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Dissertationen zum Thema „Wildlife and habitat management“
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Nowak, James. "Integrated Population Models and Habitat Metrics for Wildlife Management." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26023.
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La gestion des espèces est entièrement dépendante de notre capacité à évaluer les décisions de gestion et de les corriger si nécessaire. Dans un monde idéal les gestionnaires auraient une connaissance extensive et mécanistique des systèmes qu’ils gèrent et ces connaissances seraient mises à jour de façon continue. Dans la réalité, les gestionnaires doivent gérer les populations et développer des objectifs de populations en dépit de leur connaissance imparfaites et des manques de données chronique. L’émergence de nouveaux outils statistiques ouvrent toutefois la porte à de nouvelles possibilités ce qui permet une gestion plus proactive de la faune. Dans le Chapitre 1, j’ai évalué l’efficacité de modèles intégrés de populations (MIP) à combler des lacunes dans notre connaissance en présence de données limitées et de modèles de populations mal spécifiés. J’ai démontré que les MIP peuvent maintenir une précision élevée et présenter un biais faible, et ce dans une large gamme de conditions. Dans le chapitre 2, j’ai développé une approche de MIP qui inclut des effets aléatoires entre les différentes populations. J’ai constaté que les effets aléatoires permettent améliorer considérablement les performances des algorithmes d'optimisation, produisent des estimations raisonnables et permettent même d'estimer les paramètres pour les populations avec des données très limitées. J’ai par la suite appliqué le modèle à 51 unités de gestion du Wapiti en Idaho, USA afin de démonter son application. La viabilité des populations à long terme est généralement réalisé à grâce à des manipulations d’habitat qui sont identifiées grâces à des méthodes de sélection des ressources. Les méthodes basées sur la sélection des ressources assume cependant que l’utilisation disproportionnée d’une partie du paysage reflète la volonté d’un individu de remplir une partie de son cycle biologique. Toutefois, dans le troisième chapitre j’ai démontré que des simples mesures d’habitat sont à mieux de décrire la variation dans la survie des Wapitis. Selon, mes résultats, la variation individuelle dans la sélection des habitats était le modèle qui expliquait le mieux la corrélation entre les habitats et le succès reproducteur et que les coefficients de sélection des ressources n’étaient pas corrélés à la survie.<br>Successful management of harvested species critically depends on an ability to predict the consequences of corrective actions. Ideally, managers would have comprehensive, quantitative and continuous knowledge of a managed system upon which to base decisions. In reality, wildlife managers rarely have comprehensive system knowledge. Despite imperfect knowledge and data deficiencies, a desire exists to manipulate populations and achieve objectives. To this end, manipulation of harvest regimes and the habitat upon which species rely have become staples of wildlife management. Contemporary statistical tools have potential to enhance both the estimation of population size and vital rates while making possible more proactive management. In chapter 1 we evaluate the efficacy of integrated population models (IPM) to fill knowledge voids under conditions of limited data and model misspecification. We show that IPMs maintain high accuracy and low bias over a wide range of realistic conditions. In recognition of the fact that many monitoring programs have focal data collection areas we then fit a novel form of the IPM that employs random effects to effectively share information through space and time. We find that random effects dramatically improve performance of optimization algorithms, produce reasonable estimates and make it possible to estimate parameters for populations with very limited data. We applied these random effect models to 51 elk management units in Idaho, USA to demonstrate the abilities of the models and information gains. Many of the estimates are the first of their kind. Short-term forecasting is the focus of population models, but managers assess viability on longer time horizons through habitat. Modern approaches to understanding large ungulate habitat requirements largely depend on resource selection. An implicit assumption of the resource selection approach is that disproportionate use of the landscape directly reflects an individual’s desire to meet life history goals. However, we show that simple metrics of habitat encountered better describe variations in elk survival. Comparing population level variation through time to individual variation we found that individual variation in habitat used was the most supported model relating habitat to a fitness component. Further, resource selection coefficients did not correlate with survival.
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Rinehart, Kurt. "Analytical And Decision Tools For Wildlife Population And Habitat Management." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/393.
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The long-term success of wildlife conservation depends on maximizing the benefits of limited funds and data in pursuit of population and habitat objectives. The ultimate currency for wildlife management is progress toward long-term preservation of ample, wild, free wildlife populations and to this end, funds must be wisely spent and maximal use made from limited data.
Through simulation-based analyses, I evaluated the efficacy of various models for estimating population abundance from harvest data. Because managers have different estimators to choose from and can also elect to collect additional data, I compared the statistical performance of different estimation strategies (estimator + dataset) relative to the financial cost of data collection. I also performed a value of information analysis to measure the impact that different strategies have on a representative harvest management decision. The latter analysis is not based on the cost of data, but rather on the management benefit derived from basing decisions on different datasets.
Finally, I developed a hybrid modeling framework for mapping habitat quality or suitability. This framework makes efficient use of expert opinion and empirical validation data in a single, updatable statistical structure. I illustrate this method by applying it across an entire state.
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Swanson, Kevin Allen. "Movements, Survival, and Habitat Relationships of Snowshoe Hares Following Release in Northeast Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1364225059.
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Rittenhouse, Chadwick D. "Wildlife response to spatial and temporal changes in forest habitat." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5537.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on June 15, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Fournier, Auriel Maria VanDerLaar. "Phenology, Habitat Use, and the Impacts of Wetland Management on Autumn Migrating Rails in Missouri." Thesis, University of Arkansas, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10261753.
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<p> Rails (Family: Rallidae) are among the least studied birds in North America, in large part due to their elusive nature. As a wetland-dependent species, understanding the timing of their migration and their habitat needs during migration is especially important since management needs to be timed to balance the needs of many species. I developed and verified a new distance sampling based nocturnal ATV spotlight survey because traditional call-broadcast surveys are not effective during autumn migration because of the drop off in call rate after the breeding season. These surveys allow us to ask point-level questions about what habitats rails select during migration and how it changes over time. Through these standardized surveys from 2012-2016 across 11 public properties in Missouri, USA, I documented the migratory timing and habitat use of migratory rails. Sora (Porzana carolina) have a wide migratory window, beginning in early August and continuing through the end of October with a peak in late September. Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola) and Yellow Rails (Coturnicops noveboracensis) have shorter migratory periods, from late September through the end of October. Rails, especially Sora, migrate earlier than waterfowl, which can create a mismatch of habitat needs. We performed a 3 year experiment to examine the response of Sora and waterfowl to early autumn wetland flooding. Sora responded positively without a negative impact on waterfowl. I used monitoring data to create species distribution models to inform estimates of migratory connectivity for all three species using stable hydrogen isotopes. Sora and Yellow Rails were estimated to migrate generally north-south, with Virginia Rails coming from a wider east-west range. Through better understanding the migratory connectivity, timing and habitat use of rails in the autumn I provide a foundation to inform conservation and management of these fascinating and elusive birds. We provide a description of all variables used (Appendix II), GPS data of survey tracks and detection points (Appendix III), data sets of bird observation points, survey data, and vegetation information (Appendix IV), data sets of stable hydrogen isotope data (Appendix V), data sets of species distribution models (Appendix VI).</p>
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Trulove, Nicholas F. "Social and Scientific Factors Impacting Mule Deer Habitat Conservation in the Intermountain West." Thesis, Prescott College, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1539500.
