the level of service. Approximately 20% of all traffic congestion is due to the existence of shockwave jams or phantom jams. One of the factors causing the shock wave phenomenon is the speed differences between heavy vehicles and light vehicles (Garber & Hoel, 2009). On the other hand, the Over Dimension and Over Loading (ODOL) Vehicle worsened the situation by reducing operational speed due to the exceeding load. Indonesia Traffic Police stated that throughout 2019 there were 136.470 vehicles out of 1.376.956 offences that were ODOL vehicles. This research aims to identify the effect of overloading vehicles and the volume of heavy vehicles on creating shock wave phenomenon that led to the lower level of service. Microsimulation modelling is carried out to obtain the resulting level of service from heavy vehicles volume using the primary data from the data collection. The result shows that the large volume of heavy vehicles exacerbated by the presence of ODOL vehicles can cause a temporary change in road speed and lead to a decreased level of service.
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Nicoletti, Lorenzo, Peter Köhler, Adrian König, Maximilian Heinrich und Markus Lienkamp. „PARAMETRIC MODELLING OF WEIGHT AND VOLUME EFFECTS IN BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES, WITH FOCUS ON THE GEARBOX“. Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (27.07.2021): 2389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.500.
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AbstractThe modeling of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) still represents a challenge for vehicle manufacturers. The installation of the new types of components needed for BEVs gives rise to uncertainties in the quantification of parameters like the vehicle's weight. Indeed, vehicle weight plays a key role, since it has a drastic effect on the vehicle's range, which is an important selling point for BEVs. Uncertainties in weight estimation create weight fluctuations during the early development phase and the need to resize components like the electric machine or battery. This in turn affects the components' volume and weight. However, such resizing can also lead to component collision and unfeasibility of the vehicle architecture. To solve this problem and to support concept engineers during the early development phase, an iterative approach is required that is capable of estimating weight and volume fluctuations in the relevant components. The approach should also consider the geometrical interdependencies of the components, to ensure that no collisions occur between them. Taking the gearbox as an example application, this paper presents a novel approach that satisfies these requirements.
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Li, Zhixia (Richard), Madhav V. Chitturi, Lang Yu, Andrea R. Bill und David A. Noyce. „SUSTAINABILITY EFFECTS OF NEXT-GENERATION INTERSECTION CONTROL FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES“. TRANSPORT 30, Nr. 3 (02.10.2015): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2015.1080760.
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Transportation sustainability is adversely affected by recurring traffic congestions, especially at urban intersections. Frequent vehicle deceleration and acceleration caused by stop-and-go behaviours at intersections due to congestion adversely impacts energy consumption and ambient air quality. Availability of the maturing vehicle technologies such as autonomous vehicles and Vehicle-To-Vehicle (V2V) / Vehicle-To-Infrastructure (V2I) communications provides technical feasibility to develop solutions that can reduce vehicle stops at intersections, hence enhance the sustainability of intersections. This paper presents a next-generation intersection control system for autonomous vehicles, which is named ACUTA. ACUTA employs an enhanced reservation-based control algorithm that controls autonomous vehicles’ passing sequence at an intersection. Particularly, the intersection is divided into n-by-n tiles. An intersection controller reserves certain time-space for each vehicle, and assures no conflict exists between reservations. The algorithm was modelled in microscopic traffic simulation platform VISSIM. ACUTA algorithm modelling as well as enhancement strategies to minimize vehicle intersection stops and eventually emission and energy consumption were discussed in the paper. Sustainability benefits offered by this next-generation intersection were evaluated and compared with traditional intersection control strategies. The evaluation reveals that multi-tile ACUTA reduces carbon monoxide (CO) and Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5 emissions by about 5% under low to moderate volume conditions and by about 3% under high volume condition. Meanwhile, energy consumption is reduced by about 4% under low to moderate volume conditions and by about 12% under high volume condition. Compared with four-way stop control, single-tile ACUTA reduces CO and PM 2.5 emissions as well as energy consumption by about 15% under any prevailing volume conditions. These findings validated the sustainability benefits of employing next-generation vehicle technologies in intersection traffic control. In addition, extending the ACUTA to corridor level was explored in the paper.
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Shi, Jian, Bin Liu, Yong He Huang und Hua Liang Hou. „Forecast on China's New Energy Vehicle Market Demand“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (Januar 2014): 2822–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.2822.
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With the rapid development of new energy vehicle in China, the volume has been the hot topic in the fields of automotive industry. A series of subsidy and financial policies has been released by the government. Peoples in this industry care about the effective of the policies especially the new energy vehicles volume and market share in China. In this paper, we analysis the development experience of developed countries such as the US and Japan, and calculate the new energy vehicles volume and market share in China from 2015 to 2020 by model. Its more effective to the government department to draw a plan of new energy vehicle development blue print.
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Liu, Sheng, Jingxiang Yu, Zhenghao Ke, Fengji Dai und Yibin Chen. „Aerial–ground collaborative 3D reconstruction for fast pile volume estimation with unexplored surroundings“. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 17, Nr. 2 (01.03.2020): 172988142091994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881420919948.
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Fast and accurate pile volume estimation is a very important basic problem in mining, waste sorting, and waste disposing industry. Nevertheless, for rapid changing or badly conditioned piles like stockpiles or landfills, conventional approaches involving massive measurements may not be applicable. To solve these problems, in this work, by utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned ground vehicles equipped with a camera, we propose a collaborative framework to estimate volumes of free-formed piles accurately in short time. Compensating aerial- and ground views enable the reconstruction of piles with steep sides that is hard to be observed by single unmanned aerial vehicle. With the help of red-green-blue image sequences captured by unmanned aerial vehicles, we are able to distinguish piles from the ground in reconstructed point clouds and automatically eliminate concave on the ground while estimating pile volume. In the experiments, we compared our method to state-of-the-art dense reconstruction photogrammetry approaches. The results show that our approach for pile volume estimation has proved its feasibility for industrial use and its availability to free-formed piles on a different scale, providing high-accuracy estimation results in short time.
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Khomeini, Muhammad. „Evaluasi Putaran Balik (U-Turn) Di Ruas Jalan G. Obos Kota Palangka Raya“. Media Ilmiah Teknik Sipil 11, Nr. 2 (14.06.2023): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/mits.v11i2.4930.