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<p> For mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>) in the Intermountain West, alterations to habitat are outpacing strategies to mitigate human disturbance on critical seasonal ranges and migration routes. </p><p> Conserving mule deer habitat requires cooperation between a diverse group of stakeholders, state wildlife agencies, and federal land management agencies. The first chapter of this thesis explores the current and historical relationship between state wildlife agencies, citizen stakeholders, and federal agencies in order to highlight opportunities to improve cooperative habitat conservation in the United States. Conservation is a result of social, political, and economic action, but relies upon science to inform policy. The second chapter explores the seasonal habitat use of mule deer in southwestern Wyoming. In response to low fawn recruitment, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department deployed 15 GPS collars on adult female mule deer in an effort to enhance knowledge of mule deer population dynamics, migrations, and habitat use. The study captured two winter climate regimes, with greater winter severity during the 2010-11 winter compared to the winter of 2011-12. Deer migrated an average of 23.9 km (SE = 2.2) between seasonal ranges, and completed spring migrations nearly one month earlier following the milder winter of 2011-12 (<i>t</i>19 = 5.53, df = 19, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). Pooled, the average area of winter ranges (1057 ha, SE = 103, <i>n</i> = 26) was larger than summer ranges (423 ha, SE = 51 ha, <i>n</i> = 25) (<i>t</i> = −5.44, df = 49, <i>P</i> &le; 0.001), with no increase or decrease in size of seasonal ranges detected between years (<i>P</i> = 0.243) according to a post-hoc Tukey HSD test. Between years, deer were observed to shift the geographic center of winter ranges (2.9 km, SE = 1.1, <i> n</i> = 12) to a larger degree than summer ranges (0.4 km, SE = 0.1, <i> n</i> = 12) (<i>t</i> = −2.20, df = 22, <i>P</i> = 0.040). Survival and pregnancy rates (86% and 96%, respectively) correlated closely with other mule deer studies, and neither factor appears to negatively impact population growth. </p><p> Identifying seasonal ranges and migration routes, and quantifying seasonal habitat use, will assist Wyoming Game and Fish Department efforts to protect mule deer seasonal habitats and migration routes, and direct vegetation manipulations intended to improve the nutritional quality of habitats. On average, winter ranges included a later percentage of shrub-dominated habitat (83.8%, SE = 0.3, <i>n</i> = 26) than summer ranges (57.5%, SE = 2.0, <i> n</i> = 25) (<i>t</i> = −4.42, df = 49, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). Summer ranges averaged a greater proportion of agricultural lands (2.8%, SE = 1.1, <i>n</i> = 25) and aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides </i>) habitats (9.0%, SE = 2.2, <i>n</i> = 25) than winter ranges (0.1%, SE = 0.1, <i>n</i> = 26 and 0.2%, SE = 0.0, <i> n</i> = 26, respectively) (<i>t</i> = 3.03, df = 49, <i>P</i> = 0.004 and <i>t</i>= 3.86, df = 49, <i> P</i> ≤ 0.001, respectively). Mule deer ranges are primarily located on Bureau of Land Management (73%, SE = 2.8, <i>n</i> = 51) and privately owned (17.3%, SE = 2.9, <i>n</i> = 51) lands, highlighting opportunities for cooperative partnerships for mule deer habitat conservation. </p>
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Collins, Rita. "Urban Coyote (Canis latrans) Ecology| Diet, Activity, and Habitat Use." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10826343.
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<p> Non-habituated coyotes (<i>Canis latrans</i>) avoid direct interactions with humans. Reliance on human food sources has been linked to gradual habituation, a precursor to conflict and attacks on domestic pets and humans. Diet and activity patterns of urban coyotes inhabiting natural fragments in Long Beach, CA were monitored through scat collection and camera trapping over a year (Aug 2016 – Aug 2017). Local urban coyotes are relying predominately on natural foods, with an increase in mammalian prey in the wet season and an increase in vegetation and insect consumption in the dry season. Anthropogenic items, food and food related inedible items, appeared in 14% of scats overall, with no significant seasonal change. Cat remains were found in 14% of scat samples, but only triggered cameras once throughout the 2,857 camera nights of the study. Coyote activity was centered on nights in both seasons, with greater dawn activity in the dry season, indicating an avoidance of peak human activity. This reliance on natural foods and avoidance of human activity reduces the opportunities for human-wildlife conflicts in our local area.</p><p>
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Dunfey-Ball, Kyle Robert. "Moose Density, Habitat, and Winter Tick Epizootics in a Changing Climate." Thesis, University of New Hampshire, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10262491.