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Evaluate the U-turn on Jalan G.Obos Palangka Raya, to be precise the U-turn adjacent to the Temanggung Tilung intersection and the Galaxi intersection. The purpose of this research is to determine traffic performance on the U-turn, evaluate the distance between U-turns to intersections according to the geometric U-turn, and provide recommendations for improving road performance for U-turn facilities. Calculating the road performance level using vehicle volume data to get the road capacity. This data was obtained by direct observation/field survey. Road Geometric Data, Traffic Volume, where the data on the volume of vehicles at a specified location in a unit of time. Types of vehicles that can be classified are light vehicles (Kr), heavy vehicles (Kb), two-wheeled motorized vehicles (SM). Traffic performance on U-Turn A and U-Turn B from both sides 1 and 2 has an average value of C, which means: Flow with stable conditions but the speed and movement of vehicles is greatly influenced by higher traffic volumes, for density medium traffic due to increased internal traffic resistance, vehicles have limitations in choosing speed, changing lanes or overtaking. Traffic performance on U-Turn A and U-Turn B from both sides 1 and 2 get an average performance result with a value of C. The distance between U-turn openings is smaller than the standard distance of at least 500 meters, while the distance between U-turn -turn A and U-Turn B 282 meters, to improve U-Turn performance is to move the U-turn to fit the standard minimum distance
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Aditya, Kamineni, und Venkaiah Chowdary. „Influence of Honking on the Road Traffic Noise Generated at Urban Rotaries for Heterogeneous Traffic“. Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, Nr. 1 (01.01.2020): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0002.
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AbstractThis paper presents a study conducted at major rotaries for quantifying the traffic noise levels by considering the vehicle volume and their respective honking as governing parameters for heterogeneous traffic. Traffic volume and traffic noise data was collected using a digital video camera and a class 1 sound level meter, respectively. The traffic noise data was analysed using noise tools for identifying the noise level variation. The data collected was subjected to statistical analysis for light, medium and heavy vehicles, and their contribution towards noise levels is proven to be effective with the forthright fact that, heavy vehicles and their corresponding honking were majorly affecting the equivalent noise level compared to other vehicular proportion. An equivalent noise level [LAeq (dB)] rise of 2 to 6 dB (A) is solely caused by heavy vehicles, which is an important observation to be considered for traffic noise analysis at the rotaries. Based on the obtained results from one of the rotaries, noise prediction model is developed for estimating the LAeq (dB), which is able to predict the noise levels with good precision when validated with the data collected at second rotary intersection for different vehicle volumes.
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Carrigan, Christine E., und Malcolm H. Ray. „Proposed Heavy Vehicle Encroachment Adjustment Factor“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2521, Nr. 1 (Januar 2015): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2521-11.
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Encroachment probability models such as the Roadside Safety Analysis Program (RSAP) have traditionally assumed that heavy vehicles and passenger vehicles share the same encroachment characteristics. This assumption was reviewed in developing bridge railing selection guidelines in NCHRP 22-12(03), where an examination of a specific highway and a national sample of data indicated that trucks encroached at a different rate than passenger vehicles. This paper describes the development of a new vehicle-type encroachment adjustment factor (EAF). The results confirmed previous findings, but this analysis controlled for traffic volumes, highway type, percentage of heavy vehicles [i.e., percentage of trucks (PT)], and segment length. The result was a more robust model that was valid over a wider range of average annual daily traffic and PTs. The large data set included 635,464 segments of data from the states of Ohio and Washington. The proposed EAF was recommended for inclusion in RSAPv3. Ideally, encroachment data would be collected for heavy vehicles to determine the frequency of heavy vehicles encroaching onto the roadside and the trajectories heavy vehicles took during encroachment, but this process proved to be financially challenging. The study used crash data to carry out a comprehensive analysis of traffic volume, heavy vehicle mix, highway type, and segment length. A vehicle-type EAF was developed for divided and undivided roadways. The results provided some indication of how best to incorporate heavy vehicles in the encroachment probability model used in RSAP.
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MCA, Theresia, Dewi Kusumaningrum, Ratih Sekartadji und Dimas Agung. „U-Turn Analysis on Road Performance by Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno Merr (Case Study: West and East Side U-Turn)“. Journal of Civil Engineering, Planning and Design 1, Nr. 2 (22.11.2022): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31284/j.jcepd.2022.v1i2.3607.
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Traffic is a system consisting of several key elements or a headway system. In the median plan, it also has a center opening or U-Turn, but the U-Turn facility does not completely solve these problems and conflicts because the turning vehicle itself does not completely solve them. This is the result of turning in the same direction as vehicles approaching or stopping in high and low-speed lanes. Some vehicles are unable to make smooth U-Turns, causing delays for both traffic directions or vice versa. This study aims to determine the traffic performance and performance of the U-Turn facility on Jl. Dr. Ir. Soekarno in the City of Surabaya using the MKJI methodology, 1997. From the results of this study, the peak hours for the south direction (A) are at 16.45-17.45, volume 3480. 6 vehicles per hour, DS (Degree of saturation) 0.73 with service level C, and south to north (B) at 16:45-17.45, volume 3394. 7 vehicles per hour DS 1.07 means the level of service indicates a long queue. The U-Turn movement has the highest volume at 16.45-17.45, with a volume of 656.8 pcu/hour and an intensity ratio greater than 1.0, indicating a vehicle queue.
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Srikanth, S. „Space Occupancy Method for Estimation of PCUs of Vehicles at Different Speed and Flow Ranges on Urban Road“. SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 11, Nr. 02 (25.12.2019): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v11i02.1.
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The problem of quantification of volume under heterogeneous traffic has been addressed by converting the different types of vehicles into equivalent passenger cars and expressing the volume or capacity of roads in terms of PCU per hour. The traffic movement under heterogeneous traffic condition differs, however, significantly from that of homogeneous traffic in respect of the pattern of occupancy of road space by vehicles. Video graphic technique was used for the traffic flow data collection. A Traffic Enumeration Software was used for extracting speed, flow and headway data. Space occupancy method was used for PCU determination where in the space headway of each vehicle was also taken into consideration along with the projected area of the vehicle. Dynamic PCU values of different vehicles were found out corresponding to both speed and flow ranges. Reliability of dynamic PCU values of different vehicles is also determined by using density.
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Iswahyudi, Fendi, und Atik Wahyuni. „Capacity Analysis of Vehicle Parking Area in "Terminal Petikemas Surabaya"“. ADRI International Journal of Civil Engineering 5, Nr. 2 (20.06.2022): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/aijce.v5i2.4.
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Parking is one element of the means that cannot be separated from the overall road transportation system. Parking is a problem that is often found in urban transportation systems both in big cities and in developing cities. The reality that often occurs is that the condition of vehicle parking, including the misuse of the function of the parking space, improper and inadequate arrangement of facility layouts, causes undisciplined vehicle users. To determine parking facilities at a location, a good standard parking requirement is needed so that the parking space provided can accommodate the parked vehicle according to its purpose. This study is located at PT. Surabaya Petikemas Terminal, Perak Barat, Krembangan District, Surabaya City, East Java. The method applied in this study is to conduct a direct survey in the field including recording vehicles entering and leaving to get vehicle data. From vehicle data an analysis is carried out to obtain the parking volume, accumulation, duration, parking capacity, parking availability, and parking turnover rate and parking index. The results of the analysis obtained parking characteristics for 2-wheeled vehicles have the highest parking volume in a row of 454 vehicles, the duration of parking vehicles ranges from 2-3.5 hours. The highest parking accumulation is 132 vehicles / hour, the highest parking capacity is 45 vehicles / hour, the highest parking availability is 403/10 hours, the highest parking turnover rate is 0.42 / plot / hour, and the parking index is 97.7%. Judging from the characteristics of parking.