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<p> Unregulated hunting and habitat loss led to a near extirpation of moose (Alces alces) in New Hampshire in the 1800s. After state protection in 1901, the estimated population increased slowly to ∼500 moose in 1977, then increased rapidly in the next 2 decades to ∼7500 following an increase in browse habitat created by spruce budworm (<i>Choristoneura fumiferana </i>) and related timber salvage operations, and then halved from 1998-2016 despite highly available optimal habitat. The declining population was partially related to the specific management objective to reduce moose-vehicle collisions, and a possible change in deer hunter and moose behavior that influence population estimates. But given the substantial decline in productivity and condition of cows, and frequent episodes of high calf mortality in April, the primary cause of decline was presumed to be is an increase in winter tick abundance. </p><p> This study examined the relationships among moose density, optimal habitat, weather/ground conditions, winter tick abundance, and natal dispersal in northern New England. Comparing movement data from the previous (2002-2006) and current (2014-2016) productivity studies in New Hampshire and Maine, the distance of natal dispersal, home and core range size, and home and core range overlap did not significantly (<i>P</i> > 0.05) change despite an increase in optimal habitat and a decrease in moose density.</p><p> Geographic changes in tick abundance were related to an interaction between moose density, and the onset and length of winter. Annual changes in tick abundance in northern New Hampshire are driven by desiccating late summer conditions, as well as the length of the fall questing season. Lower precipitation (6.4 cm) and higher minimum temperatures (9.8 °C) specifically concentrated during larval quiescence from mid-August through mid-September reduces winter tick abundance and the likelihood of an epizootic event. The onset of winter, defined by the first snowfall event (> 2.54 cm), influenced the length of the questing season relative to the date of long-term first snowfall event (14 November). In the epizootic region, average winter tick abundance on moose harvested in mid-October indicated a threshold of 36.9 ticks, above which an epizootic is like to occur unless an early snowfall event shortened the fall questing season. Optimal habitat created by forest harvesting was produced at an annual rate of 1.3% (1999-2011) and is not considered limiting in northern New Hampshire, but likely concentrates moose density locally (∼4 moose/km<sup>2</sup>) facilitating the exchange of winter ticks. In northern New Hampshire, snow cover late into April did not reduce tick abundance in the following year and cold temperatures (< 17 °C) that induced replete adult female mortality are extremely rare in April.</p><p> Given a continuation of warming climate and conservative moose harvest weather conditions and high local moose densities will continue to favor the life cycle of winter ticks, increasing the frequency of winter tick epizootics and shift the epizootic region slowly northward. Conversely, temporary reduction of moose density may substantially reduce parasite abundance and support a healthier and more productive moose population.</p><p>
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Donovan, Kaley Jean. "Songbird Habitat Models on the Landscape-scale in Southeast Ohio’s Public Forestland." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480611818902431.
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Walker, L. M. "Water table management in wildlife habitats." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341493.
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Lancaster, Joseph David. "Survival, habitat use, and spatiotemporal use of wildlife management areas by female mallards in Mississippi's Alluvial Valley." Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1548621.
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<p>The Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) is an important region for wintering mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in North America, yet little is known about their spatiotemporal habitat use and related survival in Mississippi. I tracked 126 radio-marked female mallards to quantify survival, habitat use, and use of wildlife management areas (WMAs) with experimental hunt regimes in the south MAV of Mississippi during winters 2010-2012. Daily survival was greatest in agricultural (0.997) and moist-soil (0.999) habitats in winters 2010-2011 and 2011-2012, respectively. Overall interval survival across both winters was 0.60 (SE = 0.02). Forested (40-54%) and moist-soil wetlands (41-59%) received greatest use diurnally and nocturnally, respectively. Mallards used WMAs similarly (P > 0.22) whether they were hunted 2- or 4-days/week. My data suggest that complexes of flooded cropland, forest, and moist-soil habitats are suitable habitats for mallards in the MAV, WMAs can be hunted 4-days/week, and sanctuaries should be revised at two WMAs.
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Nerhus, Barry S. Jr. "The movements, habitat use, and population assessment of western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) in a Southern California seasonal wetland." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10105256.
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<p> This study investigates the population dynamics, movements, and habitat use of a population of western pond turtles in Orange County, California from 2008-2012 using radio telemetry and mark-recapture data. Western pond turtles have been thought to be declining throughout their range. However, few studies have documented their status in southern California, where urbanization has changed the landscape drastically in recent decades. I individually marked 236 pond turtles using hoop-net funnel traps and estimated the population size at 308 individuals, which is the largest estimate reported in southern California. Mean capture per unit effort was 5.03±0.87. Mean female carapace length (CL) (142±14mm) was not significantly larger than males (139±14 mm). I also documented 20 nest and 9 estivation locations. Mean distances included 176 ±130.80 meters (m) and 91±58.6 m. These data identify the population demography, which can be a metric of population stability. Other known populations need to be estimated to determine their regional status.</p>
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Frantz, Mack Wilson. "Is spot mapping missing important aspects of golden-winged warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) breeding habitat?" Thesis, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1536671.
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<p> The Golden-winged Warbler (<i>Vermivora chrysoptera</i>) is an imperiled migratory songbird that nests in young forest habitats of eastern North America. As such, this species has recently been the focus of an intensive multi-year, range-wide, breeding ecology study. A major focus of this research involved spot-mapping color banded males to examine relationships between nesting success and territory-scale habitat variables. I compared differences in space and habitat use of individual male Golden-winged Warblers that were monitored using both spot mapping and radio telemetry. An individual's telemetry delineated use area was on average 3.6 times larger than its spot-mapped territory. Almost half (46%) of all telemetry locations were located outside their respective male's spot-mapped territory. Number of saplings was higher in telemetry use areas (22.49 ± 2.14) than spot-mapped territories (11.80 ± 1.86). Although the exact motive for extra-territorial movements is unknown, foraging and/or suggestive observations of extra-pair copulation are likely motivating factors. The results of my study suggest Golden-winged Warblers are seeking resources outside their spot-mapped delineated territories. Furthermore, Golden-winged Warblers were found to have more telemetry locations in mature forest than found through spot-mapping. Ultimately, spot mapping alone does not accurately reflect Golden-winged Warbler space use and habitat needs.</p>
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Bergman, Eric James. "Evaluation of winter range habitat treatments on overwinter survival, density, and body condition of mule deer." Thesis, Colorado State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3593359.