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Mochamad Ardi Maulana, Utamy Sukmayu Saputri und Ardin Rozadi. „Vehicle Volume Density Analysis in Nyomplong Road, Sukabumi City“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED TECHNOLOGY (IJEAT) 4, Nr. 1 (29.05.2021): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52005/ijeat.v4i1.50.
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Jalan Nyomplong is a one-lane and two-lane road with a length of 400m. The cause of the congestion that occurs along Jalan Nyomp;long is the very high activity of residents and the condition of the road sections which are relatively small. In this study, data collection was obtained by conducting a survey for 1 day at 2 different location points around Jalan Nyomplong such as a survey of traffic volume, traffic speed, traffic density, and road segment capacity. In addition, supporting data is obtained from agencies and from social media. From the results of the study, it was found that the volume of vehicles recorded in the afternoon was the densest, the calculation of vehicle speed for on Jl. Nyomplong is 20 – 30 km/hour, density analysis for Jl. Nyomplong in the afternoon is the busiest at 59 vehicles/Km. Meanwhile, at this location, incoming vehicles are dominated from two directions Nyomplong – Jln Pabuaran or vice versa with a total in the morning (06.00-09:00) 2,032 vehicles/hour, during the day (12.00-15.00) 2,029 vehicles/hour and in the afternoon (16.00 -18.00) 3,040 vehicles/hour. In the analysis of road capacity calculated by the 1997 MKJI method, namely C = Co x FCw x FCsp x FCsf x FCcs (pcu/hour), the results found that the road capacity in the morning was 979 smp/hour, on during the day as many as 977 smp/hour, and in the afternoon as many as 1464 smp/hour.
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Deokar, Bapu D., Ujjwala R. Khare und Nitin N. Mundhe. „Estimation of Water Utilized for Washing Vehicles in Shrigonda Town, India“. Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology 20, Nr. 2 (23.03.2023): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i2435.
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The rapid growth of urbanization leads to the demand for new vehicles. With increasing numbers of new vehicles, vehicle washing centers also increased. Most of these washing centers are used groundwater. As a result, the groundwater level is decreasing, leading to a shortage in the volume of groundwater. Therefore, the present study has observed 13 vehicle washing centers during the dry and wet seasons to calculate the water used to wash vehicles. The student t-test and one-way ANOVA test have been applied to test seasonal variation in water use for wash vehicles using SPSS software. During the study, 762 and 982 vehicles were observed in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. The result revealed that in the dry season, the mean water used to wash motorbikes was (95.83L), cars (219.62L), light motor vehicles (235.64L), and heavy transport vehicles (300.79L). On the other hand, during the wet season, the mean water volume used to wash motorbikes was (128.28L), cars (258.79), light motor vehicles (290.89), and heavy transport vehicles (415.40). During the dry season, 102301 liters per day, and in the wet season, 168114 liters per day of groundwater was used at the vehicle washing centers in Shrigonda town and discharged wastewater into the sewer system. The local Municipality has no guidelines, regulations, or monitoring mechanisms for effluent discharge in a sewer system. Therefore, an attempt has been made to calculate the quantity of groundwater utilized by all washing centers in Shrigonda town, which will be helpful to the Municipality in taking appropriate action.
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Zhao, Yan, Jianfeng Zheng, Wai Wong, Xingmin Wang, Yuan Meng und Henry X. Liu. „Estimation of Queue Lengths, Probe Vehicle Penetration Rates, and Traffic Volumes at Signalized Intersections using Probe Vehicle Trajectories“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, Nr. 11 (19.06.2019): 660–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119856340.
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With the development of connected vehicle technologies and the emergence of e-hailing services, a vast amount of vehicle trajectory data is being collected every day. This massive amount of trajectory data could provide a new perspective for sensing, diagnosing, and optimizing transportation networks. There has been some literature estimating traffic volumes and queue lengths at intersections using the data collected from these probe vehicles. Nevertheless, some of the existing methods only work when the penetration rate of the probe vehicles is high enough. Some other methods require two critical inputs, the distribution of the queue lengths and the penetration rate of the probe vehicles. However, these two inputs might vary a lot both spatially and temporally and are not usually known in the real world. To fill the gap, this paper proposes a novel method for the estimation of queue lengths, probe vehicle penetration rates, and traffic volumes at signalized intersections. The key step is to estimate the penetration rate of the probe vehicles from the distribution of their stopping positions at the intersections. Then, scaling up the number of probe vehicles in the queues and in the traffic according to the estimated penetration rate will give an estimate of the total queue length and the total traffic volume, respectively. The proposed method has been validated by both simulation data and real-field data. The testing results have shown that the method is ready for large-scale real-field applications.
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Rangkuti, Abdul Haris, Varyl Hasbi Athala und Farrel Haridhi Indallah. „Development of Vehicle Detection and Counting Systems with UAV Cameras: Deep Learning and Darknet Algorithms“. Journal of Image and Graphics 11, Nr. 3 (September 2023): 248–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/joig.11.3.248-262.
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This study focuses on identifying and detecting several types of vehicles, with each vehicle’s position depicted by drone technology or an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) camera. The vehicle’s position is captured from a height of 350 to 400 meters above the ground. This study aims to identify the class of vehicles that travel on the highway. The experiment employs several convolutional neural network models, including YOLOv4, YOLOv3, YOLOv7, DenseNet201-YOLOv3, and CSResNext50-Panet-SPP, to identify this type of vehicle. Meanwhile, the Darknet algorithm aids the training process by making it easier to identify the type of vehicle depicted in MP4 movies. Several other Convolution Neural Network (CNN) model experiments were conducted in this study, but due to hardware limitations, only these 5 CNN models could produce an optimal accuracy of up to 70%. Following several experiments, the CSResNext50-Panet-SPP model produced the highest accuracy while detecting 100% of video data using UAV technology, including the volume of vehicles detected while crossing the road. Other CNN models produced high accuracy values, such as DenseNet201- YOLOv3 and YOLOv4 models, which can detect up to 98% to 99% of the time. This research can improve its capabilities by detecting other classes that are affordable by UAV technology but require hardware and peripheral technology to support the training process.
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Zhao, Min, Yu Fang und Debao Dai. „Forecast of the Evolution Trend of Total Vehicle Sales and Power Structure of China under Different Scenarios“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 5 (22.02.2023): 3985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15053985.