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<p>The management and research of mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus </i>) in Colorado and throughout the Rocky Mountain West is an exciting arena for wildlife professionals as the prevailing view among biologists, managers, researchers, hunters, wildlife viewers and general wildlife enthusiasts is that they would like to see more deer on the landscape. </p><p> In Chapter 1, I used 4 years of data and 8 study units to evaluate the effect of habitat management on the overwinter survival of mule deer fawns. Habitat management consisted of different levels of habitat management efforts: reference study units received no habitat management, traditional habitat treatment units received mechanical disturbance and advanced habitat treatment units were comprised of both mechanical disturbances as well as follow-up chemical control of weeds and reseeding with desirable browse species. Mule deer fawns that overwintered on areas that received both a traditional treatment as well as follow-up treatments experienced an improvement in survival (<i> Ŝ</i> = 0.768, SE = 0.085) over deer on winter range without habitat treatments (<i>Ŝ</i> = 0.675, SE = 0.112). When partitioned into different levels of treatment intensity, mule deer inhabiting winter range that advanced treatments (i.e., both traditional treatments and follow-up treatments) experienced higher survival (<i>Ŝ</i> = 0.768, SE = 0.0849) than deer on areas that experienced only traditional treatments (<i>Ŝ</i> = 0.687, SE = 0.108), which in turn experienced higher survival than in areas that had received no treatments (<i>Ŝ </i> = 0.669, SE = 0.113). </p><p> In my second chapter, I relied on recent advancements in abundance estimation methodologies to determine if habitat management strategies increased mule deer density. In order to estimate mule deer density, I conducted annual helicopter mark-resight surveys across the 8 study units that were utilized in chapter 1. Resighting probabilities (range 0.070–0.567) were best modeled as an interactive function of study unit and year, although sampling method was also important. A consistent pattern of higher deer density on advanced treatment study units was not observed despite its being the primary hypothesis of the study. Total deer densities did vary by latitude with 20–84 deer/km² in southern study units and 4–12 deer/km² in northern study units. I conclude that if population density is to be used as a population response variable, it only be used in tandem with other, possibly more sensitive parameters, such as overwinter survival of mule deer fawns. </p><p> In my third chapter, I investigate the relationships between habitat, body condition, and life history characteristics. With the increased availability of portable ultrasound machines and the refinement of hormonal assays, assessment of ungulate body condition has become a more accessible monitoring strategy. I employed body condition scoring, estimation of % ingesta-free body fat (%IFBF) and assessment of thyroid hormones (FT4 and FT3) as metrics to determine if landscape-level habitat manipulation affected body condition of adult (≥1.5 years old) female mule deer. </p><p> For my final chapter, I assimilate the knowledge and information gained from my first 3 chapters with the existing knowledge base surrounding mule deer population dynamics and population limitation within Colorado. Such reviews have been conducted periodically (e.g., 1960s and late 1990s) and have been precipitated by mule deer population declines. A dramatic decline in mule deer populations was detected during the final years of my field research but the underlying cause of this decline is yet to be determined. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)</p>
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Wilkinson, Robert N. "A Habitat Evaluation and Management Plan for a Riparian Ecosystem." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501112/.
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Ecological research involving habitat studies was conducted on the Elm Fork of the Trinity River in Denton County, Texas, from spring 1985 to spring 1986. Habitat Evaluation Procedures and Habitat Suitability Index Models developed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service were applied to a 1419 hectares study area to determine the quality of habitat for four species: beaver, Castor canadensis, wood duck, Aix sponsa, pileated woodpecker, Dryocopus pileatus, and white crappie, Poxomis annularis. Population estimates were generated. A wildlife management plan was developed for the study area. Habitat Suitability Index Models were found to be overly conservative, underestimating the quality of habitat in areas of ecological transition.
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McCombs, John Wayland II. "Geographic Information System Topographic Factor Maps for Wildlife Management." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36865.
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A geographic information system (GIS) was used to create landform measurements and maps for elevation, slope, aspect, landform index, relative phenologic change, and slope position for 3 topographic quadrangles in Virginia. A set of known observation points of the Northern dusky flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) was used to build 3 models to delineate sites with landform characteristics equivalent to those known points. All models were built using squirrel observation points from 2 topographic quadrangles. The first model, called "exclusionary", excluded those pixels with landform characteristics different from the known squirrel pixels based on histogram analyses. Logistic regression was used to create the other 2 models. Each model resulted in an image of pixels considered equivalent to the known squirrel pixels. Each model excluded approximately 65% of the Highland study area, but the exclusionary model excluded the fewest known squirrel pixels (12.62%). Both logistic regression models excluded approximately 10% more known squirrel pixels than the exclusionary approach. The models were tested in the area of a third quadrangle with points known to be occupied by squirrels. After the model was applied to the third topographic quadrangle, the exclusionary model excluded the least amount of full-area pixels (79.30%) and only 14.81% of the known squirrel pixels. The second logistic regression excluded 81.16 % of the full area and no known squirrel pixels. All models proved useful in quickly delineating pixels equivalent to areas where wildlife were known to occur.<br>Master of Science
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Jones, Paul Francis. "Winter habitat selection by elk (Cervus elaphus) in the lower foothills of west-central Alberta /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq22609.pdf.
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Pachomski, Amanda L. "Foraging Habitat Characteristics, Prey Availability, and Detectability of Rusty Blackbirds| Implications for Land and Wildlife Management in the Northern Forest." Thesis, State University of New York Col. of Environmental Science & Forestry, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10284445.
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<p> The Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) is a migratory songbird that breeds in and near the boreal wetlands of northern New England and Canada. Although the Rusty Blackbird was once common, the species has declined by an estimated 90% since the 1960’s (Greenberg et al. 2010). I used single-season occupancy analysis to model breeding Rusty Blackbirds’ use of 60 beaver (Castor canadensis) influenced wetlands in Coos County, New Hampshire and Oxford County, Maine. I conducted three 30 minute detected/ not detected surveys, surveyed food availability and foraging habitat, and digitized each survey wetland. Rusty Blackbirds’ use of wetlands was best predicted by the site covariates mud and invertebrate abundance and detectability was best predicted by survey period. Probability of wetland use decreased with increasing mud cover and increased with increasing aquatic invertebrate abundance. I recommend that future researchers survey for Rusty Blackbirds for 30 minute periods to maximize survey coverage.</p><p>
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Olivas, Corin Michelle. "Habitat and spatial ecology of the Western Screech-Owl ( Megascops kennicottii) in the Davis Mountains of West Texas." Thesis, Sul Ross State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1603804.