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Accurate forecasting of the power structure and sales volume of the automobile industry is crucial for corporate decision making and national planning. Based on the auto sales data from 2011 to 2022 compiled from the official website of the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM), the total auto sales in China from 2023 to 2030 were firstly predicted using a combined GM (1,1), and quadratic exponential smoothing forecast model optimized by particle swarm algorithm. Subsequently, the vehicles were classified into the following four categories by power: traditional fuel vehicles, pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Then, based on vehicle sales data from 2015 to 2022, The Markovian model and the component data model based on hyperspherical transformation are used to predict the vehicle power structure from 2023 to 2030 under the natural evolution scenario and the consumer purchase intention dominant scenario, respectively. The results show that total vehicle sales in China are expected to reach 32.529 million units by 2030. Under the natural evolution scenario and the consumer purchase intention dominant scenario, China will achieve the planned target of 40% of the new car market in the sales of new energy vehicles in 2028 and 2026, respectively. By 2030, under the natural evolution scenario, the sales volume of traditional fuel vehicles in the new car market will be 54.83%, the proportion of pure electric vehicles will be 35.92%, the proportion of plug-in hybrid vehicles will be 9.23%, and the proportion of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be 0.02%. Under the consumer purchase intention dominant scenario, the proportions of the four power types are 36.51%, 48.11%, 15.28%, and 0.10%, respectively.
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Chang, Hyunho, und Seunghoon Cheon. „Feasibility of Using V2I Sensing Probe Data for Real-Time Monitoring of Multi-Class Vehicular Traffic Volumes in Unmeasured Road Locations“. Promet 34, Nr. 5 (30.09.2022): 699–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v34i5.4057.
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Portions of dynamic traffic volumes consisting of multiple vehicle classes are accurately monitored without vehicle detectors using vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication systems. This offers the feasibility of online monitoring of the total traffic volumes with multi-vehicle classes without any advanced vehicle detectors. To evaluate this prospect, this article presents a method of monitoring dynamic multi-class vehicular traffic volumes in a road location where road-side equipment (RSE) for V2I communication is in operation. The proposed method aims to estimate dynamic total traffic volume data for multiple vehicle classes using the V2I sensing probe volume (i.e. partial vehicular traffic volumes) collected through the RSE. An experimental study was conducted using real-world V2I sensing probe volume data. The results showed that traffic volumes for vehicle types I and II (i.e. cars and heavy vehicles, respectively) can be effectively monitored with average errors of 6.69% and 10.89%, respectively, when the penetration rates of the in-vehicle V2I device for the two vehicle types average 0.384 and 0.537, respectively. The performance of the method in terms of detection error is comparable to those of widely used vehicle detectors. Therefore, V2I sensing probe data for multi-vehicle classes can complement the functions of vehicle detectors because the penetration rate of in-vehicle V2I devices is currently high.
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Liu, Yan, Chuanyun Fu und Wei Wang. „Modeling duration of overtaking between non-motorized vehicles: A nonparametric survival analysis based approach“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 1 (29.01.2021): e0244883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244883.
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The use of non-motorized vehicles in urban city has improved the convenience of short-distance travel and reduced traffic pollution. However, the overtaking behaviour of non-motorized vehicles impacts traffic safety and efficiency significantly. The objective of this study is to model the durations of overtaking behaviour in the non-motorized vehicle exclusive lane. A total of 3010 overtaking events of non-motorized vehicles were extracted from two locations in Chengdu, China. The nonparametric survival analysis was conducted to model the overtaking duration of non-motorized vehicles. The categorical variables that significantly influence the overtaking duration were examined by the Log-rank test. The results show that the overtaking durations of female riders is longer than that of male riders. It takes longer for electrical bikes to complete overtaking than conventional bikes. When the non-motorized vehicle is under the load state (i.e. passengers or goods on the non-motorized vehicle), the overtaking behaviour takes more time than the un-load state. Moreover, it takes less time to overtake the non-motorized vehicle with load than to overtake the one without load. When there is a wrong-way driving phenomenon or under higher traffic volume, the duration is longer compared to the normal traffic and lower traffic volume conditions. The findings of this study attempt to provide a more profound understanding of non-motorized vehicles overtaking behaviour under different traffic conditions and give insights to the safety research of non-motorized vehicles.
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Pratiwi, Ni Made Widya, Putu Budiarnaya, Regina Ezzelif Herlambanga und Komang Agus Ariana. „Analisa Pengaruh Volume Kendaraan dan Kecepatan Terhadap Tingkat Kebisingan Lalu Lintan di Jalan Cikuray, Garut“. Reinforcement Review in Civil Engineering Studies and Management 1, Nr. 2 (25.11.2022): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.38043/reinforcement.v1i2.4107.
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Cikuray street, Garut is a collector road located 1 km from Garut Square, and on this road, there are many offices and shops for facilities and services. Therefore, Cikuray street experiences an increase in a traffic flow which causes noise. This study aims to analyze the level of traffic noise due to the volume and speed of vehicles. The method used in this research is a direct survey of the field and traffic noise modeling analysis using multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS (Statistical Package of the Social Sciences) software version 26 for Windows. From the analysis, the highest volume of vehicles occurred on Saturday at 11,605 pcu/hour, with the average speed ranging from 34.00 – 38.00 km/hour and for a noise level of 84.55 dB(A) which means it has exceeded the standard. limit. permissible noise level. The relationship between volume and vehicle speed to traffic noise levels on Jalan Cikuray Garut using mathematical modeling is shown in the equation Y = 56.777 + 0.020X1 + 0.043X2 + 0.214X3 – 0.090X4 with R2 = 0.443. This shows that traffic noise (Y) can be explained by the volume of motorcycles (X1), the volume of light vehicles (X2), the volume of heavy vehicles (X3), and traffic speed (X4).
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Miao, Zuoyu, K. Larry Head und Byungho Beak. „Vehicle Reidentification in a Connected Vehicle Environment using Machine Learning Algorithms“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, Nr. 45 (30.05.2018): 160–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118774691.
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Deployment of connected vehicles will become possible for most American cities in the next 10 to 20 years. Connected vehicle (CV) applications (e.g., mobility, safety, environment) are constantly receiving vehicle data. The current ID protection mechanism assumes a vehicle’s ID changes every 5 minutes, so the topic of rematching vehicles is of interest in privacy protection and performance measure research. This paper explores the possibility of rematching connected vehicles’ IDs using popular machine learning techniques, including logistic regression (LR), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), linear and nonlinear support vector machine (SVM) and nearest neighbor algorithms. An experiment is conducted using a microscopic traffic simulation model through a software-in-the-loop technique. The best average mismatching rate is 14%. To assess potential factors’ effects on matching accuracy, a Poisson mixed regression model is analyzed under the Bayesian inference framework. Findings are: different matching algorithms vary in matching performance and the linear SVM, the QDA and the LDA have the best accuracy results; traffic volume and market penetration rate have little impact on matching results; location and number of vehicles to be matched are considered significant. The results make the performance measurement of future CV applications feasible and also suggest that more secure mechanisms are needed to protect the public.
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Tisnasendjaja, Achmad Ruchlihadiana, Hasanuddin Z. Abidin, Dina A. Sarsito, Imam A. Sadisun und Irwan Gumilar. „The Effect of Highway Vibration to The Hills Slope Stability by an Integrated GPS-Vibration Data Processing“. E3S Web of Conferences 94 (2019): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199401017.