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<p> Western Screech-Owls (<i>Megascops kennicottii</i>) are small, nocturnal owls that occur year-round throughout most of the Trans-Pecos region in West Texas, and are associated with deciduous woodlands and riparian habitats. Roadside nocturnal callback surveys, were established along well-defined trails within the Davis Mountains Preserve, and took place from May until August for two years to ascertain the relative abundance of Western Screech-Owls within the property. Abundance indices (birds detected/visit/station) were calculated for both survey seasons. Radiotelemetry was incorporated to determine certain life-history information, while habitat was characterized from both survey and telemetry sites. Occupancy models with detection probabilities were created using Program PRESENCE based on collected presence-absence data. Based on criteria for suitable screech-owl habitat previously defined in the literature, several models were also generated within ArcGIS to compare with the field data and to help predict areas of occupancy within the property. Owl abundance averaged 1.05 owls/point in 2013 and 0.82 owls/point in 2014. Six owls were marked during the study, and 3 of 6 locations were confirmed as daytime roosting sites. Statistically, there were no significant differences between occupied survey sites and telemetry sites, with only the percentage of canopy being significantly different with a mean difference of 9.32, <i> t</i><sub>42</sub> = -2.36, <i>p</i> = 0.023. Both owls and transmitters were discovered in dense juniper-oak mottes on north-facing slopes, indicating a preference for dense, short, closed canopy areas for roosting. Overall vegetative ground cover for the two seasons averaged 54% and 48%, respectively. It was concluded that none of the included covariates in the models influenced either occupancy or detection probabilities, though detectability demonstrated an overall trend based on time of night. GIS models did not reveal any variable that strongly influenced owl occupancy but did correspond with results from previous literature.</p>
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Swehla, Tyler. "Riverfront remediation: redevelopment for human access and wildlife health." Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36234.
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Master of Landscape Architecture<br>Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning<br>Alpa Nawre<br>Historically, industrial riverfronts often polluted waters and sites with chemicals, leading to degraded ecosystem health and reduced numbers of aquatic wildlife downstream. These sites currently pollute the environment through residual chemicals and waste left behind by industrial-era production factories. Urban riverfront redevelopment offers many possibilities to restore wetland ecosystems and reestablish site connections to surroundings through human access. By redeveloping urban rivers for wetland protection and stormwater management, cities can begin to regain their connections with the landscape while providing resilient ecosystems through restoration. This proposal identifies possibilities for riverfront redevelopment as wetlands and tools for restorative action aiding increased human access and wildlife health. A stormwater management plan utilizing phytotechnology is proposed for the ARMCO Site at 7000 Winner Rd. Kansas City, MO, a former steel manufacturing site, adjacent to the Missouri River and Blue River waterways. Using plant material and landscape design, the ARMCO riverfront has been redesigned to unlock the full potential of treatment wetlands and showcase emerging treatment methods that could soon become typical cleanup procedure. A template for remediation design has been created with the techniques identified for remediation, stormwater treatment, and habitat creation outlined in the master plan proposal. Nine precedent studies have been used to identify key concepts for design phasing aimed at human accessibility and modifications of restorative tools. Careful deliberation of stormwater containment and flood plain levels define site layout while contributing design responses adaptable for year-round functionality coupled with landscape interest for each season. The techniques and planting palette have been tailored to address the specific site contaminants for the Missouri River riverfront but are adaptable for various contaminants and ecosystems.
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Wallace, Cynthia S. A. "Extracting temporal and spatial information from remotely sensed data for mapping wildlife habitat." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280220.
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The research accomplished in this dissertation used both mathematical and statistical techniques to extract and evaluate measures of landscape temporal dynamics and spatial structure from remotely sensed data for the purpose of mapping wildlife habitat. By coupling the landscape measures gleaned from the remotely sensed data with various sets of animal sightings and population data, effective models of habitat preference were created. Measures of temporal dynamics of vegetation greenness as measured by National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite were used to effectively characterize and map season specific habitat of the Sonoran pronghorn antelope, as well as produce preliminary models of potential yellow-billed cuckoo habitat in Arizona. Various measures that capture different aspects of the temporal dynamics of the landscape were derived from AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index composite data using three main classes of calculations: basic statistics, standardized principal components analysis, and Fourier analysis. Pronghorn habitat models based on the AVHRR measures correspond visually and statistically to GIS-based models produced using data that represent detailed knowledge of ground-condition. Measures of temporal dynamics also revealed statistically significant correlations with annual estimates of elk population in selected Arizona Game Management Units, suggesting elk respond to regional environmental changes that can be measured using satellite data. Such relationships, once verified and established, can be used to help indirectly monitor the population. Measures of landscape spatial structure derived from IKONOS high spatial resolution (1-m) satellite data using geostatistics effectively map details of Sonoran pronghorn antelope habitat. Local estimates of the nugget, sill, and range variogram parameters calculated within 25 x 25-meter image windows describe the spatial autocorrelation of the image, permitting classification of all pixels into coherent units whose signature graphs exhibit a classic variogram shape. The variogram parameters captured in these signatures have been shown in previous studies to discriminate between different species-specific vegetation associations. The synoptic view of the landscape provided by satellite data can inform resource management efforts. The ability to characterize the spatial structure and temporal dynamics of habitat using repeatable remote sensing data allows closer monitoring of the relationship between a species and its landscape.
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Hull, Jamie Rebekah. "Can urban greenways provide high quality avian habitat?" Connect to this title online, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06052003-131934/.
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Fox, Lisa Marie 1964. "Nutritional content of forage in Sonoran pronghorn habitat, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278586.
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I determined if Sonoran pronghorn (Antilocapra americana sonoriensis) could meet water and mineral requirements through consumption of forage. I sampled vegetation using dry weight rank and comparative yield methods in southwestern Arizona from June 1995 to May 1996 to determine preformed water, nutrient content, mineral content, and vegetation abundance. Water and nutrient content of plants varied between 2 sites and among 5 seasons (P ≤ 0.05). Plants consumed by pronghorn were higher in moisture and nutrients (P ≤ 0.05) than non-forage species. I constructed a model for Sonoran pronghorn diet based on field data. I used the model to describe dietary intake. Water intake predicted by diet models ranged from 1.1 to 6.1 L/animal/day; often exceeding predicted total water requirements (1.8-3.4 L/animal/day). Models predicted that forage provided adequate water for pronghorn during 5 seasons at 1 of 2 study sites and deficiencies for 5 of 11 minerals at both study sites.
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Hollen, Jennifer Windom. "Bat diversity, activity, and habitat use in a mixed disturbance landscape." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1498765592627811.
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Lolya, Lewis Matthew. "Assessing Avian Responses to Habitat Management Along Pipeline Right-of-ways in Eastern Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1556739587776114.
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Wigginton, Corey David. "EVALUATION OF COST-SHARE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS AS AN INCENTIVE FOR WILDLIFE HABITAT MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION ON PRIVATE LANDS IN MISSISSIPPI." MSSTATE, 2009. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-01232009-122932/.