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Bandung-Jakarta, Indonesia highway have high density vehicles pass even often jammed. High activity of vehicles cause repeated vibrations and occur continuously. In case, the highway that divides the hills. The passing vehicles give rise repeatedly vibration and indicated disturbance of hillside slope stability. Vehicles vibration depend on speed, weight, number of vehicles and road construction materials. A method in question is counting a vehicle volume and determine the volume pattern of the vehicle. The magnitude of vibration is function of the object distance from the sources. The magnitude of the vibration effect is very dependent on the geological structure of hills formation. Hilly slope stability indicates experiencing interference if the object or material slope changes position or displacement. GPS observation give position changes and its displacement. The effect of Toll road vibration to slope stability is known by GPS and Vibration simultaneous measurement. Data acquisition used six unit GPS receivers and six unit vibration sensor which is installed on the hillside beside the highway. Integrated data processing techniques using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). Integrated GPS-Vibration data are implemented to find actual displacement which are caused by highway vibration.
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Shen, Yujie, Ziyao Zhu, Chenqi Di und Xinyi Liu. „Linkage Selection Strategy Based on Attractor Profit Prediction in Heterogeneous Vehicle Network“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2530, Nr. 1 (01.06.2023): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2530/1/012010.
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Abstract With the continuous development of wireless network technology, heterogeneous wireless networks with multiple network fusions and overlapping coverage have been formed. In the process of vehicles passing through different types of networks with different coverage areas at high speed, there are frequent and inefficient network switching behaviors. Aiming at this situation, a linkage selection strategy based on attractor profit prediction is proposed in a heterogeneous vehicle network. By analyzing the correlation between the wireless network transmission rate and the vehicle position, the location of the attractor update was found to reduce the transmission loss caused by network switching delay. Considering the vehicle speed and the access time of the base station, the transmission amount that the vehicle network can provide is calculated, the attractor is updated, and the network selection is made according to the state of the attractor. Compared with multi-attribute decision making, the linkage selection strategy based on attractor profit prediction can effectively improve the transmission volume of the Internet of vehicles. Through the simulation analysis, the transmission volume of the Internet of vehicles network increases by 14.07%.
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Donny Cahyono, Muhammad Shofwan, und Agustinus Angkoso. „Neuro-Fuzzy for Traffic Volume Forecasting of National Road III Jember Banyuwangi KM 252“. Civilla : Jurnal Teknik Sipil Universitas Islam Lamongan 6, Nr. 2 (16.10.2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/cvl.v6i2.667.
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Traffic congestion is one of the prevalent phenomena in Indonesia, especially in big cities. There are a variety of factors causing congestion in the city, including the expansion of existing infrastructure, the large number of residents in the area, and the disparity between the growth of motor vehicles and highways. By careful transport planning, this can be fixed. The estimation of traffic volume is one strategy to see how much road growth is to offset vehicle volume growth to prevent congestion. This study tries to estimate the traffic volume of National Road III Jember Banyuwangi KM 252 motorized 2-wheeled vehicles passing by. The data used were obtained from 24 hours observation for 7 days. Using the Neuro-Fuzzy method which applies 1 day out of 7 days as testing data, and obtaining the average error is 13.2747%. This average error shows that the error rate that occurs is 5% of all errors. Neuro-Fuzzy can forecast the traffic volume of 2-wheeled motorized vehicles reasonably well.
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Papagiannakis, A. T., und A. T. Bergan. „Applications of state-of-the-art technology in vehicle data collection“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15, Nr. 5 (01.10.1988): 815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l88-106.
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This paper discusses recent developments in the technology of vehicle load and traffic volume data collection and proposes methods for their application. Applications focus on innovative methods for calculating equivalent axle load (EAL) data. The first part of the study contains an example output of the state-of-the-art vehicle monitoring equipment. Typical output of weigh-in-motion scales (WIM), vehicle classifiers, and vehicle monitors are presented to demonstrate the potential of the new technology. In the second part of the study, WIM scale data covering a period of 1 year is analyzed to explore new methods for collecting EAL data. It is shown that, in terms of daily data, EAL repetitions correlate better with the volume of large vehicles (e.g., 5-axle semitrailer trucks) than with the total number of axle counts traditionally collected. Furthermore, the notion of using vehicle length to index broad vehicle classes is explored as a means of obtaining volume counts of the large vehicles. It is concluded that data obtained by vehicle monitors can indeed be used successfully to identify broad vehicle groups. Key words: weigh-in-motion, vehicle classifiers, vehicle monitors, vehicle length.
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Rizal, Muhammad, Muhammad Darwis und Nani Nagu. „Analysis of Road Capacity Due to Parking on Road Agency on The Jati Perumnas Segment of Ternate City“. MATEC Web of Conferences 372 (2022): 07005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202237207005.
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This increase in transportation facilities causes the traffic volume of a road to be greater but is not supported by adequate road infrastructure, one of which is parking facilities. Parking is a phenomenon that affects the movement of vehicles when vehicles that have such a high intensity will be hampered by vehicles parked on the road, causing congestion. Vehicles parked on the roadside are generally around places or activity centres such as offices, markets, schools, and restaurants. Maximum vehicle volume without on-street parking occurs in segment 1 on Monday at 16:30, with the number of vehicles amounting to 2154.3 SMP/hour with a capacity value (C) = 2375 SMP/hour; the degree of saturation value (DS) is obtained. =0.91. This shows that the level of service is included in category E, which means that segment 1 has unstable flow, decreased speed, and vehicle motion is approaching capacity. When parking occurs on the road, the capacity value decreases to (C) = 1243.01 SMP/hour so that it affects the degree of saturation in each segment with the respective DS values: Segment 1 = 1.73, segment 2 = 1.44, segment 3 = 1.40. The flow becomes blocked or obstructed, and the vehicle speed is < 50 km/hour. As a result of vehicles parked on the road, the capacity of the road is reduced so that it has an impact on the movement of traffic flow, and eventually, congestion occurs
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Szałek, Andrzej, und Ireneusz Pielecha. „The Influence of Engine Downsizing in Hybrid Powertrains on the Energy Flow Indicators under Actual Traffic Conditions“. Energies 14, Nr. 10 (16.05.2021): 2872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102872.
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The development of internal combustion engines is currently based around the ideas of downsizing and rightsizing. These trends, however, are not very widespread in vehicles with hybrid drive systems. Nevertheless, the authors analyzed the performance indicators of hybrid drives in downsized vehicles. Two generations of a vehicle model, equipped with hybrid drive systems, were used in the analysis in which not only the design of the internal combustion engine was changed, but also other hybrid drive systems (including the transmission, electric motors and high-voltage batteries). The paper analyzes the energy flow in two hybrid vehicles of different generations during tests in real road driving conditions in accordance with the requirements of the RDE (real driving emissions) tests. The authors have confirmed that newer vehicle designs extend the vehicle range by 38% in the electric mode under the conditions of road traffic (68% in the urban conditions). The application of a combustion engine with better operating indexes did not result in its greater load, but led to limitation of the maximum pressure-volume (PV) diagram. The change of the battery to Li-ion, despite its lower electric and energy capacity, led to an increase in vehicle’s working parameters (power and regenerative braking).
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Liu, Kai, Dong Liu, Cheng Li und Toshiyuki Yamamoto. „Eco-Speed Guidance for the Mixed Traffic of Electric Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles at an Isolated Signalized Intersection“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 20 (12.10.2019): 5636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205636.
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Although electric vehicles (EVs) have been regarded as promising to reduce tailpipe emissions and energy consumption, a mixed traffic flow of EVs and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) makes the energy/emissions reduction objective more difficult because EVs and ICEVs have various general characteristics. This paper proposes a low-emission-oriented speed guidance model to address the energy/emission reduction issue under a mixed traffic flow at an isolated signalized intersection to achieve the objective of reducing emissions and total energy consumption while reducing vehicle delay and travel time. The total energy/emissions under different market penetration rates of EVs with various traffic volumes are analyzed and compared. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed speed guidance model has better performance than those without considering the impact of queues. For a certain traffic volume, the energy/emission reduction effects under speed guidance will increase with an increasing share of EVs. This paper also explores the impact of the time interval for guidance renewal on vehicle emissions in practice.
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Ryu, J., und J. Song. „Emissions performance of Korean vehicles with different vehicle specification, mileage and fuel“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, Nr. 6 (01.06.2002): 523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070260137543.
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This study investigates the effect of vehicle mileage, vehicle characteristics and the fuels on exhaust gas performance. In order to research this topic, 1260 vehicles with spark ignition engines and 960 vehicles with compression ignition engines were sampled and surveyed. The exhaust emissions are measured with a CO-hydrocarbon (HC) emission gas analyser and a filter-type smoke analyser. The results show that the amount of emission gas is not directly related to the mileage covered by the vehicle. However, the engine specifications, such as valve train type or air induction type, influence emissions. In addition, the liquid petroleum gas (LPG) vehicles emit more CO and HC than gasoline vehicles, although it is widely known that an LPG engine emits less exhaust. Smaller cars emit a lot of CO and HC compared with a larger car, and 1300 and 1800 cm3 displacement volume vehicles also produce higher exhaust emissions. These results indicate that new legal restrictions are required and more research on reducing emissions is needed.
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Chen, Shuxiao. „The Impact of Rising Oil Prices on New Energy Vehicle Sales“. BCP Business & Management 38 (02.03.2023): 2368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v38i.4107.
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Will higher oil prices lead to higher sales of fuel-cleaned cars? To answer this question, this study tries to find out the correlation between oil prices and new energy vehicle sales. In order to gather information on the recent increase in oil prices, the volume of new energy vehicle sales since 2022, people's decrease in the use of gasoline vehicles as a result of the increase in gasoline prices, and local government policies on new energy vehicles, this research applies the method of data gathering and avoidance with new energy vehicles as the object. It is concluded that with the rise of oil prices, new energy car sales are also increasing, which can make new energy vehicle manufacturers better understand the demand for new energy vehicles. It may also reflect the rising trend in new-energy car popularity. In order to guarantee the constant expansion of new energy vehicles, the government must simultaneously develop a number of measures.
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HASYIM, HASYIM, und ROHANI ROHANI. „PENGARUH HAMBATAN SAMPING TERHADAP KINERJA RUAS JALAN SATU ARAH DAN DUA ARAH TANPA MEDIAN DI KOTAMADYA MATARAM“. GANEC SWARA 17, Nr. 1 (04.03.2023): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.35327/gara.v17i1.382.
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Street Catur Warga and Dr. Wahidin did not have enough stops, so many vehicles stopped on the shoulder of the road and parked on the side of the road. The number of people crossing the road and the number of vehicles entering/exiting the road causes a reduction in the speed, volume and capacity of the road so that at certain hours traffic jams often occur. This study analyzed the side friction, volume and speed of Catur Warga and Jalan Dr. Wahidin used the 1997 MKJI method. The results of the analysis on one-way roads, especially the Catur Warga road, had side friction, volume and speed respectively, namely 790.7 events/hour, 1533.75 smp/am and 46.08 km/hour. While the two-way street, Jalan Dr. Wahidin, has side friction, volume and speed of 403.1 events/hour, 1916.15 smp/hour and 38.58 km/hour. From the results of the regression analysis, side friction is very influential on the volume and speed of traffic. This can be seen from (r) in the range of 0.7 < r < 0.9 where the number shows a strong influence and 0.9 < r < 1 indicates a very strong influence. The results of partial regression analysis show that on the Catur Warga road, the side barriers that have the most influence on volume are Parking and Vehicle Stops (PSV), while at speed, namely Vehicles Exiting/Entering Roadside Land Use (EEV). On the Dr. Wahidin the side friction variable that has the most influence on volume is Pedestrians (PED), while at speed, namely Parking and Vehicle Stops (PSV).
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Prasetya, Hadi, und Sri Wiwoho Mudjanarko. „Parking Space Performance Evaluation In General Hospital City Ibnu Sina Gresik“. IJIEEB : International Journal of Integrated Education, Engineering and Business 3, Nr. 1 (22.07.2020): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/ijieeb.v3i1.1071.
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Parking is one element means that can not be separated from road transport system as a whole. Parking is a problem that is often encountered in the urban transport system both in major cities and in the growing city. Parking problems are also a thing that can not be handled several hospitals. The number of hospital facilities will encourage people to visit the hospital. The purpose of this study was to analyze the needs of a parking space, to determine the pattern of the corresponding parking space is used in a general hospital Avicenna. The method applied in this research is to conduct a survey directly in the field include admission-out to get the data of the vehicle. Analysis of vehicle data to get a parking volume, accumulation, The results of the analysis obtained by the characteristics of parking for 2-wheel vehicles and wheels 4 have the highest volume in a row parking for 679 vehicles and 120 vehicles
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Du, Jianhe, und Hesham A. Rakha. „Constructing a Network Fundamental Diagram: Synthetic Origin–Destination Approach“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, Nr. 7 (06.06.2019): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119851445.
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The network fundamental diagram (NFD) is increasingly used in traffic monitoring and control. One obstacle to a wider application of NFDs in network control is the difficulty of obtaining data from all vehicles traveling in the network to construct an accurate NFD. One solution is to estimate the NFD using data from only a fraction of vehicles (i.e., probe vehicles), where the probe vehicle market penetration rate (MPR) needs to be estimated. A previous study conducted by the authors demonstrated that a distance or time-weighted harmonic mean was needed to estimate the flow- and density-based MPRs, respectively, using a pairing k-mean clustering approach. This paper proposes another approach that utilizes probe vehicle and observed link volume data to estimate the MPR. A heuristic model is proposed to identify the optimum locations from which to collect link traffic volume data for use in the MPR estimation. The estimated MPR can then be used to construct the NFD. Results show that these models can accurately estimate the NFD with limited probe vehicle and link traffic volume data. Accordingly, the models can be used in the field to estimate the NFD using readily available loop detector and probe vehicle data. The ideal locations for traffic volume data collection can also be proactively chosen to generate optimum estimation results. As the models proposed here show no significant gains with an increased magnitude of collected data after a certain threshold, they will be helpful, particularly when large-scale data collection is not affordable or realistic.