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Cost-share programs to improve sustainable land and water use are offered from federal, state, and non-governmental entities to non-industrial private (NIP) landowners. Despite the broad attention given to the ecological benefits of these programs, far less attention has been focused on their social impacts and benefits. To achieve the desired environmental objectives laid out within these programs, natural resource agencies must work to maintain high levels of satisfaction and participation among private landowners. The purpose of the study was to examine the attitudes and motivations of participants enrolled in one of three cost-share programs in Mississippi and compare those with the views of natural resource professionals throughout the state regarding landowner attitudes and motivations. Overall, landowners had positive views of their program experiences and the views of natural resource professionals coincided largely with those of landowners.
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Fishman, Michael Samuel. "Roost and Foraging Habitat for Indiana Bats (Myotis Sodalis) in the Southeastern Ontario Lake Plain of New York State." Thesis, State University of New York Col. of Environmental Science & Forestry, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10600898.
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<p> Conservation of endangered Indiana bats (<i>Myotis sodalis</i>) requires knowledge of regional habitat use patterns. I radio-tracked Indiana bats to roosts and foraging areas to document summer habitat use. Sexes selected different roost trees: reproductive females selected maples, whereas males selected elms and other species, but did not use maples. Distribution models based on environmental correlates revealed that soil series was the strongest contributor to niche models. Females selected roosts in silt loams; males selected roosts in muck, silt loam and fine sandy loams. All bats foraged in habitats over fine sandy and gravelly loams. Male roosts and female foraging areas were found near local water body elevations, though males foraged at higher elevations. The niche models suggest that sexes roost and forage separately, but that ranges for these activities overlap. My findings identify habitats selected by Indiana bats thereby enabling more effective conservation for this endangered species.</p><p>
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Kahler, Benjamin M. "Area-sensitivity, landscape habitat associattions and distribution of breeding marsh birds within the glaciated region of Ohio, USA." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1367574841.
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Bonner, Jerri LeAnne. "The influence of beaver impoundments on vegetative composition, and modeling habitat suitability as a tool for wildlife management and conservation." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4396.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 119 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Losee, Michele J. "Habitat Characteristics and Nesting Ecology of Golden Eagles in Arizona." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1563035697672681.
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Collins, Merri K. "Searching for a Salamander: Distribution and Habitat of the Common Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) in Southeast Ohio Using Environmental DNA." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1493823781867991.
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Gaston, Wesson Dalton Armstrong James B. "Feral pig (Sus scrofa) survival, home range, and habitat use at Lowndes County Wildlife Management Area, Alabama." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Forestry_and_Wildlife_Sciences/Thesis/Gaston_Wesson_59.pdf.
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Wilhite, Jerry W. "Use of infrared aerial photographs to identify and assess habitat needed by native fish in rivers." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1445041571&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Simons, Erin M. "Influences of Past and Future Forest Management on the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Habitat Supply for Canada Lynx and American Martens in Northern Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SimonsEM2009.pdf.
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Simms, Karen Maureen 1961. "Home range, habitat use, and movements of reintroduced masked bobwhite." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277014.
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Home range, habitat use, and movements of reintroduced masked bobwhite (Colinus virginianus ridgewayi) were studied during 1986-88 on the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge in southern Arizona. Home ranges averaged 10.9 ha (5.2-14.6 ha), and core areas averaged 1.1 ha (0.2-2.7 ha). Core areas had significantly higher visual obstruction by vegetation from 0-1 dm, aerial and basal grass cover, and significantly lower bare ground, litter, half-shrub cover, half shrub density, and visual obstruction by vegetation from 5-20 dm than non-core areas. The majority of the masked bobwhite moved less than 1 km between their release location and the site of first trapping. However, some long distance movements occurred. Once home ranges were established, masked bobwhite seldom left the boundaries. Key habitat components are identified for masked bobwhite on the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge.
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Tucker, Jason Todd. "Movements, habitat selection, and home ranges of greater sandhill cranes (Grus candensis tabida) in Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408987504.
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Koenen, Kiana Kathleen-Gaye. "Seasonal densities and habitat use of desert mule deer in a semidesert grassland." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278709.
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I determined density and habitat use of desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) on the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge, a semidesert grassland in southeastern Arizona, in 1996. I observed 219 groups of deer; densities varied from 0.9 ± 0.3 (SE) deer/km² in summer to 2.5 ± 1.3 in winter. Herd size varied from 1.5 ± 0.1 deer/group in summer to 9.7 ± 2.0 in winter. Density of females was greater than males (0.9 ± 0.3 and 0.03 ± 0.04, respectively). Mule deer used subshrub-grass more in summer (χ² = 54.8, 6 df, P < 0.0001) and Russian thistle (Sallsola kali) less and cactus more in autumn (χ² = 60.2, 6 df, P < 0.0001) than expected. Deer used mesquite (Prosopis velutina) less than expected, which may have been due to the difficulty of observing deer in dense cover. In general, the mule deer population was widespread, had a high proportion of females, and used vegetation associations as available.
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Warren, Kelly A. "Habitat use, nest success, and management recommendations for grassland birds of the Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge, West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1933.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 147 p. : ill. (some col.), col. map. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Greer, Ron D. "Ecology and Seasonal Habitat Use Patterns of Columbian Sharp-Tailed Grouse in Northern Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/611.
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Columbian sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus: hereafter sharp-tailed grouse) populations have been declining. These declines have been attributed to a number of factors, including habitat loss due to agriculture, habitat fragmentation, overgrazing by livestock, and the loss to fire. To gather information about their status in northern Utah, I radio-marked sharp-tailed grouse in 2003 (n=15) and 2004 (n=20) in two research areas. The study areas were located on the south end of Cache County and in eastern Box Elder County. In the Cache study area, I monitored 7 males and 1 female in 2003, and 6 males and 3 females in 2004. In the Box Elder study area, I monitored 6 males in 2003 and 6 males and 5 females in 2004. I then located the radio-marked sharp-tailed grouse using telemetry and collected Visual Obstruction Readings (VOR) and vegetation data on each flush site and on a randomly selected paired point. I completed an unsupervised classification of the two study areas to determine if habitats were used more than would be expected based on availability. I then used a paired point linear regression to determine if vegetation parameters were correlated with sharp-tailed grouse on the landscape. Sagebrush in the Box Elder County study area and forbs in the Cache County study area were significantly correlated with habitat use by sharp-tailed grouse. The VOR readings were higher at the flush sites than at the paired points. The unsupervised classification showed that in Box Elder County, sagebrush was used in greater proportion than is available, while in the Cache County study area there were no habitat types that were used in greater proportion than was available on the landscape. I collected information on nest sites, nest success, broods, and mortality of these 2 populations. Nest success was 75% combined over the 2-year study, and mortality was 72% for both populations over the 2 years. Seasonal habitat use and distance travelled were determined using Global Positioning System points collected at every flush point. The distance traveled ranged from 0.9 km to 14.7 km, with the longest distance being travelled in the winter.