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Wang, Yilin. „Using Oil and Lithium Carbonate to Predict New Energy Vehicle Sales in China by Linear Regression Analysis“. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 38 (16.03.2023): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v38i.5887.
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Recently, a heated discussion has been centered on new energy vehicles, with derivative topics such as the violent rise and new height of oil price and also lithium price, the technical development, and sales volume of Lithium batteries, the rising price of new energy vehicles, and so on. As the new energy vehicle has been expected as one of the most important measures to protect the environment and save traditional fuel energy, it is crucial to accurately understand and explain how the price and import volume of oil and Lithium carbonate impact the sales of new energy vehicle in China and the relationships between each factor, based on linear regression analysis. In this paper, the output of Lithium batteries represents the sales of new energy vehicles in China. The result reveals that the price and import volume of oil and Lithium carbonate all have significant linear relationships with the output of Lithium batteries in China, while the most influential factor is Lithium carbonate price and the weakest factor is Oil import volume. Moreover, these factors interact with each other obviously when they affect the output of Lithium batteries together. The above results of the research provide a theoretical reference for relevant policies to slightly adjust the price of oil and lithium, for companies to modify sales strategies and for consumers to take action to accommodate the general trend of prosperous development of the new energy vehicle industry.
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Yevi, G. Y., und R. E. Rogers. „Storage of Fuel in Hydrates for Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)“. Journal of Energy Resources Technology 118, Nr. 3 (01.09.1996): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2793864.
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The need for alternative fuels to replace liquid petroleum-based fuels has been accelerated in recent years by environmental concerns, concerns of shortage of imported liquid hydrocarbon, and congressional prompting. The fact is accepted that natural gas is the cheapest, most domestically abundant, and cleanest burning of fossil fuels. However, socio-economical and technical handicaps associated with the safety and efficiency of on-board fuel storage inhibit its practical use in vehicles as an alternative fuel. A concept is presented for safely storing fuel at low pressures in the form of hydrates in natural gas vehicles. Experimental results lead to gas storage capacities of 143 to 159 volumes/volume. Vehicle travel range could be up to 204 mi. Controlled decomposition rate of hydrates is possible for feeding an automotive vehicle. Upon sudden pressure decrease in the event of a vehicle accident, the rate of release of hydrocarbons from the hydrates at constant temperature is 2.63 to 12.50 percent per min, slow enough to prevent an explosion or a fireball. A model is given for predicting the rates of gas release from hydrates in a vehicle wreck. A storage tank design is proposed and a process is suggested for forming and decomposing hydrates on-board vehicles. A consistent fuel composition is obtained with hydrates.
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Barton, Raymond A., und John Morrall. „Study of Long Combination Vehicles on Two-Lane Highways“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1613, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1613-06.
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In 1988, the Council of Ministers of Transportation and Highway Safety in Canada endorsed a memorandum of understanding designed to improve uniformity between provinces and territories. The regulations covering weights and dimensions for tractor-semitrailers and double combination trucks specified a maximum length of 23 m. However, in western Canada, which includes the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, a maximum vehicle length of 25 m was adopted. Vehicles longer than 25 m are generally referred to as long combination vehicles (LCVs) and include the following vehicles: triple trailer combinations, 35 m in length; Rocky Mountain doubles, 30 m in length; log haul trucks, which can be up to 30.5 m in length; and turnpike doubles, 38 m in length. A study was conducted to develop recommendations relating to the use of LCVs on two-lane highways in Alberta. The basic approach was to examine the incremental impact of LCV-type vehicles on two-lane highway operations compared with a baseline vehicle type, namely, 25-m standard double heavy trucks. Although the study of LCVs examined a range of issues that included low- and high-speed offtracking, and aerodynamic buffeting, only the findings related to traffic volume criteria are presented. The main recommendation with respect to passing opportunities and level of service was the development of maximum traffic volumes for two-lane highways with and without passing lanes and with a given percentage of passing zones. The main criteria are to ensure that a net passing opportunity of at least 30 percent is provided to drivers impeded by LCVs. This is roughly comparable to providing to Level of Service C. For example, the maximum volume below which Rocky Mountain doubles may operate on a two-lane highway is 425 veh/h for a section with 100 percent passing zones. If 2-km passing lanes are provided every 10 km, Rocky Mountain doubles could operate at traffic volumes up to 734 veh/h and still ensure a net passing opportunity of 30 percent.
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Alfiana, Hafidzsyah, und Adhi Purnomo. „ANALISIS FAKTOR KEMACETAN TERHADAP KINERJA LALU LINTAS DI RUAS JALAN JENDERAL BASUKI RAHMAT (STUDI KASUS: MALL BASSURA)“. LOGISTIK 13, Nr. 1 (01.04.2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/logistik.v13i1.17652.
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Commercial buildings in the Bassura Mall area (Jalan Jenderal Basuki Rahmat) have resulted in congestion in the area. Vehicles use road bodies to park their vehicles, sidewalks that are used as trading places by street vendors, and the position of the entrance / exit of Bassura Mall for four-wheeled vehicles that is not strategic. These things have caused the author to choose a location in the Bassura Mall area (Jalan Jenderal Basuki Rahmat), East Jakarta which is a local route, where East Jakarta as one of the big cities in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta also experiences high vehicle growth, p. This can be seen on roads in East Jakarta which often experience congestion during rush hour. The purpose of this research is to determine the traffic performance in the area. The method used in this research is direct observation method at the research location and field data collection in the form of parking volume data, pedestrian volume, vehicle volume entering / exiting Mall Bassura, traffic volume, and road performance. Observations were made on weekdays and holidays. The results of the analysis of the performance of the road sections show that the traffic volume on the roads around Mall Bassura is 32,433 SMP / hour on weekdays and 22,577 SMP / hour on holidays, with the service level index being in the F category on weekdays and holidays. Thus, the congestion factors mentioned above have resulted in a decrease in road capacity which has an impact on road performance.
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Jia, Wang, Li Yuke, Pan Wei und Li Zhenbiao. „Analysis and Future Market Forecast Research of China’s End-of-life New Energy Vehicle Recycling and Dismantling Technology“. E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016501033.