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Bellu, Annalisa. "Phytosociology applied to wildlife management - a study on the potentiality for the reintroduction of cervids in the Montemuro-Freita-Arada mountain range." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5215.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia<br>The aim of the present thesis was to assess the use of phytosociology in wildlife management.
In Section II, as a case study, I investigated red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) and roe deer
(Capreolus capreolus) free ranging populations occurring in the Natural Park of Montesinho,
northeast Portugal, using faecal-pellet counts to assess deer use of semi-natural meadows
(lameiros) and forest communities. Phytosociological classification contributed to explain red
deer spring selective use of meadows at finer scales and performed better than other
clustering criteria for classifying vegetation patches. At the landscape level, composition of
the neighbouring vegetation mosaic, topography, and meadow’s characteristics, as
management status and dominant phytosociology, produced the best models for deer seasonal
use of meadows. The forest use analysis revealed red and roe deer preference for oak forests
over pine plantations, and habitat use overlapping between red and roe deer all year round.
In Section III, I extrapolated the information gathered in Section II on deer use to build, for
the Montemuro-Freita-Arada massif, a predictive map for roe deer use of meadows, showing a
generally low use, with exception of isolated meadows closer to oak forest patches
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King, Nina Monique 1958. "Habitat use by endangered masked bobwhites and other quail on the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278667.
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Masked bobwhites used sites with more structural diversity than what was available on the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge during 1994-96. Selected habitat variables that adequately predicted habitat use by masked bobwhites included percent herbaceous canopy cover, structure at 15 cm and 2 m, forb richness, and season. Masked bobwhite used more structural diversity than Gambel's and scaled quail. Gambel's quail had broader habitat tolerances than either masked bobwhite or scaled quail. Selected habitat variables that revealed differences among masked bobwhites, Gambel's quail, and scaled quail included percent woody canopy cover, structure at 15 cm, forb richness, and season. A historic perspective revealed that masked bobwhites used sacaton grasses that grew along the floodplains as important escape cover. I believe that we need to restore the integrity of the grassland ecosystems including the floodplain if we are to recover masked bobwhite quail.
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Vande, Voort Amy M. "Habitat Characteristics and Occupancy Rates of Lewis's Woodpecker in Aspen." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/922.
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Lewis‘ woodpeckers (Melanerpes lewis) are generally associated with open ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), open riparian, and burned pine habitats in the West; however, this species has recently been found to nest in aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands in Utah. This study describes the habitat characteristics of Lewis‘ woodpecker nest sites in aspen and investigates how well aspen stand characteristics predict Lewis‘ woodpecker occupancy. I surveyed for Lewis‘ woodpeckers at previously occupied nesting locations in aspen and took habitat measurements at nest sites. In addition, nest-centered Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA)-type plots provided stand-level habitat characteristics. I used logistic regression to determine which stand-level habitat variables were associated with nest locations; significant variables were then used to select FIA plots in Utah that contained predicted suitable nesting habitat. Criteria used to select FIA plots were aspen type stands, percent canopy cover less than 46%, and average tree diameter at breast height greater than 27.9 cm (11 inches). I then conducted occupancy surveys at FIA plots predicted to contain “suitable” and “non-suitable” Lewis’ woodpecker habitat to field validate the predictive model. No predicted non-suitable plots (n=26) were occupied and only one predicted suitable plot (n=49) was occupied. My results indicated that Lewis’ woodpeckers are rare throughout Utah in aspen stands even though there seems to be abundant nesting habitat available. My results also indicated that variables measured by FIA do not, in isolation, provide sufficient capability to predict Lewis’ woodpecker nesting habitat or actual use, and that more data are needed to accurately predict Lewis’ woodpecker nesting habitat, such as distance to, age, and severity of fires.
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Barrett, Paul James. "Spatial habitat preference of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui), roundtail chub (Gila robusta), and razorback sucker (Xyaurchen texanus)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185772.
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Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) and Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP), require the use of habitat preference curves to model the habitat requirements of fish. The accuracy of these curves has been questioned, particularly when they are applied outside the geographic area for which they were developed. Depth, velocity, substrate, and cover preference curves were developed for adult and juvenile smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) in Wet Beaver Creek, Arizona, and were compared to those from previous habitat preference studies in Virginia, Oklahoma, and Arizona. Curves for fishes in Wet Beaver Creek also were compared to curves developed using information from the scientific literature. Additionally, curves were developed for adult and subadult roundtail chub (Gila robusta) in Wet Beaver Creek, and adult roundtail chub and razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) in Fossil Creek. The curves for adult roundtail chub were compared between these two locations. Velocity and depth preference curves, for both adult and juvenile smallmouth bass, appeared transferrable among locations. Minor differences between the depth curves were attributable to sampling techniques. Substrate preference curves were not transferrable; smallmouth bass seemed to use whatever substrates were locally available. No conclusion concerning the transferability of cover curves could be made because the definitions used for cover varied widely among investigators. Depth, velocity and substrate preferences of roundtail chub differed between the two streams studied, even though these streams were in the same drainage. The differences may have been related to the presence of smallmouth bass in Wet Beaver Creek; smallmouth bass were not present in Fossil Creek. Habitat preference curves based on depth, velocity, substrate, and cover parameters were developed for razorback suckers in Fossil Creek. No curves have been developed previously for razorback suckers in the lower Colorado River Basin; therefore, no comparisons were possible. This species was probably introduced into Fossil Creek and the habitat preference defined in this study may not represent razorback suckers throughout their range. Razorback suckers do not appear to have successfully spawned in Fossil Creek. This lack of success may reflect the absence of suitable habitat or simply indicate the fish have not reached sexual maturity.
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Andrus, Karina Jane. "A heli-skiing and mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) habitat management model : a case study of the Skeena region interim wildlife management objectives /." PURL, 2005. http://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/72486695.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Royal Roads University, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaf 71-75). Project presentation at BC Mountain Goat Workshop (March 1, 2005) also available electronically via Internet.
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Gomez-Sapiens, Martha Marina. "Linking shorebird and marsh bird habitat use to water management in anthropogenic and natural wetlands in the Colorado River delta." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3623546.
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<p> I estimated patterns of shorebird abundance and species diversity in the Colorado River Delta and Upper Gulf of California wetlands in order to determine the relative contribution of intertidal wetlands and non-tidal anthropogenic wetlands to support shorebird habitat use. Species richness varied from 15 to 26 species among sites and 29 species were detected across sites. Density during the peak migration month was higher at the anthropogenic wetland Cienega de Santa Clara (mean = 168 ind/ha, 95% C.I. 29-367), and the intertidal Golfo de Santa Clara (mean = 153 ind/ha, 95% C.I. 17-323). Anthropogenic wetlands (playa and lagoons) supported high abundance of shorebirds along with intertidal wetlands in the Colorado River Delta (mudflats). In contrast, intertidal wetlands farther south on the Sonoran Coast presented lower abundance but higher diversity of shorebird, likely as a result of the higher diversity of habitats (rocky shore, sandy beach, estuary). I modeled water management scenarios for the Cienega in order to determine the response of the dominant vegetation (southern cattail, <i>Typha domingensis</i> Pers.) and the area of the outflow pool below the marsh to different scenarios of water management. The model indicates that if the inflow rate is reduced below the current 4-5 m<sup> 3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> the vegetated area of the Cienega that supports habitat for marsh birds would decrease in proportion, as would the area of the outflow pool in the Santa Clara Slough identified previously as shorebird habitat. Increases in salinity will also reduce the vegetated area due to the low salt tolerance of <i>T. domingensis</i>. In winter about 90% of inflow water exits the Cienega into the Santa Clara Slough due to low evapotranspiration contributing to inundate areas that are used by wintering and migrating shorebirds. Lastly, I explored the feasibility of using Vegetation Indices (NDVI and EVI) to model Yuma Clapper Rail detections in the Cienega de Santa Clara as well as the effects of adding other habitat variables and the presence of fire events in the performance of linear models based on NDVI. Both NDVI and EVI were positively related to the Yuma Clapper Rail detections. The relationship was weak to moderate, but significant (P < 0.001), which suggests other factors besides the vegetation condition play an important role in the bird distribution pattern. A model including all the variability among years was a better predictor of the rails detected per transect, than models for fire and non-fire years. We did not find a significant effect from adding habitat features (water % or vegetation %), and we recommend to include variables at both microhabitat level and landscape level, relevant before and during the breeding season in order to increase the explanatory power of models.</p>
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Milbern, Lana Cecile. "Habitat usage of breeding songbirds in urban Columbus, Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587476090513815.
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Lautenbach, Joseph Mark. "Lesser prairie-chicken reproductive success, habitat selection, and response to trees." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18810.
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Master of Science<br>Department of Biology<br>David A. Haukos<br>The lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) is a species of prairie grouse native to the southwest Great Plains. Population declines and threats to populations of lesser prairie-chickens led U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to list the species as “threatened” under the protection of the Endangered Species Act in May 2014. Lesser prairie-chickens are found within three distinct ecoregions of Kansas and Colorado and portions of the species’ range are affected by tree encroachment into grasslands. The effect of trees on lesser prairie-chickens is poorly understood. I evaluated habitat selection and reproductive success and across the northern portion of the species’ range. I captured female lesser prairie-chickens within the three different ecoregions in Kansas and Colorado to track nest and brood survival and measure nest and brood habitat. My findings show that there are regional and annual variations in nest and brood survival. Mean nest survival during 2013 and 2014 was estimated to be 0.388 (95% CI = 0.343 – 0.433) for a 35-day exposure period. Brood survival during 2013 and 2014 was estimated to be 0.316 (95% CI = 0.184 – 0.457) for 56 days. Chick survival was the lowest during the first week of life and is probably a limiting factor for population growth. Chick and brood survival decreased as Julian hatch date increased. Across the northern portion of the species’ range, females consistently select visual obstruction between 2-3 dm. Vegetation at the nest changes between regions and years to reflect environmental and regional conditions. Broods consistently selected habitats with greater percent cover of forbs than was expected at random across all study sites. Broods also selected against areas of bare ground. The threshold of lesser prairie-chicken use was 2 trees/ha throughout the year. No nests were located within areas with greater densities. Lesser prairie-chickens had a greater probability of use at greater distances from trees and at lower tree densities. To provide adequate nesting habitat managers should provide 2-3 dm of visual obstruction. Providing forb cover with visual obstruction between 2.5-5 dm near nesting habitat should provide adequate habitat for broods. Removing trees in core habitats and expand removal efforts outward should expand potential habitat for lesser prairie-chickens.
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Tessler, Nathanial R. "Agricultural Streams as Spawning and Nursery Habitat for Northern Pike (Esox lucius) in the North Branch of the Portage River Drainage of Northwestern Ohio." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1336686805.
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Bryan, Nicholas Joseph. "Characteristics of the Unionid Community and Habitat in a Power Plant Thermal Plume in Western Lake Erie." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1369403135.
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White, Hillary M. "Riparian Bird-Habitat Association Models: A Framework for Informing Management and Developing Restoration Guidelines in Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/910.
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Approximately 75% of the avian species in Utah use riparian habitats at some time during their life cycles and at least 80% of this habitat in Utah has been lost or altered since settlement; currently 0.6% of land cover in Utah is considered riparian. In 1992, with the support of Utah Partner's in Flight, the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources began a statewide neotropical migratory bird (NTMB) and habitat monitoring program to assess the status of bird populations at 31 sites. Additional sites (up to 52) were added in later years; bird and habitat assessments at 37 riparian sites have been continuously monitored since 1998. Using this long-term dataset, my primary study goals were to: 1) estimate abundance and densities of 38 focal avian species, 2) document and describe changes in riparian vegetation over time, and 3) investigate how these two processes are related by creating bird-habitat association models. Recent results from population trend analyses suggest that the patterns of annual variation and regional synchrony seen in riparian-dependent species groupings may be driven by landscape-wide effects on habitat. I developed riparian-bird habitat association models to better understand these large-scale effects using important variables specific to nine species of interest. I constructed classification and regression trees for three distinct foraging guilds to assess species-specific and community level habitat associations. Variables identified as important predictors of species density varied according to the species of interset. However, the variables selected by the classification models were consistent with each species life history strategies. Model results are intended to provide the framework for the development of management guidelines that will inform terrestrial riparian restoration and conservation efforts in Utah.