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With the rapid increase in the promotion and application volume of new energy vehicles in China, the number of end-of-life new energy vehicles will increase rapidly in the future. Moreover, it brings difficulties to the dismantling of new energy vehicles because of the flammability and explosiveness characteristics of the power battery in new energy vehicles. This paper analyzes the dismantling technology of end-of-life new energy vehicles in China and abroad, and forecasts the inventory of new energy vehicles and the number of end-of-life new energy vehicle in the future, which has important reference significance for the future development of China’s industry. Finally, the paper puts forward suggestions to promote the development of the industry.
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Ren, Xianfeng, Nan Jiang, Yunxia Li, Wenhui Lu, Zhouhui Zhao und Lijun Hao. „Application of Remote Sensing Methodology for Vehicle Emission Inspection“. Atmosphere 13, Nr. 11 (09.11.2022): 1862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13111862.
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Remote sensing detection of vehicle emissions is an effective supplement to the statutory periodic inspection of in-use vehicle emissions and it is a convenient technical method for real-time screening of high-emission vehicles. The principle of remote sensing detection is to inversely calculate the absolute concentrations of gaseous pollutants in vehicle exhaust according to the relative volume concentration ratio of each exhaust component to carbon dioxide (CO2) in the vehicle exhaust plume. Because the combustion mechanisms of gasoline engines and diesel engines are different, different inversion calculation methods of remote sensing data must be applied. The absolute concentrations of gasoline vehicle gaseous emissions measured by remote sensing can be calculated by the inversion calculation method based on the theoretical air–fuel ratio combustion mechanism. However, the absolute concentrations of diesel vehicle nitrogen oxide (NOx) measured by remote sensing must be calculated by the inversion calculation method based on the correction of the excess air coefficient. For the integrated remote sensing test system of gasoline and diesel vehicles, it is necessary to determine the vehicle category according to the vehicle type and license plate and adopt different inversion calculation methods to obtain the correct remote sensing results of vehicle emissions. The big data statistical analysis method for vehicle emission remote sensing results can quickly screen high-emission vehicles and dynamically determine the remote sensing emission screening threshold of high-emission vehicles as the composition of in-use vehicles changes and the overall emission of vehicles declines, so as to achieve dynamic and accurate screening of high-emission vehicles.
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Yi, Tong, Chun Jin, Jichao Hong und Yanbo Liu. „Layout analysis of compressed air and hydraulic energy storage systems for vehicles“. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, Nr. 1 (Januar 2022): 168781402110704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211070426.
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The compressed air energy storage system has a better energy density, while the widely used hydraulic one is superior in power performance. Therefore, they are suitable for different hybrid vehicles, which require a comparative study on the performances and vehicle applicability of the broad pressure energy storage system layouts. In this paper, an integrated mathematical model of four basic pressure layouts is presented for characteristic analysis and applicability discussion. Results show that the open volume layout achieves the best power performance with the flow specific power of 13.92 MJ/m3, thus it is suitable for heavy hybrid trucks and mobile machinery. The open mass layout achieves the best energy performance with the energy density of 124.35 MJ/m3, which can be used in light new energy passenger vehicles. And the performance of the closed volume layout is close to the open volume layout with the flow specific power of 9.78 MJ/m3, so it could be applied to middle and light hybrid trucks. This research provides a basis for the hybrid method of pressure energy storage system layouts for vehicles, and could be applied in the design and research of non-electric hybrid vehicles in the near future.
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Chen, Mingzhang, Xuancheng Zhang, Xiaoshuang Xiong, Fanfei Zeng und Wuhao Zhuang. „Transformer: A Multifunctional Fast Unmanned Aerial Vehicles–Unmanned Surface Vehicles Coupling System“. Machines 9, Nr. 8 (29.07.2021): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9080146.
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With the continuous development of the maritime economy, the maritime unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become important parts of the maritime transportation system. Unmanned vehicles play a pivotal role in water safety management, offshore patrol and maritime rescue. Consequently, this article researches and develops an unmanned aerial vehicle–unmanned surface vehicle (UAV-USV) coupling system with multiple functions. The ship body module, the deformation module and the UAV module are designed by using the modular analysis method, then volume of fluid (VOF) technology and STAR-CCM+ software are applied to analyze the ship resistance before and after deformation and optimize it. The results show that the Transformer has high speed before deformation and stable navigation ability after deformation, and it can navigate in high winds and waves. It has a large reconnaissance range and some radar stealth capability, which can fulfill different tasks, such as maritime patrol, military strike and maritime rescue.
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Farajimoghadam, Farhad, Matteo Testi und Luigi Crema. „Hydrogen emission in enclosed volume (tunnel for mobility)“. E3S Web of Conferences 334 (2022): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202233403004.
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Fuel cell vehicles and trains (FCVs) are seen as a viable alternative to fossil fuel-powered vehicles, with the potential to help the automotive and transport industry grow sustainably. Because of their zero emissions, great efficiency, and diverse hydrogen sources, they are an ideal solution to climate change and the global energy issue. In this study, the simulation of releasing hydrogen from a moving vehicle inside a tunnel has been done. For this purpose, two scenarios have been considered. In the first one, it assumed that hydrogen propagates inside a tunnel without ignition and in the second approach, hydrogen released considered to be combusted. The effect of this combustion on the tunnel and train wall has been investigated. For this goal, two different mass flow rates of hydrogen were considered and results were compared together. Moreover, pressure contours have been shown to represent the overpressure phenomenon and it is resulted that in the area of hydrogen dispersion, there will be high pressure.
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Ui, Fitriyanti, Yuliyanti Kadir und Marike Mahmud. „Penentuan Nilai Ekivalen Kendaraan Ringan (Ekr) Untuk Kendaraan Becak Motor (Bentor) Pada Ruas Jalan Arif Rahman Hakim dan Jalan Manggis Kota Gorontalo“. Journal Of Applied Civil and Environmental Engineering 1, Nr. 1 (17.09.2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/jacee.v1i1.2175.
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The equivalent value of light vehicles (elv) is influenced by the size and speed of the vehicle, the greater the vehicle the equivalent value of light vehicles (elv) the higher, the higher the vehicle speed the equivalent value of light vehicles (elv) will be lower. The purpose of this study is to determine the equivalent value of light vehicles (elv) for motor tricycles vehicle (mtv) as part of the traffic and the performance of the Arif Rahman Hakim Road and Gorontalo City Manggis Road. The location of the study was conducted on Jalan Arif Rahman Hakim and Manggis Street. Primary data collected is data of traffic flow volume. The analysis was carried out using the simple linear regression analysis method and the 2014 Indonesian road capacity guidelines. From the calculation results obtained an equivalent value of light vehicles (elv) for motor tricycles vehicle (mtv) on the Arif Rahman Hakim Road section of 0.55 and on the Manggis Road section obtained an equivalent value of light vehicles (elv) of 0.46. Then do the calculations to analyze the performance of the Arif Rahman Hakim and Manggis Roads obtained the degree of saturation (DS) <0.85. The DS scores show that both locations are very suitable to serve the flow of traffic during peak hours.Keywords—elv, motor tricycles vehicle , linear regression, road performance